Most people value independence and enjoy a sense of control in life, and as we grow older, this doesn’t change. In fact, the desire to stay at home and live independently may increase with age. A typical older adult has lived independently for years, served as a caregiver, and has a sentimental connection with their home. After decades of creating the life they’ve worked for, many folks don’t want their lifestyle to change due to age. You may resonate with the fear of reliance as you grow older, but careful planning can help you successfully age in place.

First, prepare to stay in your home by setting yourself up for success. Studies show that people who cultivate social connections, volunteer, engage in moderate physical activity, and maintain a healthy diet protect their well-being. A person’s health condition can impact quality of life. In turn, this can influence your ability to live independently. Taking control of modifiable lifestyle factors now, can empower you to take care of yourself later.

Another important factor of aging in place is to acknowledge your assistance level. Successfully maintaining independence requires honesty. You may need to assess your ability to complete daily activities and your level of safety at home. Accepting help from family, friends, or a formal caregiver who can assist with daily activities can prevent injury and other accidents. Some help may sustain your ability to live at home and prevent the need for full-time assistance.

Make your home accessible. You spend most of your time at home, so make sure it’s a safe space. Increase lighting, remove floor clutter, and rearrange furniture to open up the flow of traffic. Also, consider installing grab bars in bathrooms and repairing uneven walking surfaces. Ensuring a safe environment can prevent accidents and protect overall health.

Aging is inevitable but welcoming the transitions of life can prolong independence. It can encourage you to care for your body and mind, accept your health circumstances, and prepare

you to make your home a safer place. These are just a few ways that can help you realistically age in place.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Most people value independence and enjoy a sense of control in life, and as we grow older, this doesn’t change. In fact, the desire to stay at home and live independently may increase with age. A typical older adult has lived independently for years, served as a caregiver, and has a sentimental connection with their home. After decades of creating the life they’ve worked for, many folks don’t want their lifestyle to change due to age. You may resonate with the fear of reliance as you grow older, but careful planning can help you successfully age in place.First, prepare to stay in your home by setting yourself up for success. Studies show that people who cultivate social connections, volunteer, engage in moderate physical activity, and maintain a healthy diet protect their well-being. A person’s health condition can impact quality of life. In turn, this can influence your ability to live independently. Taking control of modifiable lifestyle factors now, can empower you to take care of yourself later.Another important factor of aging in place is to acknowledge your assistance level. Successfully maintaining independence requires honesty. You may need to assess your ability to complete daily activities and your level of safety at home. Accepting help from family, friends, or a formal caregiver who can assist with daily activities can prevent injury and other accidents. Some help may sustain your ability to live at home and prevent the need for full-time assistance.Make your home accessible. You spend most of your time at home, so make sure it’s a safe space. Increase lighting, remove floor clutter, and rearrange furniture to open up the flow of traffic. Also, consider installing grab bars in bathrooms and repairing uneven walking surfaces. Ensuring a safe environment can prevent accidents and protect overall health.Aging is inevitable but welcoming the transitions of life can prolong independence. It can encourage you to care for your body and mind, accept your health circumstances, and prepareyou to make your home a safer place. These are just a few ways that can help you realistically age in place.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: Age in place

I received a phone call from a local farmer in Ellis County on Wednesday, June 12th. He asked if I could come look at his and some other farmers fields. They were seeing sorghum plants with some reddish/purple leaves and some leaves having a whitish coloring or light streaks on the upper leaf surface.

Accompanied by J.P. Michaud, K-State Entomologist at the Agricultural Research Center in Hays, we went and looked at the fields. Upon close inspection we found thrips.

Our wheat hosts many different insects and once it matures and dries down, those insects start looking for another home. So, it is probably not uncommon for our grain sorghum to have some thrips each year. But this year looks to be an anomaly with more thrips feeding on the sorghum than usual.

Thrips are less than 2 millimeters long (.079”) and vary in color from yellow to brown, gray or black. The ones we observed were dark. These tiny, barely visible, splinter-like insects rasp leaf surfaces with their sharp mouthparts and then feed on the juices released.

We had to peel back the leaves on the plant to find the thrips. The good news is that they should not cause any yield loss and therefore spraying an insecticide is not recommended. As a matter of fact, if your grain sorghum had an insecticide seed treatment applied to it and most if not, all do, it should give your young plants enough protection from the thrips for at least 3 weeks after planting. Plus, the feeding they do is more cosmetic than anything, and should not lead to any yield loss.

Now for chinch bugs, I just received word today from a farmer in Barton County that an agronomist there said he has never seen chinch bug pressure that bad. Farmers will need to be scouting grain sorghum and sorghum/sudan hay fields close to harvested wheat fields for chinch bugs. They will move out of mature wheat and high numbers feeding on young sorghum plants can kill them. Damage begins along the field edge bordering the wheat, but can progress into the field as rows of plants die and the bugs move to new plants. Eventually, plants will get big enough to withstand the feeding pressure, but chinch bug migrations may last up to 2 weeks.

If you have any questions, please give me a call at the Cottonwood Extension Office in Hays at 785-628-9430 or email me at scampbel@ksu.edu J.P. Michaud, Entomologist at the Agricultural Research Center - Hays can be reached at 785-625-3425 or email jpmi@ksu.edu

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>I received a phone call from a local farmer in Ellis County on Wednesday, June 12th. He asked if I could come look at his and some other farmers fields. They were seeing sorghum plants with some reddish/purple leaves and some leaves having a whitish coloring or light streaks on the upper leaf surface.Accompanied by J.P. Michaud, K-State Entomologist at the Agricultural Research Center in Hays, we went and looked at the fields. Upon close inspection we found thrips.Our wheat hosts many different insects and once it matures and dries down, those insects start looking for another home. So, it is probably not uncommon for our grain sorghum to have some thrips each year. But this year looks to be an anomaly with more thrips feeding on the sorghum than usual.Thrips are less than 2 millimeters long (.079”) and vary in color from yellow to brown, gray or black. The ones we observed were dark. These tiny, barely visible, splinter-like insects rasp leaf surfaces with their sharp mouthparts and then feed on the juices released.We had to peel back the leaves on the plant to find the thrips. The good news is that they should not cause any yield loss and therefore spraying an insecticide is not recommended. As a matter of fact, if your grain sorghum had an insecticide seed treatment applied to it and most if not, all do, it should give your young plants enough protection from the thrips for at least 3 weeks after planting. Plus, the feeding they do is more cosmetic than anything, and should not lead to any yield loss.Now for chinch bugs, I just received word today from a farmer in Barton County that an agronomist there said he has never seen chinch bug pressure that bad. Farmers will need to be scouting grain sorghum and sorghum/sudan hay fields close to harvested wheat fields for chinch bugs. They will move out of mature wheat and high numbers feeding on young sorghum plants can kill them. Damage begins along the field edge bordering the wheat, but can progress into the field as rows of plants die and the bugs move to new plants. Eventually, plants will get big enough to withstand the feeding pressure, but chinch bug migrations may last up to 2 weeks.If you have any questions, please give me a call at the Cottonwood Extension Office in Hays at 785-628-9430 or email me at scampbel@ksu.edu J.P. Michaud, Entomologist at the Agricultural Research Center - Hays can be reached at 785-625-3425 or email jpmi@ksu.eduStacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Thrips in grain sorghum

A clean stock tank with high-quality water promotes healthy livestock. Nursing calves have a nine percent higher weight gain when drinking water from a trough rather than from a pond. Poor tasting water can influence forage intake. Drinking more water can mean more efficient forage consumption. Viruses, parasites, and bacteria thrive in tanks that are not properly cleaned.&nbsp;Keeping your stock tank clean can be a challenge in the summer. Warm summer temperatures, abundant sunlight, and nutrients mix together to create ideal conditions for algae growth. Nutrients from slobber, excrement, leaves, or other debris can stimulate harmful algae growth. Algae changes the taste of water, and some types are even toxic, like blue-green algae, which is toxic to livestock. Using fencing or other barriers to limit livestock access to ponds can mitigate nutrient introduction. Barriers should be low enough that critters won’t slip underneath.

Most tanks should be drained and cleaned once or twice a year. Add one part of household chlorine bleach for 32 parts of water. Let the water sit for 15 minutes. Drain and scrub the tank well. Keep livestock away from the tank for at least 30 minutes after cleaning. Getting the tank empty can be difficult unless the tank has a built-in drain. In the case of no drain, turn the water off and let the livestock drink the water down to a point where it can be managed.

Once the tank is cleaned, there are a few ways to keep it clean. First, keep debris (leaves, dead plants) out of the tank. Two ounces of household chlorine bleach to fifty gallons of water weekly will help regulate algae growth. Or copper sulfate, an eighth of a teaspoon per hundred gallons.

