Corn stunt spiroplasma and its associated vector (corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis) have been recently confirmed in Kansas. Corn stunt spiroplasma has been confirmed in 26 counties. Recent scouting efforts across Kansas confirm active leaf hoppers in many additional counties. Although the majority of the positive reports are from field corn, K-State Plant Pathologist Rodrigo Onofre says we also confirmed corn stunt spiroplasma in sweet corn as well. High levels of disease were found in late-planted and double-cropped corn, leading to potential yield reduction, says Onofre. Symptoms of the disease may include shortened internodes, which can result in a stunted stature of the corn plant as well as leaves with red discoloration. Because other biotic and abiotic factors can cause red or purple discoloration in corn, laboratory testing is important to diagnose corn stunt disease and distinguish it from other stressors.

In the past, corn stunt disease has been limited in distribution to southern Texas, Florida, and California. Corn stunt is caused by a wall-less bacterial pathogen called corn stunt spiroplasma. The corn leafhopper can also transmit additional pathogens, either singly or in combination with the corn stunt spiroplasma. To date, only corn stunt spiroplasma has been detected in Kansas, says Onofre. Additional research is needed to determine the presence of other pathogens vectored by corn leafhopper in Kansas.

This disease is spread only by the corn leafhopper, which was also just confirmed in Kansas. Corn leafhopper acquires pathogens within minutes of feeding on infected corn plants but it can take up to 30 days for the leafhopper to be able to infect healthy corn plants during feeding events. The corn leafhopper is relatively simple to identify under magnification. These leafhoppers are light tan to yellowish-white in color and approximately 1/8” long. Two distinct dark spots between the antennae and eyes are very characteristic of this species. Nymphs lack wings and can vary in color. Like most leafhoppers, all stages move quickly when disturbed and hide in shaded areas of corn plants. All stages can be sampled using a sweep net; a video showing how to sample for corn leafhoppers in mature corn canopies can be found here: https://youtu.be/QgLuWWSwHWU.

Disease testing – Help us track the disease

If you suspect a field has corn stunt, submit a sample to the K-State Plant Disease Diagnostic Lab. The best type of sample for corn stunt testing is living symptomatic leaf tissue.

Dry/senesced corn leaves are not recommended and may lead to inconclusive results. Entire plants are not required to test for this disease, only symptomatic leaves, as only the midrib will be used in testing.

Collection and shipping instructions can be found below:

· Collect and ship samples on or before Wednesday to avoid weekend storage

· Collect symptomatic living leaves (ideally from multiple symptomatic plants)

· Label and use plastic bags; Do not use paper bags, and do not add water. · Fill out submission form, search on-line for KSU Plant Pathology lab. Include variety/hybrid info

· Ship leaves ASAP overnight via UPS or FedEx when possible. USPS can take up to 14 days · Send photos to clinic@ksu.edu with the tracking number or date shipped

§ Symptom/problem close -up and in focus

§ Entire plant from ground level to the top of plant

§ Site – capture the pattern in the field; transition areas, terraces, etc.

