Cereal rye can provide excellent weed suppression as a cover crop; however, it should be handled carefully. Cereal rye can be introduced into a wheat field by contamination of harvest or seed conditioning equipment, dry fertilizer spreaders, or drills. Seeds and pollen can also be moved by wind or other natural means.

Cereal rye is very similar to wheat in terms of life cycle, growth requirements, and appearance. There are a few features that distinguish rye from wheat. First, cereal rye is generally taller than winter wheat, and the seed heads are usually longer and thinner. Other differences require a closer look. The ligule of cereal rye does not have a fringe of hairs (winter wheat does), and cereal rye does not have prominent auricles (winter wheat does). Cereal rye seeds are longer than wheat seeds and usually shaded more yellow or green rather than red.

Chemical control in wheat is limited to herbicide-tolerant varieties (discussed later in this article). Because there are few herbicide options in crops, preventing the introduction of cereal rye into wheat fields is critical. Cleaning equipment and planting weed-free seed are two important measures. Control during other phases of the crop rotation is also important. For example, letting rye emerge during a fallow phase of the rotation and applying glyphosate and/or atrazine. Hand rouging has long been used to remove cereal rye from wheat.

Herbicide-tolerant wheat varieties - Clearfield wheat varieties allow the use of Beyond (imazamox). Imazamox is more effective on other cool-season grass weeds, and only provides suppression of cereal rye. If you choose a Clearfield variety, be sure to spray before rye tillers and use a nitrogen fertilizer (up to 50% of the spray solution). Two applications (fall and spring) will provide better control than a single application.

CoAXium wheat varieties allow the use of Aggressor (quizalofop). Quizalofop provides excellent control of cereal rye. In studies at Great Bend control was 94% or greater with 10 or 12 fl oz of Aggressor applied with either NIS or MSO in fall or spring. Quizalofop is a Group 1 herbicide that only controls grasses.

In both systems, cereal rye control will be reduced if applications are made when temperatures are below 40F during the week following application.

Reminder Control Volunteer Wheat - since we have been fortunate enough to get some much-needed moisture in the last month or so. Any volunteer wheat that has came up will need to be controlled before wheat is drilled. It is recommended to have all volunteer wheat controlled two weeks prior to any wheat being planted. To allow sufficient time for the wheat curl mites to die off. The mites preferred host plant is wheat, so any volunteer wheat around will more than likely

harbor wheat curl mites. Which are important vectors of wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), one of the most destructive wheat diseases in Kansas.

One tool in the toolbox - other than timely control of volunteer wheat, genetic resistance is also an important tool for WSMV control. Genetic resistance to wheat streak mosaic can also reduce the risk of severe disease problems. There are currently several wheat varieties adapted to Kansas that have wheat streak mosaic virus resistance. To see what those varieties are go to the July 18th issue of K-State Agronomy eUpdate.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Cereal rye can provide excellent weed suppression as a cover crop; however, it should be handled carefully. Cereal rye can be introduced into a wheat field by contamination of harvest or seed conditioning equipment, dry fertilizer spreaders, or drills. Seeds and pollen can also be moved by wind or other natural means.Cereal rye is very similar to wheat in terms of life cycle, growth requirements, and appearance. There are a few features that distinguish rye from wheat. First, cereal rye is generally taller than winter wheat, and the seed heads are usually longer and thinner. Other differences require a closer look. The ligule of cereal rye does not have a fringe of hairs (winter wheat does), and cereal rye does not have prominent auricles (winter wheat does). Cereal rye seeds are longer than wheat seeds and usually shaded more yellow or green rather than red.Chemical control in wheat is limited to herbicide-tolerant varieties (discussed later in this article). Because there are few herbicide options in crops, preventing the introduction of cereal rye into wheat fields is critical. Cleaning equipment and planting weed-free seed are two important measures. Control during other phases of the crop rotation is also important. For example, letting rye emerge during a fallow phase of the rotation and applying glyphosate and/or atrazine. Hand rouging has long been used to remove cereal rye from wheat.Herbicide-tolerant wheat varieties - Clearfield wheat varieties allow the use of Beyond (imazamox). Imazamox is more effective on other cool-season grass weeds, and only provides suppression of cereal rye. If you choose a Clearfield variety, be sure to spray before rye tillers and use a nitrogen fertilizer (up to 50% of the spray solution). Two applications (fall and spring) will provide better control than a single application.CoAXium wheat varieties allow the use of Aggressor (quizalofop). Quizalofop provides excellent control of cereal rye. In studies at Great Bend control was 94% or greater with 10 or 12 fl oz of Aggressor applied with either NIS or MSO in fall or spring. Quizalofop is a Group 1 herbicide that only controls grasses.In both systems, cereal rye control will be reduced if applications are made when temperatures are below 40F during the week following application.Reminder Control Volunteer Wheat - since we have been fortunate enough to get some much-needed moisture in the last month or so. Any volunteer wheat that has came up will need to be controlled before wheat is drilled. It is recommended to have all volunteer wheat controlled two weeks prior to any wheat being planted. To allow sufficient time for the wheat curl mites to die off. The mites preferred host plant is wheat, so any volunteer wheat around will more than likelyharbor wheat curl mites. Which are important vectors of wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), one of the most destructive wheat diseases in Kansas.One tool in the toolbox - other than timely control of volunteer wheat, genetic resistance is also an important tool for WSMV control. Genetic resistance to wheat streak mosaic can also reduce the risk of severe disease problems. There are currently several wheat varieties adapted to Kansas that have wheat streak mosaic virus resistance. To see what those varieties are go to the July 18th issue of K-State Agronomy eUpdate.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.<div><iframe title="Great Bend Post Podcast" allowtransparency="true" height="315" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:315px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?i=exg2z-fe3d77-pbblog-playlist&share=1&download=1&rtl=0&fonts=Arial&skin=f6f6f6&font-color=auto&logo_link=episode_page&order=episodic&limit=10&filter=all&ss=a713390a017602015775e868a2cf26b0&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=315" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>

CAMPBELL: Cereal rye control in wheat

As we move into the latter part of the growing season, it is time to consider late summer and fall pests as well as your plans for next year. Both stable and horn fly populations tend to decline over the dry, hot part of summer but can resurge in late summer into fall if sufficient rainfall occurs. Horn flies are found on the back and belly of the animals and stay constantly associated with the cattle host making topical insecticides (pour-ons, sprays and ear tags) effective control methods, with appropriate rotation. Stable flies in contrast feed preferentially on the legs of the animal for a short period of time (2-4 minutes), 1-2 times a day. This low contact time with the host makes chemical control difficult to achieve. Decaying hay and plant material is a primary breeding for stable flies, pay special attention to hay bale and feed wastage and surrounding crop fields.

House fly populations will continue to increase through the summer and can be a significant problem for feedlots and dairies. Minimize feed wastage spilled over bunkers and keep pens well scraped, paying special attention to areas around feed bunkers, water stations and under fence lines. Baits and traps can be useful against house flies, make sure the traps are placed away from buildings such as offices as they will attract flies to the location. Fall can also see face flies trying to enter barns and buildings for a place to overwinter. Sealing off cracks and crevices can remove these overwintering spots. If a second fall fly population boom occurs, any early season on-animal interventions applied are unlikely to still be effective this late in the season. If reapplying products within the same season, do not change insecticide group. Typing your insecticide active ingredient into this website will tell you which group it belongs to (https://iraconline.org/mode-of-action/classification-online/).

Larvae of the cattle grub should be treated in fall or early winter using oral medications or pour-ons. Treatment should not be carried out in January or February due to the potential for severe reactions. Lice populations also tend to thrive in cooler weather, watch out for patches of hair loss and rubbing, indicative of lice problems. Part the hair, especially along the neck and back of the animal and look for small cream insects about 1/16th of an inch. If large numbers of lice are observed, pour-on treatments can effectively treat lice infestation. Treatment must be repeated after two weeks to target any nits that were not killed after the first treatment.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>As we move into the latter part of the growing season, it is time to consider late summer and fall pests as well as your plans for next year. Both stable and horn fly populations tend to decline over the dry, hot part of summer but can resurge in late summer into fall if sufficient rainfall occurs. Horn flies are found on the back and belly of the animals and stay constantly associated with the cattle host making topical insecticides (pour-ons, sprays and ear tags) effective control methods, with appropriate rotation. Stable flies in contrast feed preferentially on the legs of the animal for a short period of time (2-4 minutes), 1-2 times a day. This low contact time with the host makes chemical control difficult to achieve. Decaying hay and plant material is a primary breeding for stable flies, pay special attention to hay bale and feed wastage and surrounding crop fields.House fly populations will continue to increase through the summer and can be a significant problem for feedlots and dairies. Minimize feed wastage spilled over bunkers and keep pens well scraped, paying special attention to areas around feed bunkers, water stations and under fence lines. Baits and traps can be useful against house flies, make sure the traps are placed away from buildings such as offices as they will attract flies to the location. Fall can also see face flies trying to enter barns and buildings for a place to overwinter. Sealing off cracks and crevices can remove these overwintering spots. If a second fall fly population boom occurs, any early season on-animal interventions applied are unlikely to still be effective this late in the season. If reapplying products within the same season, do not change insecticide group. Typing your insecticide active ingredient into this website will tell you which group it belongs to (https://iraconline.org/mode-of-action/classification-online/).Larvae of the cattle grub should be treated in fall or early winter using oral medications or pour-ons. Treatment should not be carried out in January or February due to the potential for severe reactions. Lice populations also tend to thrive in cooler weather, watch out for patches of hair loss and rubbing, indicative of lice problems. Part the hair, especially along the neck and back of the animal and look for small cream insects about 1/16th of an inch. If large numbers of lice are observed, pour-on treatments can effectively treat lice infestation. Treatment must be repeated after two weeks to target any nits that were not killed after the first treatment.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.<div><iframe title="Great Bend Post Podcast" allowtransparency="true" height="315" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:315px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?i=exg2z-fe3d77-pbblog-playlist&share=1&download=1&rtl=0&fonts=Arial&skin=f6f6f6&font-color=auto&logo_link=episode_page&order=episodic&limit=10&filter=all&ss=a713390a017602015775e868a2cf26b0&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=315" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>

BOOR: Insect control around livestock

Someone recently came into the Cottonwood Extension office with a tiny insect, asking what it is. Fortunately, it had a distinctive long snout. So that meant it was a weevil and I was able to narrow it down considerably and identify it as a rice weevil. I did get verification from J.P. Michaud, entomologist at the Ag Research Ct. in Hays too.

