Another school year has come to an end but that does not mean that a family schedule is impossible. Yes, it will be important to give your kids some down time in between their ball practices or swimming lessons. But do make an effort to limit screen time either in front of the TV or any of the other electronic devices that many children are literally glued to.

A Facebook friend of mine posted a neat suggestion for families titled, “School Holiday Rules.” I have shared the information with parents who have appreciated having something that can be printed off and followed. While it does require a parent to help enforce the rules, I love the concept. So here goes with some suggested “School Holiday Rules.”

Children may have as much time on the iPad or TV as long as all of the following jobs have been completed BEFORE they turn on the screen.

- Made your bed - Eaten breakfast (the most important meal of the day) - Gotten dressed - Brushed teeth - Brushed hair - 20 minutes of reading - 20 minutes of writing or coloring - Clean up 1 room (TV room or bedroom) - Played outside for 30 minutes - Made or built something creative (Lego, craft, sand, etc.….) - Helped someone in the family (Ask if there is a job you can do, if you cannot think of something yourself)

The way I have it figured, a child who completes this list will have spent at least 3 and a half hours in productive and perhaps creative activity. They may find that the book they are reading is so enticing that they can’t put it down, or that their outdoor activity they have chosen is great fun.

It takes me back to my own childhood when our summer schedule looked quite similar. But it would have included at least one hour of work in the garden and when I was old enough a three-hour block to mow the grass when needed. Of course, there were 4-H projects to work on and occasionally driving the tractor to pick up hay bales.

I will post the rules on our Cottonwood Extension District website. I printed the “School Holiday Rules” on hot pink paper so they will really stand out on the refrigerator or bathroom mirror. If you decide to adopt these rules in your household let me know how it goes. And have a great summer!

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Another school year has come to an end but that does not mean that a family schedule is impossible. Yes, it will be important to give your kids some down time in between their ball practices or swimming lessons. But do make an effort to limit screen time either in front of the TV or any of the other electronic devices that many children are literally glued to.A Facebook friend of mine posted a neat suggestion for families titled, “School Holiday Rules.” I have shared the information with parents who have appreciated having something that can be printed off and followed. While it does require a parent to help enforce the rules, I love the concept. So here goes with some suggested “School Holiday Rules.”Children may have as much time on the iPad or TV as long as all of the following jobs have been completed BEFORE they turn on the screen.- Made your bed - Eaten breakfast (the most important meal of the day) - Gotten dressed - Brushed teeth - Brushed hair - 20 minutes of reading - 20 minutes of writing or coloring - Clean up 1 room (TV room or bedroom) - Played outside for 30 minutes - Made or built something creative (Lego, craft, sand, etc.….) - Helped someone in the family (Ask if there is a job you can do, if you cannot think of something yourself)The way I have it figured, a child who completes this list will have spent at least 3 and a half hours in productive and perhaps creative activity. They may find that the book they are reading is so enticing that they can’t put it down, or that their outdoor activity they have chosen is great fun.It takes me back to my own childhood when our summer schedule looked quite similar. But it would have included at least one hour of work in the garden and when I was old enough a three-hour block to mow the grass when needed. Of course, there were 4-H projects to work on and occasionally driving the tractor to pick up hay bales.I will post the rules on our Cottonwood Extension District website. I printed the “School Holiday Rules” on hot pink paper so they will really stand out on the refrigerator or bathroom mirror. If you decide to adopt these rules in your household let me know how it goes. And have a great summer!Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider.

KRUG: Summer rules for kids

Many people mistake little barley (Hordeum pusillum) for a little foxtail because the foxtail and little barley seedheads are similar. However, little barley is a winter annual that comes up in late September - October and spends the winter as a small plant. It thrives in the cooler spring temperatures, forms seed heads, and dies out usually by July. Foxtail, on the other hand, is a summer annual that does well in hot weather. Also, foxtail will not produce seedheads until mid-to late-summer. So, why are we talking about little barley now? Because now is NOT the time to control it unless it is in an area where a non-selective herbicide that kills everything such as glyphosate (Roundup) can be used. The best control for little barley in turf is a thick lawn that is mowed high enough that sunlight does not hit the soil. Little barley seed will not germinate in such conditions. Overseeding in early September can thicken up a tall fescue lawn and prevent a little barley infestation. However, if you do not plan to overseed even though the lawn is a bit thin, preemergence herbicides can be used to provide at least partial control of this weed. The only preemergence herbicide that I know is labeled specifically for little barley is&nbsp; Weed Impede by Monterey Lawn and Garden. Weed Impede can only be used on warm-season grasses (bermudagrass, buffalograss, zoysiagrass) and tall fescue that is grown in warm-season areas such as Kansas. However, Dimension (dithiopyr) a pre-emergent, is labeled for barley (Herodium spp.) which would include little barley and therefore can be used to keep this weed under control. Because little barley is a winter annual, apply the preemergence herbicide about mid-September and water in to activate. If overseeding, do not apply any preemergence herbicide as it will interfere with the germination of tall fescue. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="written by: Lauren Fick - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Lauren Fick - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Many people mistake little barley (Hordeum pusillum) for a little foxtail because the foxtail and little barley seedheads are similar. However, little barley is a winter annual that comes up in late September - October and spends the winter as a small plant. It thrives in the cooler spring temperatures, forms seed heads, and dies out usually by July. Foxtail, on the other hand, is a summer annual that does well in hot weather. Also, foxtail will not produce seedheads until mid-to late-summer. So, why are we talking about little barley now? Because now is NOT the time to control it unless it is in an area where a non-selective herbicide that kills everything such as glyphosate (Roundup) can be used. The best control for little barley in turf is a thick lawn that is mowed high enough that sunlight does not hit the soil. Little barley seed will not germinate in such conditions. Overseeding in early September can thicken up a tall fescue lawn and prevent a little barley infestation. However, if you do not plan to overseed even though the lawn is a bit thin, preemergence herbicides can be used to provide at least partial control of this weed. The only preemergence herbicide that I know is labeled specifically for little barley is&nbsp; Weed Impede by Monterey Lawn and Garden. Weed Impede can only be used on warm-season grasses (bermudagrass, buffalograss, zoysiagrass) and tall fescue that is grown in warm-season areas such as Kansas. However, Dimension (dithiopyr) a pre-emergent, is labeled for barley (Herodium spp.) which would include little barley and therefore can be used to keep this weed under control. Because little barley is a winter annual, apply the preemergence herbicide about mid-September and water in to activate. If overseeding, do not apply any preemergence herbicide as it will interfere with the germination of tall fescue. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

FICK: Little barley in lawns

The filing deadline for local elections passed at 12 noon
June 1. Listed below are the names that will be seen on the ballot for this
fall. Write-in candidates will still be viable options but will not be listed
on the ballot. 
 
City of Great Bend Mayor (Elect 1): Cody Schmidt 
Councilmember 1st Ward (Elect 1): Alan Moeder Councilmember 2nd Ward (Elect 1): Chelsea Morris, Jolene Biggs Councilmember 3rd Ward (Elect 1): Cory Urban Councilmember 4th Ward (Elect 1): No one filed

City of Hoisington&nbsp; Mayor (Elect 1): No one filed Councilmember 1st Ward (Elect 1): Becky Steiner Councilmember 2nd Ward (Elect 1): Darren Reinert Councilmember 3rd Ward (Elect 1): James Morris Councilmember 4th Ward (Elect 1): Christina Smith

Ellinwood Mayor (Elect 1): Irlan Fullbright Councilmember (Elect 2): Jon Prescott, Steve Oelke

Claflin Councilmember (Elect 3): Robert Gunder, J.D. Linville, Dustin Daniels, Dorian Hickel, Doug Hubbard

Albert Mayor (Elect 1): No one filed Councilmember (Elect 5): No one filed

Galatia Mayor (Elect 1): No one filed Councilmember (Elect 5): No one filed

Olmitz Councilmember (Elect 3): Joshua Tessendorf, Curtis Bunting

Pawnee Rock Councilmember (Elect 3): Joyce Link, W. Paul Umble, Caitlin Cross

Susank Mayor (Elect 1): No one filed Councilmember (Elect 5): No one filed

Unified School District No. 428 (Great Bend) Board member (Elect 3): Donald Williams, Deanna Essmiller, Jacqueline Disque, Chad Burroughs

Unified School District No. 431 (Hoisington) Board member (Elect 3): Sara Tarlton, Traci Schneider, Kevin Patterson, Shawn Ludwig, Matthew Beaver

Unified School District No. 355 (Ellinwood) Board member (Elect 3): Whitney Asher, Stephen Billinger, Jim Corbett, Craig Merritt

Barton Community College Trustee (Elect 3): Don Learned, John Moshier, Carl Helm, Tricia Reiser, Sonya Rein

Ellinwood Hospital District Trustee (Elect 1): David Gonzalez

Cottonwood Extension District No. 17 Board member (Elect 2): Lori Waters, Rita Stolz, Alexa Straub

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/6/1622558961318.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>The filing deadline for local elections passed at 12 noon
June 1. Listed below are the names that will be seen on the ballot for this
fall. Write-in candidates will still be viable options but will not be listed
on the ballot. 
 