Information provided by Rodrigo Onofre, K-State Research &amp; Extension Row Crop Plant Pathologist.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="from: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>from: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Corn stunt spiroplasma and its associated vector (corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis) have been recently confirmed in Kansas. Corn stunt spiroplasma has been confirmed in 26 counties. Recent scouting efforts across Kansas confirm active leaf hoppers in many additional counties. Although the majority of the positive reports are from field corn, K-State Plant Pathologist Rodrigo Onofre says we also confirmed corn stunt spiroplasma in sweet corn as well. High levels of disease were found in late-planted and double-cropped corn, leading to potential yield reduction, says Onofre. Symptoms of the disease may include shortened internodes, which can result in a stunted stature of the corn plant as well as leaves with red discoloration. Because other biotic and abiotic factors can cause red or purple discoloration in corn, laboratory testing is important to diagnose corn stunt disease and distinguish it from other stressors.In the past, corn stunt disease has been limited in distribution to southern Texas, Florida, and California. Corn stunt is caused by a wall-less bacterial pathogen called corn stunt spiroplasma. The corn leafhopper can also transmit additional pathogens, either singly or in combination with the corn stunt spiroplasma. To date, only corn stunt spiroplasma has been detected in Kansas, says Onofre. Additional research is needed to determine the presence of other pathogens vectored by corn leafhopper in Kansas.This disease is spread only by the corn leafhopper, which was also just confirmed in Kansas. Corn leafhopper acquires pathogens within minutes of feeding on infected corn plants but it can take up to 30 days for the leafhopper to be able to infect healthy corn plants during feeding events. The corn leafhopper is relatively simple to identify under magnification. These leafhoppers are light tan to yellowish-white in color and approximately 1/8” long. Two distinct dark spots between the antennae and eyes are very characteristic of this species. Nymphs lack wings and can vary in color. Like most leafhoppers, all stages move quickly when disturbed and hide in shaded areas of corn plants. All stages can be sampled using a sweep net; a video showing how to sample for corn leafhoppers in mature corn canopies can be found here: https://youtu.be/QgLuWWSwHWU.Disease testing – Help us track the diseaseIf you suspect a field has corn stunt, submit a sample to the K-State Plant Disease Diagnostic Lab. The best type of sample for corn stunt testing is living symptomatic leaf tissue.Dry/senesced corn leaves are not recommended and may lead to inconclusive results. Entire plants are not required to test for this disease, only symptomatic leaves, as only the midrib will be used in testing.Collection and shipping instructions can be found below:· Collect and ship samples on or before Wednesday to avoid weekend storage· Collect symptomatic living leaves (ideally from multiple symptomatic plants)· Label and use plastic bags; Do not use paper bags, and do not add water. · Fill out submission form, search on-line for KSU Plant Pathology lab. Include variety/hybrid info· Ship leaves ASAP overnight via UPS or FedEx when possible. USPS can take up to 14 days · Send photos to clinic@ksu.edu with the tracking number or date shippedo Three types of images to send:§ Symptom/problem close -up and in focus§ Entire plant from ground level to the top of plant§ Site – capture the pattern in the field; transition areas, terraces, etc.Information provided by Rodrigo Onofre, K-State Research &amp; Extension Row Crop Plant Pathologist.

CAMPBELL: Corn stunt disease - a new threat to Kansas corn

About 1.5 million Americans are diagnosed with diabetes every year, and according to the American Diabetes Association, the number of adults diagnosed with diabetes has doubled in the last 20 years.

The disease rate has sky-rocketed, and its toll is obvious. Kansans spend $2.4 billion annually in direct and indirect diabetes medical expenses. The community effects are quantifiable, but if you suffer from diabetes, or know someone who does, you know that the personal challenges can be unremitting.

As barriers seem to be continual, so is the diabetes management process. Thankfully, there are many lifestyle factors you can adjust when taking control of glucose levels. An evident one is the type of food you consume, but a few less obvious ones include medication, mood, and physical activity.

· Medication- When diagnosed with diabetes, medications are often prescribed. This addition can make a big impact on your daily routine. By keeping a record of medications, doses, and timing, you may be able to control glucose levels better. This can help you increase awareness of changes in symptoms so you can work with your doctor to make any necessary adjustments.

· Mood- Mental health can be greatly affected by diabetes, and your mood may seem to be on a constant rollercoaster due to rapid blood sugar changes. Since mood can indicate glucose spikes and drops, it’s a good idea to note how you feel. This awareness can help you build a stronger connection between your mind, body, and diabetes management strategy.

· Physical Activity- Regular exercise can play a major role in fluctuating glucose levels, and it can help you keep your diabetes in check. Keeping a log of your exercise routine can help you find the types of physical activity that make you feel your best and keep you motivated to meet your fitness goals!

Lifestyle choices affect blood sugar and taking note of these habits impacts diabetes management. It gives insight into your symptoms and allows you to identify habits that have positive and negative effects on blood sugar.