It just so happened that was the same day my newspaper article is due. Therefore, I thought I would write about pantry or stored product pests. Some of the more common pantry or kitchen insect pests are probably the Indian meal moth, sawtoothed grain beetles, and flour beetles.

Several insects, commonly referred to as pantry or kitchen pests, infest dry or stored food products in the home. Most are either beetles or moths. In the case of beetles, both the adult and larval stages may be damaging while only the larvae of moths are destructive. Infestations may be noted when these insects are found in some products, but more commonly when the adults are seen crawling or flying about the kitchen or pantry.

Since most of these insects are of tropical or semi-tropical origin, they live and breed best under warm, humid conditions – conditions often found in kitchen cupboards. Since most do not hibernate, reproduction is continuous throughout the year and populations can build up rapidly if they are left undisturbed.

Inspection - always keep in mind that many pantry pests are strong fliers and that their larvae can crawl some distance from a source of infestation. The source of infestation is usually limited to a small area such as the kitchen, or a single cabinet, or a single susceptible product. Before you attempt control, find out this source and eliminate it.

This is not always an easy job. Check all the materials mentioned as susceptible products. Do not overlook the fact that a sealed container may be infested because the lid may be loose enough to allow pantry pests.

Sterilization - it is possible to kill pantry pests by putting lightly infested packages in the refrigerator freezer compartment for a least two or three days.

Sanitation - periodically clean all shelves in storage areas. Many pantry pests can breed in food particles that spill or sift from packages and accumulate in cracks and corners. The insects can then infest food packages on the shelves later.

Buy only small quantities of foods susceptible to infestation, especially in the summer. Carefully examine these foods when you get them to be sure they are free of pests.

Whenever possible, dry foods can be stored in clean glass or metal containers with tight fitting lids. (Empty coffee cans with plastic lids make excellent storage containers.) Clean containers thoroughly before placing fresh food in them. Never leave them undisturbed for long periods of time. Storing these food products in the refrigerator or freezer will prevent infestation.

Insecticides - are not recommended for use against pantry pests.

This article is not intended to provoke panic, but just an FYI for folks to be aware of and keep in mind. If you have any questions give us a call at the Cottonwood Extension Office.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Someone recently came into the Cottonwood Extension office with a tiny insect, asking what it is. Fortunately, it had a distinctive long snout. So that meant it was a weevil and I was able to narrow it down considerably and identify it as a rice weevil. I did get verification from J.P. Michaud, entomologist at the Ag Research Ct. in Hays too.It just so happened that was the same day my newspaper article is due. Therefore, I thought I would write about pantry or stored product pests. Some of the more common pantry or kitchen insect pests are probably the Indian meal moth, sawtoothed grain beetles, and flour beetles.Several insects, commonly referred to as pantry or kitchen pests, infest dry or stored food products in the home. Most are either beetles or moths. In the case of beetles, both the adult and larval stages may be damaging while only the larvae of moths are destructive. Infestations may be noted when these insects are found in some products, but more commonly when the adults are seen crawling or flying about the kitchen or pantry.Since most of these insects are of tropical or semi-tropical origin, they live and breed best under warm, humid conditions – conditions often found in kitchen cupboards. Since most do not hibernate, reproduction is continuous throughout the year and populations can build up rapidly if they are left undisturbed.Inspection - always keep in mind that many pantry pests are strong fliers and that their larvae can crawl some distance from a source of infestation. The source of infestation is usually limited to a small area such as the kitchen, or a single cabinet, or a single susceptible product. Before you attempt control, find out this source and eliminate it.This is not always an easy job. Check all the materials mentioned as susceptible products. Do not overlook the fact that a sealed container may be infested because the lid may be loose enough to allow pantry pests.Sterilization - it is possible to kill pantry pests by putting lightly infested packages in the refrigerator freezer compartment for a least two or three days.Sanitation - periodically clean all shelves in storage areas. Many pantry pests can breed in food particles that spill or sift from packages and accumulate in cracks and corners. The insects can then infest food packages on the shelves later.Buy only small quantities of foods susceptible to infestation, especially in the summer. Carefully examine these foods when you get them to be sure they are free of pests.Whenever possible, dry foods can be stored in clean glass or metal containers with tight fitting lids. (Empty coffee cans with plastic lids make excellent storage containers.) Clean containers thoroughly before placing fresh food in them. Never leave them undisturbed for long periods of time. Storing these food products in the refrigerator or freezer will prevent infestation.Insecticides - are not recommended for use against pantry pests.This article is not intended to provoke panic, but just an FYI for folks to be aware of and keep in mind. If you have any questions give us a call at the Cottonwood Extension Office.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.<div><iframe title="Great Bend Post Podcast" allowtransparency="true" height="315" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:315px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?i=exg2z-fe3d77-pbblog-playlist&share=1&download=1&rtl=0&fonts=Arial&skin=f6f6f6&font-color=auto&logo_link=episode_page&order=episodic&limit=10&filter=all&ss=a713390a017602015775e868a2cf26b0&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=315" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>

CAMPBELL: Pantry pests - control measures

Handwashing might seem like a routine activity in today’s world, especially after COVID, but that wasn’t always the case. Have you ever wondered where we got this idea? I learned about it in graduate school and was fascinated by how it came about. It wasn’t until the 19th century that handwashing was actually researched and the birth of modern handwashing came about. And the physician that pioneered this work was ridiculed!

Ignaz Semmelweis (1840s) was Hungarian physician that discovered handwashing with chlorinated lime solutions dramatically reduced the incidence of puerperal fever (childbed fever) in his obstetric wards. Despite his findings, his ideas were initially met with skepticism. In the 1800’s the understanding of disease transmission and germ theory were rudimentary. Semmelweis noticed that there was a stark difference in mortality rates between two maternity wards at the Vienna General Hospital. The ward attended by medical students had a much higher mortality rate compared to the ward run by midwives.

With further investigation he found that medical students moved between the dissection room and the maternity ward which we know now that they carried infectious material from the cadavers to the women in labor causing the high mortality rates. In 1847, Semmelweis introduced a policy requiring medical students and doctors to wash their hands with a chlorinated lime solution before examining patients. Handwashing lowered rates of puerperal fever and mortality rates in the maternity ward. However, he faced professional isolation and resistance from his colleagues.

Semmelweis’s methods were dismissed and ridiculed by the medical community and his findings were not accepted until later with the work of Joseph Lister (1860s) and Louis Pasteur that furthered microbiology and germ theory that Semmelweis’s work was accepted. Joseph Lister was a British surgeon who built on Semmelweis’s work by promoting antiseptic techniques in surgery. Lister’s use of carbolic acid (phenol) as an antiseptic led to a significant decrease in post-surgical infections.

Moving forward to the 20th century commercialization of antiseptic agents and soap improved hand hygiene practices, especially in the medical field but then later would move to the general public with Handwashing Campaigns in the 1970s-1980s. Handwashing became a public health issue.

Today handwashing is recognized as one of the simplest and most effective ways to prevent the spread of illness.

Extension agents promote handwashing often whether it’s cooking in the kitchen, outdoor parties, or in the classroom or workplace.

Hands pick up bacteria during daily routines, including gardening, taking out the trash, driving, playing with pets and many other activities.

It only takes 20 seconds with soap and warm water or about the time it takes to sing the alphabet. Be sure to scrub your hands…because the bubbles really do pick up the dirt and take it away.

A fun way we teach this to kids (and adults) is through our Glo-Germ Handwashing program that uses a black light to show the germs on your hands before washing and how they are gone after handwashing. We can also teach high speed handwashing that helps students learn to wash hands quickly and efficiently to save water! Call or email Monique today if you would like to introduce or remind your students how to properly wash their hands to keep everyone as healthy as possible this school year!

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Handwashing might seem like a routine activity in today’s world, especially after COVID, but that wasn’t always the case. Have you ever wondered where we got this idea? I learned about it in graduate school and was fascinated by how it came about. It wasn’t until the 19th century that handwashing was actually researched and the birth of modern handwashing came about. And the physician that pioneered this work was ridiculed!Ignaz Semmelweis (1840s) was Hungarian physician that discovered handwashing with chlorinated lime solutions dramatically reduced the incidence of puerperal fever (childbed fever) in his obstetric wards. Despite his findings, his ideas were initially met with skepticism. In the 1800’s the understanding of disease transmission and germ theory were rudimentary. Semmelweis noticed that there was a stark difference in mortality rates between two maternity wards at the Vienna General Hospital. The ward attended by medical students had a much higher mortality rate compared to the ward run by midwives.With further investigation he found that medical students moved between the dissection room and the maternity ward which we know now that they carried infectious material from the cadavers to the women in labor causing the high mortality rates. In 1847, Semmelweis introduced a policy requiring medical students and doctors to wash their hands with a chlorinated lime solution before examining patients. Handwashing lowered rates of puerperal fever and mortality rates in the maternity ward. However, he faced professional isolation and resistance from his colleagues.Semmelweis’s methods were dismissed and ridiculed by the medical community and his findings were not accepted until later with the work of Joseph Lister (1860s) and Louis Pasteur that furthered microbiology and germ theory that Semmelweis’s work was accepted. Joseph Lister was a British surgeon who built on Semmelweis’s work by promoting antiseptic techniques in surgery. Lister’s use of carbolic acid (phenol) as an antiseptic led to a significant decrease in post-surgical infections.Moving forward to the 20th century commercialization of antiseptic agents and soap improved hand hygiene practices, especially in the medical field but then later would move to the general public with Handwashing Campaigns in the 1970s-1980s. Handwashing became a public health issue.Today handwashing is recognized as one of the simplest and most effective ways to prevent the spread of illness.Extension agents promote handwashing often whether it’s cooking in the kitchen, outdoor parties, or in the classroom or workplace.Hands pick up bacteria during daily routines, including gardening, taking out the trash, driving, playing with pets and many other activities.It only takes 20 seconds with soap and warm water or about the time it takes to sing the alphabet. Be sure to scrub your hands…because the bubbles really do pick up the dirt and take it away.A fun way we teach this to kids (and adults) is through our Glo-Germ Handwashing program that uses a black light to show the germs on your hands before washing and how they are gone after handwashing. We can also teach high speed handwashing that helps students learn to wash hands quickly and efficiently to save water! Call or email Monique today if you would like to introduce or remind your students how to properly wash their hands to keep everyone as healthy as possible this school year!Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.<div><iframe title="Great Bend Post Podcast" allowtransparency="true" height="315" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:315px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?i=exg2z-fe3d77-pbblog-playlist&share=1&download=1&rtl=0&fonts=Arial&skin=f6f6f6&font-color=auto&logo_link=episode_page&order=episodic&limit=10&filter=all&ss=a713390a017602015775e868a2cf26b0&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=315" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>

KOERNER: Handwashing

By MIKE COURSON Great Bend Post

No, those are not the infamous "murder hornets" flying around Barton County. While the historic outbreak of two broods of cicadas occurred earlier this year in the eastern United States, dry conditions in Kansas may be contributing to a higher number of large cicada killer wasps. Alicia Boor, agriculture and natural resources agent in the Cottonwood District for K-State Research and Extension, said while intimidating, the cicada killers are mostly harmless.