City of Great Bend Mayor (Elect 1): Cody Schmidt 
Councilmember 1st Ward (Elect 1): Alan Moeder Councilmember 2nd Ward (Elect 1): Chelsea Morris, Jolene Biggs Councilmember 3rd Ward (Elect 1): Cory Urban Councilmember 4th Ward (Elect 1): No one filedCity of Hoisington&nbsp; Mayor (Elect 1): No one filed Councilmember 1st Ward (Elect 1): Becky Steiner Councilmember 2nd Ward (Elect 1): Darren Reinert Councilmember 3rd Ward (Elect 1): James Morris Councilmember 4th Ward (Elect 1): Christina SmithEllinwood Mayor (Elect 1): Irlan Fullbright Councilmember (Elect 2): Jon Prescott, Steve OelkeClaflin Councilmember (Elect 3): Robert Gunder, J.D. Linville, Dustin Daniels, Dorian Hickel, Doug HubbardAlbert Mayor (Elect 1): No one filed Councilmember (Elect 5): No one filedGalatia Mayor (Elect 1): No one filed Councilmember (Elect 5): No one filedOlmitz Councilmember (Elect 3): Joshua Tessendorf, Curtis BuntingPawnee Rock Councilmember (Elect 3): Joyce Link, W. Paul Umble, Caitlin CrossSusank Mayor (Elect 1): No one filed Councilmember (Elect 5): No one filedUnified School District No. 428 (Great Bend) Board member (Elect 3): Donald Williams, Deanna Essmiller, Jacqueline Disque, Chad BurroughsUnified School District No. 431 (Hoisington) Board member (Elect 3): Sara Tarlton, Traci Schneider, Kevin Patterson, Shawn Ludwig, Matthew BeaverUnified School District No. 355 (Ellinwood) Board member (Elect 3): Whitney Asher, Stephen Billinger, Jim Corbett, Craig MerrittBarton Community College Trustee (Elect 3): Don Learned, John Moshier, Carl Helm, Tricia Reiser, Sonya ReinEllinwood Hospital District Trustee (Elect 1): David GonzalezCottonwood Extension District No. 17 Board member (Elect 2): Lori Waters, Rita Stolz, Alexa Straub

Candidates who filed for upcoming elections in Barton County

Did you know that May was National Get Caught Reading Month? Wouldn’t summer be a great time to get the reading habit started in your family? I realize I mention this subject often but there is always more to learn about it!

Supporting the healthy development of the young child’s brain is both a tremendous opportunity and an awesome responsibility. There are many things that can be done to support a child’s healthy brain development, beginning before birth and continuing until the child is older. Studies have shown that children who read with their parents usually do better in school.

Simple things such as talking to your baby and interacting face-to-face builds the brain connections needed for both language skills and a healthy emotional bond. Hearing adults read helps the brain develop language connections. It also gives parents and babies a chance to spend time together.

Here are some tips to follow to help make reading together more rewarding: Try to read a book or story to your child every day so it becomes a habit for you and them. Point out the words as you read them and have your child point to them too. As the child gets older, have your children turn the pages for you. Discuss the story as you go along and answer any questions. If your child gets restless, choose another story or postpone the reading until later.

Take your child to the library or bookstore to pick out a book together. When your child brings you a book, read it together as soon as possible. And last but not least, let your child play with books and always have them around.

Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at bunruh@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1588274071306.jpeg" alt="written by: Berny Unruh - Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>written by: Berny Unruh - Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Did you know that May was National Get Caught Reading Month? Wouldn’t summer be a great time to get the reading habit started in your family? I realize I mention this subject often but there is always more to learn about it!Supporting the healthy development of the young child’s brain is both a tremendous opportunity and an awesome responsibility. There are many things that can be done to support a child’s healthy brain development, beginning before birth and continuing until the child is older. Studies have shown that children who read with their parents usually do better in school.Simple things such as talking to your baby and interacting face-to-face builds the brain connections needed for both language skills and a healthy emotional bond. Hearing adults read helps the brain develop language connections. It also gives parents and babies a chance to spend time together.Here are some tips to follow to help make reading together more rewarding: Try to read a book or story to your child every day so it becomes a habit for you and them. Point out the words as you read them and have your child point to them too. As the child gets older, have your children turn the pages for you. Discuss the story as you go along and answer any questions. If your child gets restless, choose another story or postpone the reading until later.Take your child to the library or bookstore to pick out a book together. When your child brings you a book, read it together as soon as possible. And last but not least, let your child play with books and always have them around.Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at bunruh@ksu.edu.

UNRUH: Get caught reading

One of the things I love most about my Extension career is that every day is just a little bit different. Like this past Tuesday, when my day started before 8 with a quick trip to the grocery store to get supplies for a program later in the day. My normal mode of transportation, (bicycle) had to be replaced by our van thanks to early morning showers. But our timing was perfect. As my husband and I were leaving the store, I spotted a cross country cyclist pulling in under the entryway. I smiled and said “Welcome to Kansas.”

For the next 20 minutes we enjoyed learning about our new friends’ cross-country trek that started in Lander, WY, 12 days earlier. Over the course of the next 10 weeks Mike’s plan is to travel east to Richmond, VA, then fly to the west coast and cycle home to Wyoming. We noticed his bike was loaded with camping gear, so we asked where had spent the night. With his late arrival and ensuing storms, he opted for a motel.

If you have traveled along highway 96 you may have noticed the cycling signs which designate we are on the trans-America bike trail. It is exciting for our community of Great Bend to be included on this route. With cycling season upon us, we are sure to see more cross-country cyclists, looking to re-stock their supplies, and get a good night’s rest. Mike was looking forward to buying some fresh veggies and needed some new tubes for his bike tires from our Golden Belt Bicycle shop. He commented how hard it was to find fresh produce early on his trip and how many stickers he encountered in western Kansas!

My husband, John, and I, are active participants on the Be Well Barton County task force. One of our projects has been to develop a campground for cross-country cyclists in the grassy area behind Central Baptist Church. The church installed a bicycle repair station several years ago. Small grants from our Central KS Partnership have been used to repair two picnic tables and provide electrical outlets for cyclists to charge their phones. A kiosk will be added soon that will provide contact information in case of an emergency and a map of services our community offers the cyclists.

We want everyone who visits our communities, to have a positive experience. Each one of us has an opportunity to become engaged in our community and promote the great place we have to live, work and raise a family.

Consider sharing ideas with members of the Be Well Barton County Task force or our Cottonwood Extension District Community Development committee. We would welcome your input. Feel free to give me a call for more information.

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Great Bend office. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>One of the things I love most about my Extension career is that every day is just a little bit different. Like this past Tuesday, when my day started before 8 with a quick trip to the grocery store to get supplies for a program later in the day. My normal mode of transportation, (bicycle) had to be replaced by our van thanks to early morning showers. But our timing was perfect. As my husband and I were leaving the store, I spotted a cross country cyclist pulling in under the entryway. I smiled and said “Welcome to Kansas.”For the next 20 minutes we enjoyed learning about our new friends’ cross-country trek that started in Lander, WY, 12 days earlier. Over the course of the next 10 weeks Mike’s plan is to travel east to Richmond, VA, then fly to the west coast and cycle home to Wyoming. We noticed his bike was loaded with camping gear, so we asked where had spent the night. With his late arrival and ensuing storms, he opted for a motel.If you have traveled along highway 96 you may have noticed the cycling signs which designate we are on the trans-America bike trail. It is exciting for our community of Great Bend to be included on this route. With cycling season upon us, we are sure to see more cross-country cyclists, looking to re-stock their supplies, and get a good night’s rest. Mike was looking forward to buying some fresh veggies and needed some new tubes for his bike tires from our Golden Belt Bicycle shop. He commented how hard it was to find fresh produce early on his trip and how many stickers he encountered in western Kansas!My husband, John, and I, are active participants on the Be Well Barton County task force. One of our projects has been to develop a campground for cross-country cyclists in the grassy area behind Central Baptist Church. The church installed a bicycle repair station several years ago. Small grants from our Central KS Partnership have been used to repair two picnic tables and provide electrical outlets for cyclists to charge their phones. A kiosk will be added soon that will provide contact information in case of an emergency and a map of services our community offers the cyclists.We want everyone who visits our communities, to have a positive experience. Each one of us has an opportunity to become engaged in our community and promote the great place we have to live, work and raise a family.Consider sharing ideas with members of the Be Well Barton County Task force or our Cottonwood Extension District Community Development committee. We would welcome your input. Feel free to give me a call for more information.Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Great Bend office. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu.

KRUG: Are you engaged in your community?

On this episode of the Post Podcast, Cottonwood Extension District Agent Lauren Fick shares tick and mosquito bite prevention tips.

<a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/5dd2f46c897d147ad4bb104b">To find out more about The Post Podcast, or subscribe to mobile&nbsp;</a><a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/5dd2f46c897d147ad4bb104b">notifications click here.</a>

<div><iframe title="Stay safe this summer with these mosquito and tick prevention tips" allowtransparency="true" height="300" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?i=7tce5-10496bf-pb&from=pb6admin&download=1&square=1&share=1&download=1&rtl=0&fonts=Arial&skin=3&btn-skin=3&size=300" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>On this episode of the Post Podcast, Cottonwood Extension District Agent Lauren Fick shares tick and mosquito bite prevention tips.<a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/5dd2f46c897d147ad4bb104b">To find out more about The Post Podcast, or subscribe to mobile&nbsp;</a><a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/5dd2f46c897d147ad4bb104b">notifications click here.</a>

🎙Post Podcast: Stay safe this summer with these mosquito and tick prevention tips

June is the time to fertilize warm-season lawn grasses such as bermudagrass, buffalograss, and zoysiagrass. These species all thrive in warmer summer weather, so this is the time they respond best to fertilization. The most important nutrient is nitrogen (N), and these three species need it in varying amounts.

Bermudagrass requires the most nitrogen. High-quality Bermuda stands need about 4 lbs. nitrogen per 1,000 sq. ft. during the season (low maintenance areas can get by on 2 lbs.). Apply this as four separate applications, about 4 weeks apart, of 1 lb. N per 1,000 sq. ft. starting in early May. It is already too late for the May application, but the June application is just around the corner. The nitrogen can come from either a quick- or slow-release source. So any lawn fertilizer will work. Plan the last application no later than August 15. This helps ensure the bermudagrass is not overstimulated, making it susceptible to winter kill.