Goldfish are also an option for algae control. Add four to six goldfish per 100 gallons of tank capacity. Goldfish survive best when the temperature is at least sixty degrees, they need bricks, rocks, or some structure to hide from predators like birds or raccoons. Fish kills are a concern if the water level gets too low and there is not enough oxygen or in the winter when it’s too cold.&nbsp;Keeping the troughs out of direct sunlight can also help minimize algae growth. Freeze-proof troughs, such as floating ball top waterers, work well in cold weather and work to keep water cool in the summer.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>A clean stock tank with high-quality water promotes healthy livestock. Nursing calves have a nine percent higher weight gain when drinking water from a trough rather than from a pond. Poor tasting water can influence forage intake. Drinking more water can mean more efficient forage consumption. Viruses, parasites, and bacteria thrive in tanks that are not properly cleaned.&nbsp;Keeping your stock tank clean can be a challenge in the summer. Warm summer temperatures, abundant sunlight, and nutrients mix together to create ideal conditions for algae growth. Nutrients from slobber, excrement, leaves, or other debris can stimulate harmful algae growth. Algae changes the taste of water, and some types are even toxic, like blue-green algae, which is toxic to livestock. Using fencing or other barriers to limit livestock access to ponds can mitigate nutrient introduction. Barriers should be low enough that critters won’t slip underneath.Most tanks should be drained and cleaned once or twice a year. Add one part of household chlorine bleach for 32 parts of water. Let the water sit for 15 minutes. Drain and scrub the tank well. Keep livestock away from the tank for at least 30 minutes after cleaning. Getting the tank empty can be difficult unless the tank has a built-in drain. In the case of no drain, turn the water off and let the livestock drink the water down to a point where it can be managed.Once the tank is cleaned, there are a few ways to keep it clean. First, keep debris (leaves, dead plants) out of the tank. Two ounces of household chlorine bleach to fifty gallons of water weekly will help regulate algae growth. Or copper sulfate, an eighth of a teaspoon per hundred gallons.Goldfish are also an option for algae control. Add four to six goldfish per 100 gallons of tank capacity. Goldfish survive best when the temperature is at least sixty degrees, they need bricks, rocks, or some structure to hide from predators like birds or raccoons. Fish kills are a concern if the water level gets too low and there is not enough oxygen or in the winter when it’s too cold.&nbsp;Keeping the troughs out of direct sunlight can also help minimize algae growth. Freeze-proof troughs, such as floating ball top waterers, work well in cold weather and work to keep water cool in the summer.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Cleaning stock tanks – priority?

You want the best for your child and are trying to keep them safe and healthy while they grow. Still, it’s hard being a parent and it’s even harder when your family has experienced trauma. There are simple ways to connect with your child and help them to feel loved.

You might be a child’s parent or guardian, their regular caregiver, or someone who frequently sees and cares for them. No matter who you are to the child, you can be someone they trust and rely on. These are 8 everyday gestures that you can do with children to build relationships and trust. Children need to have strong relationships and attachment when they are young to set them up for success as an adult.

1. Play with your child and enter their world-Find activities that you can do together, like reading stories, playing video games, playing pretend, or practicing sports.

2. Listen to your child-Look them in the eye to help them feel seen, heard, and valued. Show them you are listening by bending down to their level, make eye contact and put down your phone.

3. Be your child’s cheerleader. Tell your child what you love about them. Inspire your child to discover activities that interest them, like sports, art, music, or theater.

4. Comfort your child when they feel scared or overwhelmed, and practice techniques such as taking deep breaths and counting to ten. Help you child find other people and places that help them feel safe and supported.

5. Talk to your child about their feelings. Help them to be able to label their emotions by using a feelings chart and model healthy ways to express feelings. Ask your child about events from their day and how they made them feel.

6. Create calm and predictable environments. Help your child know what to expect whenever possible by creating habits and routines. Ask yourself, what rituals would work for my family each day to make it more predictable? Children feel safe and have less anxiety when their worlds are predictable and they have an idea of what to expect will happen each day.

7. Set clear rules and expectations about your child’s behavior and use positive reinforcement whenever possible. Clear rules might include “no name-calling” and how often they can watch TV. Reward your child’s efforts to follow family rules.

8. Create a network of support for you and your child, and be a support for other parents. At some point, we all need to ask for help. Whether you’re helping someone else or needing it yourself, it’s good to know what health, counseling, and recreation resources are part of your community.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.&nbsp;K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>You want the best for your child and are trying to keep them safe and healthy while they grow. Still, it’s hard being a parent and it’s even harder when your family has experienced trauma. There are simple ways to connect with your child and help them to feel loved.You might be a child’s parent or guardian, their regular caregiver, or someone who frequently sees and cares for them. No matter who you are to the child, you can be someone they trust and rely on. These are 8 everyday gestures that you can do with children to build relationships and trust. Children need to have strong relationships and attachment when they are young to set them up for success as an adult.8 Every Day Gestures1. Play with your child and enter their world-Find activities that you can do together, like reading stories, playing video games, playing pretend, or practicing sports.2. Listen to your child-Look them in the eye to help them feel seen, heard, and valued. Show them you are listening by bending down to their level, make eye contact and put down your phone.3. Be your child’s cheerleader. Tell your child what you love about them. Inspire your child to discover activities that interest them, like sports, art, music, or theater.4. Comfort your child when they feel scared or overwhelmed, and practice techniques such as taking deep breaths and counting to ten. Help you child find other people and places that help them feel safe and supported.5. Talk to your child about their feelings. Help them to be able to label their emotions by using a feelings chart and model healthy ways to express feelings. Ask your child about events from their day and how they made them feel.6. Create calm and predictable environments. Help your child know what to expect whenever possible by creating habits and routines. Ask yourself, what rituals would work for my family each day to make it more predictable? Children feel safe and have less anxiety when their worlds are predictable and they have an idea of what to expect will happen each day.7. Set clear rules and expectations about your child’s behavior and use positive reinforcement whenever possible. Clear rules might include “no name-calling” and how often they can watch TV. Reward your child’s efforts to follow family rules.8. Create a network of support for you and your child, and be a support for other parents. At some point, we all need to ask for help. Whether you’re helping someone else or needing it yourself, it’s good to know what health, counseling, and recreation resources are part of your community.Source: Futures without ViolenceMonique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.&nbsp;K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: 8 everyday gestures

Farmer’s market season has arrived, and if you’re anything like me, strolling past vendors with an array of fresh produce and homemade goods is a refreshing way to shop. Fresh fruits and vegetables, local honey, and canned goods are just a few products that draw me to the market, but there are multiple reasons why shopping at the farmer’s market is a good choice for the entire community.

· Fresh produce. Locally grown fruits and vegetables are often picked later, full of color, and packed with nutrients. Compared to produce picked thousands of miles away, local foods are harvested at peak ripeness. This can contribute to nutrient-dense produce that is full of flavor! If you or a loved one is picky when it comes to vegetables, experimenting with farm fresh produce is a great way to reintroduce foods that may taste better than superstore options.

· Support the local economy. When you shop at the farmer’s market, your money stays in the community. You support small businesses and the vendors who work to provide such valuable goods.

· Safer food. Produce is typically sustainably grown, and consumers can learn about farming methods. If you are concerned about the use of pesticides and herbicides, the opportunity to ask questions may give you peace of mind. Plus, food from the farmer’s market can be a safer option while mass disease outbreaks are more likely to occur in industrial settings.

· Cultivate healthy behaviors. Taking children to the market can spark interest in healthy eating behaviors and teach them how food is grown. Exposure to the farmer’s market can inspire children (and adults) to make new foods, create a handmade craft, or plant a garden.

Now that you’re ambitious to shop local, make sure to stop by the Great Bend Summer Street Stroll Market at Jack Kilby Square on Thursdays from 4-7 pm. Fresh produce, honey, art, and handmade crafts are the focus of this market, and local vendors are available from May to October. Or, if you’re in the Hays area, stop by 110 E 10th St. on Saturday mornings from 7:30- 11 am. Customers can shop for weekly groceries, find unique gifts made by local artisans, and enjoy musical talents.

