Registration is now open for the Virtual 2020 Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle Workshop (ARSBC) that will be Nov. 4 and 5. The program targets commercial and seedstock producers, the artificial insemination (AI) and allied industries and veterinarians interested in using or improving implementation of reproductive management tools and associated genetic tools.&nbsp;&nbsp;

“Cow-calf producers know that reproduction is the most economically important trait,” said Sandy Johnson, K-State Extension beef specialist. “Thus, reproductive management choices and implementation are critical to profitability.”&nbsp;&nbsp;

Johnson is a member of the Beef Reproduction Task Force, which includes reproductive physiologists from land grant universities who work together on reproductive management education.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

This year’s virtual program contains three segments utilizing a host of nationally recognized speakers.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

The first segment focuses on cows and heifers and includes a presentation by Matt Perrier of Dalebanks Angus, Eureka, Kansas, who will discuss how reproductive technologies have changed the ranch.&nbsp;&nbsp;Dr. Tom Geary, USDA-ARS, Miles City, Montana, will share research on bull fertility: nutritional effects and new measures as part of the bull segment.&nbsp;&nbsp;In the animal health and management segment, investigating conception failures and pregnancy loss in beef cows will be discussed by Dr. Lee Jones, DVM, University of Georgia, who will help listeners optimize pregnancy rates.&nbsp;&nbsp;

The complete program schedule can be found on the newly updated website&nbsp;<a href="http://beefrepro.org/">BeefRepro.org</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Continuing education credits will be available, see the website for details.&nbsp;

An advantage of the virtual format is that there will be plenty of time for questions after each speaker and the new website has an “ask the expert” tab, where questions can be submitted at any time.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

The two-day program will go from 1 to 5 p.m. on Wednesday Nov. 4 and Thursday Nov. 5 from 1 to 5 p.m. and from 5:15 to 8 p.m.&nbsp;&nbsp;The program is free with prior registration at:&nbsp;

November 4th – Cow &amp; Heifer session –&nbsp;<a href="http://go.beefrepro.org/Cow_Heifer">http://go.beefrepro.org/Cow_Heifer</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;

November 5th – Bull session –&nbsp;<a href="http://go.beefrepro.org/Bull">http://go.beefrepro.org/Bull</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;

November 5th – Veterinary CE session -&nbsp;<a href="http://go.beefrepro.org/VET_CE">http://go.beefrepro.org/VET_CE</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;

The Beef Reproduction Task Force together with the national Beef Reproduction Leadership Team work to promote wider adoption of reproductive technologies among cow-calf producers; educate cow-calf producers in management considerations that will increase the likelihood of successful AI breeding; and educate producers in marketing options to capture benefits that result from use of improved reproductive technologies.&nbsp;

The group’s mission is to optimize the productivity and improve the profitability of cow-calf operations by facilitating the adoption of cost-effective, applied reproductive technologies. The goal is to educate beef cattle producers on sustainable reproductive management systems to maintain U.S. leadership and competitiveness in the world beef market.&nbsp;

There is no cost to attend, however registration is required.&nbsp;&nbsp;Detailed information on the schedule, speakers and continuing education is available at&nbsp;<a href="http://beefrepro.org/">BeefRepro.org</a>&nbsp;or contact Sandy Johnson,&nbsp;<a href="mailto:sandyj@ksu.edu">sandyj@ksu.edu</a>, or Vitor Mercadante,&nbsp;<a href="mailto:vrgm@vt.edu">vrgm@vt.edu</a>.&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910 .

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Registration is now open for the Virtual 2020 Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle Workshop (ARSBC) that will be Nov. 4 and 5. The program targets commercial and seedstock producers, the artificial insemination (AI) and allied industries and veterinarians interested in using or improving implementation of reproductive management tools and associated genetic tools.&nbsp;&nbsp;“Cow-calf producers know that reproduction is the most economically important trait,” said Sandy Johnson, K-State Extension beef specialist. “Thus, reproductive management choices and implementation are critical to profitability.”&nbsp;&nbsp;Johnson is a member of the Beef Reproduction Task Force, which includes reproductive physiologists from land grant universities who work together on reproductive management education.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This year’s virtual program contains three segments utilizing a host of nationally recognized speakers.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The first segment focuses on cows and heifers and includes a presentation by Matt Perrier of Dalebanks Angus, Eureka, Kansas, who will discuss how reproductive technologies have changed the ranch.&nbsp;&nbsp;Dr. Tom Geary, USDA-ARS, Miles City, Montana, will share research on bull fertility: nutritional effects and new measures as part of the bull segment.&nbsp;&nbsp;In the animal health and management segment, investigating conception failures and pregnancy loss in beef cows will be discussed by Dr. Lee Jones, DVM, University of Georgia, who will help listeners optimize pregnancy rates.&nbsp;&nbsp;The complete program schedule can be found on the newly updated website&nbsp;<a href="http://beefrepro.org/">BeefRepro.org</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Continuing education credits will be available, see the website for details.&nbsp;An advantage of the virtual format is that there will be plenty of time for questions after each speaker and the new website has an “ask the expert” tab, where questions can be submitted at any time.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The two-day program will go from 1 to 5 p.m. on Wednesday Nov. 4 and Thursday Nov. 5 from 1 to 5 p.m. and from 5:15 to 8 p.m.&nbsp;&nbsp;The program is free with prior registration at:&nbsp;November 4th – Cow &amp; Heifer session –&nbsp;<a href="http://go.beefrepro.org/Cow_Heifer">http://go.beefrepro.org/Cow_Heifer</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;November 5th – Bull session –&nbsp;<a href="http://go.beefrepro.org/Bull">http://go.beefrepro.org/Bull</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;November 5th – Veterinary CE session -&nbsp;<a href="http://go.beefrepro.org/VET_CE">http://go.beefrepro.org/VET_CE</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;The Beef Reproduction Task Force together with the national Beef Reproduction Leadership Team work to promote wider adoption of reproductive technologies among cow-calf producers; educate cow-calf producers in management considerations that will increase the likelihood of successful AI breeding; and educate producers in marketing options to capture benefits that result from use of improved reproductive technologies.&nbsp;The group’s mission is to optimize the productivity and improve the profitability of cow-calf operations by facilitating the adoption of cost-effective, applied reproductive technologies. The goal is to educate beef cattle producers on sustainable reproductive management systems to maintain U.S. leadership and competitiveness in the world beef market.&nbsp;There is no cost to attend, however registration is required.&nbsp;&nbsp;Detailed information on the schedule, speakers and continuing education is available at&nbsp;<a href="http://beefrepro.org/">BeefRepro.org</a>&nbsp;or contact Sandy Johnson,&nbsp;<a href="mailto:sandyj@ksu.edu">sandyj@ksu.edu</a>, or Vitor Mercadante,&nbsp;<a href="mailto:vrgm@vt.edu">vrgm@vt.edu</a>.&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910 .

BOOR: Seminar will focus on beef reproductive strategies

written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District

I always love the changing of the seasons, especially summer to fall. After the heat of the summer, the cool, crisp mornings and cooler days makes me happy. One of the first signs that I can tell that summer is on its way out is the first leaves on the cottonwood trees starting to turn yellow. The reds and oranges of the maples and oaks quickly follow suite. &nbsp;Although the New England states is the place to view the changing of the seasons, Kansas is no slouch. I found an article this week for you for the Horticulture Department about why trees change the colors they do and how you get the striking colors of fall.&nbsp;

&nbsp;Part of the allure of fall foliage is color variation. There are trees that turn red, purple, yellow, orange and brown.&nbsp;

Specific plant pigments determine individual colors. Foliage derives its normal green color from chlorophyll, the substance that captures the energy of the sun. Other pigments produce fall colors. Reds and purples are caused by anthocyanins, yellows by xanthophylls, and oranges by a combination of carotenes and xanthophylls. Browns are the result of tannins present in the leaf. Most of these substances are present throughout the growing season but are masked by the green color produced by chlorophyll. Anthocyanins are the exception and are produced after the chlorophyll is destroyed in the fall.&nbsp;

If you have ever seen pictures of New England in the fall, you have probably wondered why trees in Kansas usually do not color as well. This difference is partly because of the tree species prevalent in New England. Certain oaks and maples naturally produce good color. Coloring also is influenced by the weather.&nbsp;

Warm, sunny days and cool nights are ideal for good color. The sunny days encourage photosynthesis and, thus, sugar accumulation in the leaves. As fall progresses, each leaf develops an abscission layer at the base of the petiole, or leaf stem, that prevents these sugars from being transported down the trunk to the roots for storage. This high sugar content in the leaves produces more intense colors. Cloudy days and warm nights prevent some of the sugar accumulation in the leaves and results in less vibrant colors.&nbsp;

Weather during other parts of the growing season also can have an effect. Heavy rains in the early spring or hot, dry weather during the summer can both have a deleterious effect on fall color.&nbsp;