Zoysiagrass grows more slowly than bermudagrass and is prone to develop thatch. &nbsp;Consequently, it does not need as much nitrogen. In fact, too much is worse than too little. One and one-half to 2 pounds N per 1,000 sq. ft. during the season is sufficient. Split the total in two and apply once in early June and again around mid-July. Slow-release nitrogen is preferable but quick-release is acceptable. Slow-release nitrogen is sometimes listed as “slowly available” or “water insoluble.”​

Buffalograss requires the least nitrogen of all lawn species commonly grown in Kansas. It will survive and persist with no supplemental nitrogen but giving it one lb. N per 1,000 sq. ft. will improve color and density. This application should be made in early June. For a little darker color, fertilize it as described for zoysiagrass in the previous paragraph, but do not apply more than a total of 2 lb. N per 1,000 sq. ft. in one season. &nbsp;As with zoysia, slow-release nitrogen is preferable, but fast-release is also OK. As for all turfgrasses, phosphorus and potassium are best applied according to soil test results because many soils already have adequate amounts of these nutrients for turfgrass growth. If you need to apply phosphorus or potassium, it is best to core aerate beforehand to ensure the nutrients reach the roots. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at lfick@k-state.edu or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.&nbsp;&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="written by: Lauren Fick - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Lauren Fick - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>June is the time to fertilize warm-season lawn grasses such as bermudagrass, buffalograss, and zoysiagrass. These species all thrive in warmer summer weather, so this is the time they respond best to fertilization. The most important nutrient is nitrogen (N), and these three species need it in varying amounts. Bermudagrass requires the most nitrogen. High-quality Bermuda stands need about 4 lbs. nitrogen per 1,000 sq. ft. during the season (low maintenance areas can get by on 2 lbs.). Apply this as four separate applications, about 4 weeks apart, of 1 lb. N per 1,000 sq. ft. starting in early May. It is already too late for the May application, but the June application is just around the corner. The nitrogen can come from either a quick- or slow-release source. So any lawn fertilizer will work. Plan the last application no later than August 15. This helps ensure the bermudagrass is not overstimulated, making it susceptible to winter kill. Zoysiagrass grows more slowly than bermudagrass and is prone to develop thatch. &nbsp;Consequently, it does not need as much nitrogen. In fact, too much is worse than too little. One and one-half to 2 pounds N per 1,000 sq. ft. during the season is sufficient. Split the total in two and apply once in early June and again around mid-July. Slow-release nitrogen is preferable but quick-release is acceptable. Slow-release nitrogen is sometimes listed as “slowly available” or “water insoluble.”​Buffalograss requires the least nitrogen of all lawn species commonly grown in Kansas. It will survive and persist with no supplemental nitrogen but giving it one lb. N per 1,000 sq. ft. will improve color and density. This application should be made in early June. For a little darker color, fertilize it as described for zoysiagrass in the previous paragraph, but do not apply more than a total of 2 lb. N per 1,000 sq. ft. in one season. &nbsp;As with zoysia, slow-release nitrogen is preferable, but fast-release is also OK. As for all turfgrasses, phosphorus and potassium are best applied according to soil test results because many soils already have adequate amounts of these nutrients for turfgrass growth. If you need to apply phosphorus or potassium, it is best to core aerate beforehand to ensure the nutrients reach the roots. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at lfick@k-state.edu or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.&nbsp;&nbsp;

​FICK: Time to fertilize warm-season grasses

Summer is almost here and that means kids will be eating more meals and snacks at home. Keeping those meals and snacks healthy over the summer can be easy with a little planning. Following the MyPlate food guide system for healthy eating reminds us that half of your plate should be filled with fruits and vegetables. A generous portion of whole grains and a small portion of lean protein, plus a calcium rich food choice, round out the healthy plate.

When my kids were growing up and now when we spend time with our grandkids, it makes me smile when I see their eagerness with eating fresh fruit and vegetables. I often hear mom’s say that their kids hate vegetables. My answer to them is “Do your kids really hate vegetables, or have you given them a chance to love them?” In the curriculum, Food is Elementary, by Dr. Antonia Demas, students are allowed to first smell the food and then slowly taste new whole foods. When kids are involved in selecting and preparing vegetables they are more likely to eat them. Try preparing vegetables in a variety of ways, from raw, to lightly steamed, to stir fried. Children follow adult examples, so make sure they see you enjoying your veggies too.

The task of eating more fresh vegetables and fruits is easier when you keep a good supply of choices on hand. Soon our farmers markets will be open with some great choices of locally grown produce. Late cold weather pushed back the planting of many gardens but hopefully now that it has warmed up you are still thinking about planting something. Research shows that when kids learn about vegetables and fruits by growing them, they are more likely to eat them.

Take time now that school is winding down, to sit down with your kids and get them involved in meal planning. Make a deal with them to try one new vegetable every week of the summer and you will expand their healthy plate. As the kids get older you can offer age appropriate chores related to meal preparation and serving. Giving children choices when it comes to what is served gives them a sense of ownership. If a new food is not liked the first time it is offered, wait a couple of weeks and try again with the food prepared in a different way.

If anyone reading this would like ideas on foods to prepare with youngsters, I hope you will take a few minutes and check out the following website: https://www.myplate.gov/myplate-kitchen There are some excellent kid-friendly recipes, many that can be prepared in 30 minutes or less. There is an option on the website to save your favorite recipes and create a cookbook that is saved in a file or printed off.

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Summer is almost here and that means kids will be eating more meals and snacks at home. Keeping those meals and snacks healthy over the summer can be easy with a little planning. Following the MyPlate food guide system for healthy eating reminds us that half of your plate should be filled with fruits and vegetables. A generous portion of whole grains and a small portion of lean protein, plus a calcium rich food choice, round out the healthy plate.When my kids were growing up and now when we spend time with our grandkids, it makes me smile when I see their eagerness with eating fresh fruit and vegetables. I often hear mom’s say that their kids hate vegetables. My answer to them is “Do your kids really hate vegetables, or have you given them a chance to love them?” In the curriculum, Food is Elementary, by Dr. Antonia Demas, students are allowed to first smell the food and then slowly taste new whole foods. When kids are involved in selecting and preparing vegetables they are more likely to eat them. Try preparing vegetables in a variety of ways, from raw, to lightly steamed, to stir fried. Children follow adult examples, so make sure they see you enjoying your veggies too.The task of eating more fresh vegetables and fruits is easier when you keep a good supply of choices on hand. Soon our farmers markets will be open with some great choices of locally grown produce. Late cold weather pushed back the planting of many gardens but hopefully now that it has warmed up you are still thinking about planting something. Research shows that when kids learn about vegetables and fruits by growing them, they are more likely to eat them.Take time now that school is winding down, to sit down with your kids and get them involved in meal planning. Make a deal with them to try one new vegetable every week of the summer and you will expand their healthy plate. As the kids get older you can offer age appropriate chores related to meal preparation and serving. Giving children choices when it comes to what is served gives them a sense of ownership. If a new food is not liked the first time it is offered, wait a couple of weeks and try again with the food prepared in a different way.If anyone reading this would like ideas on foods to prepare with youngsters, I hope you will take a few minutes and check out the following website: https://www.myplate.gov/myplate-kitchen There are some excellent kid-friendly recipes, many that can be prepared in 30 minutes or less. There is an option on the website to save your favorite recipes and create a cookbook that is saved in a file or printed off.Have a fun summer in the kitchen!Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu.

KRUG: Kids and vegetables

The cooler wet weather has been good for our wheat, but also very conducive for a fungus in wheat called stripe rust. Late last week and early this week. I have been able to find trace to low amounts of stripe rust mainly in the lower canopy in susceptible varieties in both Ellis and Barton Counties. As I am writing this article, I strongly suspect that stripe rust will continue to increase, especially given the extended weather forecast. So scouting your wheat fields is advised.

Stripe rust is most yield-limiting when it advances to the upper canopy, particularly the flag leaf. The risk of stripe rust causing yield loss is a function of three things:

1. Timing of first local disease detection in relation to crop growth stage (earlier detection = higher risk)

2. Weather conditions: specifically, moisture and relative humidity after first detection

3. Variety genetics: varieties with better resistance ratings will, in general, benefit less from a fungicide application. Variety ratings can be found in the K-State Wheat Variety Disease and Insect Rating Guide: https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF991.pdf

Scouting is a critical first step for stripe rust control. Fungicide applications are most beneficial when the level of disease in the field is below 10% severity. University research has demonstrated that applications that protect the fully emerged flag leaf (between Feekes 8 and Feekes 10) are most effective. Applications applied prior to flag leaf emergence will not adequately protect the flag leaf or the head. Always check and follow product label recommendations to ensure full compliance with growth-stage limitations and pre-harvest intervals.

There are many products that are rated very good or excellent for stripe rust control (http://www.bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/EP130.pdf), but it is important to know that fungicides in the strobilurin family (Group 11) are not as effective when applied as single product after symptoms have already appeared.

The products listed in the K-State fungicide efficacy publication will generally provide at least 14-21 days of protection. This can vary between products and is also influenced by environmental conditions.

The decision to apply a fungicide should be balanced with the yield potential of the crop, variety disease rating and current grain price. Fields with the potential to yield greater than 40 bushels per acre should be prioritized for a fungicide application.

If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to give me a call, 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/5/1621099033810.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>The cooler wet weather has been good for our wheat, but also very conducive for a fungus in wheat called stripe rust. Late last week and early this week. I have been able to find trace to low amounts of stripe rust mainly in the lower canopy in susceptible varieties in both Ellis and Barton Counties. As I am writing this article, I strongly suspect that stripe rust will continue to increase, especially given the extended weather forecast. So scouting your wheat fields is advised.Stripe rust is most yield-limiting when it advances to the upper canopy, particularly the flag leaf. The risk of stripe rust causing yield loss is a function of three things:1. Timing of first local disease detection in relation to crop growth stage (earlier detection = higher risk)2. Weather conditions: specifically, moisture and relative humidity after first detection3. Variety genetics: varieties with better resistance ratings will, in general, benefit less from a fungicide application. Variety ratings can be found in the K-State Wheat Variety Disease and Insect Rating Guide: https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF991.pdfScouting is a critical first step for stripe rust control. Fungicide applications are most beneficial when the level of disease in the field is below 10% severity. University research has demonstrated that applications that protect the fully emerged flag leaf (between Feekes 8 and Feekes 10) are most effective. Applications applied prior to flag leaf emergence will not adequately protect the flag leaf or the head. Always check and follow product label recommendations to ensure full compliance with growth-stage limitations and pre-harvest intervals.There are many products that are rated very good or excellent for stripe rust control (http://www.bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/EP130.pdf), but it is important to know that fungicides in the strobilurin family (Group 11) are not as effective when applied as single product after symptoms have already appeared.The products listed in the K-State fungicide efficacy publication will generally provide at least 14-21 days of protection. This can vary between products and is also influenced by environmental conditions.The decision to apply a fungicide should be balanced with the yield potential of the crop, variety disease rating and current grain price. Fields with the potential to yield greater than 40 bushels per acre should be prioritized for a fungicide application.If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to give me a call, 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Stripe rust update

I missed writing about Mother’s Day in last week’s column and I also missed National Women’s Health Week which was celebrated May 9-15. I decided to make up for it in this week’s column. It is never too late to take steps to better health.