The Senior Nutrition Farmer’s Market Program is available in both locations. Those 60 and older can receive vouchers to purchase produce from participating vendors. Contact the Barton County Health Department or the Cottonwood Extension office in Hays to see if you qualify.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Farmer’s market season has arrived, and if you’re anything like me, strolling past vendors with an array of fresh produce and homemade goods is a refreshing way to shop. Fresh fruits and vegetables, local honey, and canned goods are just a few products that draw me to the market, but there are multiple reasons why shopping at the farmer’s market is a good choice for the entire community.· Fresh produce. Locally grown fruits and vegetables are often picked later, full of color, and packed with nutrients. Compared to produce picked thousands of miles away, local foods are harvested at peak ripeness. This can contribute to nutrient-dense produce that is full of flavor! If you or a loved one is picky when it comes to vegetables, experimenting with farm fresh produce is a great way to reintroduce foods that may taste better than superstore options.· Support the local economy. When you shop at the farmer’s market, your money stays in the community. You support small businesses and the vendors who work to provide such valuable goods.· Safer food. Produce is typically sustainably grown, and consumers can learn about farming methods. If you are concerned about the use of pesticides and herbicides, the opportunity to ask questions may give you peace of mind. Plus, food from the farmer’s market can be a safer option while mass disease outbreaks are more likely to occur in industrial settings.· Cultivate healthy behaviors. Taking children to the market can spark interest in healthy eating behaviors and teach them how food is grown. Exposure to the farmer’s market can inspire children (and adults) to make new foods, create a handmade craft, or plant a garden.Now that you’re ambitious to shop local, make sure to stop by the Great Bend Summer Street Stroll Market at Jack Kilby Square on Thursdays from 4-7 pm. Fresh produce, honey, art, and handmade crafts are the focus of this market, and local vendors are available from May to October. Or, if you’re in the Hays area, stop by 110 E 10th St. on Saturday mornings from 7:30- 11 am. Customers can shop for weekly groceries, find unique gifts made by local artisans, and enjoy musical talents.The Senior Nutrition Farmer’s Market Program is available in both locations. Those 60 and older can receive vouchers to purchase produce from participating vendors. Contact the Barton County Health Department or the Cottonwood Extension office in Hays to see if you qualify.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: Farmer’s market season - shop local

This past week, Tamara and I had the opportunity to take seven Cottonwood 4-H Youth to Discovery Days at K-State. This three-day event lets 4-H youth from 13-18 explore career ideas, expand project knowledge, and experience navigating campus for a variety of classes. Additionally, they experience staying in the dorms and meals at the dining center. It is a great time to meet new friends, catch up with 4-H members from across the state, and have fun!

For the past few years, a special event has been scheduled to coincide with Discovery Days. Emerald Circle recognizes the top project record in each of the 4-H project categories. A special reception is held for award winners and their families along with Kansas 4-H Foundation donors. Following the reception, all of the Discovery Day participants are invited to celebrate the award winners and hear an address focused on leadership.

Project records are an important part of 4-H learning opportunities and progress from evaluation at a local level to regional competition. From the regional competition, one record book from each project area is promoted to state competition so the quality level of these project records is very high!

Jonas Kern is a member of the Ellinwood Energizers 4-H Club and is the state project award winner for the Wildlife project. Evaluators at every level were very impressed with his level of activity and leadership across this project. As a Kansas 4-H Project Award winner, Jonas is invited to attend the 2024 National 4-H Congress to be held in Atlanta GA in November.

Jonas is a 10-year 4-H member and involved in a wide variety of projects from meat goats to fiber arts to leadership to, of course, wildlife! His parents are Joseph and Amanda Kern and his siblings are Russell and Maggie. Please join me in congratulating Jonas on this excellent accomplishment!

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

All Kansas Extension education programs and materials are available to all individuals without discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age or disability.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668177490614.jpeg" alt="written by: Michelle Beran - 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. " />
 <figcaption>written by: Michelle Beran - 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. </figcaption>
 </figure>This past week, Tamara and I had the opportunity to take seven Cottonwood 4-H Youth to Discovery Days at K-State. This three-day event lets 4-H youth from 13-18 explore career ideas, expand project knowledge, and experience navigating campus for a variety of classes. Additionally, they experience staying in the dorms and meals at the dining center. It is a great time to meet new friends, catch up with 4-H members from across the state, and have fun!For the past few years, a special event has been scheduled to coincide with Discovery Days. Emerald Circle recognizes the top project record in each of the 4-H project categories. A special reception is held for award winners and their families along with Kansas 4-H Foundation donors. Following the reception, all of the Discovery Day participants are invited to celebrate the award winners and hear an address focused on leadership.Project records are an important part of 4-H learning opportunities and progress from evaluation at a local level to regional competition. From the regional competition, one record book from each project area is promoted to state competition so the quality level of these project records is very high!Jonas Kern is a member of the Ellinwood Energizers 4-H Club and is the state project award winner for the Wildlife project. Evaluators at every level were very impressed with his level of activity and leadership across this project. As a Kansas 4-H Project Award winner, Jonas is invited to attend the 2024 National 4-H Congress to be held in Atlanta GA in November.Jonas is a 10-year 4-H member and involved in a wide variety of projects from meat goats to fiber arts to leadership to, of course, wildlife! His parents are Joseph and Amanda Kern and his siblings are Russell and Maggie. Please join me in congratulating Jonas on this excellent accomplishment!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.All Kansas Extension education programs and materials are available to all individuals without discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age or disability.

BERAN: Emerald Circle honoring 4-H projects

Recent warming temperatures and wet weather patterns have created ideal conditions for mosquitoes, said Kansas State University entomologist Raymond Cloyd.

“There are a lot of situations (near the home) where standing water is around,” he said. “We need to be aware of mosquitoes.”

Cloyd suggests clearing out the breeding environments used by mosquitoes to help mitigate their numbers near homes.

“The way we approach mosquito management is source reduction, that is, remove all stagnant water from bird baths, old tires, wheelbarrows, or anything that holds water for an extended period of time,” he said.

Other ways to get rid of mosquito breeding grounds, according to the K-State Research and Extension publication, Pests That Affect Human Health: Mosquitoes and West Nile Virus:

· Eliminate artificial water-holding containers. If that is not possible, empty buckets, cans, bottles, used tires and other containers at least once a week. 

· Fill or drain tree holes, stumps and puddles. 

· Irrigate gardens and lawns carefully to prevent water standing for more than a few days. 

· Check for water trapped in plastic covers on boats and swimming pools. 

· Make sure rain gutters are clean and do not hold water. 

People can also use a wide variety of repellents to lessen the presence of female mosquitoes during the times they’re most active, according to Cloyd. 

“If you're going to be out at dusk and dawn, spray your body with a repellent such as DEET, Picaridin or IR3535,” he said. 

Permethrin acts as another form of female mosquito control that affects them directly, but it must be applied properly to ensure human safety.

“Permethrin is an insecticide, but you don't spray it on your skin,” Cloyd said. “You spray it just on your clothing. When you come back inside take a shower (after application).”

Mosquito management can also occur during the early phases of the insect’s life cycle using a larvicide in the form of mosquito dunks or bits.

“You can put mosquito dunks and bits in water to kill mosquitos in the larval stage,” Cloyd said. They're completely harmless to pets and fish; all they kill is mosquito larva. So if you have a pond that's not agitated or a bird bath you don't want to change, you can throw in these mosquito dunks or bits. They'll eat it then they’ll die.”

He added: “Dunks and bits are stomach poisons that contain the active ingredient, Bacillus thuringienesis (subspecies kurstaki, or Btk). Btk is a soil-borne bacterium that only kills mosquito larvae. It will manage mosquito larval populations for one to four weeks after application.”

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Recent warming temperatures and wet weather patterns have created ideal conditions for mosquitoes, said Kansas State University entomologist Raymond Cloyd.“There are a lot of situations (near the home) where standing water is around,” he said. “We need to be aware of mosquitoes.”Cloyd suggests clearing out the breeding environments used by mosquitoes to help mitigate their numbers near homes.“The way we approach mosquito management is source reduction, that is, remove all stagnant water from bird baths, old tires, wheelbarrows, or anything that holds water for an extended period of time,” he said.Other ways to get rid of mosquito breeding grounds, according to the K-State Research and Extension publication, Pests That Affect Human Health: Mosquitoes and West Nile Virus:· Eliminate artificial water-holding containers. If that is not possible, empty buckets, cans, bottles, used tires and other containers at least once a week. · Fill or drain tree holes, stumps and puddles. · Irrigate gardens and lawns carefully to prevent water standing for more than a few days. · Check for water trapped in plastic covers on boats and swimming pools. · Make sure rain gutters are clean and do not hold water. People can also use a wide variety of repellents to lessen the presence of female mosquitoes during the times they’re most active, according to Cloyd. “If you're going to be out at dusk and dawn, spray your body with a repellent such as DEET, Picaridin or IR3535,” he said. Permethrin acts as another form of female mosquito control that affects them directly, but it must be applied properly to ensure human safety.“Permethrin is an insecticide, but you don't spray it on your skin,” Cloyd said. “You spray it just on your clothing. When you come back inside take a shower (after application).”Mosquito management can also occur during the early phases of the insect’s life cycle using a larvicide in the form of mosquito dunks or bits.“You can put mosquito dunks and bits in water to kill mosquitos in the larval stage,” Cloyd said. They're completely harmless to pets and fish; all they kill is mosquito larva. So if you have a pond that's not agitated or a bird bath you don't want to change, you can throw in these mosquito dunks or bits. They'll eat it then they’ll die.”He added: “Dunks and bits are stomach poisons that contain the active ingredient, Bacillus thuringienesis (subspecies kurstaki, or Btk). Btk is a soil-borne bacterium that only kills mosquito larvae. It will manage mosquito larval populations for one to four weeks after application.”Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Mosquito management through source reduction

Have you ever considered yourself a caregiver? Have you looked after someone suffering a disability, illness, or injury? Have you raised children? If the answer is ‘yes,’ to any of these, you have played an invaluable role as a caregiver.

As you probably know, caregivers help with daily activities such as dressing, cooking, managing health concerns, and providing priceless emotional support.