The length of time a tree maintains fall color also depends on weather. Reds, yellows and oranges are short-lived when trees undergo frosts and freezes.&nbsp;&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="Alicia Boor" />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor</figcaption>
 </figure>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension DistrictI always love the changing of the seasons, especially summer to fall. After the heat of the summer, the cool, crisp mornings and cooler days makes me happy. One of the first signs that I can tell that summer is on its way out is the first leaves on the cottonwood trees starting to turn yellow. The reds and oranges of the maples and oaks quickly follow suite. &nbsp;Although the New England states is the place to view the changing of the seasons, Kansas is no slouch. I found an article this week for you for the Horticulture Department about why trees change the colors they do and how you get the striking colors of fall.&nbsp;&nbsp;Part of the allure of fall foliage is color variation. There are trees that turn red, purple, yellow, orange and brown.&nbsp;Specific plant pigments determine individual colors. Foliage derives its normal green color from chlorophyll, the substance that captures the energy of the sun. Other pigments produce fall colors. Reds and purples are caused by anthocyanins, yellows by xanthophylls, and oranges by a combination of carotenes and xanthophylls. Browns are the result of tannins present in the leaf. Most of these substances are present throughout the growing season but are masked by the green color produced by chlorophyll. Anthocyanins are the exception and are produced after the chlorophyll is destroyed in the fall.&nbsp;If you have ever seen pictures of New England in the fall, you have probably wondered why trees in Kansas usually do not color as well. This difference is partly because of the tree species prevalent in New England. Certain oaks and maples naturally produce good color. Coloring also is influenced by the weather.&nbsp;Warm, sunny days and cool nights are ideal for good color. The sunny days encourage photosynthesis and, thus, sugar accumulation in the leaves. As fall progresses, each leaf develops an abscission layer at the base of the petiole, or leaf stem, that prevents these sugars from being transported down the trunk to the roots for storage. This high sugar content in the leaves produces more intense colors. Cloudy days and warm nights prevent some of the sugar accumulation in the leaves and results in less vibrant colors.&nbsp;Weather during other parts of the growing season also can have an effect. Heavy rains in the early spring or hot, dry weather during the summer can both have a deleterious effect on fall color.&nbsp;The length of time a tree maintains fall color also depends on weather. Reds, yellows and oranges are short-lived when trees undergo frosts and freezes.&nbsp;&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910 .

BOOR: A closer look at the colors of fall

written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District

The statistics are in that show 70 percent of U.S. households are now food preparation central for 80 percent of their families’ meals. This is up 40 percent from 2019 and likely not slowing down. COVID19 has certainly impacted “where” we are eating most of our meals. Whether you are a cook-from-scratch kind of person or rely on some pre-cooked products when putting a meal together keep reading for some sound advice.

When shopping the frozen food case, be aware that not all frozen foods are prepared the same. Don’t assume that all frozen foods are equal when it comes to preparing them for your families dinner. You may not realize that some frozen foods are not fully cooked or ready to eat, especially if they have browned breading, grill marks or other signs that normally show that a product has been cooked.

In a recent Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) observational study, 22 percent of participants said a not-ready-to-eat frozen chicken entrée was either cooked, partially cooked, or they weren’t sure that the product was in fact raw. The best advice is to read the cooking or preparation instructions on the package. This is specific to that product. The instructions may only have one cooking method or possibly multiple methods. Choose the one that best fits your schedule.

This information is important for all frozen foods whether they are vegetables or meat products. If the package states “not ready to eat” that means some form of cooking, baking or roasting must take place. Always use a food thermometer to check final temperatures.

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family and Consumer Science Agent for the Cottonwood District – Great Bend office. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension DistrictThe statistics are in that show 70 percent of U.S. households are now food preparation central for 80 percent of their families’ meals. This is up 40 percent from 2019 and likely not slowing down. COVID19 has certainly impacted “where” we are eating most of our meals. Whether you are a cook-from-scratch kind of person or rely on some pre-cooked products when putting a meal together keep reading for some sound advice.When shopping the frozen food case, be aware that not all frozen foods are prepared the same. Don’t assume that all frozen foods are equal when it comes to preparing them for your families dinner. You may not realize that some frozen foods are not fully cooked or ready to eat, especially if they have browned breading, grill marks or other signs that normally show that a product has been cooked.In a recent Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) observational study, 22 percent of participants said a not-ready-to-eat frozen chicken entrée was either cooked, partially cooked, or they weren’t sure that the product was in fact raw. The best advice is to read the cooking or preparation instructions on the package. This is specific to that product. The instructions may only have one cooking method or possibly multiple methods. Choose the one that best fits your schedule.This information is important for all frozen foods whether they are vegetables or meat products. If the package states “not ready to eat” that means some form of cooking, baking or roasting must take place. Always use a food thermometer to check final temperatures.Donna Krug is the District Director and Family and Consumer Science Agent for the Cottonwood District – Great Bend office. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KRUG: Safely preparing frozen foods

written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District

Cover crops in agriculture production have gained interest among farmers for many reasons. A few of those are erosion control, weed suppression and even extending grazing &amp; haying options.

Choosing the best cover crop for a particular cropping system can be difficult. Many factors are involved when selecting the most appropriate cover crop. The Midwest Cover Crops Council (MCCC) has released an improved cover crop selection tool to help farmers determine the best types of cover crops for their fields. The MCCC is made up of representatives from 12 Midwest states, the Canadian province of Ontario, and select universities, including Kansas and Kansas State University.

With this tool, users select their state/province and county and then select the goals they have for cover crops — erosion control, nitrogen scavenger, fighting weeds, providing forage, etc. They also can provide information about the cash crops they are planting and drainage data for their fields, which is optional. The tool offers the best cover crop options for the specified conditions. Clicking on the cover crops brings up data sheets that offer more information about each crop, including seeding rates, termination methods, performance and cultural traits, and more. The tool is very easy to use and can provide as much or as little information as you choose.

The updated tool includes more accurate seeding dates for each county based on 30-year National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration frost date data; changes to seeding dates and rates to align with new research; and is now mobile-friendly.

The MCCC recently held a live, one-hour webinar on Sept. 23rd to demonstrate the new tool and answer questions. To view the recorded version of the webinar, and/or to access the tool, go to mccc.msu.edu/selector-tool/.

Or just type into your internet browser box Midwest Cover Crop selector tool. If you have any questions about cover crops give me a call at the Cottonwood District office in Hays at 785-628-9430.

Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430, if after hours you can leave a voice mail.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/10/1603132579323.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension DistrictCover crops in agriculture production have gained interest among farmers for many reasons. A few of those are erosion control, weed suppression and even extending grazing &amp; haying options.Choosing the best cover crop for a particular cropping system can be difficult. Many factors are involved when selecting the most appropriate cover crop. The Midwest Cover Crops Council (MCCC) has released an improved cover crop selection tool to help farmers determine the best types of cover crops for their fields. The MCCC is made up of representatives from 12 Midwest states, the Canadian province of Ontario, and select universities, including Kansas and Kansas State University.With this tool, users select their state/province and county and then select the goals they have for cover crops — erosion control, nitrogen scavenger, fighting weeds, providing forage, etc. They also can provide information about the cash crops they are planting and drainage data for their fields, which is optional. The tool offers the best cover crop options for the specified conditions. Clicking on the cover crops brings up data sheets that offer more information about each crop, including seeding rates, termination methods, performance and cultural traits, and more. The tool is very easy to use and can provide as much or as little information as you choose.The updated tool includes more accurate seeding dates for each county based on 30-year National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration frost date data; changes to seeding dates and rates to align with new research; and is now mobile-friendly.The MCCC recently held a live, one-hour webinar on Sept. 23rd to demonstrate the new tool and answer questions. To view the recorded version of the webinar, and/or to access the tool, go to mccc.msu.edu/selector-tool/.Or just type into your internet browser box Midwest Cover Crop selector tool. If you have any questions about cover crops give me a call at the Cottonwood District office in Hays at 785-628-9430.Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430, if after hours you can leave a voice mail.

CAMPBELL: Updated cover crop selection tool now available for Midwest farmers

October is noted as Indoor Air Quality Awareness month. This is such an important topic so today seems like the perfect time to share some updated information on this subject.

We spend the majority of our time inside; 90 percent of it, in fact. However, mold, mildew, carbon monoxide, tobacco smoke, radon, dust, asbestos and other indoor air pollutants can make some days you spend inside miserable. Indoor air pollution is a high contributor to illnesses. These pollutants cause acute and chronic problems such as allergies, asthma, headaches, nausea and even cancer. Americans lose millions of dollars each year in medical costs, lost workdays and decreased productivity due to illnesses caused by poor indoor air quality.

Indoor air quality can actually be worse than outdoor air quality. Many buildings are built or remodeled so tightly that fresh air is prevented from entering and circulating. That is complicated by the use of many furnishings, appliances, products and decorations that can negatively affect indoor air quality. Of course, the obvious signs of poor indoor air quality include unusual or noticeable odors. This may be attributed to moving into a new home, using new furniture, or using hobby products. Feeling noticeably healthier when you are outside is a definite clue that the air you are breathing inside your home may not be healthy.

Factors that impact air quality include lack of air movement, dirty or faulty heating or air conditioning equipment, damaged flue pipes or chimneys, unvented combustion for fossil fuel appliances, excessive humidity and the presence of mold and mildew. Many common household items can pollute the air as well. With cooler temps in the forecast, now is the perfect time to make sure your furnace is working properly, so that carbon monoxide is not an issue.

Remember too, that now is a good time to test the radon level in your home. We have short term radon test kits available for $6.50 at both the Hays and Great Bend offices. It’s a small price to pay for peace of mind knowing the radon level in your home.

All of the windy days we have had lately can certainly create an uptick in allergy symptoms inside as well as outside. Let’s hope for some rain to settle the dust soon! But not too much rain at one time, because then the mold questions will start coming in!