"They're just a huge wasp but they are not dangerous to humans at all," she said. "If you leave them alone, they'll leave you alone. They might try to dive bomb you a little bit. That's because they're trying to protect their territory, especially the males."

The flying insects are approximately two inches long with black and yellow-banded markings on the abdomen. The transparent wings are red-brown. Males establish an aerial territory and may hover around humans to determine if they are a threat but the males cannot sting. Females burrow 6-10 inches into the ground, typically in sandy or loose soil.

"With the drought, we do have maybe not quite as thick of lawns and maybe some dieback just because we haven't had the rain to be able to produce the vegetation we would like," Boor said. "That could be where you're seeing more of them."

While the wasps are generally harmless to humans, the same cannot be said for dog day cicadas. The female wasps find cicadas, sting and paralyze them, then drag them back to the burrow.

"They lay one single egg on top of the cicada, then bury it," said Boor. "When that egg hatches, it eats that cicada. That's its food source to be able to pupate. It pupates and stays underground until the next spring, then they come out the next June."

Females typically will not sting humans but may if they are stepped on with bare feet or grabbed with bare hands. Certain insecticides may be used to help control cicada killer populations but there are also natural ways to keep the insects away.

"If you're seeing them and don't want them around, try to discourage them by mulching or making sure the ground is covered," Boor said. "Otherwise, if you don't have that many of them, really watch them and admire how cool they are that that big of a wasp will drag that big of an insect into a burrow for the young's food source. I think that's really cool." 

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2024/8/1724338504814.png" alt="A cicada killer wasp dragging its prey that will eventually be a food source for the wasp's offspring. (photo by K-State Entomology)" />
 <figcaption>A cicada killer wasp dragging its prey that will eventually be a food source for the wasp's offspring. (photo by K-State Entomology)</figcaption>
 </figure>By MIKE COURSON Great Bend PostNo, those are not the infamous "murder hornets" flying around Barton County. While the historic outbreak of two broods of cicadas occurred earlier this year in the eastern United States, dry conditions in Kansas may be contributing to a higher number of large cicada killer wasps. Alicia Boor, agriculture and natural resources agent in the Cottonwood District for K-State Research and Extension, said while intimidating, the cicada killers are mostly harmless."They're just a huge wasp but they are not dangerous to humans at all," she said. "If you leave them alone, they'll leave you alone. They might try to dive bomb you a little bit. That's because they're trying to protect their territory, especially the males."The flying insects are approximately two inches long with black and yellow-banded markings on the abdomen. The transparent wings are red-brown. Males establish an aerial territory and may hover around humans to determine if they are a threat but the males cannot sting. Females burrow 6-10 inches into the ground, typically in sandy or loose soil."With the drought, we do have maybe not quite as thick of lawns and maybe some dieback just because we haven't had the rain to be able to produce the vegetation we would like," Boor said. "That could be where you're seeing more of them."While the wasps are generally harmless to humans, the same cannot be said for dog day cicadas. The female wasps find cicadas, sting and paralyze them, then drag them back to the burrow."They lay one single egg on top of the cicada, then bury it," said Boor. "When that egg hatches, it eats that cicada. That's its food source to be able to pupate. It pupates and stays underground until the next spring, then they come out the next June."Females typically will not sting humans but may if they are stepped on with bare feet or grabbed with bare hands. Certain insecticides may be used to help control cicada killer populations but there are also natural ways to keep the insects away."If you're seeing them and don't want them around, try to discourage them by mulching or making sure the ground is covered," Boor said. "Otherwise, if you don't have that many of them, really watch them and admire how cool they are that that big of a wasp will drag that big of an insect into a burrow for the young's food source. I think that's really cool." <div><iframe title="Great Bend Post Podcast" allowtransparency="true" height="315" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:315px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?i=exg2z-fe3d77-pbblog-playlist&share=1&download=1&rtl=0&fonts=Arial&skin=f6f6f6&font-color=auto&logo_link=episode_page&order=episodic&limit=10&filter=all&ss=a713390a017602015775e868a2cf26b0&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=315" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>

Large cicada killer wasps in Barton Co. not a threat to humans

Beef cattle outlook, coccidiosis, pasture burning and the first 30 days on feed are among topics planned for 2024 Kansas State University Beef Stocker Field Day on Thursday, Sept. 26. The conference will be hosted at the KSU Beef Stocker Unit.

Dale Blasi, a K-State animal sciences and industry professor and&nbsp;beef&nbsp;extension specialist, said this year’s agenda includes an outlook on the&nbsp;beef&nbsp;cattle market as well as future trends in the feeding industry, and the opportunities and challenges of beef on diary.

“The experiences and thoughts of our assembled speakers and panelists will provide insights as we progress into an unknown future,” Blasi said.&nbsp;

The event will be held at K-State’s&nbsp;Beef&nbsp;Stocker&nbsp;Unit, located at 4330 Marlatt Avenue in Manhattan, beginning at 9:30 a.m. and ending near 5 p.m.The agenda includes:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

This year’s program will celebrate the 25th&nbsp;anniversary of the event. More can be found on the&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://www.asi.k-state.edu/events/stockerfieldday/">Beef Stocker webpage</a>&nbsp;where video recordings of prior years are also available.

Registration is $25 and due Sept. 14. Walk-in registration is available for $35. To register, visit&nbsp;asi.ksu.edu/stockerfieldday.&nbsp;For more information, contact Katie Smith at 785-532-1267 or&nbsp;<a href="mailto:katiesmith@ksu.edu">katiesmith@ksu.edu</a>.&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Beef cattle outlook, coccidiosis, pasture burning and the first 30 days on feed are among topics planned for 2024 Kansas State University Beef Stocker Field Day on Thursday, Sept. 26. The conference will be hosted at the KSU Beef Stocker Unit.Dale Blasi, a K-State animal sciences and industry professor and&nbsp;beef&nbsp;extension specialist, said this year’s agenda includes an outlook on the&nbsp;beef&nbsp;cattle market as well as future trends in the feeding industry, and the opportunities and challenges of beef on diary.“The experiences and thoughts of our assembled speakers and panelists will provide insights as we progress into an unknown future,” Blasi said.&nbsp;The event will be held at K-State’s&nbsp;Beef&nbsp;Stocker&nbsp;Unit, located at 4330 Marlatt Avenue in Manhattan, beginning at 9:30 a.m. and ending near 5 p.m.The agenda includes:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<ul>
 <li>Beef&nbsp;Cattle Outlook.&nbsp;</li><li>Producer Panel – Beef on Dairy – Opportunities and Challenges. &nbsp;</li><li>Coccidiosis: The Silent Thief Robbing Profits in Your Stocker Operation</li><li>Future Trends in the Kansas Cattle Feeding Industry.&nbsp;</li>
 </ul>This year’s program will celebrate the 25th&nbsp;anniversary of the event. More can be found on the&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://www.asi.k-state.edu/events/stockerfieldday/">Beef Stocker webpage</a>&nbsp;where video recordings of prior years are also available.Registration is $25 and due Sept. 14. Walk-in registration is available for $35. To register, visit&nbsp;asi.ksu.edu/stockerfieldday.&nbsp;For more information, contact Katie Smith at 785-532-1267 or&nbsp;<a href="mailto:katiesmith@ksu.edu">katiesmith@ksu.edu</a>.&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.<div><iframe title="Great Bend Post Podcast" allowtransparency="true" height="315" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:315px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?i=exg2z-fe3d77-pbblog-playlist&share=1&download=1&rtl=0&fonts=Arial&skin=f6f6f6&font-color=auto&logo_link=episode_page&order=episodic&limit=10&filter=all&ss=a713390a017602015775e868a2cf26b0&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=315" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>

BOOR: K-State Beef Stocker Field Day Sept. 26

For me, not many things beat the rejuvenation of a good night's sleep. I feel alert, focused, and ready to tackle the day. On the other hand, restless nights lead to sluggish mornings and dull afternoons.

It’s amazing how sleep quality directly affects quality of life, and there’s reason for it. Sleep plays an important role in how the entire body functions! Specifically, it makes a big impact on brain health, immune function, metabolism, mood, and heart health:

· Learning and memory- During sleep, the brain stores away memories, and it clears plaque that is associated with Alzheimer’s Disease.

· Illness- While your mind rests during sleep, your immune system works hard. Antibodies and cytokines that fight infection and viruses are produced during sleep.

· Hormone alterations- Sleep deprivation can change hormone production. For example, insufficient sleep increases cortisol levels and raises appetite. This can make weight management difficult. However, sufficient sleep supports healthy hormone production and also defends against irritability, inability to concentrate, and depression.