With aging populations, an increase in chronic disease, and rising dementia rates, the need for caregivers is growing rapidly. In today’s world, many caregivers go unnoticed while balancing multiple responsibilities. For example, caregivers often fulfill various roles as employees, parents, and spouses. While responding to demands in other areas of life, taking on the title of “caregiver” can be another full-time commitment. This can lead to exhaustion and burnout. However, a person can’t effectively pour into others until they fill their own cup.

This is why caregivers must practice self-care, and for this same reason, A Different Mindset Association was formed in Hays, Kansas. This group came together as individual caregivers, seeking ways to support others facing similar challenges. Specifically, the association recognizes the need for respite care among those with dementia-related diseases and aims to provide education, network resources, and promote awareness about dementia. Currently, the group hosts caregiver support group meetings via Zoom and provides an in-person option at The Center for Health Improvement in Hays, Ks.

As a former caregiver, Co-founder, Micki Armstrong, shares her advice, “Self-care is a very important aspect of caregiving. Make sure that you’re taking care of yourself because statistics show that sometimes the caregiver falls ill or even dies before the person that they’re caring for does. So, it’s important that you have a support system that you exercise and that you give yourself a break. Find some respite care, because if you don’t, it will affect your health.”

A Different Mindset Association plans to launch respite services for caregivers soon. In the meantime, they will host an event, “A Polka Night to Remember,” that the whole family can enjoy. The group hopes to alleviate stress for caregivers and provide entertainment for all generations. It will take place on Saturday, June 8th from 6:00-10:30 pm at the VFW in Victoria, KS. All money raised will stay local to fund Dementia and Alzheimer’s Programs along with Caregiver Support in Ellis County and surrounding areas. Enjoy Polka music by Karl Meis, a dinner buffet by Brenton Hoffman Catering, a cash bar, door prizes, and a raffle for a quarter-side processed beef donated by VJS Polled Herefords and the Brian Staab family. Tickets are available at A Different Mindset Association’s website or call 785-269-1928.

According to the Alzheimer’s Association, “More than 11 million Americans provide unpaid care for a family member or friend with dementia, a contribution to the nation valued at nearly $340 billion.”

The role of a caregiver is significant. It is explained by some as “the most rewarding job,” yet it is highly demanding. Support A Different Mindset Association and our invaluable caregivers by joining them for “A Polka Night to Remember” on Saturday, June 8.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Have you ever considered yourself a caregiver? Have you looked after someone suffering a disability, illness, or injury? Have you raised children? If the answer is ‘yes,’ to any of these, you have played an invaluable role as a caregiver.As you probably know, caregivers help with daily activities such as dressing, cooking, managing health concerns, and providing priceless emotional support.With aging populations, an increase in chronic disease, and rising dementia rates, the need for caregivers is growing rapidly. In today’s world, many caregivers go unnoticed while balancing multiple responsibilities. For example, caregivers often fulfill various roles as employees, parents, and spouses. While responding to demands in other areas of life, taking on the title of “caregiver” can be another full-time commitment. This can lead to exhaustion and burnout. However, a person can’t effectively pour into others until they fill their own cup.This is why caregivers must practice self-care, and for this same reason, A Different Mindset Association was formed in Hays, Kansas. This group came together as individual caregivers, seeking ways to support others facing similar challenges. Specifically, the association recognizes the need for respite care among those with dementia-related diseases and aims to provide education, network resources, and promote awareness about dementia. Currently, the group hosts caregiver support group meetings via Zoom and provides an in-person option at The Center for Health Improvement in Hays, Ks.As a former caregiver, Co-founder, Micki Armstrong, shares her advice, “Self-care is a very important aspect of caregiving. Make sure that you’re taking care of yourself because statistics show that sometimes the caregiver falls ill or even dies before the person that they’re caring for does. So, it’s important that you have a support system that you exercise and that you give yourself a break. Find some respite care, because if you don’t, it will affect your health.”A Different Mindset Association plans to launch respite services for caregivers soon. In the meantime, they will host an event, “A Polka Night to Remember,” that the whole family can enjoy. The group hopes to alleviate stress for caregivers and provide entertainment for all generations. It will take place on Saturday, June 8th from 6:00-10:30 pm at the VFW in Victoria, KS. All money raised will stay local to fund Dementia and Alzheimer’s Programs along with Caregiver Support in Ellis County and surrounding areas. Enjoy Polka music by Karl Meis, a dinner buffet by Brenton Hoffman Catering, a cash bar, door prizes, and a raffle for a quarter-side processed beef donated by VJS Polled Herefords and the Brian Staab family. Tickets are available at A Different Mindset Association’s website or call 785-269-1928.According to the Alzheimer’s Association, “More than 11 million Americans provide unpaid care for a family member or friend with dementia, a contribution to the nation valued at nearly $340 billion.”The role of a caregiver is significant. It is explained by some as “the most rewarding job,” yet it is highly demanding. Support A Different Mindset Association and our invaluable caregivers by joining them for “A Polka Night to Remember” on Saturday, June 8.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: Self-care for the caregiver

This is the time to fertilize warm-season lawn grasses such as bermudagrass, buffalograss, and zoysiagrass. These species all thrive in warmer summer weather, so this is the time they respond best to fertilization. The most important nutrient is nitrogen (N), and these three species need it in varying amounts.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 

Bermudagrass requires the most nitrogen. Bermudagrass used on athletic fields needs about 4 lbs. nitrogen per 1,000 sq. ft. during the season.&nbsp; High-quality home lawns are often given 3 pounds per 1000 square feet and low maintenance areas can get by on 2 lbs.. Apply this as separate applications, about 4 weeks apart consisting of 1 lb. N per 1,000 sq. ft. starting in early May for athletic fields.&nbsp; It is already too late for the May application, but the June application is just around the corner. The nitrogen can come from either a quick- or slow-release source. So any lawn fertilizer will work. Plan the last application for no later than August 15. This helps ensure the bermudagrass is not overstimulated, making it susceptible to winter-kill.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 

Zoysiagrass grows more slowly than bermudagrass and is prone to develop thatch.&nbsp; Consequently, it does not need as much nitrogen. In fact, too much is worse than too little. One and one-half to 2 pounds N per 1,000 sq. ft. during the season is sufficient. Split the total in two and apply once in early June and again around mid-July. Slow-release nitrogen is preferable but quick-release is acceptable. Slow-release nitrogen is sometimes listed as "slowly available" or "water insoluble."&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 

Buffalograss requires the least nitrogen of all lawn species commonly grown in Kansas. It will survive and persist with no supplemental nitrogen, but giving it one lb. N per 1,000 sq. ft. will improve color and density. This application should be made in early June. For a little darker color, fertilize it as described for zoysiagrass in the previous paragraph, but do not apply more than a total of 2 lb. N per 1,000 sq. ft. in one season.&nbsp; As with zoysia, slow-release nitrogen is preferable, but fast-release is also OK. As for all turfgrasses, phosphorus and potassium are best applied according to soil test results because many soils already have adequate amounts of these nutrients for turfgrass growth. If you need to apply phosphorus or potassium, it is best to core aerate beforehand to ensure the nutrients reach the roots.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>This is the time to fertilize warm-season lawn grasses such as bermudagrass, buffalograss, and zoysiagrass. These species all thrive in warmer summer weather, so this is the time they respond best to fertilization. The most important nutrient is nitrogen (N), and these three species need it in varying amounts.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bermudagrass requires the most nitrogen. Bermudagrass used on athletic fields needs about 4 lbs. nitrogen per 1,000 sq. ft. during the season.&nbsp; High-quality home lawns are often given 3 pounds per 1000 square feet and low maintenance areas can get by on 2 lbs.. Apply this as separate applications, about 4 weeks apart consisting of 1 lb. N per 1,000 sq. ft. starting in early May for athletic fields.&nbsp; It is already too late for the May application, but the June application is just around the corner. The nitrogen can come from either a quick- or slow-release source. So any lawn fertilizer will work. Plan the last application for no later than August 15. This helps ensure the bermudagrass is not overstimulated, making it susceptible to winter-kill.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Zoysiagrass grows more slowly than bermudagrass and is prone to develop thatch.&nbsp; Consequently, it does not need as much nitrogen. In fact, too much is worse than too little. One and one-half to 2 pounds N per 1,000 sq. ft. during the season is sufficient. Split the total in two and apply once in early June and again around mid-July. Slow-release nitrogen is preferable but quick-release is acceptable. Slow-release nitrogen is sometimes listed as "slowly available" or "water insoluble."&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Buffalograss requires the least nitrogen of all lawn species commonly grown in Kansas. It will survive and persist with no supplemental nitrogen, but giving it one lb. N per 1,000 sq. ft. will improve color and density. This application should be made in early June. For a little darker color, fertilize it as described for zoysiagrass in the previous paragraph, but do not apply more than a total of 2 lb. N per 1,000 sq. ft. in one season.&nbsp; As with zoysia, slow-release nitrogen is preferable, but fast-release is also OK. As for all turfgrasses, phosphorus and potassium are best applied according to soil test results because many soils already have adequate amounts of these nutrients for turfgrass growth. If you need to apply phosphorus or potassium, it is best to core aerate beforehand to ensure the nutrients reach the roots.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Fertilizing warm season

Two weeks ago, my newspaper article was on performance of N-fixing products in crop production. N-Fixing organisms, usually species of bacteria, have the ability to ‘fix’ nitrogen (N) from the atmosphere where it is abundant as N2 gas, and convert it to plant available N. Legumes such as soybeans, and alfalfa are able to do this.