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family and Consumer Science Agent for K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1574802720194.jpeg" alt="Donna Krug" />
 <figcaption>Donna Krug</figcaption>
 </figure>written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension DistrictOctober is noted as Indoor Air Quality Awareness month. This is such an important topic so today seems like the perfect time to share some updated information on this subject.We spend the majority of our time inside; 90 percent of it, in fact. However, mold, mildew, carbon monoxide, tobacco smoke, radon, dust, asbestos and other indoor air pollutants can make some days you spend inside miserable. Indoor air pollution is a high contributor to illnesses. These pollutants cause acute and chronic problems such as allergies, asthma, headaches, nausea and even cancer. Americans lose millions of dollars each year in medical costs, lost workdays and decreased productivity due to illnesses caused by poor indoor air quality.Indoor air quality can actually be worse than outdoor air quality. Many buildings are built or remodeled so tightly that fresh air is prevented from entering and circulating. That is complicated by the use of many furnishings, appliances, products and decorations that can negatively affect indoor air quality. Of course, the obvious signs of poor indoor air quality include unusual or noticeable odors. This may be attributed to moving into a new home, using new furniture, or using hobby products. Feeling noticeably healthier when you are outside is a definite clue that the air you are breathing inside your home may not be healthy.Factors that impact air quality include lack of air movement, dirty or faulty heating or air conditioning equipment, damaged flue pipes or chimneys, unvented combustion for fossil fuel appliances, excessive humidity and the presence of mold and mildew. Many common household items can pollute the air as well. With cooler temps in the forecast, now is the perfect time to make sure your furnace is working properly, so that carbon monoxide is not an issue.Remember too, that now is a good time to test the radon level in your home. We have short term radon test kits available for $6.50 at both the Hays and Great Bend offices. It’s a small price to pay for peace of mind knowing the radon level in your home.All of the windy days we have had lately can certainly create an uptick in allergy symptoms inside as well as outside. Let’s hope for some rain to settle the dust soon! But not too much rain at one time, because then the mold questions will start coming in!Donna Krug is the District Director and Family and Consumer Science Agent for K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider.

KRUG: October is Indoor Air Quality Awareness Month

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is a major problem in soybean fields throughout eastern and central Kansas. It is important to monitor SCN levels regularly to determine if management strategies, such as variety resistance and crop rotation, have been successful.

Immediately following harvest is the best time to check fields for SCN and start planning for next season. Confirming the presence of SCN and determining population levels is the basis for a successful integrated management program. Here we discuss the recommended strategy for SCN sampling.

To collect a SCN sample you will need:

3. A labeled bag. Label should include the following information:

a. Field identification (i.e. Field ID: North Farm, near Doe Creek)

b. Size of the area being sampled (i.e. 20 acres)

c. Crop history (i.e. soybean, corn, and soybean)

Recommended field pattern for sample collection: If your field is fairly uniform, divide it into quadrants for your SCN sample collection. Sections of the field that have had different cropping histories or have a different soil type should be sampled separately. For each quadrant or area of the field, you will collect 10 to 20 cores to a depth of 6 to 8 inches.

It is important that when collecting soil cores you walk in a systematic pattern, such as a “Z” pattern. Collect a total of 10 to 20 soil cores, emptying each into the bucket after collection. All core samples should be mixed well, to account for any minor variation between cores. After mixing, collect 1 pint of soil, approximately 2 cups, in a labeled plastic bag and seal.

When sending your samples to the diagnostic lab make sure to:

1. Keep samples refrigerated until shipping

2. Send overnight or as fast as possible (time is crucial)

3. Avoid leaving bags in the sun (which can kill nematodes)

4. Send the samples to the Plant Disease Diagnostic Lab in the K-State Plant Pathology Department. 5. You can find the Plant Disease Diagnostic Check sheet at https://www.plantpath.k-state.edu/extension/diagnostic-lab/documents/DiseaseLabChecksheet.pdf

Shipping address: K-State Plant Disease Diagnostic Lab 4032 Throckmorton PSC 1712 Claflin Road Manhattan, KS 66506 clinic@ksu.edu 785-532-1383

Remember, your results will only be as good as the sample that you send to the lab!

Check out this short, informative video from our lab: Soybean Cyst Nematode-SCN Sampling 2020: https://youtu.be/b6Eo0isI1I0 .

For more information, feel free to contact us at the K-State Plant Pathology Department.

Information provided by Timothy Todd, K-State Nematologist and Rodrigo Onofre, Plant Pathologist.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1578070143255.png" alt="Stacy Campbell" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell</figcaption>
 </figure>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension DistrictSoybean cyst nematode (SCN) is a major problem in soybean fields throughout eastern and central Kansas. It is important to monitor SCN levels regularly to determine if management strategies, such as variety resistance and crop rotation, have been successful.Immediately following harvest is the best time to check fields for SCN and start planning for next season. Confirming the presence of SCN and determining population levels is the basis for a successful integrated management program. Here we discuss the recommended strategy for SCN sampling.To collect a SCN sample you will need:1. A soil probe (or sharpshooter spade)2. A bucket3. A labeled bag. Label should include the following information:a. Field identification (i.e. Field ID: North Farm, near Doe Creek)b. Size of the area being sampled (i.e. 20 acres)c. Crop history (i.e. soybean, corn, and soybean)Recommended field pattern for sample collection: If your field is fairly uniform, divide it into quadrants for your SCN sample collection. Sections of the field that have had different cropping histories or have a different soil type should be sampled separately. For each quadrant or area of the field, you will collect 10 to 20 cores to a depth of 6 to 8 inches.It is important that when collecting soil cores you walk in a systematic pattern, such as a “Z” pattern. Collect a total of 10 to 20 soil cores, emptying each into the bucket after collection. All core samples should be mixed well, to account for any minor variation between cores. After mixing, collect 1 pint of soil, approximately 2 cups, in a labeled plastic bag and seal.When sending your samples to the diagnostic lab make sure to:1. Keep samples refrigerated until shipping2. Send overnight or as fast as possible (time is crucial)3. Avoid leaving bags in the sun (which can kill nematodes)4. Send the samples to the Plant Disease Diagnostic Lab in the K-State Plant Pathology Department. 5. You can find the Plant Disease Diagnostic Check sheet at https://www.plantpath.k-state.edu/extension/diagnostic-lab/documents/DiseaseLabChecksheet.pdfShipping address: K-State Plant Disease Diagnostic Lab 4032 Throckmorton PSC 1712 Claflin Road Manhattan, KS 66506 clinic@ksu.edu 785-532-1383Remember, your results will only be as good as the sample that you send to the lab!Check out this short, informative video from our lab: Soybean Cyst Nematode-SCN Sampling 2020: https://youtu.be/b6Eo0isI1I0 .For more information, feel free to contact us at the K-State Plant Pathology Department.Information provided by Timothy Todd, K-State Nematologist and Rodrigo Onofre, Plant Pathologist.

CAMPBELL: After harvest is the optimal time for Soybean Cyst Nematode sampling

Is the glass half empty or half full? It is believed that those who see the glass as half full tend to be more optimistic and those who see the glass as half empty are more pessimistic. Of course, there will be those who say, “You should be just glad to have a glass and have something to drink!”.

I have enjoyed several webinars through Illinois Extension that focused on being positive and aging. Extensive research has shown that optimism improves well-being and physical health. Studies also show that resilience and optimism are associated with greater longevity. Another study found that when employees are positive, there is a 12% increase in productivity.

Are there things we can do to stay positive? Yes, there are. However, I have found that some of the suggestions on the list have been much more difficult to do the last six months. That means we will just have to work a little harder on staying positive.

The first suggestion is to be around positive people and those who support you. While it is not possible to always be around positive people, be aware of those who bring out the best in you versus those who bring out the worst in you. If possible, find a way to limit the time you have to spend with the difficult people.

Laugh and surround yourself with things that help relieve stress. Doctors tell us that the physiological effects of laughter affect every part of the body. When we laugh, the heart rate and blood pressure speed up. Afterward, these sink below the previous levels and we feel a sense of relaxation. Author, Norman Cousins, was faced with a life-threatening disease but when he had a good belly laugh it allowed him to least two hours of pain-free relief.

Another suggestion is to practice positive self-talk. We most likely all have negative thoughts and self-talk, but it is possible to train your brain to turn it around. Instead of saying, “I’ve never done it before” try “It’s an opportunity to try something new.” Positive self-talk does take practice but we can mold ourselves through our thoughts. If you don’t listen to and believe what you have to say, then who should you listen to?

One last thought is to practice being grateful. Work to find the small things that make you happy. At the end of the day, try to list three things that you are thankful for. Write them down in a gratitude journal or record them in a gratitude app. If you take the time to do this, it will become obvious there are many, many things to be thankful for. If life becomes difficult, look back at your gratitude journal and savor the memories.

Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at bunruh@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1588274071306.jpeg" alt="Berny Unruh is Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>Berny Unruh is Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>written by: Berny UnruhIs the glass half empty or half full? It is believed that those who see the glass as half full tend to be more optimistic and those who see the glass as half empty are more pessimistic. Of course, there will be those who say, “You should be just glad to have a glass and have something to drink!”.I have enjoyed several webinars through Illinois Extension that focused on being positive and aging. Extensive research has shown that optimism improves well-being and physical health. Studies also show that resilience and optimism are associated with greater longevity. Another study found that when employees are positive, there is a 12% increase in productivity.Are there things we can do to stay positive? Yes, there are. However, I have found that some of the suggestions on the list have been much more difficult to do the last six months. That means we will just have to work a little harder on staying positive.The first suggestion is to be around positive people and those who support you. While it is not possible to always be around positive people, be aware of those who bring out the best in you versus those who bring out the worst in you. If possible, find a way to limit the time you have to spend with the difficult people.Laugh and surround yourself with things that help relieve stress. Doctors tell us that the physiological effects of laughter affect every part of the body. When we laugh, the heart rate and blood pressure speed up. Afterward, these sink below the previous levels and we feel a sense of relaxation. Author, Norman Cousins, was faced with a life-threatening disease but when he had a good belly laugh it allowed him to least two hours of pain-free relief.Another suggestion is to practice positive self-talk. We most likely all have negative thoughts and self-talk, but it is possible to train your brain to turn it around. Instead of saying, “I’ve never done it before” try “It’s an opportunity to try something new.” Positive self-talk does take practice but we can mold ourselves through our thoughts. If you don’t listen to and believe what you have to say, then who should you listen to?One last thought is to practice being grateful. Work to find the small things that make you happy. At the end of the day, try to list three things that you are thankful for. Write them down in a gratitude journal or record them in a gratitude app. If you take the time to do this, it will become obvious there are many, many things to be thankful for. If life becomes difficult, look back at your gratitude journal and savor the memories.Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at bunruh@ksu.edu.