I would like to speak to all mothers and women and ask, “Are you taking good care of yourself?” If we think about all the important things that women in the family take care of, what would happen if they were not around to get those details taken care of? The purpose of Women’s Health Week is a reminder for women and girls to make their health a priority and take care of themselves.

Some offices were closed during the pandemic and appointments were cancelled or postponed. If you or any member of your family missed important preventive health care appointments during the last year, now is the time to get those rescheduled.

It is recommended that all women get a well-woman check every year. Although not everything can be taken care of in one appointment, your physician, nurse practitioner or physician assistant will discuss a schedule for PAP smears, mammograms, and colon screenings. If you have health concerns such as high blood pressure, asthma, or diabetes it is even more important to get to appointments on a regular basis.

It is important for all women to choose heart-healthy foods such as fruits and vegetables. A great place to get assistance planning meals for the family is at www.myplate.gov Another option is to download the app Start Simple with MyPlate. Information for the life stages from infants through older adults is available for the public to use.

Most importantly don’t forget to take care of your mental health. Stay connected with family and friends. Set aside some time to focus on your needs and participate in some activity that you enjoy. Taking care of yourself will allow you to continue to take care of your family and others who depend on you. More information can be found at www.womenshealth.gov

If you are experiencing extreme stress and need help, reach out to your primary care physician or call SAMHSA’s National helpline 1-800-662-HELP (4357). This is a free, confidential, 24/7, 365-day-a-year information service and treatment referral for individuals and families facing mental health and/or substance use disorders.

Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at bunruh@ksu.edu

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1588274071306.jpeg" alt="written by: Berny Unruh - Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>written by: Berny Unruh - Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>I missed writing about Mother’s Day in last week’s column and I also missed National Women’s Health Week which was celebrated May 9-15. I decided to make up for it in this week’s column. It is never too late to take steps to better health.I would like to speak to all mothers and women and ask, “Are you taking good care of yourself?” If we think about all the important things that women in the family take care of, what would happen if they were not around to get those details taken care of? The purpose of Women’s Health Week is a reminder for women and girls to make their health a priority and take care of themselves.Some offices were closed during the pandemic and appointments were cancelled or postponed. If you or any member of your family missed important preventive health care appointments during the last year, now is the time to get those rescheduled.It is recommended that all women get a well-woman check every year. Although not everything can be taken care of in one appointment, your physician, nurse practitioner or physician assistant will discuss a schedule for PAP smears, mammograms, and colon screenings. If you have health concerns such as high blood pressure, asthma, or diabetes it is even more important to get to appointments on a regular basis.It is important for all women to choose heart-healthy foods such as fruits and vegetables. A great place to get assistance planning meals for the family is at www.myplate.gov Another option is to download the app Start Simple with MyPlate. Information for the life stages from infants through older adults is available for the public to use.Most importantly don’t forget to take care of your mental health. Stay connected with family and friends. Set aside some time to focus on your needs and participate in some activity that you enjoy. Taking care of yourself will allow you to continue to take care of your family and others who depend on you. More information can be found at www.womenshealth.govIf you are experiencing extreme stress and need help, reach out to your primary care physician or call SAMHSA’s National helpline 1-800-662-HELP (4357). This is a free, confidential, 24/7, 365-day-a-year information service and treatment referral for individuals and families facing mental health and/or substance use disorders.Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at bunruh@ksu.edu

UNRUH: Take care of your health

Wheat growers, make plans to attend the Cottonwood Extension District - Barton County Wheat Plot Field Day on Tuesday, May 25 beginning at 8:30 a.m.

Come hear what Extension specialist have to say about each wheat variety, production practices and pest management, and there is always time for questions and discussion.

The location of the field day is 2.5 miles west on W. Barton County Road at the intersection of NW 50th Avenue.

Donuts and refreshments will be provided courtesy of American Ag Credit and Ed Jr. Farm. In case of inclement weather the field day will still be held at American Ag Credit, 5634 10th Street in Great Bend.

All interested people are invited to attend the Cottonwood District – Barton County Wheat Plot Field Day on Tuesday, May 25 beginning at 8:30 a.m.

RSVP is appreciated by Friday, May 21 call 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/5/1620883556515.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Wheat growers, make plans to attend the Cottonwood Extension District - Barton County Wheat Plot Field Day on Tuesday, May 25 beginning at 8:30 a.m.Come hear what Extension specialist have to say about each wheat variety, production practices and pest management, and there is always time for questions and discussion.The location of the field day is 2.5 miles west on W. Barton County Road at the intersection of NW 50th Avenue.Donuts and refreshments will be provided courtesy of American Ag Credit and Ed Jr. Farm. In case of inclement weather the field day will still be held at American Ag Credit, 5634 10th Street in Great Bend.All interested people are invited to attend the Cottonwood District – Barton County Wheat Plot Field Day on Tuesday, May 25 beginning at 8:30 a.m.RSVP is appreciated by Friday, May 21 call 620-793-1910.

Annual Barton County Wheat Plot Field Day, May 25

Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/8/1598739288757.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Stacy CampbellCottonwood Extension District, HaysMay 13, 2021Stripe rust update – May 13, 2021The cooler wet weather has been good for our wheat, but also very conducive for a fungus in wheat called stripe rust. Late last week and early this week. I have been able to find trace to low amounts of stripe rust mainly in the lower canopy in susceptible varieties in both Ellis and Barton Counties. As I am writing this article, I strongly suspect that stripe rust will continue to increase, especially given the extended weather forecast. So scouting your wheat fields is advised.Stripe rust is most yield-limiting when it advances to the upper canopy, particularly the flag leaf. The risk of stripe rust causing yield loss is a function of three things:1. Timing of first local disease detection in relation to crop growth stage (earlier detection = higher risk)2. Weather conditions: specifically, moisture and relative humidity after first detection3. Variety genetics: varieties with better resistance ratings will, in general, benefit less from a fungicide application. Variety ratings can be found in the K-State Wheat Variety Disease and Insect Rating Guide: https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF991.pdfScouting is a critical first step for stripe rust control. Fungicide applications are most beneficial when the level of disease in the field is below 10% severity. University research has demonstrated that applications that protect the fully emerged flag leaf (between Feekes 8 and Feekes 10) are most effective. Applications applied prior to flag leaf emergence will not adequately protect the flag leaf or the head. Always check and follow product label recommendations to ensure full compliance with growth-stage limitations and pre-harvest intervals.There are many products that are rated very good or excellent for stripe rust control (http://www.bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/EP130.pdf), but it is important to know that fungicides in the strobilurin family (Group 11) are not as effective when applied as single product after symptoms have already appeared.The products listed in the K-State fungicide efficacy publication will generally provide at least 14-21 days of protection. This can vary between products and is also influenced by environmental conditions.The decision to apply a fungicide should be balanced with the yield potential of the crop, variety disease rating and current grain price. Fields with the potential to yield greater than 40 bushels per acre should be prioritized for a fungicide application.If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to give me a call, 785-628-9430.Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430.

Stripe Rust

By KEN CARPENTER Great Bend Post

There's a lot more going on with the plants in your yard than you might think. This year's unseasonably cold winter caused a number of plants to die or leaf out at a slower pace than usual.  But the extreme cold may not be the only thing that is going on. 

Lauren Fick, Horticulture Agent with the K-State Research &amp; Extension Cottonwood District said some of the problems may be caused by accumulated stress from past growing seasons.

"I remember in 2018 we had that summer with all of the rain, and we're still starting to see effects from that," Fick said. "Plants that are more drought-tolerant couldn't handle that amount of moisture. It's the same thing with extremely cold or extremely hot. Plants remember stuff like that, and it can take years before we see any damage show up."  

Fick said it's important to help your plants avoid any further stress. That means watering during dry weather, but she says not to overdo it because too much moisture can damage root systems.  The goal is to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged while allowing the top of the soil surface to dry between waterings.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/3/1615826099402.jpg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By KEN CARPENTER Great Bend PostThere's a lot more going on with the plants in your yard than you might think. This year's unseasonably cold winter caused a number of plants to die or leaf out at a slower pace than usual. But the extreme cold may not be the only thing that is going on. Lauren Fick, Horticulture Agent with the K-State Research &amp; Extension Cottonwood District said some of the problems may be caused by accumulated stress from past growing seasons."I remember in 2018 we had that summer with all of the rain, and we're still starting to see effects from that," Fick said. "Plants that are more drought-tolerant couldn't handle that amount of moisture. It's the same thing with extremely cold or extremely hot. Plants remember stuff like that, and it can take years before we see any damage show up." Fick said it's important to help your plants avoid any further stress. That means watering during dry weather, but she says not to overdo it because too much moisture can damage root systems. The goal is to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged while allowing the top of the soil surface to dry between waterings.

Plants can feel stress too

It’s no secret that as we age our senses decline. This is normal and is called age-related sensory decline. Earlier this week I had the opportunity to share the educational program “Gray for a Day” with a group of high school students in their human development class. My presentation provided the young people with an “aha” moment as they thought about family members experiencing losses. I also used my time with them to share my thoughts on living a healthy lifestyle to push back these signs of aging.

The “Gray for a Day” kit contained glasses which simulated what it would be like to have macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, cataracts or glaucoma. Participants who kept the glasses on while doing the rest of the exercises were challenged to do simple tasks like counting out pills (we used beads) to put in a medicine dispenser. I also had the students tape a couple of their fingers together to simulate the stiffness that is experienced with arthritis. Tying a piece of yarn around their partners wrist was no small task when they couldn’t bend fingers.

Ear plugs in their ears and part of a cotton ball in their nose affected their sense of hearing and smell. Breathing through a straw helped participants see what it would feel like if they experienced decreased lung efficiency such as COPD.

The group of high school students stayed engaged throughout the activity. In evaluations I had them fill out, they indicated that it tested their patience. Several others noted they could see how hard it was to do simple functions when people age.