· Cardiovascular health- Getting enough sleep improves heart health. Sleep disorders are linked to hypertension, increased stress, and irregular heartbeat.

Research shows that people who consistently fail to get enough sleep are at an increased risk of chronic disease. Treating sleep as a priority, rather than a luxury, may be an important step in preventing many chronic conditions.

If you currently have difficulty sleeping, pay close attention to your sleeping habits. Here are a few recommendations to help you fall asleep and stay asleep:

· Get into the routine of going to bed at the same time each night and waking up at the same time each morning.

· Avoid large meals, caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol before bedtime. Also, try not to exercise immediately before you sleep.

· Make your environment quiet, cool, dark, and relaxing. Keep technology out of reach.

As you know, sleep is vital for a healthy body. Plus, it simply makes you feel better. Good sleep doesn’t have to be a luxury. In fact, quality sleep should be a priority for your physical and mental health!

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>For me, not many things beat the rejuvenation of a good night's sleep. I feel alert, focused, and ready to tackle the day. On the other hand, restless nights lead to sluggish mornings and dull afternoons.It’s amazing how sleep quality directly affects quality of life, and there’s reason for it. Sleep plays an important role in how the entire body functions! Specifically, it makes a big impact on brain health, immune function, metabolism, mood, and heart health:· Learning and memory- During sleep, the brain stores away memories, and it clears plaque that is associated with Alzheimer’s Disease.· Illness- While your mind rests during sleep, your immune system works hard. Antibodies and cytokines that fight infection and viruses are produced during sleep.· Hormone alterations- Sleep deprivation can change hormone production. For example, insufficient sleep increases cortisol levels and raises appetite. This can make weight management difficult. However, sufficient sleep supports healthy hormone production and also defends against irritability, inability to concentrate, and depression.· Cardiovascular health- Getting enough sleep improves heart health. Sleep disorders are linked to hypertension, increased stress, and irregular heartbeat.Research shows that people who consistently fail to get enough sleep are at an increased risk of chronic disease. Treating sleep as a priority, rather than a luxury, may be an important step in preventing many chronic conditions.If you currently have difficulty sleeping, pay close attention to your sleeping habits. Here are a few recommendations to help you fall asleep and stay asleep:· Get into the routine of going to bed at the same time each night and waking up at the same time each morning.· Avoid large meals, caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol before bedtime. Also, try not to exercise immediately before you sleep.· Make your environment quiet, cool, dark, and relaxing. Keep technology out of reach.As you know, sleep is vital for a healthy body. Plus, it simply makes you feel better. Good sleep doesn’t have to be a luxury. In fact, quality sleep should be a priority for your physical and mental health!Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.<div><iframe title="Great Bend Post Podcast" allowtransparency="true" height="315" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:315px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?i=exg2z-fe3d77-pbblog-playlist&share=1&download=1&rtl=0&fonts=Arial&skin=f6f6f6&font-color=auto&logo_link=episode_page&order=episodic&limit=10&filter=all&ss=a713390a017602015775e868a2cf26b0&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=315" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>

WINKEL: The role of sleep - make it a priority

It is just about time for the Kansas State Fair! The State Fair will kick off on Friday, September 6th, and run through Sunday, September 15th.

We had 42 4-H youth in Barton County qualify to take an entry to the State Fair. From those 42, we have over 80 entries!

I always say this day of delivering 4-H exhibits to the Kansas State Fair is one of the scariest driving days that I experience all year. Fragile visual arts projects, entomology and geology boxes, small woodworking projects, and cakes, pies, and cookies – Oh My!

Several 4-H youth will take part in contests such as modeling for Fashion Revue, participating with a photography judging team, or presenting a demonstration or illustrated talk.

As a ten-year 4-H member, I lived too far from Hutchinson to ever see my State Fair exhibits on display so I encourage all of our 4-H members to check out the 4-H exhibits!

If you attend the State Fair on a weekend, be sure to stop in Centennial Hall and listen to a few demonstrations or project talks. These youth are working hard to improve their communication skills and it is fun to see their ideas. Over 1200 4-H photographs will be on display as well as a wealth of rockets, sewing, quilting, and horticulture exhibits.

In case you are wondering, the foods entries are judged on Thursday, September 5th, and only a small number of samples are kept on display due to space constraints. The other portion of the foods entry is placed in a bake sale which benefits the International Foreign Youth Exchange (IFYE) program so be sure to check this out if you happen to be in Hutchinson on the afternoon of September 5th.

Come visit the Kansas State Fair and step off the midway for a while to see the wide variety of talents and skills on display by 4-H members across our state!

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

All Kansas Extension education programs and materials are available to all individuals without discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age or disability.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668177490614.jpeg" alt="written by: Michelle Beran - 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Michelle Beran - 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>It is just about time for the Kansas State Fair! The State Fair will kick off on Friday, September 6th, and run through Sunday, September 15th.We had 42 4-H youth in Barton County qualify to take an entry to the State Fair. From those 42, we have over 80 entries!I always say this day of delivering 4-H exhibits to the Kansas State Fair is one of the scariest driving days that I experience all year. Fragile visual arts projects, entomology and geology boxes, small woodworking projects, and cakes, pies, and cookies – Oh My!Several 4-H youth will take part in contests such as modeling for Fashion Revue, participating with a photography judging team, or presenting a demonstration or illustrated talk.As a ten-year 4-H member, I lived too far from Hutchinson to ever see my State Fair exhibits on display so I encourage all of our 4-H members to check out the 4-H exhibits!If you attend the State Fair on a weekend, be sure to stop in Centennial Hall and listen to a few demonstrations or project talks. These youth are working hard to improve their communication skills and it is fun to see their ideas. Over 1200 4-H photographs will be on display as well as a wealth of rockets, sewing, quilting, and horticulture exhibits.In case you are wondering, the foods entries are judged on Thursday, September 5th, and only a small number of samples are kept on display due to space constraints. The other portion of the foods entry is placed in a bake sale which benefits the International Foreign Youth Exchange (IFYE) program so be sure to check this out if you happen to be in Hutchinson on the afternoon of September 5th.Come visit the Kansas State Fair and step off the midway for a while to see the wide variety of talents and skills on display by 4-H members across our state!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.All Kansas Extension education programs and materials are available to all individuals without discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age or disability.

BERAN: Kansas State Fair time

We canned meat, lots and lots of meat! On August 7, 2024, the Cottonwood Extension District hosted a meat canning class held by K-State Research and Extension Specialist, Karen Blakeslee. We had 15 people attend from Ellis County and several of the surrounding counties, including Russell, Barton, and Ness counties. We canned chicken, beef, and hamburger that afternoon. Some of the attendees had canned before but many of them were new to canning meat. All attendees were able to take home at least one can of each meat.

I was intrigued by canning meat when I took a 3-day canning class that Karen offers specifically to agents. We were able to bring home the produce and meat canned and I found it so easy to put dinner on the table when the meat was ready to go! And the flavor of canned meat is amazing!

In addition to hands on meat canning, Karen spoke about best practices for safe food preservation, dehydration and freezing. Participants went home with lots of handouts and freebies from the Kansas Beef Council as well.

Many thanks to the First United Methodist Church for allowing us to hold programs in their wonderfully stocked kitchen!

If you haven’t had a chance to listen to Karen speak, you are missing out. She is very knowledgeable about all things food preservation. If you are interested in other food preservation workshops, Karen is holding a pickling class in Salina on August 22 from 12-5PM. Check out our Facebook page for the details or go to Central Kansas District Facebook page.

If you are interested in learning more about food preservation, please contact Monique at moniquek@ksu.edu or visit the Cottonwood Extension District website at https://cottonwood.k-state.edu/.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2024/8/1723565219135.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>We canned meat, lots and lots of meat! On August 7, 2024, the Cottonwood Extension District hosted a meat canning class held by K-State Research and Extension Specialist, Karen Blakeslee. We had 15 people attend from Ellis County and several of the surrounding counties, including Russell, Barton, and Ness counties. We canned chicken, beef, and hamburger that afternoon. Some of the attendees had canned before but many of them were new to canning meat. All attendees were able to take home at least one can of each meat.I was intrigued by canning meat when I took a 3-day canning class that Karen offers specifically to agents. We were able to bring home the produce and meat canned and I found it so easy to put dinner on the table when the meat was ready to go! And the flavor of canned meat is amazing!In addition to hands on meat canning, Karen spoke about best practices for safe food preservation, dehydration and freezing. Participants went home with lots of handouts and freebies from the Kansas Beef Council as well.Many thanks to the First United Methodist Church for allowing us to hold programs in their wonderfully stocked kitchen!If you haven’t had a chance to listen to Karen speak, you are missing out. She is very knowledgeable about all things food preservation. If you are interested in other food preservation workshops, Karen is holding a pickling class in Salina on August 22 from 12-5PM. Check out our Facebook page for the details or go to Central Kansas District Facebook page.If you are interested in learning more about food preservation, please contact Monique at moniquek@ksu.edu or visit the Cottonwood Extension District website at https://cottonwood.k-state.edu/.&nbsp;Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: Food preservation - meat

As temperatures rise and the time between rains decreases, many homeowners begin to increase the frequency of watering their outdoor plants, and when a whole community of folks engage in watering it can impact both the amount and quality of water available, said Sedgwick County extension horticulture agent Matthew McKernan.

“July, August and September are the peak months for outdoor water use and in a lot of places, up to 40% or more of the municipal water is used for landscaping and irrigation purposes,” McKernan said.

Keeping that in mind and recognizing that water demands are increasing, McKernan added: “Much of Kansas has experienced drought over the last few years and it can have a big impact on our community lakes, ponds and waterways that cannot be refilled with water in just one or two rainfall events.

“As surface water decreases, people turn to groundwater for lawns and gardens and that can lead to water quality issues because water is being pulled from the ground faster than it can recharge.”

To best manage this limited resource, McKernan offers tips on ways that homeowners can use water efficiently when caring for outdoor plants.

“One simple thing that people can do is grouping more drought-tolerant plants together in the landscape so that the irrigation system can water more efficiently,” McKernan said. “A lot of native plants are naturally going to be more drought tolerant.”