UNRUH: Positive thinking

Small grain forages can be a profitable option for producers. They can be planted in the fall and either terminated or grazed out in the early spring, allowing time to plant a summer row crop if soil moisture is adequate.&nbsp;

Spring oats. Spring oats are usually planted in late February or March in Kansas. However, spring oats can also be planted in August or early September -- and if done so, they will produce much more fall forage compared to other small grain forages in the fall before a killing freeze. They will almost never produce grain if planted in August. Spring oats do not need to vernalize before heading. They will develop rapidly in the fall if they have enough moisture and fertility, and may even head out before termination by the first hard freeze in the mid-20 degree F range, but in most years it will not have time to produce viable grain.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Spring oats can also be planted in a mixture with a winter small grain. The spring oat will produce most of the forage in the fall and then most likely winter kill. If the winter climate is mild, the spring crop can survive the winter. The winter small grain will overwinter and produce forage in the spring. Winter small grain biomass production might be less than if planted alone, but the combination of oat and winter small grain biomass will most likely be higher than winter small grain planted alone. If a mixture is used, plant oats at a 50% seeding rate and winter small grain at 100% seeding rate.&nbsp;

Oat pasture can generally carry 500 pounds of beef per acre. Average daily gains range from 1.5 to 2.5 pounds per head per day. Forage quality on actively growing oats is high, with protein content in the range of 20 to 25%.&nbsp;

Winter wheat. Wheat is often used for grazing and grain in so-called “dual-purpose” systems. These systems are usually balanced between getting good forage and good grain yields without maximizing yields on either side. Dual-purpose wheat is typically planted at least two to three weeks earlier than wheat planted for grain only, which can increase the risk of a wheat streak mosaic infection. In addition, producers wanting both grazing and grain should use a higher-than-normal seeding rate and increase the N rate.&nbsp;

Winter barley. There are new, improved varieties of winter barley available with better winterhardiness, especially under grazing. Many of the newer varieties also produce more forage than older varieties. Barley produces palatable growth rapidly in the fall under favorable conditions. It is considered supe­rior to other cereals for fall and early winter pasture, but wheat, triticale, and rye provide better late winter and spring grazing. Barley has excellent drought and heat tolerance. Winter barley forage is typically the most palatable of the small grain cereals and feed quality is the highest, although tonnage of barely is usually less then triticale or rye.&nbsp;

Winter rye. Rye establishes fall pasture quickly. It also regrows rapidly in late winter and early spring. However, rye becomes “stemmy” and unpal­atable earlier in the spring than other cereals. Since rye is less palatable and higher in fiber than wheat or barley, cattle gains during grazing are normally greater on oat, wheat, triticale, and barley pasture than on rye pasture. Rye is the hardiest of the small grain cereals for overall tolerance to drought, heat, winterkill, and poor soil conditions.&nbsp;

Winter triticale. Triticale, a cross between wheat and rye, possesses the toughness of rye along with the quality of wheat. It can be grazed much harder than wheat and still recover to produce grain. Triticale and rye can be planted about a month earlier than wheat with a decreased risk of wheat streak mosaic (while the triticale might not show symptoms of wheat streak mosaic virus infection, it may vector the mites that might affect a neighboring wheat field). However, there is still risk to grasshopper feeding in the fall, hessian fly, barley yellow dwarf, or root rot. Planting triticale or rye earlier in the fall increases the amount of fall forage available compared to winter wheat. Triticale has longer effective spring grazing than rye, but not as long as wheat. Depending on the variety, winter triticale will head later than rye so the forage can remain higher in quality later into the spring. Heading date on all winter cereals should be a consideration if spring grazing is the goal.&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/6/1592579538317.png" alt="Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>written by: Alicia BoorSmall grain forages can be a profitable option for producers. They can be planted in the fall and either terminated or grazed out in the early spring, allowing time to plant a summer row crop if soil moisture is adequate.&nbsp;Spring oats. Spring oats are usually planted in late February or March in Kansas. However, spring oats can also be planted in August or early September -- and if done so, they will produce much more fall forage compared to other small grain forages in the fall before a killing freeze. They will almost never produce grain if planted in August. Spring oats do not need to vernalize before heading. They will develop rapidly in the fall if they have enough moisture and fertility, and may even head out before termination by the first hard freeze in the mid-20 degree F range, but in most years it will not have time to produce viable grain.&nbsp;&nbsp;Spring oats can also be planted in a mixture with a winter small grain. The spring oat will produce most of the forage in the fall and then most likely winter kill. If the winter climate is mild, the spring crop can survive the winter. The winter small grain will overwinter and produce forage in the spring. Winter small grain biomass production might be less than if planted alone, but the combination of oat and winter small grain biomass will most likely be higher than winter small grain planted alone. If a mixture is used, plant oats at a 50% seeding rate and winter small grain at 100% seeding rate.&nbsp;Oat pasture can generally carry 500 pounds of beef per acre. Average daily gains range from 1.5 to 2.5 pounds per head per day. Forage quality on actively growing oats is high, with protein content in the range of 20 to 25%.&nbsp;Winter wheat. Wheat is often used for grazing and grain in so-called “dual-purpose” systems. These systems are usually balanced between getting good forage and good grain yields without maximizing yields on either side. Dual-purpose wheat is typically planted at least two to three weeks earlier than wheat planted for grain only, which can increase the risk of a wheat streak mosaic infection. In addition, producers wanting both grazing and grain should use a higher-than-normal seeding rate and increase the N rate.&nbsp;Winter barley. There are new, improved varieties of winter barley available with better winterhardiness, especially under grazing. Many of the newer varieties also produce more forage than older varieties. Barley produces palatable growth rapidly in the fall under favorable conditions. It is considered supe­rior to other cereals for fall and early winter pasture, but wheat, triticale, and rye provide better late winter and spring grazing. Barley has excellent drought and heat tolerance. Winter barley forage is typically the most palatable of the small grain cereals and feed quality is the highest, although tonnage of barely is usually less then triticale or rye.&nbsp;Winter rye. Rye establishes fall pasture quickly. It also regrows rapidly in late winter and early spring. However, rye becomes “stemmy” and unpal­atable earlier in the spring than other cereals. Since rye is less palatable and higher in fiber than wheat or barley, cattle gains during grazing are normally greater on oat, wheat, triticale, and barley pasture than on rye pasture. Rye is the hardiest of the small grain cereals for overall tolerance to drought, heat, winterkill, and poor soil conditions.&nbsp;Winter triticale. Triticale, a cross between wheat and rye, possesses the toughness of rye along with the quality of wheat. It can be grazed much harder than wheat and still recover to produce grain. Triticale and rye can be planted about a month earlier than wheat with a decreased risk of wheat streak mosaic (while the triticale might not show symptoms of wheat streak mosaic virus infection, it may vector the mites that might affect a neighboring wheat field). However, there is still risk to grasshopper feeding in the fall, hessian fly, barley yellow dwarf, or root rot. Planting triticale or rye earlier in the fall increases the amount of fall forage available compared to winter wheat. Triticale has longer effective spring grazing than rye, but not as long as wheat. Depending on the variety, winter triticale will head later than rye so the forage can remain higher in quality later into the spring. Heading date on all winter cereals should be a consideration if spring grazing is the goal.&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

BOOR: Small grain forage

Several years ago, I saw a need in this area for people trained to assist Medicare recipients who wanted to review their prescription drug plan during open enrollment. As trained SHICK (Senior Health Insurance Counseling for Kansas) counselors, my husband John, and I can help Medicare recipients take a look at their Part D (Prescription Drug Plan) and hopefully find them a more affordable plan. We have several other SHICK counselors serving area residents through the RSVP office, so we hope to be able to keep up with the calls.

The Open Enrollment Period begins October 15th and runs through December 7th. Plan costs and coverage change each year, so everyone with Medicare should check to make sure their plan still meets their health needs and budget. If you would like to check out the website for yourself, simply go to Medicare.gov and click on Part D Prescription Drug Plans.

If you are unable to do an internet search, feel free to give me a call at the Extension office. Due to COVID19 protocol, we will be conducting most of our SHICK appointments over the phone. If you call my office at (620)793-1910 I will send you a letter describing the procedure along with a Medicare prescription drug coverage worksheet. When you return that worksheet to my office we will input your information and let you know your options for your Part D and assist you with signing up.

While we always enjoy seeing our Medicare friends during the Open Enrollment time, we feel this is the best way to move forward this year. Your health and well-being are important to us during these uncertain times.