The PowerPoint presentation I opened with, highlighted that beginning in the mid-40’s throughout the 70’s, the senses of hearing, vision, touch, taste and smell begin to decline. However, I pointed out that while sensory decline is normal with increasing age, not everyone will experience it and those who do will experience it in different ways. Many older people adjust quite well and are able to compensate for their sensory losses.

A goal of this program was to help participants develop skills necessary to support someone who may be experiencing age-related sensory and functional challenges. A bonus was to help the students understand how taking steps to improve or maintain their health now will contribute to sensory and functional well-being in the future. Reminding them that their choices of food and exercise now could make a huge difference in the future is the key.

For more information about adult development and aging resources please feel free to give me a call or send an e-mail!

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>It’s no secret that as we age our senses decline. This is normal and is called age-related sensory decline. Earlier this week I had the opportunity to share the educational program “Gray for a Day” with a group of high school students in their human development class. My presentation provided the young people with an “aha” moment as they thought about family members experiencing losses. I also used my time with them to share my thoughts on living a healthy lifestyle to push back these signs of aging.The “Gray for a Day” kit contained glasses which simulated what it would be like to have macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, cataracts or glaucoma. Participants who kept the glasses on while doing the rest of the exercises were challenged to do simple tasks like counting out pills (we used beads) to put in a medicine dispenser. I also had the students tape a couple of their fingers together to simulate the stiffness that is experienced with arthritis. Tying a piece of yarn around their partners wrist was no small task when they couldn’t bend fingers.Ear plugs in their ears and part of a cotton ball in their nose affected their sense of hearing and smell. Breathing through a straw helped participants see what it would feel like if they experienced decreased lung efficiency such as COPD.The group of high school students stayed engaged throughout the activity. In evaluations I had them fill out, they indicated that it tested their patience. Several others noted they could see how hard it was to do simple functions when people age.The PowerPoint presentation I opened with, highlighted that beginning in the mid-40’s throughout the 70’s, the senses of hearing, vision, touch, taste and smell begin to decline. However, I pointed out that while sensory decline is normal with increasing age, not everyone will experience it and those who do will experience it in different ways. Many older people adjust quite well and are able to compensate for their sensory losses.A goal of this program was to help participants develop skills necessary to support someone who may be experiencing age-related sensory and functional challenges. A bonus was to help the students understand how taking steps to improve or maintain their health now will contribute to sensory and functional well-being in the future. Reminding them that their choices of food and exercise now could make a huge difference in the future is the key.For more information about adult development and aging resources please feel free to give me a call or send an e-mail!Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KRUG: Gray for a Day

We are entering storm season and various areas of the state will likely have high winds, excessive rainfall and hail. This column deals with what can be done to help our gardens recover.

Heavy rain: The force of rainfall pounding on the soil can result in a thick crust that prevents seed emergence and partially blocks oxygen from reaching roots. A light scraping after the soil surface has dried is all that is needed to correct these problems. Be careful of deep tilling as it may damage young, tender roots.

Standing water: Standing water cuts off oxygen to the roots, which can result in plant damage if it doesn’t drain quickly enough. Most plants can withstand 24 hours of standing water without harm. Hot, sunny weather can make a bad situation worse by the water becoming hot enough to “cook” the plants. There isn’t much that can be done about this unless a channel can be cut to allow the water to drain.

Hail damage: Plants should recover quickly as long as the leaves only were damaged by the hail as leaves regenerate quickly. The situation becomes much more serious if the stems and fruit were damaged. The plant can recover from a few bruises but if it looks like the plants were mowed down by a weed whip, replanting is in order.&nbsp;

Leaning plants: Either wind or water can cause plants to lean. They should start to straighten after a few days. Don’t try to bend them back as they often break easily. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at lfick@k-state.edu or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.&nbsp;&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="written by: Lauren Fick - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Lauren Fick - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>We are entering storm season and various areas of the state will likely have high winds, excessive rainfall and hail. This column deals with what can be done to help our gardens recover.Heavy rain: The force of rainfall pounding on the soil can result in a thick crust that prevents seed emergence and partially blocks oxygen from reaching roots. A light scraping after the soil surface has dried is all that is needed to correct these problems. Be careful of deep tilling as it may damage young, tender roots.Standing water: Standing water cuts off oxygen to the roots, which can result in plant damage if it doesn’t drain quickly enough. Most plants can withstand 24 hours of standing water without harm. Hot, sunny weather can make a bad situation worse by the water becoming hot enough to “cook” the plants. There isn’t much that can be done about this unless a channel can be cut to allow the water to drain.Hail damage: Plants should recover quickly as long as the leaves only were damaged by the hail as leaves regenerate quickly. The situation becomes much more serious if the stems and fruit were damaged. The plant can recover from a few bruises but if it looks like the plants were mowed down by a weed whip, replanting is in order.&nbsp;Leaning plants: Either wind or water can cause plants to lean. They should start to straighten after a few days. Don’t try to bend them back as they often break easily. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at lfick@k-state.edu or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.&nbsp;&nbsp;

​FICK: Storm damage and the garden

What is mental health? The National Institute of Mental Health says “mental health includes emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, act, make choices, and relate to others.” The last fourteen months has been hard on our mental health.

Elaine Johannes is the Kansas Health Foundation Distinguished Professor of Community Health at Kansas State University and has worked with our Family Development team of Extension Agents to study and learn more about the pandemic’s impact on children and families. Johannes states, “This pandemic has been filled with change, loss, some grief and some positive things. So, the meaning of what has happened really needs to be our focus now. The meaning helps us understand how, mentally, we move toward the recovery phase.”

Interviews with Elaine Johannes can be found on K-State’s weekly radio program Sound Living, https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/news/radio-network/sound-living.html

You can also visit the National Institute of Mental Health for some great resources: www.nimh.nih.gov/mymentalhealth The most important thing on the list to improve your mental health is self-care. Everyone has a different level of care needed so take the time to figure out what you most need. Many of the suggestions were on my list for my staying positive program.

· Get regular exercise. A 20 or 30-minute walk will help clear your mind. · Eat regular, healthy meals and stay hydrated. · Make sure you are getting enough sleep. · Practice gratitude and stay positive. · Stay connected with friends and family. · Set goals and priorities. Decide what must be done and what can wait. · Schedule a regular time for a relaxing activity. Yoga or breathing exercises are good choices.

If you or someone you know are experiencing severe symptoms for more than two weeks, talk to a professional. Search for the fact sheet on the National Institute of Mental Health website “Tips for Talking with your Health Care Provider”.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1588274071306.jpeg" alt="written by: Berny Unruh - Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>written by: Berny Unruh - Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>What is mental health? The National Institute of Mental Health says “mental health includes emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, act, make choices, and relate to others.” The last fourteen months has been hard on our mental health.Elaine Johannes is the Kansas Health Foundation Distinguished Professor of Community Health at Kansas State University and has worked with our Family Development team of Extension Agents to study and learn more about the pandemic’s impact on children and families. Johannes states, “This pandemic has been filled with change, loss, some grief and some positive things. So, the meaning of what has happened really needs to be our focus now. The meaning helps us understand how, mentally, we move toward the recovery phase.”Interviews with Elaine Johannes can be found on K-State’s weekly radio program Sound Living, https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/news/radio-network/sound-living.htmlYou can also visit the National Institute of Mental Health for some great resources: www.nimh.nih.gov/mymentalhealth The most important thing on the list to improve your mental health is self-care. Everyone has a different level of care needed so take the time to figure out what you most need. Many of the suggestions were on my list for my staying positive program.· Get regular exercise. A 20 or 30-minute walk will help clear your mind. · Eat regular, healthy meals and stay hydrated. · Make sure you are getting enough sleep. · Practice gratitude and stay positive. · Stay connected with friends and family. · Set goals and priorities. Decide what must be done and what can wait. · Schedule a regular time for a relaxing activity. Yoga or breathing exercises are good choices.If you or someone you know are experiencing severe symptoms for more than two weeks, talk to a professional. Search for the fact sheet on the National Institute of Mental Health website “Tips for Talking with your Health Care Provider”.Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at bunruh@ksu.edu.

UNRUH: May is Mental Health Awareness Month

There has been a lot of buzz concerning the carbon credit market. This brief article will discuss the importance of carbon and carbon markets, and what they can offer producers.

Carbon is the basic building block for all living things. It is present in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide (CO2), in living and nonliving organisms, as organic matter in soils, in fossil fuels, and in the oceans as shells, coral, and sedimentary rock. Carbon is all around us. While carbon is essential for all life, there is a balance between where the carbon is located and stored within the earth, oceans, and atmosphere. In the past 60+ years, carbon, as carbon dioxide, has accumulated in the atmosphere. To counter these effects, many US and global companies that emit carbon dioxide are willing to pay for practices that move carbon from the atmosphere into different pools, like soil. Paying for practices is known as carbon “crediting”. Carbon credits can be generated from many different sources. For the purpose of this article, we will concentrate on credit opportunities related to crop production, which incentivizes practices that boost carbon or organic matter in soils. (Soil organic matter is ~50% carbon.) Farmers using these practices to boost organic matter can realize many other benefits. Organic matter provides nutrients, especially N, to growing crops. Organic matter improves the water infiltration of our soil. This means our soils can absorb large, intense rainfalls in a shorter time period so less water ponds or runs off the field, and there is more water retained in our soils to feed the crop during dry times. Organic matter builds a resilient soil, a soil that can better handle the extreme weather changes while securing our crop yields.

If a company wants to lower their carbon footprint, they contract with a broker to find carbon credits that can be bought and sold on the open market. The broker lines up and verifies on the ground that each carbon credit is legitimate. One carbon credit is equal to one metric ton of carbon dioxide and is currently worth $14-18 per credit. Carbon can be built on farmland by reducing tillage aggressiveness, switching to no-till, or adding a cover crop. Almost all markets are looking for farmland implementing a new practice, as these acres are easier to verify, so you may not qualify if you have implemented these

practices long ago. However, some companies will consider practices recently adopted (~2 years). This means most C markets are a better fit for farmers looking to experiment with something new, rather than those who have a long history of carbon-building conservation practices. The amount of carbon a farmer can realistically draw down is based on their climate, crop grown, and other factors.