For a list of drought-tolerant plants and trees, McKernan recommended people check out these two handouts, which are available online:&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://www.sedgwick.k-state.edu/gardening-lawn-care/documents/Water%20Wise%20Plants%202015.pdf">Water Wise Plant List for South Central Kansas</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/download/drought-tolerant-trees-for-south-central-kansas_MF3246">Drought Tolerant Trees of South Central Kansas</a>.

“When we irrigate, we want to water slowly, deeply and infrequently,” McKernan said. “It is best to use irrigation systems that deliver water directly to the soil so that the water doesn’t blow away in the wind or evaporate off the leaves. The best time of day to water is the morning.”

He recommends using a drip irrigation system with pressure-regulated emitters so that every hole in the system is sending out the same amount of water, which is different than soaker hoses that tend to put out more water at the beginning of the line than the end.

“Another irrigation option to consider is a smart irrigation system that adjusts the water that is applied based on the needs of the plant and the conditions outside, rather than a set schedule,” McKernan said.

Regarding the frequency of the watering, he recommends limiting it to one to two times/week to enhance root growth.

“By encouraging periods of mini drought, the plants will grow their roots deeper into the ground allowing them to naturally withstand longer periods of drought,” McKernan said.

The pace of the water absorption will vary depending on the soil type.

“Most of the water waste in irrigation occurs when we are watering too much and the water is running off the surface because the soil can only absorb so much water in a given amount of time,” he said.&nbsp;

To keep this water waste from happening, he recommends watering in zones for shorter periods of time and then rotating back through once the water has been absorbed.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>As temperatures rise and the time between rains decreases, many homeowners begin to increase the frequency of watering their outdoor plants, and when a whole community of folks engage in watering it can impact both the amount and quality of water available, said Sedgwick County extension horticulture agent Matthew McKernan.“July, August and September are the peak months for outdoor water use and in a lot of places, up to 40% or more of the municipal water is used for landscaping and irrigation purposes,” McKernan said.Keeping that in mind and recognizing that water demands are increasing, McKernan added: “Much of Kansas has experienced drought over the last few years and it can have a big impact on our community lakes, ponds and waterways that cannot be refilled with water in just one or two rainfall events.“As surface water decreases, people turn to groundwater for lawns and gardens and that can lead to water quality issues because water is being pulled from the ground faster than it can recharge.”To best manage this limited resource, McKernan offers tips on ways that homeowners can use water efficiently when caring for outdoor plants.“One simple thing that people can do is grouping more drought-tolerant plants together in the landscape so that the irrigation system can water more efficiently,” McKernan said. “A lot of native plants are naturally going to be more drought tolerant.”For a list of drought-tolerant plants and trees, McKernan recommended people check out these two handouts, which are available online:&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://www.sedgwick.k-state.edu/gardening-lawn-care/documents/Water%20Wise%20Plants%202015.pdf">Water Wise Plant List for South Central Kansas</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/download/drought-tolerant-trees-for-south-central-kansas_MF3246">Drought Tolerant Trees of South Central Kansas</a>.He also had advice on watering.“When we irrigate, we want to water slowly, deeply and infrequently,” McKernan said. “It is best to use irrigation systems that deliver water directly to the soil so that the water doesn’t blow away in the wind or evaporate off the leaves. The best time of day to water is the morning.”He recommends using a drip irrigation system with pressure-regulated emitters so that every hole in the system is sending out the same amount of water, which is different than soaker hoses that tend to put out more water at the beginning of the line than the end.“Another irrigation option to consider is a smart irrigation system that adjusts the water that is applied based on the needs of the plant and the conditions outside, rather than a set schedule,” McKernan said.Regarding the frequency of the watering, he recommends limiting it to one to two times/week to enhance root growth.“By encouraging periods of mini drought, the plants will grow their roots deeper into the ground allowing them to naturally withstand longer periods of drought,” McKernan said.The pace of the water absorption will vary depending on the soil type.“Most of the water waste in irrigation occurs when we are watering too much and the water is running off the surface because the soil can only absorb so much water in a given amount of time,” he said.&nbsp;To keep this water waste from happening, he recommends watering in zones for shorter periods of time and then rotating back through once the water has been absorbed.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Watering landscapes

Variety selection is one of the most important decisions that a grower can make to ensure success on their farm. Now is the time when wheat producers across Kansas are reviewing yield data and making decisions about the varieties they will plant in the fall. Although yield is always a top priority, disease, and insect resistance, along with appropriate agronomic traits, can buffer against crop losses. In addition, genetic resistance to diseases and insect pests can be the most effective, economical, and environmentally sound method for control.

The Kansas Wheat Variety Guide 2024 (formerly called Wheat Variety Disease and Insect Ratings), from K-State Research and Extension, has now been released for this year. Agronomic characteristics, disease, and pest resistance information are included, as well as profiles that highlight some more common or new varieties for the state of Kansas.

Ratings in this publication represent results from field and greenhouse evaluations by public and private wheat researchers at multiple locations over multiple years.

A few other resources available to assist farmers with wheat variety selection is the Kansas Wheat Variety Performance Tests that are conducted around the state at K-State Experiment Stations and in other locations. These variety performance tests are replicated, each variety is randomly planted in four different locations in the field to increase accuracy of the yield data. That information along with all the other resources referenced in this article can be accessed from our Cottonwood Extension District web site at www.cottonwood.ksu.edu click onto the Crops and Livestock tab and look under Hot Topics for any of these resources.

The Colorado Wheat Trials Database decision tool provides complete access to variety information and data from university variety trials in Colorado and several other Great Plains states including Kansas. The database also includes private company trial data (Limagrain Cereal Seeds, Syngenta-Agripro). The database may be used to find up-to-date wheat variety information, display data from individual trial locations, generate summaries across multiple trial locations and years, and generate head-to-head comparisons for varieties of interest. It is an easy tool to use and very helpful!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Variety selection is one of the most important decisions that a grower can make to ensure success on their farm. Now is the time when wheat producers across Kansas are reviewing yield data and making decisions about the varieties they will plant in the fall. Although yield is always a top priority, disease, and insect resistance, along with appropriate agronomic traits, can buffer against crop losses. In addition, genetic resistance to diseases and insect pests can be the most effective, economical, and environmentally sound method for control.The Kansas Wheat Variety Guide 2024 (formerly called Wheat Variety Disease and Insect Ratings), from K-State Research and Extension, has now been released for this year. Agronomic characteristics, disease, and pest resistance information are included, as well as profiles that highlight some more common or new varieties for the state of Kansas.Ratings in this publication represent results from field and greenhouse evaluations by public and private wheat researchers at multiple locations over multiple years.A few other resources available to assist farmers with wheat variety selection is the Kansas Wheat Variety Performance Tests that are conducted around the state at K-State Experiment Stations and in other locations. These variety performance tests are replicated, each variety is randomly planted in four different locations in the field to increase accuracy of the yield data. That information along with all the other resources referenced in this article can be accessed from our Cottonwood Extension District web site at www.cottonwood.ksu.edu click onto the Crops and Livestock tab and look under Hot Topics for any of these resources.The Colorado Wheat Trials Database decision tool provides complete access to variety information and data from university variety trials in Colorado and several other Great Plains states including Kansas. The database also includes private company trial data (Limagrain Cereal Seeds, Syngenta-Agripro). The database may be used to find up-to-date wheat variety information, display data from individual trial locations, generate summaries across multiple trial locations and years, and generate head-to-head comparisons for varieties of interest. It is an easy tool to use and very helpful!Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Kansas Wheat Variety Guide 2024 is now available

120/ 80. It’s the blood pressure number we all aim for, but what does the ratio stand for?

The top number, known as systole, measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts, pumping blood to the body. The bottom number, diastole, measures the pressure in the arteries as the heart relaxes, filling with blood.

Blood pressure can vary from minute to minute with stress and sleep changes, and for some of us, white coat syndrome spikes blood pressure as we walk into the doctor’s office. While we know that keeping blood pressure in check is good, we may not fully understand why high blood pressure can put our health at risk.

High blood pressure is a condition that often goes unnoticed. With little to no symptoms, hypertension has coined the name, “the silent killer” because it can cause major damage to the heart, brain, eyes, and kidneys before it feels like anything is wrong. This is why regularly checking blood pressure and taking measures to reduce hypertension is vital! Watching alcohol consumption, cholesterol levels, and sodium intake can all make a difference.

If you want to take control of your blood pressure, form the habit of reducing sodium. The American Heart Association names six popular foods to watch for, known as The Salty Six:

· Bread and rolls – One slice of bread can contain as much as 230 milligrams of sodium.

· Cold cuts and cured meats – Deli or pre-packaged meats can have as much as 1,050 milligrams of sodium.

· Pizza – One slice can contain up to 760 milligrams.

· Poultry – Choose your chicken wisely, avoiding products enhanced with a sodium solution. Just 3 ounces of fast-food-style nuggets can contain almost 600 milligrams of sodium.

· Soup – One cup of canned chicken noodle soup can have up to 940 milligrams of sodium.

· Sandwiches – A sandwich can easily top 1,500 milligrams of sodium.

While the daily recommended sodium intake is 2,300 mg, it can be easy to overdo salt because it’s disguised in everyday foods. This is why it’s important to check nutrition labels for sodium content; you may be surprised to find sodium in foods that don’t taste salty! Choose “no salt added” and “low sodium” products and cook with plenty of herbs and spices.

If nutrition labels overwhelm you, simply swapping processed foods for fresh options can help. Fresh fruits and vegetables are naturally low in sodium and high in nutrients.