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with the Cottonwood Extension District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="Donna Krug" />
 <figcaption>Donna Krug</figcaption>
 </figure>written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension DistrictSeveral years ago, I saw a need in this area for people trained to assist Medicare recipients who wanted to review their prescription drug plan during open enrollment. As trained SHICK (Senior Health Insurance Counseling for Kansas) counselors, my husband John, and I can help Medicare recipients take a look at their Part D (Prescription Drug Plan) and hopefully find them a more affordable plan. We have several other SHICK counselors serving area residents through the RSVP office, so we hope to be able to keep up with the calls.The Open Enrollment Period begins October 15th and runs through December 7th. Plan costs and coverage change each year, so everyone with Medicare should check to make sure their plan still meets their health needs and budget. If you would like to check out the website for yourself, simply go to Medicare.gov and click on Part D Prescription Drug Plans.If you are unable to do an internet search, feel free to give me a call at the Extension office. Due to COVID19 protocol, we will be conducting most of our SHICK appointments over the phone. If you call my office at (620)793-1910 I will send you a letter describing the procedure along with a Medicare prescription drug coverage worksheet. When you return that worksheet to my office we will input your information and let you know your options for your Part D and assist you with signing up.While we always enjoy seeing our Medicare friends during the Open Enrollment time, we feel this is the best way to move forward this year. Your health and well-being are important to us during these uncertain times.Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with the Cottonwood Extension District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KRUG: Medicare open enrollment begins soon

The Great Bend Recreation Commission will be hosting a free Stop ‘N Learn Session titled “How To Maintain A Fall Landscape” on Wednesday, Oct. 7, from 12:00 – 1:00 pm at the Great Bend Rec Activity Center (2715 18th&nbsp;Street).&nbsp;

Do you have a yard that you take great pride in or one that could use some help?&nbsp; Come learn about how to properly maintain a landscape in the cooler months.&nbsp; Topics will include tree pruning, lawn maintenance, and basic garden care.&nbsp; Handouts and snacks will be provided.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This program is limited to the first 20 participants.&nbsp; The presentation will also be available on the Great Bend Rec Facebook page as a live event.&nbsp; Lauren Fick, Cottonwood Extension District Horticulture Agent, will be the speaker for the program.&nbsp;&nbsp;

A complete list of programs and class details can be found at the GBRC website at&nbsp;<a href="http://www.greatbendrec.com/" target="_blank">www.greatbendrec.com</a>.&nbsp; Please contact the Recreation Commission office at 793-3755, ext 110, or stop by the office located at 1214 Stone Street for more information or with any questions you may have.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/12/1575906858220.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>The Great Bend Recreation Commission will be hosting a free Stop ‘N Learn Session titled “How To Maintain A Fall Landscape” on Wednesday, Oct. 7, from 12:00 – 1:00 pm at the Great Bend Rec Activity Center (2715 18th&nbsp;Street).&nbsp;Do you have a yard that you take great pride in or one that could use some help?&nbsp; Come learn about how to properly maintain a landscape in the cooler months.&nbsp; Topics will include tree pruning, lawn maintenance, and basic garden care.&nbsp; Handouts and snacks will be provided.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This program is limited to the first 20 participants.&nbsp; The presentation will also be available on the Great Bend Rec Facebook page as a live event.&nbsp; Lauren Fick, Cottonwood Extension District Horticulture Agent, will be the speaker for the program.&nbsp;&nbsp;A complete list of programs and class details can be found at the GBRC website at&nbsp;<a href="http://www.greatbendrec.com/" target="_blank">www.greatbendrec.com</a>.&nbsp; Please contact the Recreation Commission office at 793-3755, ext 110, or stop by the office located at 1214 Stone Street for more information or with any questions you may have.

GBRC: How to maintain a fall landscape

written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District

The theme for National 4-H Week this year is Opportunity Four All and we shared several of our favorite 4-H opportunities with the Barton County Commissioners last week and these included:

2) Expanding knowledge and growing in leadership

For myself, 4-H Opportunities means: developing the next generation of community leaders!

The new 4-H year began October 1st and the Cottonwood Extension Office can provide more information about joining 4-H!

For an important date to add to your calendar, the 4-H BBQ has been moved to Sunday, October 11 with serving in a drive-through format from 11 am to 1 pm. Each meal will cost $8.00 and include barbequed beef or pork, baked beans, and cole slaw. We will not be selling advance tickets this year. The proceeds of the 4-H BBQ help provide event scholarships and funds for learning activities for youth in Barton County. Please plan to join us!

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1579114162620.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran</figcaption>
 </figure>written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension DistrictThe theme for National 4-H Week this year is Opportunity Four All and we shared several of our favorite 4-H opportunities with the Barton County Commissioners last week and these included:1) Creating Connections2) Expanding knowledge and growing in leadership3) Meeting new peopleFor myself, 4-H Opportunities means: developing the next generation of community leaders!The new 4-H year began October 1st and the Cottonwood Extension Office can provide more information about joining 4-H!For an important date to add to your calendar, the 4-H BBQ has been moved to Sunday, October 11 with serving in a drive-through format from 11 am to 1 pm. Each meal will cost $8.00 and include barbequed beef or pork, baked beans, and cole slaw. We will not be selling advance tickets this year. The proceeds of the 4-H BBQ help provide event scholarships and funds for learning activities for youth in Barton County. Please plan to join us!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call 620-793-1910.

BERAN: National 4-H Week brings opportunities for all

With the maiden name of Meyer and married name of Krug you might guess that our family has a rich German heritage. I have always enjoyed learning about the foods that are tied to various cultures and when you think of German foods, one that comes to mind is sauerkraut. Did you know that sauerkraut is easy to make in your home kitchen so that you can enjoy it often?

The past year I have been busy learning more about the fermentation of vegetables. I submitted a proposal to write a Fact Sheet for K-State Research and Extension titled, “Taking a New Look at Fermented Foods.” I had been seeing articles in several sources and heard a conference speaker touting the health benefits of eating a small amount of fermented foods often. Then I noticed a fermentation kit on the shelf at our local hardware store. The kit made fermenting vegetables in wide mouth canning jars in small batches sound like a fun thing to try.

The practice of fermenting foods has been around for thousands of years. There are many claims to how fermentation was discovered, but now, every culture with access to salt, makes some kind of fermented food. The simplicity of this food preservation method coupled with its unique flavors and reported health benefits has made fermenting food popular worldwide. Today there seems to be a renewed interest in preparing fermented foods at home.

Many foods and beverages are created through the process of fermentation: sourdough bread, yogurt, beer, wine, sauerkraut, and kombucha to name a few. The fact sheet I wrote focused on the fermentation of vegetables, known as lactic acid fermentation. Fermentation is a process where the natural bacteria found in fresh vegetables utilize the carbohydrates to reproduce and excrete lactic acid, which preserves the vegetables and creates a characteristic tangy flavor.

I would love for you to join me at one of the public educational programs I am scheduled to present during October. My presentation will include sharing the techniques for making sauerkraut and kimchi successfully in a wide mouth canning jar. Kimchi is a delicious Korean condiment that is fun to make. I will also discuss the health benefits of including fermented foods in your daily menu.

The free educational programs are set for: Wednesday, October 14th, at noon, at the Great Bend Activity Center, 2715 18th Street; Thursday, October 22nd, at 5:30 PM, at the Extension office meeting room at 601 Main Street, Hays; and Friday, October 23rd, at 1:00 PM, at the Great Bend Senior Center. I hope to see you soon!

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent, in the Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="Donna Krug" />
 <figcaption>Donna Krug</figcaption>
 </figure>written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension DistrictWith the maiden name of Meyer and married name of Krug you might guess that our family has a rich German heritage. I have always enjoyed learning about the foods that are tied to various cultures and when you think of German foods, one that comes to mind is sauerkraut. Did you know that sauerkraut is easy to make in your home kitchen so that you can enjoy it often?The past year I have been busy learning more about the fermentation of vegetables. I submitted a proposal to write a Fact Sheet for K-State Research and Extension titled, “Taking a New Look at Fermented Foods.” I had been seeing articles in several sources and heard a conference speaker touting the health benefits of eating a small amount of fermented foods often. Then I noticed a fermentation kit on the shelf at our local hardware store. The kit made fermenting vegetables in wide mouth canning jars in small batches sound like a fun thing to try.The practice of fermenting foods has been around for thousands of years. There are many claims to how fermentation was discovered, but now, every culture with access to salt, makes some kind of fermented food. The simplicity of this food preservation method coupled with its unique flavors and reported health benefits has made fermenting food popular worldwide. Today there seems to be a renewed interest in preparing fermented foods at home.Many foods and beverages are created through the process of fermentation: sourdough bread, yogurt, beer, wine, sauerkraut, and kombucha to name a few. The fact sheet I wrote focused on the fermentation of vegetables, known as lactic acid fermentation. Fermentation is a process where the natural bacteria found in fresh vegetables utilize the carbohydrates to reproduce and excrete lactic acid, which preserves the vegetables and creates a characteristic tangy flavor.I would love for you to join me at one of the public educational programs I am scheduled to present during October. My presentation will include sharing the techniques for making sauerkraut and kimchi successfully in a wide mouth canning jar. Kimchi is a delicious Korean condiment that is fun to make. I will also discuss the health benefits of including fermented foods in your daily menu.The free educational programs are set for: Wednesday, October 14th, at noon, at the Great Bend Activity Center, 2715 18th Street; Thursday, October 22nd, at 5:30 PM, at the Extension office meeting room at 601 Main Street, Hays; and Friday, October 23rd, at 1:00 PM, at the Great Bend Senior Center. I hope to see you soon!Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent, in the Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KRUG: Taking a new look at fermented foods

By AMY RICKER Great Bend Post

National 4-H Week will be October 4 – 10th&nbsp;with the&nbsp;theme, “Opportunity&nbsp;For&nbsp;All.”&nbsp;&nbsp;

Michelle Beran, Cottonwood Extension Agent for Barton County along with several 4-Hers, addressed the Barton County Commissioners&nbsp;proposing the Proclamation.&nbsp;&nbsp;

The goal is to encourage all citizens to recognize 4-H for the significant impact it makes by empowering youth with the skills they will need to lead for their lifetime&nbsp;in over 33 specific areas including&nbsp;nutrition, photography, food,&nbsp;entomology,&nbsp;agriculture,&nbsp;and community service.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