Whether or not carbon credits will help your bottom line will vary farm by farm and maybe field by field. Carbon credit payments are unlikely to entirely cover the cost of a new practice. They may simply reduce the risk of trying something new. However, there is no debate that building carbon in your soil has a long list of benefits for you and the next generation of farmers.

For the sake of making this article brief in hopes of it being read, ha ha. To find out “what questions should I ask?”. Please go to the Cottonwood Extension web site at www.cottonwood.ksu.edu to see that information.

Information provided by Jodi DeJong-Hughes and Anna Cates, University of Minnesota Extension.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/5/1620394770085.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>There has been a lot of buzz concerning the carbon credit market. This brief article will discuss the importance of carbon and carbon markets, and what they can offer producers.What is Carbon?Carbon is the basic building block for all living things. It is present in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide (CO2), in living and nonliving organisms, as organic matter in soils, in fossil fuels, and in the oceans as shells, coral, and sedimentary rock. Carbon is all around us. While carbon is essential for all life, there is a balance between where the carbon is located and stored within the earth, oceans, and atmosphere. In the past 60+ years, carbon, as carbon dioxide, has accumulated in the atmosphere. To counter these effects, many US and global companies that emit carbon dioxide are willing to pay for practices that move carbon from the atmosphere into different pools, like soil. Paying for practices is known as carbon “crediting”. Carbon credits can be generated from many different sources. For the purpose of this article, we will concentrate on credit opportunities related to crop production, which incentivizes practices that boost carbon or organic matter in soils. (Soil organic matter is ~50% carbon.) Farmers using these practices to boost organic matter can realize many other benefits. Organic matter provides nutrients, especially N, to growing crops. Organic matter improves the water infiltration of our soil. This means our soils can absorb large, intense rainfalls in a shorter time period so less water ponds or runs off the field, and there is more water retained in our soils to feed the crop during dry times. Organic matter builds a resilient soil, a soil that can better handle the extreme weather changes while securing our crop yields.How Does the Carbon Market Operate?If a company wants to lower their carbon footprint, they contract with a broker to find carbon credits that can be bought and sold on the open market. The broker lines up and verifies on the ground that each carbon credit is legitimate. One carbon credit is equal to one metric ton of carbon dioxide and is currently worth $14-18 per credit. Carbon can be built on farmland by reducing tillage aggressiveness, switching to no-till, or adding a cover crop. Almost all markets are looking for farmland implementing a new practice, as these acres are easier to verify, so you may not qualify if you have implemented thesepractices long ago. However, some companies will consider practices recently adopted (~2 years). This means most C markets are a better fit for farmers looking to experiment with something new, rather than those who have a long history of carbon-building conservation practices. The amount of carbon a farmer can realistically draw down is based on their climate, crop grown, and other factors.Whether or not carbon credits will help your bottom line will vary farm by farm and maybe field by field. Carbon credit payments are unlikely to entirely cover the cost of a new practice. They may simply reduce the risk of trying something new. However, there is no debate that building carbon in your soil has a long list of benefits for you and the next generation of farmers.For the sake of making this article brief in hopes of it being read, ha ha. To find out “what questions should I ask?”. Please go to the Cottonwood Extension web site at www.cottonwood.ksu.edu to see that information.Information provided by Jodi DeJong-Hughes and Anna Cates, University of Minnesota Extension.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1578070283981.png" alt="Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430." />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430.</figcaption>
 </figure>

CAMPBELL: How to approach carbon market opportunities

If you have ever been affiliated with 4-H in Kansas, you have probably heard of Rock Springs Ranch! In 1945, land was purchased to provide a 4-H Camp for youth in Kansas. Over the past 75 years, countless numbers of 4-H youth, other youth groups, and many other organizations have utilized the facilities known as Rock Springs Ranch.

As a kid, I wasn’t able to attend 4-H Camp but did spend a couple of weeks there while my dad gained continuing education certificates as part of the Kansas Association of Teachers of Science (KATS Camp). I have very fond memories of wading in the creek, picking and eating water cress, and hiking the grounds with my mom and siblings.

A great group of youth, including our own Barton County 4-H member Lexi Straub, came up with a philanthropy project in 2020 to benefit Rock Springs Ranch and all campers who utilize the facility. “Endorse The Course” is a fundraising challenge designed by these youth which will provide a new Leadership Adventure Course. They set a good goal of $25,000 by May 1st and have raised nearly $26,000! Teams will use the Adventure Course to learn about teamwork, build confidence, and grow in resilience and perseverance.

The Cottonwood Extension District is part of the Heart of Kansas camp group and will be taking a smaller number of youth to Rock Springs Ranch for 4-H Camp in mid-June. Youth will take part in educational activities, make new friends, and learn new skills.

In addition, 4-H hosts an event called Campference at Rock Springs in late June for those youth who may be ready for more than the camp experience but not yet ready to be a counselor. These 12 to 14-year-old youth have the fun activities of camp with a higher level of learning opportunities in leadership.

Doesn’t Rock Springs Ranch sound like fun? Did you know that you can rent it for family reunions or other group activities? If you are interested in the quality of food – just ask a 4-H member about the rolls or chicken tender/mac and cheese day! You can contact Rock Springs Ranch for more information at www.rockspringsranch.org or contact the Kansas 4-H Foundation for ways to support a wide variety of events and activities.

I know that I am counting the days to be at Rock Springs Ranch with our youth counselors and 4-H members for Happy Trails of Fun And Adventure this summer!

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.

Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County office. For more information on this article or other 4-H and Youth Development related questions, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1579114162620.jpeg" alt="written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>If you have ever been affiliated with 4-H in Kansas, you have probably heard of Rock Springs Ranch! In 1945, land was purchased to provide a 4-H Camp for youth in Kansas. Over the past 75 years, countless numbers of 4-H youth, other youth groups, and many other organizations have utilized the facilities known as Rock Springs Ranch.As a kid, I wasn’t able to attend 4-H Camp but did spend a couple of weeks there while my dad gained continuing education certificates as part of the Kansas Association of Teachers of Science (KATS Camp). I have very fond memories of wading in the creek, picking and eating water cress, and hiking the grounds with my mom and siblings.A great group of youth, including our own Barton County 4-H member Lexi Straub, came up with a philanthropy project in 2020 to benefit Rock Springs Ranch and all campers who utilize the facility. “Endorse The Course” is a fundraising challenge designed by these youth which will provide a new Leadership Adventure Course. They set a good goal of $25,000 by May 1st and have raised nearly $26,000! Teams will use the Adventure Course to learn about teamwork, build confidence, and grow in resilience and perseverance.The Cottonwood Extension District is part of the Heart of Kansas camp group and will be taking a smaller number of youth to Rock Springs Ranch for 4-H Camp in mid-June. Youth will take part in educational activities, make new friends, and learn new skills.In addition, 4-H hosts an event called Campference at Rock Springs in late June for those youth who may be ready for more than the camp experience but not yet ready to be a counselor. These 12 to 14-year-old youth have the fun activities of camp with a higher level of learning opportunities in leadership.Doesn’t Rock Springs Ranch sound like fun? Did you know that you can rent it for family reunions or other group activities? If you are interested in the quality of food – just ask a 4-H member about the rolls or chicken tender/mac and cheese day! You can contact Rock Springs Ranch for more information at www.rockspringsranch.org or contact the Kansas 4-H Foundation for ways to support a wide variety of events and activities.I know that I am counting the days to be at Rock Springs Ranch with our youth counselors and 4-H members for Happy Trails of Fun And Adventure this summer!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County office. For more information on this article or other 4-H and Youth Development related questions, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call 620-793-1910.

BERAN: Rocking at Rock Springs Ranch!

Happy Mother’s Day to all of the moms out there! The month of May has arrived and that means a frenzy of activity for families who are celebrating Mother’s day or graduations in the days ahead. Hopefully your weekend plans include some good family time. I feel so blessed to have been a mother the past forty years and have now earned the title of grandma. Having four active grandchildren recently provided opportunities to catch a soccer game in Lindsborg, a track-meet in Washington, and a gymnastics meet in Salina. (All within 30 hours) The six-year-old, who was along for the ride, reminded us that his baseball games will start soon. You can be sure, we’ll be planning to attend.

Nearly 140 people in the Cottonwood Extension District are celebrating the conclusion of the eight-week long Walk Kansas program on May 22nd. Most of the teams have met or surpassed their goal to exercise at least 30 minutes five times a week. I am hoping with the more spring like weather it won’t be hard to keep the habit of regular exercise going.

And finally, May 17-23 is designated as “Bicycle to Work Week.” Since I am passionate about cycling whenever I have the chance I consider this week a celebration. Although it is estimated that less than 1 percent of adult Americans commute to work by bicycle, roughly 41 percent of work commutes are shorter than 5 miles. In my case, my husband John and I log seven miles a day which includes two round trips to my office. Unless it is below 20 degrees or icy underfoot, you are likely to see us in our hi-vis green jackets and helmets, pedaling along on our tandem bike.

Bicycle commuting is a great way to squeeze regular exercise into a busy schedule. Commuting time can be used to stay in shape instead of sitting frustrated in traffic. Statistics also show that bicycle commuters are happier and more productive at work. As more cyclists take to the streets as summer approaches, make sure you take time to review bicycle safety rules with young riders.

Whether you are riding for fun, fitness or with family, or taking essential trips to work or shop, you are part of a movement for safer streets, connected communities, a healthier planet, and happier people.

So, whatever you are celebrating this May, have a wonderful time!