Lately, biological-based products have been marketed to enhance crop production. One class of products essentially consists of seed inoculants whose marketers claim they will either infect the seed, which enables them to perform N-Fixation functions similar to Rhizobia in legumes, or to inhabit the immediate soil outside the root (the rhizosphere) and use plant-root exudates as food-stuffs, enabling the N-fixing organisms to fix N from the air.

Trials to determine the yield benefit from one or more of these products added to different rates of N fertilizer were conducted by researchers from most of the land-grant universities in the North Central Region of the U.S. through the 2022 growing season to determine their possible value to farmers. If you missed that article go to Hays or Great Bend Post and type my name into search posts.

One of the results of publishing the compilation of research trials has been an opening of communication by the lead author with other startups of N-fixing organisms in the US and in Europe. The author has visited with representatives and scientists from these industries, and has discussed with them what might be done to improve their chances in the marketplace when they decide the product is ready to sell. The discussions always settled on four points. The N-fixing bacteria are living organisms:

The organisms need to be kept alive through transportation and storage intervals between manufacturer, shipper, warehouses, distributor, dealer, and finally on farm storage before use. There should be a method of analysis developed to determine whether the organism is alive and functioning in the soil/plant after application. The organism should be able to ‘win a war’ with other native microorganisms in order to survive and perform its function. The organism should be adapted to variable moisture, variable soil pH and variable soil salts in order to perform its function.

Although the firms that manufacture these products were convinced that when the product left the point of manufacture, that the organisms are alive, they all are concerned of the viability by the time they reached the point of field application.

Presently, according to industry people that the author of the research compilation has visited with, there are no quick assays or analyses available to determine whether the organisms in the container, in the soil or plant are alive and functioning in the manner they need to function to benefit the end- user. These tests need to be developed to support the product and provide confidence to the farmer that the product is performing.

To date, land-grant researchers associated with the Committee of Specialized Soil Amendments and Products, Growth Stimulants, and Soil Fertility Management Programs have found a low frequency of N fertilizer rate replacement from the application of commercial N-Fixing bacterial products to corn. It is possible that future related products might be beneficial if manufacturers consider ways to maintain viability of the organisms from point of production to point of field application, are able to assay organism activity in the field, and screen organisms for their ability to compete with other soil organisms and remain active in a wide range of possible soil environments.

Farmers should strive to be curious regarding new products, but also to be skeptical; testing products of interest in replicated trials on their farms.

If you would like to discuss or have questions on how to conduct replicated trials on your farms, feel free to give me a call 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Two weeks ago, my newspaper article was on performance of N-fixing products in crop production. N-Fixing organisms, usually species of bacteria, have the ability to ‘fix’ nitrogen (N) from the atmosphere where it is abundant as N2 gas, and convert it to plant available N. Legumes such as soybeans, and alfalfa are able to do this.Lately, biological-based products have been marketed to enhance crop production. One class of products essentially consists of seed inoculants whose marketers claim they will either infect the seed, which enables them to perform N-Fixation functions similar to Rhizobia in legumes, or to inhabit the immediate soil outside the root (the rhizosphere) and use plant-root exudates as food-stuffs, enabling the N-fixing organisms to fix N from the air.Trials to determine the yield benefit from one or more of these products added to different rates of N fertilizer were conducted by researchers from most of the land-grant universities in the North Central Region of the U.S. through the 2022 growing season to determine their possible value to farmers. If you missed that article go to Hays or Great Bend Post and type my name into search posts.One of the results of publishing the compilation of research trials has been an opening of communication by the lead author with other startups of N-fixing organisms in the US and in Europe. The author has visited with representatives and scientists from these industries, and has discussed with them what might be done to improve their chances in the marketplace when they decide the product is ready to sell. The discussions always settled on four points. The N-fixing bacteria are living organisms:The organisms need to be kept alive through transportation and storage intervals between manufacturer, shipper, warehouses, distributor, dealer, and finally on farm storage before use. There should be a method of analysis developed to determine whether the organism is alive and functioning in the soil/plant after application. The organism should be able to ‘win a war’ with other native microorganisms in order to survive and perform its function. The organism should be adapted to variable moisture, variable soil pH and variable soil salts in order to perform its function.Although the firms that manufacture these products were convinced that when the product left the point of manufacture, that the organisms are alive, they all are concerned of the viability by the time they reached the point of field application.Presently, according to industry people that the author of the research compilation has visited with, there are no quick assays or analyses available to determine whether the organisms in the container, in the soil or plant are alive and functioning in the manner they need to function to benefit the end- user. These tests need to be developed to support the product and provide confidence to the farmer that the product is performing.To date, land-grant researchers associated with the Committee of Specialized Soil Amendments and Products, Growth Stimulants, and Soil Fertility Management Programs have found a low frequency of N fertilizer rate replacement from the application of commercial N-Fixing bacterial products to corn. It is possible that future related products might be beneficial if manufacturers consider ways to maintain viability of the organisms from point of production to point of field application, are able to assay organism activity in the field, and screen organisms for their ability to compete with other soil organisms and remain active in a wide range of possible soil environments.Farmers should strive to be curious regarding new products, but also to be skeptical; testing products of interest in replicated trials on their farms.If you would like to discuss or have questions on how to conduct replicated trials on your farms, feel free to give me a call 785-628-9430.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Performance of N-Fixing products in crop production conclusions

Physical activity has many benefits. Walking, running, biking, swimming, lifting weights, playing sports, and moving more can add years to your life. Physical activity can improve your health, mood, and energy levels. But sometimes, the inspiration to get moving may be lacking. That’s when friends, family, and other social connections can help.

Research has shown that connecting with others, called social support, can help us get active and make changes to improve our health. Other people can help us start, continue, or increase how much we move. They can also help us make physical activity a habit.

There are many different types of social support. Social support doesn’t only include people you already know. It can include groups that help get you moving, like walking or hiking clubs. It can also mean going to exercise classes, whether in person or online. There are even social media communities that provide social support for exercise.

Social support can help people of all ages and abilities get more physical activity, even those with chronic (long-lasting) health problems.

The More the Merrier Social support can make physical activity more fun and inviting. And being active is an important goal for just about everyone.

Regular physical activity can reduce the risk of serious health conditions. These include heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and cancer. Activity can boost brain health, improve sleep, and more.

Yet most American adults do not get the recommended amounts of physical activity. That’s at least two and a half hours of moderate activity, such as brisk walking, each week. Muscle-strengthening activities, like lifting weights, are also recommended at least twice a week.

Getting in that much activity might seem challenging. Any amount of physical activity is better than none. Even short bursts of activity throughout the day can be helpful, like 5 or 10 minutes at a time.

Companionship is a huge part of being active because being with someone can make physical activity more enjoyable. It can provide encouragement that keeps you going. And research has

found that social support can increase self-efficacy, which is the feeling that you can do something and be successful.

Finding physical activity you enjoy is often key to success. If you don’t enjoy it, it’ll be hard to make it into a daily or weekly habit.

Plan Together Planning with someone and sticking to it can be especially helpful. Agree to meet at certain times to get active together. Or agree to check in with each other regularly at specific times. You can share successes and struggles.

If you plan to be active with a friend or family member, you’re more likely to keep that commitment. You’ll meet with them as promised and it helps keep you accountable.

Research shows that interacting with others can also help you to set and meet goals. People can help each other be physically active even if they’re not exercising together. And it can help if you make it fun. One NIH-supported study found that a game-based approach helped people get active after hospital discharge. Study participants wore a step-tracking device. They received game points and positive feedback for meeting step goals. Each also chose a supportive partner, like a friend or family member, to help keep them accountable. The partners received email updates on participants’ progress. They also provided encouragement.

By the end of 12 weeks, people who had higher social engagement had a significant increase in daily steps. A follow-up study is underway to see if an online coach can boost activity even more.

Overcoming Obstacles Certain groups of people have specific barriers that can keep them from getting active. For instance, older adults who’ve had a major health event like a heart attack may have anxiety or concerns about being physically active. Yet activity is so important for their health and recovery.

People with serious health conditions often have worries that keep them from getting active. They may avoid going to the gym because they feel embarrassed that they’re not able to do what other people can do. But being part of a group can have a positive impact. There’s something powerful about the shared experience. They see others who have a similar medical issue who are now able to exercise. It sets an example: If they can do it, I can do that too.

Get Moving With Others · Build your network. Find a group for people with shared interests, like a walking, hiking, dancing, or biking club.

· Make a shared routine. Commit to a walking schedule with a neighbor, family member, or friend.

· Be accountable. Share your physical activity goals with people you trust. Ask for their support.

· Take a class. Try a yoga, tai chi, or fitness class with a friend. You can even take a virtual class online with a friend in another town.