4-H&nbsp;member Hailey Hicks&nbsp;explained that each year, 4-H clubs&nbsp;across Kansas&nbsp;participate in an activity called “48 Hours In 4-H.”&nbsp;

"This year, members of the 11 4-H clubs in&nbsp;Barton&nbsp;County will be meeting at the old 4-H buildings between Hoisington and Great Bend&nbsp;and spend several hours cleaning the grounds and buildings under the direction of the 4-H Building Board. These buildings are used for club&nbsp;meetings, shooting-sports practices, and are available to rent to the public.”&nbsp;

&nbsp;A BBQ&nbsp;Fundraiser will be held&nbsp;on October 11th&nbsp;with a drive-thru format&nbsp;from 11am to 1pm at the old 4-H grounds. The menu includes BBQ beef or pork, beans,&nbsp;and coleslaw at $8 per plate. Proceeds will go towards&nbsp;event&nbsp;scholarships&nbsp;and learning activities&nbsp;for&nbsp;youth in Barton County.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

There are over 11 individual 4-H clubs in the&nbsp;Cottonwood District within&nbsp;Barton&nbsp;County with over 200 members.&nbsp;To become a member of 4-H, contact the Barton County Extension Office.&nbsp;&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1581374358501.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By AMY RICKER Great Bend PostNational 4-H Week will be October 4 – 10th&nbsp;with the&nbsp;theme, “Opportunity&nbsp;For&nbsp;All.”&nbsp;&nbsp;Michelle Beran, Cottonwood Extension Agent for Barton County along with several 4-Hers, addressed the Barton County Commissioners&nbsp;proposing the Proclamation.&nbsp;&nbsp;The goal is to encourage all citizens to recognize 4-H for the significant impact it makes by empowering youth with the skills they will need to lead for their lifetime&nbsp;in over 33 specific areas including&nbsp;nutrition, photography, food,&nbsp;entomology,&nbsp;agriculture,&nbsp;and community service.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4-H&nbsp;member Hailey Hicks&nbsp;explained that each year, 4-H clubs&nbsp;across Kansas&nbsp;participate in an activity called “48 Hours In 4-H.”&nbsp;"This year, members of the 11 4-H clubs in&nbsp;Barton&nbsp;County will be meeting at the old 4-H buildings between Hoisington and Great Bend&nbsp;and spend several hours cleaning the grounds and buildings under the direction of the 4-H Building Board. These buildings are used for club&nbsp;meetings, shooting-sports practices, and are available to rent to the public.”&nbsp;&nbsp;A BBQ&nbsp;Fundraiser will be held&nbsp;on October 11th&nbsp;with a drive-thru format&nbsp;from 11am to 1pm at the old 4-H grounds. The menu includes BBQ beef or pork, beans,&nbsp;and coleslaw at $8 per plate. Proceeds will go towards&nbsp;event&nbsp;scholarships&nbsp;and learning activities&nbsp;for&nbsp;youth in Barton County.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There are over 11 individual 4-H clubs in the&nbsp;Cottonwood District within&nbsp;Barton&nbsp;County with over 200 members.&nbsp;To become a member of 4-H, contact the Barton County Extension Office.&nbsp;&nbsp;

National 4-H Week October 4 – 10, 2020 

As we get closer to National 4-H Week which is Oct. 4-10, I wanted to share an important part of 4-H which is community service. 

In our 4-H Pledge, the third line states “I pledge my hands to larger service”. Each year, 4-H clubs across Kansas participate in an activity called 48 Hours of 4H and we use the social media tag of #484h (hashtag 4 8 4 H). This year, members of the eleven 4-H clubs in Barton County will be meeting at the old 4-H buildings between Hoisington and Great Bend on October 4th to spend several hours cleaning the grounds and buildings under the direction of the 4-H Holding Board. These buildings are used for club meetings, shooting sports practices, and are available for rent to the public. In addition, many of the clubs will have separate club service projects during National 4-H Week.

The new 4-H year begins Oct. 1 and the Cottonwood Extension Office can provide more information about joining 4-H!

For an important date to add to your calendar, the 4-H BBQ has been moved to Sunday, Oct. 11 with serving in a drive-through format from 11 am to 1 pm. Each meal will cost $8.00 and include barbequed beef or pork, baked beans, and cole slaw. We will not be selling advance tickets this year. The proceeds of the 4-H BBQ help provide event scholarships and funds for learning activities for youth in Barton County. Please plan to join us!

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1579114162620.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran</figcaption>
 </figure>written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension DistrictAs we get closer to National 4-H Week which is Oct. 4-10, I wanted to share an important part of 4-H which is community service. In our 4-H Pledge, the third line states “I pledge my hands to larger service”. Each year, 4-H clubs across Kansas participate in an activity called 48 Hours of 4H and we use the social media tag of #484h (hashtag 4 8 4 H). This year, members of the eleven 4-H clubs in Barton County will be meeting at the old 4-H buildings between Hoisington and Great Bend on October 4th to spend several hours cleaning the grounds and buildings under the direction of the 4-H Holding Board. These buildings are used for club meetings, shooting sports practices, and are available for rent to the public. In addition, many of the clubs will have separate club service projects during National 4-H Week.The new 4-H year begins Oct. 1 and the Cottonwood Extension Office can provide more information about joining 4-H!For an important date to add to your calendar, the 4-H BBQ has been moved to Sunday, Oct. 11 with serving in a drive-through format from 11 am to 1 pm. Each meal will cost $8.00 and include barbequed beef or pork, baked beans, and cole slaw. We will not be selling advance tickets this year. The proceeds of the 4-H BBQ help provide event scholarships and funds for learning activities for youth in Barton County. Please plan to join us!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call 620-793-1910.

BERAN: National 4-H Week coming

Fall is in the air and that is exciting. For many families it means the start of a new school year with a schedule of extra-curricular activities that could make your head spin. For others it is a time of slowing down, and preparing your home and garden for cooler weather. For the Cottonwood Extension District, fall is a time when educational programs abound.

Are you a life-long learner? Moms and dads, grandmas and grandpas are never too old to learn something new. I don’t mean you have to enroll in a formal class, complete with a syllabus and a final exam. I am talking about the many educational programs offered by the Cottonwood Extension District. Whether you are a farmer interested in controlling honey locust trees in your pastures, or you have youngsters who are ready to join the 4-H and youth program, Extension has something for everyone. One program I am excited to share in the month ahead is about fermented foods. (Next weeks’ column will provide all of the details)

The year 2020 has created challenges for many. In Extension, our Administrative team has encouraged us to turn these challenges into opportunities. When our face-to-face meetings were restricted for a few months, our use of technology kicked into high gear. While Zoom meetings and webinars became the norm, our Cottonwood Extension Educators found ways to stay connected.

And just a reminder that our offices in both Great Bend and Hays are open and ready to serve you. We do ask that you wear a mask when entering our offices. If your questions can be answered through an e-mail or phone call we encourage that.

I would also like to encourage you to check out our Cottonwood website and like our Facebook page. Then you will see first hand the many learning opportunities that are highlighted. We are currently working on our fall quarterly on-line newsletter which will be posted to the web site in early October. I hope you will make time in your schedule to learn something new!

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="Donna Krug" />
 <figcaption>Donna Krug</figcaption>
 </figure>written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension DistrictFall is in the air and that is exciting. For many families it means the start of a new school year with a schedule of extra-curricular activities that could make your head spin. For others it is a time of slowing down, and preparing your home and garden for cooler weather. For the Cottonwood Extension District, fall is a time when educational programs abound.Are you a life-long learner? Moms and dads, grandmas and grandpas are never too old to learn something new. I don’t mean you have to enroll in a formal class, complete with a syllabus and a final exam. I am talking about the many educational programs offered by the Cottonwood Extension District. Whether you are a farmer interested in controlling honey locust trees in your pastures, or you have youngsters who are ready to join the 4-H and youth program, Extension has something for everyone. One program I am excited to share in the month ahead is about fermented foods. (Next weeks’ column will provide all of the details)The year 2020 has created challenges for many. In Extension, our Administrative team has encouraged us to turn these challenges into opportunities. When our face-to-face meetings were restricted for a few months, our use of technology kicked into high gear. While Zoom meetings and webinars became the norm, our Cottonwood Extension Educators found ways to stay connected.And just a reminder that our offices in both Great Bend and Hays are open and ready to serve you. We do ask that you wear a mask when entering our offices. If your questions can be answered through an e-mail or phone call we encourage that.I would also like to encourage you to check out our Cottonwood website and like our Facebook page. Then you will see first hand the many learning opportunities that are highlighted. We are currently working on our fall quarterly on-line newsletter which will be posted to the web site in early October. I hope you will make time in your schedule to learn something new!Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KRUG: Be a life-long learner

4-H is getting ready to celebrate National 4-H Week October 4th-10th. As part of the ongoing 4-H Grows True Leaders campaign, our theme this year is Opportunity 4 All. We all know true leaders when we see one. They lead by example, work well with others, endure through challenges, and stick to a job until it is done. Many youth aren’t prepared with the skills they need to be future leaders in our communities, businesses, and civic organizations.

The eleven 4-H Clubs in the Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County work with over 200 youth to provide project learning in specific areas such as Foods and Nutrition, Photography, and Entomology to expand their knowledge while learning communication and leadership skills.

The new 4-H year begins October 1st and the Cottonwood Extension Office can provide more information about joining 4-H!