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family and Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Happy Mother’s Day to all of the moms out there! The month of May has arrived and that means a frenzy of activity for families who are celebrating Mother’s day or graduations in the days ahead. Hopefully your weekend plans include some good family time. I feel so blessed to have been a mother the past forty years and have now earned the title of grandma. Having four active grandchildren recently provided opportunities to catch a soccer game in Lindsborg, a track-meet in Washington, and a gymnastics meet in Salina. (All within 30 hours) The six-year-old, who was along for the ride, reminded us that his baseball games will start soon. You can be sure, we’ll be planning to attend.Nearly 140 people in the Cottonwood Extension District are celebrating the conclusion of the eight-week long Walk Kansas program on May 22nd. Most of the teams have met or surpassed their goal to exercise at least 30 minutes five times a week. I am hoping with the more spring like weather it won’t be hard to keep the habit of regular exercise going.And finally, May 17-23 is designated as “Bicycle to Work Week.” Since I am passionate about cycling whenever I have the chance I consider this week a celebration. Although it is estimated that less than 1 percent of adult Americans commute to work by bicycle, roughly 41 percent of work commutes are shorter than 5 miles. In my case, my husband John and I log seven miles a day which includes two round trips to my office. Unless it is below 20 degrees or icy underfoot, you are likely to see us in our hi-vis green jackets and helmets, pedaling along on our tandem bike.Bicycle commuting is a great way to squeeze regular exercise into a busy schedule. Commuting time can be used to stay in shape instead of sitting frustrated in traffic. Statistics also show that bicycle commuters are happier and more productive at work. As more cyclists take to the streets as summer approaches, make sure you take time to review bicycle safety rules with young riders.Whether you are riding for fun, fitness or with family, or taking essential trips to work or shop, you are part of a movement for safer streets, connected communities, a healthier planet, and happier people.So, whatever you are celebrating this May, have a wonderful time!Donna Krug is the District Director and Family and Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu.

KRUG: Lets celebrate May

There have been a number of plants that have either died over winter or been slow to leaf out. &nbsp;In some cases, this is likely due to accumulated stress. &nbsp;We often think of plants reacting to stress that happened during the current season or possibly the previous year but it may not be that simple. &nbsp;I think this all started during the winter of 2017 - 2018. &nbsp;Many areas of Kansas had virtually no rain or snow from November through most of April during that winter. &nbsp;This put plants under a tremendous amount of stress. &nbsp;

Plants under stress often react by setting an abnormal number of fruit buds. &nbsp;This helps ensure the survival of the species even if the parent plant dies. &nbsp;So lots of fruit buds were set during 2018. &nbsp;Those buds matured into flowers and then fruit (seeds) during 2019. &nbsp;Think back to last year. &nbsp;I have never seen certain plants bloom as well as they did last year. &nbsp;Maturing this much fruit takes a great deal of energy. &nbsp;I think this resulted in such low energy levels in the fall that the plants just didn’t have enough energy to make it through the winter or may have delayed leaf out. &nbsp;Areas with too much rain last summer had that additional stress added to the mix. &nbsp;Roots need oxygen as well as water and too much rain can damage root systems.

So what do we do? &nbsp;The only thing we can do now is try to avoid any further stress. &nbsp;Basically, that means watering during dry weather. &nbsp;Don’t overdo it as too much moisture can damage root systems. &nbsp;The goal is to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged while allowing the top of the soil surface to dry between waterings. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at lfick@k-state.edu or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.&nbsp;&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="written by: Lauren Fick - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Lauren Fick - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>There have been a number of plants that have either died over winter or been slow to leaf out. &nbsp;In some cases, this is likely due to accumulated stress. &nbsp;We often think of plants reacting to stress that happened during the current season or possibly the previous year but it may not be that simple. &nbsp;I think this all started during the winter of 2017 - 2018. &nbsp;Many areas of Kansas had virtually no rain or snow from November through most of April during that winter. &nbsp;This put plants under a tremendous amount of stress. &nbsp; Plants under stress often react by setting an abnormal number of fruit buds. &nbsp;This helps ensure the survival of the species even if the parent plant dies. &nbsp;So lots of fruit buds were set during 2018. &nbsp;Those buds matured into flowers and then fruit (seeds) during 2019. &nbsp;Think back to last year. &nbsp;I have never seen certain plants bloom as well as they did last year. &nbsp;Maturing this much fruit takes a great deal of energy. &nbsp;I think this resulted in such low energy levels in the fall that the plants just didn’t have enough energy to make it through the winter or may have delayed leaf out. &nbsp;Areas with too much rain last summer had that additional stress added to the mix. &nbsp;Roots need oxygen as well as water and too much rain can damage root systems. So what do we do? &nbsp;The only thing we can do now is try to avoid any further stress. &nbsp;Basically, that means watering during dry weather. &nbsp;Don’t overdo it as too much moisture can damage root systems. &nbsp;The goal is to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged while allowing the top of the soil surface to dry between waterings. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at lfick@k-state.edu or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.&nbsp;&nbsp;

FICK: ​Plants slow to leaf out 

With the wheat crop soon moving into the flag leaf stage in our area, now is a critical time to assess the need for a foliar fungicide application. Scouting efforts from across Kansas have reported several new occurrences of stripe rust this week, although incidence remains extremely low in many counties such as Russell, Ellsworth, Saline, Rice, and Geary. At the time of writing this I have not seen any stripe rust yet in Ellis County.

3. Variety genetics: varieties with better resistance ratings will, in general, benefit less from a fungicide application. Variety ratings can be found in the K-State “Wheat Variety Disease and Insect Rating Guide” by typing this into your internet browser box.

Stripe rust risk assessment for the coming weeks - here we integrate current stripe rust reports, risk due to recent weather conditions (relative humidity and rainfall), and crop growth stage to assess the current risk of severe stripe rust in Kansas (Figure 2). The high-risk regions (dark purple) correspond to regions where weather has been particularly suitable for stripe rust establishment, and where the pathogen has been detected for sufficient time. The risk in other parts of the state may change as the season progresses and as more favorable weather events accumulate.

Deciding on a fungicide application to control stripe rust - scouting is a critical first step for stripe rust control. Stripe rust can be identified by characteristic orange lesions that form in straight lines on mature plants. When you run your finger over a stripe rust pustule, the orange spores will be easily dislodged.

Fungicide applications are most beneficial when the level of disease in the field is below 10% severity. University research has demonstrated that applications that protect the fully emerged flag leaf (between Feekes 8 and Feekes 10) are most effective. To find K-State “Wheat Growth and Development” chart, simply do an internet search for it. Applications applied prior to flag leaf emergence will not adequately protect the flag leaf or the head. Always check and follow product label recommendations to ensure full compliance with growth-stage limitations and pre-harvest intervals.

There are many products that are rated very good or excellent for stripe rust control. To see the latest fungicide ratings, do an internet search for “Foliar Fungicide Efficacy Ratings for Wheat

Disease, KSU”. It is important to know that fungicides in the strobilurin family (Group 11) are not as effective when applied as single product after symptoms have already appeared.

Information provided by Kelsey Andersen Onofre, &amp; Eric De Wolf, K-State Extension Plant Pathologists.

With the wheat crop soon moving into the flag leaf stage in our area, now is a critical time to assess the need for a foliar fungicide application. Scouting efforts from across Kansas have reported several new occurrences of stripe rust this week, although incidence remains extremely low in many counties such as Russell, Ellsworth, Saline, Rice, and Geary. At the time of writing this I have not seen any stripe rust yet in Ellis County.Stripe rust is most yield-limiting when it advances to the upper canopy, particularly the flag leaf. The risk of stripe rust causing yield loss is a function of three things:1. Timing of first local disease detection in relation to crop growth stage (earlier detection = higher risk)2. Weather conditions: specifically, moisture and relative humidity after first detection3. Variety genetics: varieties with better resistance ratings will, in general, benefit less from a fungicide application. Variety ratings can be found in the K-State “Wheat Variety Disease and Insect Rating Guide” by typing this into your internet browser box.Stripe rust risk assessment for the coming weeks - here we integrate current stripe rust reports, risk due to recent weather conditions (relative humidity and rainfall), and crop growth stage to assess the current risk of severe stripe rust in Kansas (Figure 2). The high-risk regions (dark purple) correspond to regions where weather has been particularly suitable for stripe rust establishment, and where the pathogen has been detected for sufficient time. The risk in other parts of the state may change as the season progresses and as more favorable weather events accumulate.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/4/1619796772675.png" alt="Figure 2. Estimated risk of severe stripe rust as of April 29, 2021. Map takes into account the current wheat growth stage, stripe rust observations, and recent weather conditions. Map created by Kelsey Andersen Onofre, K-State Research and Extension." />
 <figcaption>Figure 2. Estimated risk of severe stripe rust as of April 29, 2021. Map takes into account the current wheat growth stage, stripe rust observations, and recent weather conditions. Map created by Kelsey Andersen Onofre, K-State Research and Extension.</figcaption>
 </figure>Deciding on a fungicide application to control stripe rust - scouting is a critical first step for stripe rust control. Stripe rust can be identified by characteristic orange lesions that form in straight lines on mature plants. When you run your finger over a stripe rust pustule, the orange spores will be easily dislodged.Fungicide applications are most beneficial when the level of disease in the field is below 10% severity. University research has demonstrated that applications that protect the fully emerged flag leaf (between Feekes 8 and Feekes 10) are most effective. To find K-State “Wheat Growth and Development” chart, simply do an internet search for it. Applications applied prior to flag leaf emergence will not adequately protect the flag leaf or the head. Always check and follow product label recommendations to ensure full compliance with growth-stage limitations and pre-harvest intervals.There are many products that are rated very good or excellent for stripe rust control. To see the latest fungicide ratings, do an internet search for “Foliar Fungicide Efficacy Ratings for WheatDisease, KSU”. It is important to know that fungicides in the strobilurin family (Group 11) are not as effective when applied as single product after symptoms have already appeared.The products listed in the K-State fungicide efficacy publication will generally provide at least 14-21 days of protection. This can vary between products and is also influenced by environmental conditions.The decision to apply a fungicide should be balanced with the yield potential of the crop, variety disease rating and current grain price. Fields with the potential to yield greater than 40 bushels per acre should be prioritized for a fungicide application.Information provided by Kelsey Andersen Onofre, &amp; Eric De Wolf, K-State Extension Plant Pathologists.Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Stripe rust distribution and risk assessment

Stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) are starting to emerge with the start of spring; you might even have seen a few around already! Stable flies are distinguishable by four black stripes on the thorax, black checkered spots on the abdomen and large, protruding mouthpart.

These flies are a common pest feeding primarily on cattle and horses but can also target other livestock species, pets (especially dogs) and humans. Both male and female adult flies are obligate blood feeders and their painful bite and feeding causes significant annoyance and blood loss. Stable flies can negatively affect cattle average daily weight gain, milk production and feeding efficiency. Each fly feeds once or twice a day for between two and five minutes each time. Stable flies are routinely found on the legs or underside of large animals such as horses and cattle, on dogs and small ruminants however, they are generally found around the head area.