Of course, reducing sodium isn’t the only way to improve blood pressure. Stress management, regular exercise, and avoiding tobacco products are just a few other lifestyle factors that can play a part. Incorporating these habit shifts can make the world of difference in your blood pressure and health for years to come.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>120/ 80. It’s the blood pressure number we all aim for, but what does the ratio stand for?The top number, known as systole, measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts, pumping blood to the body. The bottom number, diastole, measures the pressure in the arteries as the heart relaxes, filling with blood.Blood pressure can vary from minute to minute with stress and sleep changes, and for some of us, white coat syndrome spikes blood pressure as we walk into the doctor’s office. While we know that keeping blood pressure in check is good, we may not fully understand why high blood pressure can put our health at risk.High blood pressure is a condition that often goes unnoticed. With little to no symptoms, hypertension has coined the name, “the silent killer” because it can cause major damage to the heart, brain, eyes, and kidneys before it feels like anything is wrong. This is why regularly checking blood pressure and taking measures to reduce hypertension is vital! Watching alcohol consumption, cholesterol levels, and sodium intake can all make a difference.If you want to take control of your blood pressure, form the habit of reducing sodium. The American Heart Association names six popular foods to watch for, known as The Salty Six:· Bread and rolls – One slice of bread can contain as much as 230 milligrams of sodium.· Cold cuts and cured meats – Deli or pre-packaged meats can have as much as 1,050 milligrams of sodium.· Pizza – One slice can contain up to 760 milligrams.· Poultry – Choose your chicken wisely, avoiding products enhanced with a sodium solution. Just 3 ounces of fast-food-style nuggets can contain almost 600 milligrams of sodium.· Soup – One cup of canned chicken noodle soup can have up to 940 milligrams of sodium.· Sandwiches – A sandwich can easily top 1,500 milligrams of sodium.While the daily recommended sodium intake is 2,300 mg, it can be easy to overdo salt because it’s disguised in everyday foods. This is why it’s important to check nutrition labels for sodium content; you may be surprised to find sodium in foods that don’t taste salty! Choose “no salt added” and “low sodium” products and cook with plenty of herbs and spices.If nutrition labels overwhelm you, simply swapping processed foods for fresh options can help. Fresh fruits and vegetables are naturally low in sodium and high in nutrients.Of course, reducing sodium isn’t the only way to improve blood pressure. Stress management, regular exercise, and avoiding tobacco products are just a few other lifestyle factors that can play a part. Incorporating these habit shifts can make the world of difference in your blood pressure and health for years to come.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: The salty six with blood pressure control

Drought-stressed crops tend to accumulate high nitrate levels in the lower leaves and stalk of the plant. Crops such as forage and grain sorghum, sudangrass, hybrid sorghum-sudan, and pearl millet are notorious accumulators. Nitrates accumulate in the lower portion of these plants when stresses reduce crop yields to less than expected, based on the supplied nitrogen fertility level. Nitrate toxicity in livestock is caused by its absorption into the bloodstream and binding to hemoglobin, rendering it unable to carry oxygen throughout the body. The result is eventual asphyxiation and death.&nbsp;

Animals under stress (sick, hungry, lactating, or pregnant) are more susceptible to nitrate toxicity than healthy animals. Toxicity is related to the total amount of forage consumed and how quickly it is eaten. Generally, forages containing more than 6,000 ppm nitrate should be considered potentially toxic. Symptoms of toxicity may appear within a few hours after eating or not for several days. Signs include reduced appetite, weight loss, diarrhea, and runny eyes.

It is wise for producers to test their drought-stricken forage prior to harvest. Nitrate testing can be done through several labs, including the&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://www.agronomy.k-state.edu/outreach-and-services/soil-testing-lab/plant-forage-grain-analysis/producers.html">K-State Soil Testing Laboratory</a>. Not all labs use the same testing procedure so be sure to use the scale provided by the testing lab. Harvesting the forage 6-to-12 inches above the ground to avoid the highest concentrations of nitrate in the plant is a good practice. Producers should collect a good representative forage sample above this cutting height to get an accurate determination of the nitrate concentration. It's important to consider factors like actual nitrate concentration, storing and feeding methods, and forage availability, as these can significantly impact the safety of your livestock. Toxicity is related to the total amount of nitrate in the diet and how quickly it is eaten. Generally, if forages contain more than 6,000 ppm nitrate, they should be considered potentially toxic.

Depending on the planned feeding method, a producer may wish to test different parts of the plant. If wrapping the forage into a bale and feeding it directly to livestock, a producer may want to test the lowest part of the stalk to determine the greatest risk of nitrate forage that the animal could ingest. If a producer was planning on grinding the bale, a whole plant sample above what will be left in the field may be a more accurate representation of what will be eaten. High-nitrate forages chopped for silage and properly ensiled are a safer option for livestock feeding. During the ensiling process, potentially 50 percent of the nitrates in the forage will be metabolized by the microbes and can vastly reduce the risk of poisoning.

Grazing high nitrate forages can be a dangerous practice. This option requires very careful management. Grazing pressure should be limited so that animals do not consume the parts of the plant forage testing has shown to be dangerous. Although animals tend to consume the leaves and the top portions of the plant, which contain less nitrates, the risk of consuming a high-nitrate portion of the plant still exists. In addition, the longer the animal is left on a field and the more that animal is forced to eat the remaining forage at the lower portions of the plant, the greater the risk of nitrate poisoning.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Drought-stressed crops tend to accumulate high nitrate levels in the lower leaves and stalk of the plant. Crops such as forage and grain sorghum, sudangrass, hybrid sorghum-sudan, and pearl millet are notorious accumulators. Nitrates accumulate in the lower portion of these plants when stresses reduce crop yields to less than expected, based on the supplied nitrogen fertility level. Nitrate toxicity in livestock is caused by its absorption into the bloodstream and binding to hemoglobin, rendering it unable to carry oxygen throughout the body. The result is eventual asphyxiation and death.&nbsp;Animals under stress (sick, hungry, lactating, or pregnant) are more susceptible to nitrate toxicity than healthy animals. Toxicity is related to the total amount of forage consumed and how quickly it is eaten. Generally, forages containing more than 6,000 ppm nitrate should be considered potentially toxic. Symptoms of toxicity may appear within a few hours after eating or not for several days. Signs include reduced appetite, weight loss, diarrhea, and runny eyes.It is wise for producers to test their drought-stricken forage prior to harvest. Nitrate testing can be done through several labs, including the&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://www.agronomy.k-state.edu/outreach-and-services/soil-testing-lab/plant-forage-grain-analysis/producers.html">K-State Soil Testing Laboratory</a>. Not all labs use the same testing procedure so be sure to use the scale provided by the testing lab. Harvesting the forage 6-to-12 inches above the ground to avoid the highest concentrations of nitrate in the plant is a good practice. Producers should collect a good representative forage sample above this cutting height to get an accurate determination of the nitrate concentration. It's important to consider factors like actual nitrate concentration, storing and feeding methods, and forage availability, as these can significantly impact the safety of your livestock. Toxicity is related to the total amount of nitrate in the diet and how quickly it is eaten. Generally, if forages contain more than 6,000 ppm nitrate, they should be considered potentially toxic.Depending on the planned feeding method, a producer may wish to test different parts of the plant. If wrapping the forage into a bale and feeding it directly to livestock, a producer may want to test the lowest part of the stalk to determine the greatest risk of nitrate forage that the animal could ingest. If a producer was planning on grinding the bale, a whole plant sample above what will be left in the field may be a more accurate representation of what will be eaten. High-nitrate forages chopped for silage and properly ensiled are a safer option for livestock feeding. During the ensiling process, potentially 50 percent of the nitrates in the forage will be metabolized by the microbes and can vastly reduce the risk of poisoning.Grazing high nitrate forages can be a dangerous practice. This option requires very careful management. Grazing pressure should be limited so that animals do not consume the parts of the plant forage testing has shown to be dangerous. Although animals tend to consume the leaves and the top portions of the plant, which contain less nitrates, the risk of consuming a high-nitrate portion of the plant still exists. In addition, the longer the animal is left on a field and the more that animal is forced to eat the remaining forage at the lower portions of the plant, the greater the risk of nitrate poisoning.&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Nitrate level testing

You are probably asking yourself, “What is QPR?” QPR stands for Question, Persuade and Refer. Three steps anyone can learn to help prevent suicide. QPR is a suicide-prevention training designed to educate people from all walks of life on how to recognize the warning signs of suicide. QPR training helps people get comfortable asking the question "Are you thinking about suicide?" and then helping others get appropriate help.

The world is experiencing a global mental health crisis and Kansas is not exempt. There has been a statistically significant 51.4% increase in the suicide death rate from 2011 to 2022 and in 2022 there were 8,453 Kansans who visited an Emergency Department for suicidal ideation (KDHE Suicide-Related Data). The QPR mission is to reduce suicidal behaviors and save lives by providing innovative, practical and proven suicide prevention training. The signs of crisis are all around us. We believe that quality education empowers all people, regardless of their background to make a positive difference in the life of someone they know.

K-State Research and Extension is committed to helping the mental health crisis in Kansas by creating the Stress and Resiliency Transdisciplinary team. Our Stress and Resiliency team provides educational information about stress, stress management and resiliency, or one’s ability to adapt positively to difficult experiences. Areas of focus include all types of stress and general mental health information, because stress impacts all of us – regardless of demographic.

Increasing awareness and people’s willingness to talk about mental health will encourage more Kansans to get the help they need. Another goal is to equip Kansans with tools and techniques that help them recognize and manage stress within their lives, families and communities. Our team also strives to educate Kansans about resiliency - how to enhance it and how to incorporate it into their daily lives.

One of the initiatives of the Stress and Resiliency Team is to train agents in QPR among other educational trainings. Recently, Monique Koerner joined Alicia Boor in becoming a QPR

gatekeeper for the Cottonwood Extension District. We are available to present QPR to a wide variety of audiences. Some examples would include workplaces, schools, colleges and universities, faith communities, emergency departments and services, and other civic organizations that are interested in learning more about the mental health crisis and suicide prevention.