For an important date to add to your calendar, the 4-H BBQ has been moved to Sunday, October 11, with serving in a drive-through format from 11-1 at the old 4-H Grounds on Highway 281. Each meal will cost $8.00 and include barbequed beef or pork, baked beans, and cole slaw. We will not be selling advance tickets this year. The proceeds of the 4-H BBQ help provide event scholarships and funds for learning activities for youth in Barton County.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1579114162620.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran</figcaption>
 </figure>written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District4-H is getting ready to celebrate National 4-H Week October 4th-10th. As part of the ongoing 4-H Grows True Leaders campaign, our theme this year is Opportunity 4 All. We all know true leaders when we see one. They lead by example, work well with others, endure through challenges, and stick to a job until it is done. Many youth aren’t prepared with the skills they need to be future leaders in our communities, businesses, and civic organizations.The eleven 4-H Clubs in the Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County work with over 200 youth to provide project learning in specific areas such as Foods and Nutrition, Photography, and Entomology to expand their knowledge while learning communication and leadership skills.The new 4-H year begins October 1st and the Cottonwood Extension Office can provide more information about joining 4-H!For an important date to add to your calendar, the 4-H BBQ has been moved to Sunday, October 11, with serving in a drive-through format from 11-1 at the old 4-H Grounds on Highway 281. Each meal will cost $8.00 and include barbequed beef or pork, baked beans, and cole slaw. We will not be selling advance tickets this year. The proceeds of the 4-H BBQ help provide event scholarships and funds for learning activities for youth in Barton County.Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call 620-793-1910.

BERAN: National 4-H Week

Our keynote speaker at a recent virtual conference gave me lots of food for thought with his theme of “happiness” and “showing gratitude.” While it would have been fun to have traveled to Utah to participate in this National meeting, there were perks by staying closer to home. One activity I got to do was watching our oldest granddaughter play volleyball with her middle school team. This opportunity to spend time with family reminded me that National Family Day is September 26th.

National Family Day puts the spotlight on the people who make our lives meaningful. Families come in many forms and sizes and under different circumstances, but what they all share is unconditional love and support for those growing on the same family tree. From traditional family units to distant cousins, families can drive us crazy and make life worth living.

Now, more than ever, family ties are critical for healthy development. Research shows that the quality of family relationships has significant effects on well-being. Strong family ties support us under stress, help us process unexpected challenges and boost our self-esteem.

So, as we look forward to National Family Day 2020, I hope you will take time to celebrate your family. If you can be together, perhaps a shared meal at a park can be arranged. If distance makes meeting face-to-face impossible, don’t worry. Modern technology makes it easy to connect. Call each other using a video chat option if possible.

Too often, we take family for granted. National Family Day reminds us to check in and express gratitude to our relatives who we may not always reach out to. Remember too, that not all families are related by blood. National Family Day reminds us to be thankful the friends who choose to be in our lives.

And finally, remember that good family relationships do wonders for our mental and physical health. Maintaining and nurturing close relationships can contribute to a happier, healthier, longer life. So take some time on September 26th to appreciate the special folks in your life. Let them know you are thinking of them!

We have a great poster that was developed several years ago titled, 100 ways to Celebrate Your Family. Stop by the office to pick up your free copy!

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="Donna Krug" />
 <figcaption>Donna Krug</figcaption>
 </figure>written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension DistrictOur keynote speaker at a recent virtual conference gave me lots of food for thought with his theme of “happiness” and “showing gratitude.” While it would have been fun to have traveled to Utah to participate in this National meeting, there were perks by staying closer to home. One activity I got to do was watching our oldest granddaughter play volleyball with her middle school team. This opportunity to spend time with family reminded me that National Family Day is September 26th.National Family Day puts the spotlight on the people who make our lives meaningful. Families come in many forms and sizes and under different circumstances, but what they all share is unconditional love and support for those growing on the same family tree. From traditional family units to distant cousins, families can drive us crazy and make life worth living.Now, more than ever, family ties are critical for healthy development. Research shows that the quality of family relationships has significant effects on well-being. Strong family ties support us under stress, help us process unexpected challenges and boost our self-esteem.So, as we look forward to National Family Day 2020, I hope you will take time to celebrate your family. If you can be together, perhaps a shared meal at a park can be arranged. If distance makes meeting face-to-face impossible, don’t worry. Modern technology makes it easy to connect. Call each other using a video chat option if possible.Too often, we take family for granted. National Family Day reminds us to check in and express gratitude to our relatives who we may not always reach out to. Remember too, that not all families are related by blood. National Family Day reminds us to be thankful the friends who choose to be in our lives.And finally, remember that good family relationships do wonders for our mental and physical health. Maintaining and nurturing close relationships can contribute to a happier, healthier, longer life. So take some time on September 26th to appreciate the special folks in your life. Let them know you are thinking of them!We have a great poster that was developed several years ago titled, 100 ways to Celebrate Your Family. Stop by the office to pick up your free copy!Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KRUG: National Family Day is Sept. 26

written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District

The latest USDA-National Agricultural Statistics Service Crop Progress and Condition report for Kansas on August 6th classified 53% of the corn crop as ‘good’ or ‘excellent’ condition. Overall, 31% of Kansas’ corn is mature with 4% harvested.

The weather conditions experienced from late July to end of August are critical for corn as related to the grain-filling rate and determining final grain weight. In the month of August temperature and precipitation have split across the state, with cooler-than-normal conditions in the south central and southeast, while warmer conditions have dominated in the west. Most of the state had below-normal precipitation, despite isolated pockets of heaver precipitation.

In recent years, a common question from producers around the state, relates to the dry down rate for corn when approaching the end of the season. Based on previous information, the average dry down rate depends on the weather, primarily temperature and moisture conditions – but it might range from 1% in late August to less than 0.5% per day in October.

The weather outlook in early September calls for an increased chance of cooler-than-normal temperatures with chances for below-normal precipitation for all but the southeastern corner of the state.

Grain water loss occurs at different rates but with two distinct phases: 1) before “black layer” or maturity, and 2) after black layer.

To properly address questions from many producers on the rate of dry down, a study by K-State Research &amp; Extension agronomy is underway to investigate the grain dry down rate from the moment of “black layer” until commercial harvest grain moisture was reached. For the conditions experienced in 2017 and 2018 seasons (from late August until mid-September), the overall dry down rate was around 1% per day (from 36-35% to 15-17% grain moisture) – taking an overall period between 18-to-21 days.

*Note: It is desired to reach harvest with 15.5% grain moisture to maximize the final grain volume to be sold, thus the importance of timing harvest with the right grain moisture content.

The dry down process can be delayed by: · Low temperatures · High humidity · High grain moisture content at black layer (38-40%)

It is expected that the dry down rate will decrease to &lt;0.5% per day for late-planted corn entering reproductive stages later in the growing season. Expect a similar decrease for corn that was exposed to late-season stress conditions (e.g., drought, heat). Under these conditions, maturity may be reached with high grain water content and the last stages after black layer formation could face lower temperatures and higher humidity. These main factors should be considered when the time comes to schedule corn harvest. You can track temperature and humidity levels on the Kansas Mesonet web site at http://mesonet.k-state.edu/weather/historical/ by selecting the station and time period of interest.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/9/1600113157064.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension DistrictThe latest USDA-National Agricultural Statistics Service Crop Progress and Condition report for Kansas on August 6th classified 53% of the corn crop as ‘good’ or ‘excellent’ condition. Overall, 31% of Kansas’ corn is mature with 4% harvested.The weather conditions experienced from late July to end of August are critical for corn as related to the grain-filling rate and determining final grain weight. In the month of August temperature and precipitation have split across the state, with cooler-than-normal conditions in the south central and southeast, while warmer conditions have dominated in the west. Most of the state had below-normal precipitation, despite isolated pockets of heaver precipitation.In recent years, a common question from producers around the state, relates to the dry down rate for corn when approaching the end of the season. Based on previous information, the average dry down rate depends on the weather, primarily temperature and moisture conditions – but it might range from 1% in late August to less than 0.5% per day in October.The weather outlook in early September calls for an increased chance of cooler-than-normal temperatures with chances for below-normal precipitation for all but the southeastern corner of the state.Grain water loss occurs at different rates but with two distinct phases: 1) before “black layer” or maturity, and 2) after black layer.To properly address questions from many producers on the rate of dry down, a study by K-State Research &amp; Extension agronomy is underway to investigate the grain dry down rate from the moment of “black layer” until commercial harvest grain moisture was reached. For the conditions experienced in 2017 and 2018 seasons (from late August until mid-September), the overall dry down rate was around 1% per day (from 36-35% to 15-17% grain moisture) – taking an overall period between 18-to-21 days.*Note: It is desired to reach harvest with 15.5% grain moisture to maximize the final grain volume to be sold, thus the importance of timing harvest with the right grain moisture content.The dry down process can be delayed by: · Low temperatures · High humidity · High grain moisture content at black layer (38-40%)It is expected that the dry down rate will decrease to &lt;0.5% per day for late-planted corn entering reproductive stages later in the growing season. Expect a similar decrease for corn that was exposed to late-season stress conditions (e.g., drought, heat). Under these conditions, maturity may be reached with high grain water content and the last stages after black layer formation could face lower temperatures and higher humidity. These main factors should be considered when the time comes to schedule corn harvest. You can track temperature and humidity levels on the Kansas Mesonet web site at http://mesonet.k-state.edu/weather/historical/ by selecting the station and time period of interest.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1578070143255.png" alt="Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430." />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430.</figcaption>
 </figure>

Rate of dry down in corn before harvest

At each 4-H meeting, members recite the 4-H Pledge which states:

I Pledge my Head to clearer thinking, My heart to greater loyalty, My hands to larger service, And my health to better living for my club, my community, my country, and my world.