· Join a team. Look for local softball, soccer, or other sports teams.

· Family activity. Join your kids for a bike ride or throw a ball around before starting on homework or chores.

· Get dancing. Go to a local dance, take dance classes, or dance with family at home.

· Move more at work. Join worksite wellness and walking groups.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu

K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522176561.png" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Physical activity has many benefits. Walking, running, biking, swimming, lifting weights, playing sports, and moving more can add years to your life. Physical activity can improve your health, mood, and energy levels. But sometimes, the inspiration to get moving may be lacking. That’s when friends, family, and other social connections can help.Research has shown that connecting with others, called social support, can help us get active and make changes to improve our health. Other people can help us start, continue, or increase how much we move. They can also help us make physical activity a habit.There are many different types of social support. Social support doesn’t only include people you already know. It can include groups that help get you moving, like walking or hiking clubs. It can also mean going to exercise classes, whether in person or online. There are even social media communities that provide social support for exercise.Social support can help people of all ages and abilities get more physical activity, even those with chronic (long-lasting) health problems.The More the Merrier Social support can make physical activity more fun and inviting. And being active is an important goal for just about everyone.Regular physical activity can reduce the risk of serious health conditions. These include heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and cancer. Activity can boost brain health, improve sleep, and more.Yet most American adults do not get the recommended amounts of physical activity. That’s at least two and a half hours of moderate activity, such as brisk walking, each week. Muscle-strengthening activities, like lifting weights, are also recommended at least twice a week.Getting in that much activity might seem challenging. Any amount of physical activity is better than none. Even short bursts of activity throughout the day can be helpful, like 5 or 10 minutes at a time.Companionship is a huge part of being active because being with someone can make physical activity more enjoyable. It can provide encouragement that keeps you going. And research hasfound that social support can increase self-efficacy, which is the feeling that you can do something and be successful.Finding physical activity you enjoy is often key to success. If you don’t enjoy it, it’ll be hard to make it into a daily or weekly habit.Plan Together Planning with someone and sticking to it can be especially helpful. Agree to meet at certain times to get active together. Or agree to check in with each other regularly at specific times. You can share successes and struggles.If you plan to be active with a friend or family member, you’re more likely to keep that commitment. You’ll meet with them as promised and it helps keep you accountable.Research shows that interacting with others can also help you to set and meet goals. People can help each other be physically active even if they’re not exercising together. And it can help if you make it fun. One NIH-supported study found that a game-based approach helped people get active after hospital discharge. Study participants wore a step-tracking device. They received game points and positive feedback for meeting step goals. Each also chose a supportive partner, like a friend or family member, to help keep them accountable. The partners received email updates on participants’ progress. They also provided encouragement.By the end of 12 weeks, people who had higher social engagement had a significant increase in daily steps. A follow-up study is underway to see if an online coach can boost activity even more.Overcoming Obstacles Certain groups of people have specific barriers that can keep them from getting active. For instance, older adults who’ve had a major health event like a heart attack may have anxiety or concerns about being physically active. Yet activity is so important for their health and recovery.People with serious health conditions often have worries that keep them from getting active. They may avoid going to the gym because they feel embarrassed that they’re not able to do what other people can do. But being part of a group can have a positive impact. There’s something powerful about the shared experience. They see others who have a similar medical issue who are now able to exercise. It sets an example: If they can do it, I can do that too.Get Moving With Others · Build your network. Find a group for people with shared interests, like a walking, hiking, dancing, or biking club.· Make a shared routine. Commit to a walking schedule with a neighbor, family member, or friend.· Be accountable. Share your physical activity goals with people you trust. Ask for their support.· Take a class. Try a yoga, tai chi, or fitness class with a friend. You can even take a virtual class online with a friend in another town.· Join a team. Look for local softball, soccer, or other sports teams.· Family activity. Join your kids for a bike ride or throw a ball around before starting on homework or chores.· Get dancing. Go to a local dance, take dance classes, or dance with family at home.· Move more at work. Join worksite wellness and walking groups.Source: NIH News in HealthMonique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.eduK-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: Time to get active together

We all know that relationships are an important part of life, but they are more impactful than we give them credit for. Dependable family members, stress-relieving friendships, and supportive coworkers bring color to life. These connections even support healthy behaviors, enhance mental health, and bolster brain function.

Who would have thought that relationships could have such a large stake in physical health? When we think about ways to improve well-being, many of us envision a leafy green salad, not a game of cards. However, the people we surround ourselves with (or don’t) have a larger role than we imagine.

First, quality connections give us purpose. If you’ve heard of the Blue Zones, you likely know the term “ikigai” that Okinawan centurions use to describe their purpose in life. In this culture, people have a distinct reason for waking up each morning, and for many, ikigai revolves around loved ones. Whether it is providing for children, caring for parents, or spending time with friends, what a person can give, adds meaning to life. This sense of purpose provides a deep understanding of the big picture which fuels optimism and resilience that strengthens mental health. People with a strong ikigai, are also more likely to prioritize healthy behaviors so they can achieve their ultimate purpose.

Relationships not only give meaning to life, they can provide a mental workout. Engaging in social activities stimulate various regions of the brain by strengthening neural circuits, producing hormones, and increasing connectivity. Social butterflies are more likely to have good cognition and memory while isolated people have a 50% increased risk of developing dementia. Just like physical exercise is good for the body, socialization is a workout for the brain.

A sense of community can give meaning to life, encourage healthy behaviors, and protect the brain. It can also support the immune system and strengthen the heart! So, how can you enrich your relationships?

1. Be curious. Take an interest in others and ask lots of questions. This opens up a door for conversation and lets others know you care about them. When you are curious, you may realize how much you have in common with others.

2. Practice generosity. We can’t control how people engage with us, but practicing the golden rule can help others reciprocate generosity in time and kindness.

3. Listen to understand. Sometimes we engage in conversation only to hear ourselves talk. Instead of trying to prove a point, slowing down and listening intently to what another has to say provides an atmosphere for connection. It also is a great way to learn through others' experiences.

4. Check in often. Creating lasting relationships takes time and effort. The more you engage with a person, the stronger your bond can grow. Be sure to schedule regular gatherings and phone calls to strengthen your social circle.

Relationships are a valuable part of life and the proof is evident. Investing in others provides physical benefits, strengthens mental well-being, and provides a sense of purpose. Taking an interest in our social fitness not only supports others, but it sustains physical health and happiness.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697546908793.jpeg" alt="

written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>

written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>We all know that relationships are an important part of life, but they are more impactful than we give them credit for. Dependable family members, stress-relieving friendships, and supportive coworkers bring color to life. These connections even support healthy behaviors, enhance mental health, and bolster brain function.Who would have thought that relationships could have such a large stake in physical health? When we think about ways to improve well-being, many of us envision a leafy green salad, not a game of cards. However, the people we surround ourselves with (or don’t) have a larger role than we imagine.First, quality connections give us purpose. If you’ve heard of the Blue Zones, you likely know the term “ikigai” that Okinawan centurions use to describe their purpose in life. In this culture, people have a distinct reason for waking up each morning, and for many, ikigai revolves around loved ones. Whether it is providing for children, caring for parents, or spending time with friends, what a person can give, adds meaning to life. This sense of purpose provides a deep understanding of the big picture which fuels optimism and resilience that strengthens mental health. People with a strong ikigai, are also more likely to prioritize healthy behaviors so they can achieve their ultimate purpose.Relationships not only give meaning to life, they can provide a mental workout. Engaging in social activities stimulate various regions of the brain by strengthening neural circuits, producing hormones, and increasing connectivity. Social butterflies are more likely to have good cognition and memory while isolated people have a 50% increased risk of developing dementia. Just like physical exercise is good for the body, socialization is a workout for the brain.A sense of community can give meaning to life, encourage healthy behaviors, and protect the brain. It can also support the immune system and strengthen the heart! So, how can you enrich your relationships?1. Be curious. Take an interest in others and ask lots of questions. This opens up a door for conversation and lets others know you care about them. When you are curious, you may realize how much you have in common with others.2. Practice generosity. We can’t control how people engage with us, but practicing the golden rule can help others reciprocate generosity in time and kindness.3. Listen to understand. Sometimes we engage in conversation only to hear ourselves talk. Instead of trying to prove a point, slowing down and listening intently to what another has to say provides an atmosphere for connection. It also is a great way to learn through others' experiences.4. Check in often. Creating lasting relationships takes time and effort. The more you engage with a person, the stronger your bond can grow. Be sure to schedule regular gatherings and phone calls to strengthen your social circle.Relationships are a valuable part of life and the proof is evident. Investing in others provides physical benefits, strengthens mental well-being, and provides a sense of purpose. Taking an interest in our social fitness not only supports others, but it sustains physical health and happiness.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: Social fitness to sustain physical health

Imagine a gathering with nine of your friends and family members. Now imagine that at least one of you has a disease that can lead to blindness, amputation, or stroke. The reality is not far-fetched.

About 1 in 9 adults in Kansas have been diagnosed with diabetes, a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood sugar. This is a result of insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance.