For more information about mental health, stress, stress management or to schedule a QPR training, please contact Cottonwood Extension District at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910. Or email Monique at moniquek@ksu.edu or Alica at aboor@ksu.edu

Alicia Boor is the Agriculture and Natural Resource Agent. You can reach her at 620-793-1910 or aboor@ksu.edu. Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>You are probably asking yourself, “What is QPR?” QPR stands for Question, Persuade and Refer. Three steps anyone can learn to help prevent suicide. QPR is a suicide-prevention training designed to educate people from all walks of life on how to recognize the warning signs of suicide. QPR training helps people get comfortable asking the question "Are you thinking about suicide?" and then helping others get appropriate help.The world is experiencing a global mental health crisis and Kansas is not exempt. There has been a statistically significant 51.4% increase in the suicide death rate from 2011 to 2022 and in 2022 there were 8,453 Kansans who visited an Emergency Department for suicidal ideation (KDHE Suicide-Related Data). The QPR mission is to reduce suicidal behaviors and save lives by providing innovative, practical and proven suicide prevention training. The signs of crisis are all around us. We believe that quality education empowers all people, regardless of their background to make a positive difference in the life of someone they know.K-State Research and Extension is committed to helping the mental health crisis in Kansas by creating the Stress and Resiliency Transdisciplinary team. Our Stress and Resiliency team provides educational information about stress, stress management and resiliency, or one’s ability to adapt positively to difficult experiences. Areas of focus include all types of stress and general mental health information, because stress impacts all of us – regardless of demographic.Increasing awareness and people’s willingness to talk about mental health will encourage more Kansans to get the help they need. Another goal is to equip Kansans with tools and techniques that help them recognize and manage stress within their lives, families and communities. Our team also strives to educate Kansans about resiliency - how to enhance it and how to incorporate it into their daily lives.One of the initiatives of the Stress and Resiliency Team is to train agents in QPR among other educational trainings. Recently, Monique Koerner joined Alicia Boor in becoming a QPRgatekeeper for the Cottonwood Extension District. We are available to present QPR to a wide variety of audiences. Some examples would include workplaces, schools, colleges and universities, faith communities, emergency departments and services, and other civic organizations that are interested in learning more about the mental health crisis and suicide prevention.For more information about mental health, stress, stress management or to schedule a QPR training, please contact Cottonwood Extension District at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910. Or email Monique at moniquek@ksu.edu or Alica at aboor@ksu.eduAlicia Boor is the Agriculture and Natural Resource Agent. You can reach her at 620-793-1910 or aboor@ksu.edu. Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: Question, persuade and refer

Pre-emergence herbicides with residual activity are an important component of high-yielding cropping systems. They are not emphasized as much in wheat production compared to other cropping systems in Kansas, but residual herbicides applied prior to wheat emergence can be part of a good weed management system in wheat, says Sarah Lancaster, K-State Extension Weed Management Specialist. To see the selected products for this use please refer to the latest K-State Agronomy eUpdate.

Most residual herbicides labeled for pre-emergence application in wheat are Group 2 (ALS-inhibiting) herbicides, which are associated with herbicide-resistant populations of kochia, marestail (horseweed), bushy wallflower, flixweed, henbit, and brome species in Kansas. Products in Groups 14 (the PPO-inhibiting herbicides) and 15 (the long-chain fatty acid-inhibiting herbicides) are also labeled; however, they are generally more dependent on rainfall for activation than the Group 2 herbicides.

Herbicides to control emerged weeds may be applied with or without residual herbicides in the weeks prior to planting wheat. Older products include the Group 2 herbicides Amber, Olympus, and Pre-Pare, as well as Group 4 (plant growth regulating) herbicides like 2,4-D, dicamba, or fluroxypyr. It is especially important to know planting interval restrictions for Group 4 herbicides, which range from 10 to 45 days.

When selecting pre-emergence herbicides for use in wheat production, keep in mind that many of these products are also labeled for use in emerged wheat. Unless using a planned split application, avoid repeated use of products from the same herbicide group to slow the development of herbicide-resistant weed populations in your fields.

Field bindweed can be difficult to control

Field bindweed is a particularly troublesome weed to control. In a 12-year experiment conducted at the Agricultural Research Center - Hays, field bindweed reduced wheat yield by 2 to 50%. Management of this weed during wheat establishment is important because field bindweed continues to grow until temperatures drop below 20°F.

The herbicides most commonly recommended for field bindweed control include various formulations of 2,4-D, dicamba, and glyphosate. Dicamba tends to provide greater control for fall applications compared to 2,4-D or glyphosate, especially if plants are drought-stressed. Another commonly used product is Facet (quinclorac). It is most effective when applied just before the first killing frost. Other herbicides that are labeled for fall application to control or suppress field bindweed in wheat include Affinity, Aim, and Cimarron.

A single herbicide application will not achieve satisfactory control of field bindweed. It will take multiple years of herbicide applications to deplete the energy stored in the root system and control an established infestation.

For additional information, see the “2024 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, and Noncropland” guide available online at KSRE Bookstore or check with your local K-State Research and Extension office for a paper copy.

The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements. Users should read and follow all label requirements.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Pre-emergence herbicides with residual activity are an important component of high-yielding cropping systems. They are not emphasized as much in wheat production compared to other cropping systems in Kansas, but residual herbicides applied prior to wheat emergence can be part of a good weed management system in wheat, says Sarah Lancaster, K-State Extension Weed Management Specialist. To see the selected products for this use please refer to the latest K-State Agronomy eUpdate.Most residual herbicides labeled for pre-emergence application in wheat are Group 2 (ALS-inhibiting) herbicides, which are associated with herbicide-resistant populations of kochia, marestail (horseweed), bushy wallflower, flixweed, henbit, and brome species in Kansas. Products in Groups 14 (the PPO-inhibiting herbicides) and 15 (the long-chain fatty acid-inhibiting herbicides) are also labeled; however, they are generally more dependent on rainfall for activation than the Group 2 herbicides.Herbicides to control emerged weeds may be applied with or without residual herbicides in the weeks prior to planting wheat. Older products include the Group 2 herbicides Amber, Olympus, and Pre-Pare, as well as Group 4 (plant growth regulating) herbicides like 2,4-D, dicamba, or fluroxypyr. It is especially important to know planting interval restrictions for Group 4 herbicides, which range from 10 to 45 days.When selecting pre-emergence herbicides for use in wheat production, keep in mind that many of these products are also labeled for use in emerged wheat. Unless using a planned split application, avoid repeated use of products from the same herbicide group to slow the development of herbicide-resistant weed populations in your fields.Field bindweed can be difficult to controlField bindweed is a particularly troublesome weed to control. In a 12-year experiment conducted at the Agricultural Research Center - Hays, field bindweed reduced wheat yield by 2 to 50%. Management of this weed during wheat establishment is important because field bindweed continues to grow until temperatures drop below 20°F.The herbicides most commonly recommended for field bindweed control include various formulations of 2,4-D, dicamba, and glyphosate. Dicamba tends to provide greater control for fall applications compared to 2,4-D or glyphosate, especially if plants are drought-stressed. Another commonly used product is Facet (quinclorac). It is most effective when applied just before the first killing frost. Other herbicides that are labeled for fall application to control or suppress field bindweed in wheat include Affinity, Aim, and Cimarron.A single herbicide application will not achieve satisfactory control of field bindweed. It will take multiple years of herbicide applications to deplete the energy stored in the root system and control an established infestation.For additional information, see the “2024 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, and Noncropland” guide available online at KSRE Bookstore or check with your local K-State Research and Extension office for a paper copy.The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements. Users should read and follow all label requirements.

CAMPBELL: Pre-emergence herbicides in wheat

Making healthy choices is something we have the opportunity to do every day. For example, the foods and exercise we choose make a difference in our health and quality of life. However, it can be challenging to achieve a healthy balance because these choices can be difficult to make among all the other commitments in life.

The good news is that not all health-related decisions have to be challenging. For example, simply walking for 30 minutes throughout the day provides promising results. In fact, walking can improve heart health, strengthen the lungs, improve quality of sleep, and fight osteoporosis! Walking is shown to improve mood by the release of endorphins, and it lowers the risk of Alzheimer’s Disease. If walking is something you are interested in, a Walk with Ease class may be for you.

Walk with Ease (WWE) is here to help people with arthritis or other related conditions reduce pain, increase balance, strength, walking pace, and improve overall health. Walk with Ease is not only an evidence-based program, but it’s also fun! Participants have the opportunity to walk, stretch, and socialize during each session. WWE is a class created by the National Arthritis Foundation, and it is offered through Kansas State Research &amp; Extension.

Walk with Ease provides pain management and physical activity education to individuals and families. The class includes an educational book that covers various topics about walking and arthritis management, and the $20 registration fee covers the price of the book. Walk with Ease classes aim to help each participant implement realistic goals, maintain a long-term physical activity routine, and help Kansans find resources to stay active.

Are you ready to make the healthy choice the easy choice? Do you want to learn how to improve mobility and decrease pain? Are you eager to learn how to develop a personal walking plan?

Join us for our next Walk with Ease series that kicks off on September 3rd! This indoor class will take place from 2:00-3:00 p.m. on MWF at the Great Bend Rec at 1214 Stone St. For more information, please contact Karissa Winkel, Family and Community Wellness Agent to register, at krwinkel@ksu.edu or 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Making healthy choices is something we have the opportunity to do every day. For example, the foods and exercise we choose make a difference in our health and quality of life. However, it can be challenging to achieve a healthy balance because these choices can be difficult to make among all the other commitments in life.The good news is that not all health-related decisions have to be challenging. For example, simply walking for 30 minutes throughout the day provides promising results. In fact, walking can improve heart health, strengthen the lungs, improve quality of sleep, and fight osteoporosis! Walking is shown to improve mood by the release of endorphins, and it lowers the risk of Alzheimer’s Disease. If walking is something you are interested in, a Walk with Ease class may be for you.Walk with Ease (WWE) is here to help people with arthritis or other related conditions reduce pain, increase balance, strength, walking pace, and improve overall health. Walk with Ease is not only an evidence-based program, but it’s also fun! Participants have the opportunity to walk, stretch, and socialize during each session. WWE is a class created by the National Arthritis Foundation, and it is offered through Kansas State Research &amp; Extension.Walk with Ease provides pain management and physical activity education to individuals and families. The class includes an educational book that covers various topics about walking and arthritis management, and the $20 registration fee covers the price of the book. Walk with Ease classes aim to help each participant implement realistic goals, maintain a long-term physical activity routine, and help Kansans find resources to stay active.Are you ready to make the healthy choice the easy choice? Do you want to learn how to improve mobility and decrease pain? Are you eager to learn how to develop a personal walking plan?Join us for our next Walk with Ease series that kicks off on September 3rd! This indoor class will take place from 2:00-3:00 p.m. on MWF at the Great Bend Rec at 1214 Stone St. For more information, please contact Karissa Winkel, Family and Community Wellness Agent to register, at krwinkel@ksu.edu or 620-793-1910.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: Keep it simple, walk for wellness

I don’t know about you but this summer has flown by!