Learning to show compassion for those around us is an elemental skill for 4-H. Learning to make good decisions impacts our engagement with our neighbors and friends. Learning what loyalty looks and feels like helps us to increase our awareness of the needs of our neighbors and friends. Putting those pieces into action through community service provides an outlet for youth to understand how their small involvement impacts a much bigger world for the better.

National 4-H Week is October 4-10 and Kansas 4-H exemplifies community service by encouraging clubs and 4-H councils to actively engage during this time. The Barton County 4-H Junior Leaders will be heading up teams of 4-H youth of every age to handle a clean-up of the old 4-H grounds on Highway 281 on the first weekend in October. In previous years, the community service projects have included volunteering to rake leaves at the zoo and clean up highways. Several of our eleven 4-H clubs will also have individual community service projects during this time.

Having leaders to serve on volunteer boards and committees is important for the long-term success of our rural world and these 4-H members are getting a great start on why it matters to take care of our neighbors and friends and how to develop some very practical ways to do just that.

How have you contributed to your community recently? How can you set an example, especially for young people, in how to be engaged in the community and give back for the greater good?

Over the next few weeks, you will hear from several of our 4-H Ambassadors as we talk about 4-H and the 2020 National 4-H Week theme of Opportunity 4 All. They will be sharing some of the opportunities they have experienced with 4-H and how they give back to their communities!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1579114162620.jpeg" alt="written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>At each 4-H meeting, members recite the 4-H Pledge which states:I Pledge my Head to clearer thinking, My heart to greater loyalty, My hands to larger service, And my health to better living for my club, my community, my country, and my world.Learning to show compassion for those around us is an elemental skill for 4-H. Learning to make good decisions impacts our engagement with our neighbors and friends. Learning what loyalty looks and feels like helps us to increase our awareness of the needs of our neighbors and friends. Putting those pieces into action through community service provides an outlet for youth to understand how their small involvement impacts a much bigger world for the better.National 4-H Week is October 4-10 and Kansas 4-H exemplifies community service by encouraging clubs and 4-H councils to actively engage during this time. The Barton County 4-H Junior Leaders will be heading up teams of 4-H youth of every age to handle a clean-up of the old 4-H grounds on Highway 281 on the first weekend in October. In previous years, the community service projects have included volunteering to rake leaves at the zoo and clean up highways. Several of our eleven 4-H clubs will also have individual community service projects during this time.Having leaders to serve on volunteer boards and committees is important for the long-term success of our rural world and these 4-H members are getting a great start on why it matters to take care of our neighbors and friends and how to develop some very practical ways to do just that.How have you contributed to your community recently? How can you set an example, especially for young people, in how to be engaged in the community and give back for the greater good?Over the next few weeks, you will hear from several of our 4-H Ambassadors as we talk about 4-H and the 2020 National 4-H Week theme of Opportunity 4 All. They will be sharing some of the opportunities they have experienced with 4-H and how they give back to their communities!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call 620-793-1910.

BERAN: Living the 4-H pledge

This time of year reminds me of childhood trips to Missouri to visit my Aunt and Uncle. We always passed through Wathena, in the northeast corner of Kansas where fruit stands had an abundant supply of Jonathon apples. Later on, when our three kids were little, I remember chaperoning pre-school apple picking field trips to the Converse apple orchard off of Radium Road. Just last year, on our fall trip to upstate New York, we found the apples from our friends’ backyard tree to be delicious. Nothing beats biting in to a crisp, juicy, maybe even a little bit tart, apple that is grown locally and in season.

I’m sure you have all heard the old saying “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” An article I came across recently cited research done at The Ohio State University. Their studies showed that eating an apple each day could contribute to lowering LDL cholesterol in the blood. Researchers compared eating apples with taking a capsule of polyphenol extract which are present in apples. For their study they recruited non-smoking adults aged 40-60 years old. They had no history of eating apples more than twice a month prior to participating in the study. They also had no prior cardiovascular issues and did not consume phytochemical supplements.

Participants were divided into three groups. One group ate an apple each day, the second group took a polyphenol capsule, and the third took a placebo. Results showed the apples and the polyphenol capsules decrease LDL cholesterol levels. The apples, however, gave a larger decrease in LDL cholesterol. Apples prevent the oxidation of LDL cholesterol that leads to atherosclerosis or hardening of the arteries.

I hope I have created enough evidence about the nutritional benefits of eating apples that you will add them to your next grocery list. Apples are, what I refer to as, nutrient dense foods. A medium apple, approximately 3 inches in diameter, has just 95 calories. When eaten with the skin on, that same apple will provide 4.3 grams of fiber. So, the next time you take a bite out of an apple, think of all of the great nutrients you are adding to your diet!

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent for K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>This time of year reminds me of childhood trips to Missouri to visit my Aunt and Uncle. We always passed through Wathena, in the northeast corner of Kansas where fruit stands had an abundant supply of Jonathon apples. Later on, when our three kids were little, I remember chaperoning pre-school apple picking field trips to the Converse apple orchard off of Radium Road. Just last year, on our fall trip to upstate New York, we found the apples from our friends’ backyard tree to be delicious. Nothing beats biting in to a crisp, juicy, maybe even a little bit tart, apple that is grown locally and in season.I’m sure you have all heard the old saying “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” An article I came across recently cited research done at The Ohio State University. Their studies showed that eating an apple each day could contribute to lowering LDL cholesterol in the blood. Researchers compared eating apples with taking a capsule of polyphenol extract which are present in apples. For their study they recruited non-smoking adults aged 40-60 years old. They had no history of eating apples more than twice a month prior to participating in the study. They also had no prior cardiovascular issues and did not consume phytochemical supplements.Participants were divided into three groups. One group ate an apple each day, the second group took a polyphenol capsule, and the third took a placebo. Results showed the apples and the polyphenol capsules decrease LDL cholesterol levels. The apples, however, gave a larger decrease in LDL cholesterol. Apples prevent the oxidation of LDL cholesterol that leads to atherosclerosis or hardening of the arteries.I hope I have created enough evidence about the nutritional benefits of eating apples that you will add them to your next grocery list. Apples are, what I refer to as, nutrient dense foods. A medium apple, approximately 3 inches in diameter, has just 95 calories. When eaten with the skin on, that same apple will provide 4.3 grams of fiber. So, the next time you take a bite out of an apple, think of all of the great nutrients you are adding to your diet!Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent for K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KRUG: An apple a day is still good advice

Wheat is considered a highly responsive crop to band-applied fertilizers, particularly phosphorus (P). Application of P as starter fertilizer can be an effective method for part or all the P needs. Wheat plants typically show a significant increase in fall tillers and better root development with the use of starter fertilizer (P and N). Winterkill can also be reduced with the use of starter fertilizers, particularly in low P testing soils.

Phosphorus fertilizer application can be done through the drill with the seed. In-furrow fertilizer can be applied, depending on the soil test and recommended application rate, either in addition to or instead of, any pre-plant P applications. The use of dry fertilizer sources with air seeders is a very popular and practical option. However, other P sources (including liquid) are agronomically equivalent and decisions should be based on cost and adaptability for each operation.

When applying fertilizer with the seed, rates should be limited to avoid potential toxicity to the seedlings. Most fertilizer sources contain salts which can be toxic to seedlings. However, phosphorus (P) fertilizer contains little if any salt, conversely Nitrogen (N) &amp; Potassium (K2O) fertilizers contain salts. When placing fertilizer in direct contact with wheat seed, producers should use the guidelines listed below.

Suggested maximum rates of fertilizer in pounds (lbs.) per acre Nitrogen N + Potassium K2O to apply directly with the wheat seed (No urea containing fertilizers).

15-inch row spacing, medium-to-fine soil textures,16 lbs. on course textures or dry soils 11 lbs.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/9/1599664978632.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension DistrictWheat is considered a highly responsive crop to band-applied fertilizers, particularly phosphorus (P). Application of P as starter fertilizer can be an effective method for part or all the P needs. Wheat plants typically show a significant increase in fall tillers and better root development with the use of starter fertilizer (P and N). Winterkill can also be reduced with the use of starter fertilizers, particularly in low P testing soils.Phosphorus fertilizer application can be done through the drill with the seed. In-furrow fertilizer can be applied, depending on the soil test and recommended application rate, either in addition to or instead of, any pre-plant P applications. The use of dry fertilizer sources with air seeders is a very popular and practical option. However, other P sources (including liquid) are agronomically equivalent and decisions should be based on cost and adaptability for each operation.When applying fertilizer with the seed, rates should be limited to avoid potential toxicity to the seedlings. Most fertilizer sources contain salts which can be toxic to seedlings. However, phosphorus (P) fertilizer contains little if any salt, conversely Nitrogen (N) &amp; Potassium (K2O) fertilizers contain salts. When placing fertilizer in direct contact with wheat seed, producers should use the guidelines listed below.Suggested maximum rates of fertilizer in pounds (lbs.) per acre Nitrogen N + Potassium K2O to apply directly with the wheat seed (No urea containing fertilizers).15-inch row spacing, medium-to-fine soil textures,16 lbs. on course textures or dry soils 11 lbs.10-inch row spacing, medium-to-fine soil textures 24 lbs. on course textures or dry soils 17 lbs.6-8-inch row spacing, medium-to-fine soil textures 30 lbs. on course textures or dry soils 21 lbs.Air seeders that place the starter fertilizer and seed in a 1- to 2-inch band, rather than a narrow seed slot, provide some margin of safety because the concentration of the fertilizer and seed is lower in these diffuse bands. In this scenario, adding a little extra N fertilizer to the starter is less likely to injure the seed - but it is still a risk.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1578070143255.png" alt="Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430." />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430.</figcaption>
 </figure>