Now imagine if tools were available to help you and loved ones cope with the daunting disease. Would you sleep better at night knowing that you can be in control of glucose levels and reduce the risk of developing other health conditions like heart disease, kidney disease, or retinopathy?

Dining with Diabetes is one tool available to help you take control and regain peace of mind. This national program is designed to boost the health of those with prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes. The program serves to educate family members and caregivers while connecting participants to resources.

Through Dining with Diabetes, you will have the chance to learn the best ways to take care of yourself and your loved ones. This includes nutrition education and hands-on cooking demonstrations to help you gain confidence in preparing enjoyable meals that balance blood sugar. Also, participants will learn the importance of physical activity and how to realistically include it in day-to-day life.

The class will take place at the Hays Recreation Commission on June 6, 13, 20, and 27 from 4-6 pm. The cost is $35 for the 6- hours of hands-on learning experience. Please give us a call with any questions or to register at 785-628-9430.

Encounter support through Dining with Diabetes and connect with others who experience similar challenges. Find relief in knowing that diabetes management is possible for you!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Imagine a gathering with nine of your friends and family members. Now imagine that at least one of you has a disease that can lead to blindness, amputation, or stroke. The reality is not far-fetched.About 1 in 9 adults in Kansas have been diagnosed with diabetes, a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood sugar. This is a result of insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance.Now imagine if tools were available to help you and loved ones cope with the daunting disease. Would you sleep better at night knowing that you can be in control of glucose levels and reduce the risk of developing other health conditions like heart disease, kidney disease, or retinopathy?Dining with Diabetes is one tool available to help you take control and regain peace of mind. This national program is designed to boost the health of those with prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes. The program serves to educate family members and caregivers while connecting participants to resources.Through Dining with Diabetes, you will have the chance to learn the best ways to take care of yourself and your loved ones. This includes nutrition education and hands-on cooking demonstrations to help you gain confidence in preparing enjoyable meals that balance blood sugar. Also, participants will learn the importance of physical activity and how to realistically include it in day-to-day life.The class will take place at the Hays Recreation Commission on June 6, 13, 20, and 27 from 4-6 pm. The cost is $35 for the 6- hours of hands-on learning experience. Please give us a call with any questions or to register at 785-628-9430.Encounter support through Dining with Diabetes and connect with others who experience similar challenges. Find relief in knowing that diabetes management is possible for you!Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: Take back control - dining with diabetes

Asymbiotic or non-symbiotic N-Fixing organisms, usually species of bacteria, have the ability to ‘fix’ nitrogen (N) from the atmosphere where it is abundant as N2 gas, and produce NH3 without being associated with plant or fungi.

The process used to fix N by asymbiotic organisms is highly energy intensive. The enzyme that serves as the fixation facilitator in bacteria is nitrogenase. To convert on molecule of N2 to one molecule of NH3, this required 16 ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecules (the chemical fuel for many biological reactions) and 8 electrons. This compares to only 5 ATP to produce one peptide bond in the production amino acids, which is classified itself as a ‘high energy requirement’ (Smercina et al., 2019).

The energy required by asymbiotic organisms to fix N may come from a variety of sources depending on their spatial presence in the surface soil biome. The sources may consist of soil organic matter, and intermediary compounds during the process of plant/animal decay, or the decay of other microorganisms. A rich source of energy also comes from root exudates of growing plants. If N-fixing organisms are active inside living plant tissue, the energy for N-fixation has to come from the plant itself.

Lately, biological-based products have been marketed to enhance crop production. One class of products essentially consists of seed inoculants whose marketers claim they will either infect the seed, which enables them to perform N-Fixation functions similar to Rhizobia in legumes, or to inhabit the immediate soil outside the root (the rhizosphere) and use plant-root exudates as food-stuffs, enabling the N-fixing organisms to fix N from the air. There is much more marketing information available to corn growers on these products than there is availability of published unbiased data from the North Central Region (NCR) of the U.S.

Trials to determine the yield benefit from one or more of these products added to different rates of N fertilizer were conducted by researchers from most of the land-grant universities in the NCR through the 2022 growing season to determine their possible value to farmers.

Overall summary – sixty-one site years of N rate trials with and without the use of biological N fixing products were conducted in corn, spring wheat, sugar beet and canola in 10 states including Kansas within the NCR. Of the 61 site-years, 59 site-years had no yield increase with use of the product over N rate alone. Two site-years in corn had yield increases due to product use over the N rates alone. Given the low rate of positive benefits to the use of these products, growers should be skeptical of products that claim to provide asymbiotic/nonsymbiotic N-fixation for the purpose of allowing a farmer to decrease fertilizer N rate. It is good for farmers to be curious; however, the wise grower needs to test products of interest on their own farm in a replicated manner and search for unbiased data on product performance before using them on whole fields. There is a recently published primer on how one might conduct on-farm research. Titled “Promoting adoption of precision nitrogen management technologies through on-farm research” by Thompson et al., 2022.

This information came from NDSU Extension publication SF2080 (April 2023).

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Asymbiotic or non-symbiotic N-Fixing organisms, usually species of bacteria, have the ability to ‘fix’ nitrogen (N) from the atmosphere where it is abundant as N2 gas, and produce NH3 without being associated with plant or fungi.The process used to fix N by asymbiotic organisms is highly energy intensive. The enzyme that serves as the fixation facilitator in bacteria is nitrogenase. To convert on molecule of N2 to one molecule of NH3, this required 16 ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecules (the chemical fuel for many biological reactions) and 8 electrons. This compares to only 5 ATP to produce one peptide bond in the production amino acids, which is classified itself as a ‘high energy requirement’ (Smercina et al., 2019).The energy required by asymbiotic organisms to fix N may come from a variety of sources depending on their spatial presence in the surface soil biome. The sources may consist of soil organic matter, and intermediary compounds during the process of plant/animal decay, or the decay of other microorganisms. A rich source of energy also comes from root exudates of growing plants. If N-fixing organisms are active inside living plant tissue, the energy for N-fixation has to come from the plant itself.Lately, biological-based products have been marketed to enhance crop production. One class of products essentially consists of seed inoculants whose marketers claim they will either infect the seed, which enables them to perform N-Fixation functions similar to Rhizobia in legumes, or to inhabit the immediate soil outside the root (the rhizosphere) and use plant-root exudates as food-stuffs, enabling the N-fixing organisms to fix N from the air. There is much more marketing information available to corn growers on these products than there is availability of published unbiased data from the North Central Region (NCR) of the U.S.Trials to determine the yield benefit from one or more of these products added to different rates of N fertilizer were conducted by researchers from most of the land-grant universities in the NCR through the 2022 growing season to determine their possible value to farmers.Overall summary – sixty-one site years of N rate trials with and without the use of biological N fixing products were conducted in corn, spring wheat, sugar beet and canola in 10 states including Kansas within the NCR. Of the 61 site-years, 59 site-years had no yield increase with use of the product over N rate alone. Two site-years in corn had yield increases due to product use over the N rates alone. Given the low rate of positive benefits to the use of these products, growers should be skeptical of products that claim to provide asymbiotic/nonsymbiotic N-fixation for the purpose of allowing a farmer to decrease fertilizer N rate. It is good for farmers to be curious; however, the wise grower needs to test products of interest on their own farm in a replicated manner and search for unbiased data on product performance before using them on whole fields. There is a recently published primer on how one might conduct on-farm research. Titled “Promoting adoption of precision nitrogen management technologies through on-farm research” by Thompson et al., 2022.This information came from NDSU Extension publication SF2080 (April 2023).Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Performance of N-fixing products in crop production

It’s no coincidence that Kansas State University wildlife expert Drew Ricketts’ phone rings a bit more often this time of year with residents feeling a little bit batty.

The dark, flying mammals come out of hibernation beginning in May and are more active through August. Ricketts says he gets phone calls from “people who are also starting to detect signs that they might have bats living in the house.”

So long as the bats are not in the home’s main living space, Ricketts might suggest leaving them alone. That's because some control measures could create a bigger issue.

“If the bats are in the attic, or they’re living in the upper portion of the house, it’s really hard to go in there and actually find all of those bats, catch them effectively and try to take them back outside the house,” Ricketts said. “So, that’s not the way we do it.”

The most efficient way, he notes, is to install a ‘bat excluder’ or ‘bat valve’ in a spot where the homeowner believes the bats are getting in.

“These can be a homemade device made out of an insect type material that we staple really tightly around the entryway and then it hangs down,” Ricketts said. “The bats can get out, but they can’t figure out how to get back under the device to get back in.”

Doing so, keeps that bat out of the attic, but it may not resolve the problem. Bat babies – called pups – are often born in April or early May, and are unable to fly through at least August. If the female can’t get back in to feed its pups, they are likely going to starve to death.

“When those pups die in the attic, that creates odor issues,” Ricketts said. “It’s also a sanitary issue. So when we do have a maternal colony in the attic…as long as they’re not getting into the living space of the house, really the best thing to do is to wait until August and put those bat excluders up there so they can fly out.”