When our kids were small, transitioning back from long days of farm life to the much more structured pace of school was often a challenge. While they certainly had early mornings and a multitude of responsibilities for the farm, it was much different getting up and ready for the school bus every day.

I usually tried to start a few weeks ahead of time with slowly adjusting bedtime schedules. As an off-the-farm working mom, it was often stressful and I regularly worried that I had everything prepared!

Things that helped us were a white-board calendar the size of the freezer door. Each family member had their own color of dry erase marker and it made schedules a little more manageable. We also kept a grocery list on the refrigerator door and each family member was expected to add items they needed for every day or wanted for lunches.

Speaking of lunches, we had one pretty picky eater and our plan was that the kids had to check the next day’s lunch menu and had to eat at least three items on the menu including the main dish or they had to pack their lunch! Yes, I checked their lunch to make sure it wasn’t just cookies and chips! They usually did a pretty good job of packing a mostly balanced meal that they would actually eat.

I was never very good about laying out clothes the night before – I can’t manage that for myself as an adult! While I do appreciate that this habit can definitely make mornings smoother, I am still a work in progress. Keeping up on laundry was always a challenge, especially with farm dirt and working full-time, so we tried to have a schedule of washing a load a day. It sure helped when the kids were old enough to help which meant 7 or 8 was helping to fold and definitely putting their own things away. By 10 or 12, they helped with hanging things up or putting them in the dryer.

Both kids are good cooks and those skills started at an early age. Knowing the basics of food preparation allowed them to get ingredients together or begin thawing meat for a meal by the time they were in middle school.

All of those things didn’t guarantee smooth evenings especially with homework. Their normal station was in the kitchen so we could talk about assignments and their day while I made dinner and they worked on homework. It was a good way to practice conversation and have a small window into their fun, frustrations, and feelings. These days, I miss those moments but our daughter often calls on her way home from work in Kansas City and we chat while I start dinner!

Nothing of these ideas are rocket science but I hope you will look for ways to connect with your kids in car or in the kitchen.

All Kansas Extension education programs and materials are available to all individuals without discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age or disability

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>I don’t know about you but this summer has flown by!When our kids were small, transitioning back from long days of farm life to the much more structured pace of school was often a challenge. While they certainly had early mornings and a multitude of responsibilities for the farm, it was much different getting up and ready for the school bus every day.I usually tried to start a few weeks ahead of time with slowly adjusting bedtime schedules. As an off-the-farm working mom, it was often stressful and I regularly worried that I had everything prepared!Things that helped us were a white-board calendar the size of the freezer door. Each family member had their own color of dry erase marker and it made schedules a little more manageable. We also kept a grocery list on the refrigerator door and each family member was expected to add items they needed for every day or wanted for lunches.Speaking of lunches, we had one pretty picky eater and our plan was that the kids had to check the next day’s lunch menu and had to eat at least three items on the menu including the main dish or they had to pack their lunch! Yes, I checked their lunch to make sure it wasn’t just cookies and chips! They usually did a pretty good job of packing a mostly balanced meal that they would actually eat.I was never very good about laying out clothes the night before – I can’t manage that for myself as an adult! While I do appreciate that this habit can definitely make mornings smoother, I am still a work in progress. Keeping up on laundry was always a challenge, especially with farm dirt and working full-time, so we tried to have a schedule of washing a load a day. It sure helped when the kids were old enough to help which meant 7 or 8 was helping to fold and definitely putting their own things away. By 10 or 12, they helped with hanging things up or putting them in the dryer.Both kids are good cooks and those skills started at an early age. Knowing the basics of food preparation allowed them to get ingredients together or begin thawing meat for a meal by the time they were in middle school.All of those things didn’t guarantee smooth evenings especially with homework. Their normal station was in the kitchen so we could talk about assignments and their day while I made dinner and they worked on homework. It was a good way to practice conversation and have a small window into their fun, frustrations, and feelings. These days, I miss those moments but our daughter often calls on her way home from work in Kansas City and we chat while I start dinner!Nothing of these ideas are rocket science but I hope you will look for ways to connect with your kids in car or in the kitchen.Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.All Kansas Extension education programs and materials are available to all individuals without discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age or disability

BERAN: Back to school lunches

Aug. 1 signifies the kickoff for World Breastfeeding Week (Aug. 1-7) as well as August as National Breastfeeding Month. Each year the United States Breastfeeding Committee (USBC) requests a Congressional Proclamation to declare August as National Breastfeeding Month in the United States. In 2021, the USBC piloted a toolkit that individuals could use to urge their governor to proclaim August as "Breastfeeding Month" in their state or territory. Kansas has joined the list! Governor Kelly signed the proclamation for Kansas on July 29, 2024. The theme this year is “Nourish, Sustain, Thrive”

National Breastfeeding Month 2024 Weekly Observances

Week 1 (August 1-7): World Breastfeeding Week and National WIC Breastfeeding Week &nbsp; &nbsp;Theme: Closing the Gap: Breastfeeding support for All

Week 2 (August 8-14): Indigenous Milk Medicine Week &nbsp; &nbsp;Theme: Mind, Body, Milk Medicine.

Week 3 (August 15-21): Asian American Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Breastfeeding Week &nbsp; &nbsp;Theme: To Be Announced

Week 4 (August 25-31): Black Breastfeeding Week &nbsp; &nbsp;Theme: Listen Up! Reclaiming our Narrative and Centering Our Stories for Breastfeeding Justice

Week 5 (September 1-7): Workplace Lactation Week &nbsp; &nbsp;Theme: Policy to Practice: Making Lactation Support a Reality

Week 6 (September 3-9): Semana de La Lactancia Latina &nbsp; &nbsp;Theme: Reclaiming Culture Through Lactation

Most of us have heard about how breastfeeding positively affects the health of infants and toddlers. Breastfeeding also positively impacts families financially as well as the environment. However, many have not heard about the positive impacts on a mother’s health. Women who breastfeed their children lower their risk of breast cancer. According to an epidemiological study published in the The Lancet, breastfeeding is dose specific. For every 12 months of breastfeeding, the risk of breast cancer goes down by 4.3%. This can be for one child or a combination of children. Breastfeeding also reduces the risk of ovarian cancer, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes as reported by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Finally, studies also show that breastfeeding can help lower the risk of osteoporosis and stroke. That is a lot of health benefits that make for healthier women and society. And those are only the physical health benefits. There are also social-emotional benefits as well that help with bonding and parenting.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Aug. 1 signifies the kickoff for World Breastfeeding Week (Aug. 1-7) as well as August as National Breastfeeding Month. Each year the United States Breastfeeding Committee (USBC) requests a Congressional Proclamation to declare August as National Breastfeeding Month in the United States. In 2021, the USBC piloted a toolkit that individuals could use to urge their governor to proclaim August as "Breastfeeding Month" in their state or territory. Kansas has joined the list! Governor Kelly signed the proclamation for Kansas on July 29, 2024. The theme this year is “Nourish, Sustain, Thrive”National Breastfeeding Month 2024 Weekly ObservancesWeek 1 (August 1-7): World Breastfeeding Week and National WIC Breastfeeding Week &nbsp; &nbsp;Theme: Closing the Gap: Breastfeeding support for All Week 2 (August 8-14): Indigenous Milk Medicine Week &nbsp; &nbsp;Theme: Mind, Body, Milk Medicine. Week 3 (August 15-21): Asian American Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Breastfeeding Week &nbsp; &nbsp;Theme: To Be Announced Week 4 (August 25-31): Black Breastfeeding Week &nbsp; &nbsp;Theme: Listen Up! Reclaiming our Narrative and Centering Our Stories for Breastfeeding JusticeWeek 5 (September 1-7): Workplace Lactation Week &nbsp; &nbsp;Theme: Policy to Practice: Making Lactation Support a RealityWeek 6 (September 3-9): Semana de La Lactancia Latina &nbsp; &nbsp;Theme: Reclaiming Culture Through LactationMost of us have heard about how breastfeeding positively affects the health of infants and toddlers. Breastfeeding also positively impacts families financially as well as the environment. However, many have not heard about the positive impacts on a mother’s health. Women who breastfeed their children lower their risk of breast cancer. According to an epidemiological study published in the The Lancet, breastfeeding is dose specific. For every 12 months of breastfeeding, the risk of breast cancer goes down by 4.3%. This can be for one child or a combination of children. Breastfeeding also reduces the risk of ovarian cancer, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes as reported by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Finally, studies also show that breastfeeding can help lower the risk of osteoporosis and stroke. That is a lot of health benefits that make for healthier women and society. And those are only the physical health benefits. There are also social-emotional benefits as well that help with bonding and parenting.Just because a woman wants to breastfeed though doesn’t mean that she has the support to do so. While breastfeeding is natural, it isn’t always easy. The World Breastfeeding Week campaign this year focuses on survival, health and wellbeing. It will showcase the need to improve breastfeeding support to reduce inequalities that exist in our society with a special focus on breastfeeding in times of emergencies and crisis. A mother who is breastfeeding can continue to feed her baby without the need for clean water, formula or a way to boil water. Feeding her baby is one less thing to think about during an emergency or crisis.Join us to celebrate mothers and to protect, promote, and support breastfeeding and human milk feeding for the 14th annual National Breastfeeding Month. In Hays and Ellis County, La Leche League of the Western Plains and the Ellis County Breastfeeding Coalition will hold a celebration on August 14th, 2024 at 10 am during our regularly scheduled La Leche League meeting. Come see what in-person support is all about and help us celebrate breastfeeding in Ellis County. Refreshments will be served. https://worldbreastfeedingweek.org/ https://www.usbreastfeeding.org/national-breastfeeding-month.htmlMonique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.