When not feeding, adult flies can be found resting on building surfaces or vegetation. Sustainable stable fly control is best achieved through an integrated approach. In her lifetime, a single adult female can lay between 500 and 1000 eggs. Limiting resources available for egg laying and larvae development, especially in the spring and summer months is essential.

Stable fly larvae develop in decaying plant matter, particularly those contaminated with animal waste. Hay bales are a great breeding site for stable flies, elevating hay and straw off the ground when feeding animals prevents manure and urine contamination. Periodically clear feed storage and animal feeding areas of spilled hay, straw and feed. Large bales for herd feeding are especially able to promote fly populations, be sure to inspect and clean these areas regularly. Separate animal watering from feeding areas and protect stored feeds from weather and water runoff.

For areas where straw bedding is used, frequently replace the bedding, spreading decomposing waste in thin layers, which allows waste to dry faster and be less attractive to female stable flies. Composting manure increases heat and dries out material making the environment inhospitable for developing fly larvae. If you have to store manure waste in piles, attempt to keep as little fibrous plant material/feed as possible in the pile. Insect growth regulators fed to animals as feed-throughs inhibit stable fly development during the pupal stage reducing adult fly numbers and are a great addition to an integrated pest management program.

Adult stable flies can be controlled through insecticide application with both pyrethroid and organophosphate products being effective although resistance to both is increasing. For more information on specific products to use, search the VetPestX website for specific product information (<a href="https://www.veterinaryentomology.org/vetpestx">https://www.veterinaryentomology.org/vetpestx</a>).&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) are starting to emerge with the start of spring; you might even have seen a few around already! Stable flies are distinguishable by four black stripes on the thorax, black checkered spots on the abdomen and large, protruding mouthpart.These flies are a common pest feeding primarily on cattle and horses but can also target other livestock species, pets (especially dogs) and humans. Both male and female adult flies are obligate blood feeders and their painful bite and feeding causes significant annoyance and blood loss. Stable flies can negatively affect cattle average daily weight gain, milk production and feeding efficiency. Each fly feeds once or twice a day for between two and five minutes each time. Stable flies are routinely found on the legs or underside of large animals such as horses and cattle, on dogs and small ruminants however, they are generally found around the head area.When not feeding, adult flies can be found resting on building surfaces or vegetation. Sustainable stable fly control is best achieved through an integrated approach. In her lifetime, a single adult female can lay between 500 and 1000 eggs. Limiting resources available for egg laying and larvae development, especially in the spring and summer months is essential.Stable fly larvae develop in decaying plant matter, particularly those contaminated with animal waste. Hay bales are a great breeding site for stable flies, elevating hay and straw off the ground when feeding animals prevents manure and urine contamination. Periodically clear feed storage and animal feeding areas of spilled hay, straw and feed. Large bales for herd feeding are especially able to promote fly populations, be sure to inspect and clean these areas regularly. Separate animal watering from feeding areas and protect stored feeds from weather and water runoff.For areas where straw bedding is used, frequently replace the bedding, spreading decomposing waste in thin layers, which allows waste to dry faster and be less attractive to female stable flies. Composting manure increases heat and dries out material making the environment inhospitable for developing fly larvae. If you have to store manure waste in piles, attempt to keep as little fibrous plant material/feed as possible in the pile. Insect growth regulators fed to animals as feed-throughs inhibit stable fly development during the pupal stage reducing adult fly numbers and are a great addition to an integrated pest management program.Adult stable flies can be controlled through insecticide application with both pyrethroid and organophosphate products being effective although resistance to both is increasing. For more information on specific products to use, search the VetPestX website for specific product information (<a href="https://www.veterinaryentomology.org/vetpestx">https://www.veterinaryentomology.org/vetpestx</a>).&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

BOOR: Battling stable flies

On November 2, 2021, there will be a General Election to elect the following:

• City of Great Bend – Mayor and Four (4) councilmember 1 from each ward • City of Hoisington – Mayor and Four (4) councilmember 1 from each ward • City of Ellinwood – Mayor and Two (2) councilmember positions • City of Claflin – Three (3) councilmember positions • City of Albert – Mayor and Five (5) councilmember positions • City of Galatia – Mayor and Five (5) councilmember positions • City of Olmitz –Three (3) councilmember positions • City of Pawnee Rock – Three (3) councilmember positions • City of Susank – Mayor and Five (5) councilmember positions • Unified School District 428 - Three (3) board member positions at-large • Unified School District 431 – Three (3) board member positions at-large • Unified School District 355 - Three (3) board member positions at-large plus • Barton County Community College - Three (3) Board of Trustees positions at-large • Ellinwood Hospital District - one (1) Board of Trustees positions at-large • Cottonwood Extension District No. 17 - Two (2) Board member positions at-large

All candidates must now file at the Barton County Clerk’s Office, Room 202, 1400 Main, Great Bend, Kansas. The filing fee for all positions is $20.

Any registered voter residing in the above-named districts may file for election on or before the filing deadline 12:00 noon on Tuesday, June 1, 2021.

If the number of candidates filing for office necessitates a Primary Election, the Primary&nbsp;Election will be held on August 3, 2021.

Any questions concerning the election or candidate qualifications may be directed to the County Clerk’s Office at 620-793-1835.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/11/1604369454978.jpeg" alt="" />
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 </figure>On November 2, 2021, there will be a General Election to elect the following:• City of Great Bend – Mayor and Four (4) councilmember 1 from each ward • City of Hoisington – Mayor and Four (4) councilmember 1 from each ward • City of Ellinwood – Mayor and Two (2) councilmember positions • City of Claflin – Three (3) councilmember positions • City of Albert – Mayor and Five (5) councilmember positions • City of Galatia – Mayor and Five (5) councilmember positions • City of Olmitz –Three (3) councilmember positions • City of Pawnee Rock – Three (3) councilmember positions • City of Susank – Mayor and Five (5) councilmember positions • Unified School District 428 - Three (3) board member positions at-large • Unified School District 431 – Three (3) board member positions at-large • Unified School District 355 - Three (3) board member positions at-large plus • Barton County Community College - Three (3) Board of Trustees positions at-large • Ellinwood Hospital District - one (1) Board of Trustees positions at-large • Cottonwood Extension District No. 17 - Two (2) Board member positions at-largeAll candidates must now file at the Barton County Clerk’s Office, Room 202, 1400 Main, Great Bend, Kansas. The filing fee for all positions is $20.Any registered voter residing in the above-named districts may file for election on or before the filing deadline 12:00 noon on Tuesday, June 1, 2021.If the number of candidates filing for office necessitates a Primary Election, the Primary&nbsp;Election will be held on August 3, 2021.Any questions concerning the election or candidate qualifications may be directed to the County Clerk’s Office at 620-793-1835.

Barton County offices that will be open for election this year

The cultural diversity of our central Kansas communities makes it an interesting place to live and work. Next week, on May 5 to be exact, we have an opportunity to learn more about this culture. I have asked for permission to set up an activity at the band shell on Jack Kilby Square from noon – 1:00 PM. I am working with Cristina Ingram, from Great Bend High School, and she will introduce the GBHS Folk Dancers who will perform at noon.

Following their performance, I have invited the ESL students from Barton County Academy, under the direction of Patty Fletchall, to make a short presentation. They will be sharing “The Real Story of the Pinata.” Their presentation will end with the breaking of a pinata.

I also have a StoryWalk activity that will be set up from 11:30 – 1:30 on Wednesday in the grassy area near the band shell. The Story is titled, “The Talking Vegetables,” and it is suitable for pre-school age children and their parents.

The activities on May 5 are free and open to everyone. There are plenty of picnic tables and seating so plan to spend your lunch hour at the Jack Kilby Square band shell as we celebrate Cinco de Mayo.

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>The cultural diversity of our central Kansas communities makes it an interesting place to live and work. Next week, on May 5 to be exact, we have an opportunity to learn more about this culture. I have asked for permission to set up an activity at the band shell on Jack Kilby Square from noon – 1:00 PM. I am working with Cristina Ingram, from Great Bend High School, and she will introduce the GBHS Folk Dancers who will perform at noon.Following their performance, I have invited the ESL students from Barton County Academy, under the direction of Patty Fletchall, to make a short presentation. They will be sharing “The Real Story of the Pinata.” Their presentation will end with the breaking of a pinata.I also have a StoryWalk activity that will be set up from 11:30 – 1:30 on Wednesday in the grassy area near the band shell. The Story is titled, “The Talking Vegetables,” and it is suitable for pre-school age children and their parents.The activities on May 5 are free and open to everyone. There are plenty of picnic tables and seating so plan to spend your lunch hour at the Jack Kilby Square band shell as we celebrate Cinco de Mayo.Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KRUG: Let’s celebrate Cinco de Mayo

The filing deadline for local elections is just over a month away.  Barton County Clerk Donna Zimmerman is responsible for overseeing the entire election process. She said there are a number of local offices that will be up for a vote.

"We have mayors and city council members for all of the nine cities," Zimmerman said. "We have school board members for all of the school districts. Community college board of trustees, Ellinwood Hospital District and Cottonwood Extension District are all on the ballot this year."

The election will be held on November 2nd. A primary election may be held on August 3rd for some races if enough candidates file for the same office. 

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/11/1604350863929.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By KEN CARPENTER Great Bend PostThe filing deadline for local elections is just over a month away. Barton County Clerk Donna Zimmerman is responsible for overseeing the entire election process. She said there are a number of local offices that will be up for a vote."We have mayors and city council members for all of the nine cities," Zimmerman said. "We have school board members for all of the school districts. Community college board of trustees, Ellinwood Hospital District and Cottonwood Extension District are all on the ballot this year."The election will be held on November 2nd. A primary election may be held on August 3rd for some races if enough candidates file for the same office. Zimmerman explained how candidates can get on the ballot."Anybody that's interested in running for office this year should contact our office for filing forms," Zimmerman said. "The filing deadline is 12 o'clock noon on June 1st. We'll keep a list of candidates who have filed on our website at bartoncounty.org."Zimmerman said there is a $20 filing fee for each candidate.