Ricketts said there are some protected species and some endangered species of bats in Kansas. For that reason, homeowners may opt to hire a certified control company to remove the bats outside the May through August timeframe.

Another reason homeowners shouldn’t attempt the job themselves: Bats can carry rabies.

“Bats have got really small mouths, and it’s very easy for a bat to bite you and you not know it,” Ricketts said. “So if you do have bats in the living space, you need to get those caught and moved out. If there is every anybody in the room that can’t say with 100% certainty that the bat has not been on me, then it’s important to collect that bat and submit it for rabies testing.”

If a bat bite is suspected, or you can’t be absolutely sure if you’ve been bitten, see a medical professional or county health department official immediately.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>It’s no coincidence that Kansas State University wildlife expert Drew Ricketts’ phone rings a bit more often this time of year with residents feeling a little bit batty.The dark, flying mammals come out of hibernation beginning in May and are more active through August. Ricketts says he gets phone calls from “people who are also starting to detect signs that they might have bats living in the house.”So long as the bats are not in the home’s main living space, Ricketts might suggest leaving them alone. That's because some control measures could create a bigger issue.“If the bats are in the attic, or they’re living in the upper portion of the house, it’s really hard to go in there and actually find all of those bats, catch them effectively and try to take them back outside the house,” Ricketts said. “So, that’s not the way we do it.”The most efficient way, he notes, is to install a ‘bat excluder’ or ‘bat valve’ in a spot where the homeowner believes the bats are getting in.“These can be a homemade device made out of an insect type material that we staple really tightly around the entryway and then it hangs down,” Ricketts said. “The bats can get out, but they can’t figure out how to get back under the device to get back in.”Doing so, keeps that bat out of the attic, but it may not resolve the problem. Bat babies – called pups – are often born in April or early May, and are unable to fly through at least August. If the female can’t get back in to feed its pups, they are likely going to starve to death.“When those pups die in the attic, that creates odor issues,” Ricketts said. “It’s also a sanitary issue. So when we do have a maternal colony in the attic…as long as they’re not getting into the living space of the house, really the best thing to do is to wait until August and put those bat excluders up there so they can fly out.”Ricketts said there are some protected species and some endangered species of bats in Kansas. For that reason, homeowners may opt to hire a certified control company to remove the bats outside the May through August timeframe.Another reason homeowners shouldn’t attempt the job themselves: Bats can carry rabies.“Bats have got really small mouths, and it’s very easy for a bat to bite you and you not know it,” Ricketts said. “So if you do have bats in the living space, you need to get those caught and moved out. If there is every anybody in the room that can’t say with 100% certainty that the bat has not been on me, then it’s important to collect that bat and submit it for rabies testing.”If a bat bite is suspected, or you can’t be absolutely sure if you’ve been bitten, see a medical professional or county health department official immediately.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Removing bats from the house

The Kansas Senior Farmer’s Market Nutrition Program is set to kick off on June 3. 2024. Are you at least 60 years old and meet income guidelines? Are you 55 years old and a member of an Indian Tribal Organization? Then you might qualify to receive free fruits, vegetables, cut herbs and honey from local farmers markets. Eligibility is determined by household size, but benefits are distributed individually, meaning any others in your household also meeting the age and income requirements may apply for and receive their own benefits.

1. Age: A senior must be 60 years old or older, or at least 55 years old and a member of an Indian Tribal Organization, on the day the coupons are issued.

Benefits are given out on a first-come, first-serve basis. If you qualify you will receive a booklet of 10, $5 coupons for a one-time annual benefit of $50 to purchase eligible foods from authorized farmers.

Goals of the Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program include:

· Increase consumption of fruits and vegetables for optimal health

· Increase direct marketing of Kansas foods

· Provide resources in the form of fresh, nutritious, unprepared, locally grown fruits, vegetables, herbs and honey from farmers markets to low income seniors

· Increase the domestic consumption of agricultural commodities by expanding or aiding in the expansion of domestic farmers markets

· Develop or aid in the development of new and additional farmers markets

The Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program is a project of the United States Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service. The program is coordinated by the Kansas Department of Health and

Environment (KDHE), which is collaborating with local partners to identify and distribute checks to eligible seniors.

To apply in Ellis County please come down to the Cottonwood Extension office located at 601 Main Street and fill out an application. The office is open 8am-12 noon and 1-5pm. To apply in Barton County please contact the Barton County Health Department located at 1300 Kansas Avenue from 9am-5pm. 620-793-1902.

If an individual cannot come into the office to fill out the paperwork they can appoint someone as a proxy to help them apply as well as pick up the produce for them. Please let us know if you have any other questions at the contact information below.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>The Kansas Senior Farmer’s Market Nutrition Program is set to kick off on June 3. 2024. Are you at least 60 years old and meet income guidelines? Are you 55 years old and a member of an Indian Tribal Organization? Then you might qualify to receive free fruits, vegetables, cut herbs and honey from local farmers markets. Eligibility is determined by household size, but benefits are distributed individually, meaning any others in your household also meeting the age and income requirements may apply for and receive their own benefits.Eligibility Criteria1. Age: A senior must be 60 years old or older, or at least 55 years old and a member of an Indian Tribal Organization, on the day the coupons are issued.2. Income:<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2024/5/1716216431725.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Benefits are given out on a first-come, first-serve basis. If you qualify you will receive a booklet of 10, $5 coupons for a one-time annual benefit of $50 to purchase eligible foods from authorized farmers.Goals of the Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program include:· Increase consumption of fruits and vegetables for optimal health· Increase direct marketing of Kansas foods· Provide resources in the form of fresh, nutritious, unprepared, locally grown fruits, vegetables, herbs and honey from farmers markets to low income seniors· Increase the domestic consumption of agricultural commodities by expanding or aiding in the expansion of domestic farmers markets· Develop or aid in the development of new and additional farmers marketsThe Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program is a project of the United States Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service. The program is coordinated by the Kansas Department of Health andEnvironment (KDHE), which is collaborating with local partners to identify and distribute checks to eligible seniors.To apply in Ellis County please come down to the Cottonwood Extension office located at 601 Main Street and fill out an application. The office is open 8am-12 noon and 1-5pm. To apply in Barton County please contact the Barton County Health Department located at 1300 Kansas Avenue from 9am-5pm. 620-793-1902.If an individual cannot come into the office to fill out the paperwork they can appoint someone as a proxy to help them apply as well as pick up the produce for them. Please let us know if you have any other questions at the contact information below.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: Kansas Senior Farmer’s Market Nutrition Program

Sometimes, the simplest things can help families stay within their monthly budget.

There are, for certain, common ways to save a few bucks this summer: turn down the air conditioner a tad, shut off the lights when you leave a room, watch less TV, draw the curtains when the sun is shining in.

But maybe there’s another way to think about saving money.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Sometimes, the simplest things can help families stay within their monthly budget.There are, for certain, common ways to save a few bucks this summer: turn down the air conditioner a tad, shut off the lights when you leave a room, watch less TV, draw the curtains when the sun is shining in.But maybe there’s another way to think about saving money.We’re coming into the longer days of summer, so think about what we can do outside that might not cost so much money, especially before it gets really hot. Maybe it’s just walking around the neighborhood, hanging out with your family outside in the yard. There are a lot of activities you can do instead of ‘doing something’ or ‘going somewhere’ that costs money.During the recent COVID pandemic, the ‘Stay-cation’ became more popular, as families were forced to stay home rather than travel for vacation. The concept caught on, and even as the world opened up, many saw value in planning activities around their home base.It’s a lot less stressful than traveling, and it’s a chance to unwind. Sometimes we schedule a vacation thinking we’ve got to go somewhere and we’ve got to do something and be active and that involves a lot of eating out and traveling. But there’s nothing wrong with staying around the house and doing some project, or just relaxing.Another idea is visiting someplace close by that is unique and doesn’t involve much travel or eating out. We can always pack some food to take along especially for breakfast or lunch. And save the eating out for dinner.Feeling time- or money-stretched is a sign that one needs to slow down and think about how they’re spending their time. It often can coincide with a boost to the family’s savings account.When thinking about managing a family’s resources, it includes intentional, thoughtful choices that we all can make, but sometimes we get on auto pilot. Maybe we go to the grocery store and buy the same thing every week. That’s an opportunity for us to intentionally review what we’re regularly buying and eating.There are rhythms and rituals. The rhythm of your day, the rhythm of your week and year. And then we have rituals, which are more like the daily things we do. It’s important to match the rhythms of your life to the rituals that you want in order to have a good life, and I think planning ahead can be very helpful to cut down on the stress in your life.Food costs always seem to rise to the forefront when thinking of saving money. Planning menus each week can help consumers cut the bite of rising costs at the grocery store.This is not all so serious that you can’t have any fun or you can’t have any treats. I think it gets back to intentionality of what it is you’re trying to accomplish.Finances are a process.There are ebbs and flows in managing money. We have different needs and wants. We have different income levels over time and across our lives. And so, it’s not like you make a plan that lasts forever. You plan and see how it works, and then adjust from there.More information on personal well-being, including family resource management, is also available at local extension offices in Kansas.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.&nbsp;K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.