If you or someone you care for has diabetes, Dining with Diabetes can teach you more strategies to control glucose levels. This national program is designed to boost the health of those with prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes. The program serves to educate family members and caregivers while connecting participants to resources.

Through Dining with Diabetes, you will have the chance to learn the best ways to take care of yourself and your loved ones. This includes nutrition education and hands-on cooking demonstrations to help you gain confidence in preparing enjoyable meals that balance blood sugar. Also, participants will learn the importance of physical activity and how to realistically include it in day-to-day life.

The class will take place at the Trinity Lutheran Church in Great Bend on November 5, 12, 19, and 26 from 11 am – 1 pm. The cost is $40 for the 8- hours of hands-on learning experience. Plus, lunch is included. Please give us a call with any questions or to register at 620-793-1910.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>About 1.5 million Americans are diagnosed with diabetes every year, and according to the American Diabetes Association, the number of adults diagnosed with diabetes has doubled in the last 20 years.The disease rate has sky-rocketed, and its toll is obvious. Kansans spend $2.4 billion annually in direct and indirect diabetes medical expenses. The community effects are quantifiable, but if you suffer from diabetes, or know someone who does, you know that the personal challenges can be unremitting.As barriers seem to be continual, so is the diabetes management process. Thankfully, there are many lifestyle factors you can adjust when taking control of glucose levels. An evident one is the type of food you consume, but a few less obvious ones include medication, mood, and physical activity.· Medication- When diagnosed with diabetes, medications are often prescribed. This addition can make a big impact on your daily routine. By keeping a record of medications, doses, and timing, you may be able to control glucose levels better. This can help you increase awareness of changes in symptoms so you can work with your doctor to make any necessary adjustments.· Mood- Mental health can be greatly affected by diabetes, and your mood may seem to be on a constant rollercoaster due to rapid blood sugar changes. Since mood can indicate glucose spikes and drops, it’s a good idea to note how you feel. This awareness can help you build a stronger connection between your mind, body, and diabetes management strategy.· Physical Activity- Regular exercise can play a major role in fluctuating glucose levels, and it can help you keep your diabetes in check. Keeping a log of your exercise routine can help you find the types of physical activity that make you feel your best and keep you motivated to meet your fitness goals!Lifestyle choices affect blood sugar and taking note of these habits impacts diabetes management. It gives insight into your symptoms and allows you to identify habits that have positive and negative effects on blood sugar.If you or someone you care for has diabetes, Dining with Diabetes can teach you more strategies to control glucose levels. This national program is designed to boost the health of those with prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes. The program serves to educate family members and caregivers while connecting participants to resources.Through Dining with Diabetes, you will have the chance to learn the best ways to take care of yourself and your loved ones. This includes nutrition education and hands-on cooking demonstrations to help you gain confidence in preparing enjoyable meals that balance blood sugar. Also, participants will learn the importance of physical activity and how to realistically include it in day-to-day life.The class will take place at the Trinity Lutheran Church in Great Bend on November 5, 12, 19, and 26 from 11 am – 1 pm. The cost is $40 for the 8- hours of hands-on learning experience. Plus, lunch is included. Please give us a call with any questions or to register at 620-793-1910.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: Lifestyle factors for diabetes management

Musk thistle is one of 12 noxious weeds in Kansas, infesting over 420,000 acres. It has been reported in nearly every county in Kansas and is found primarily in pastures, rangeland, hay meadows, alfalfa, fallow, roadsides, and waste areas. Under the new Noxious Weed Law, musk thistle is considered a Category C weed. That means it is well established within the state and has an extensive population.&nbsp;

Control efforts should be aimed at reducing or eliminating new populations, and established stands should be managed with any accepted control method.&nbsp; These include mechanical, chemical, and biological approaches.&nbsp; Mechanical control involves removing the entire plant or just the reproductive parts to prevent the plants from producing flowers/seeds.&nbsp; Mowing, digging, and hoeing are common mechanical methods of controlling musk thistle. Several herbicides are labeled for musk thistle control and are discussed below.&nbsp; Biological control requires a permit and needs to be integrated with other methods.&nbsp; Head and crown weevils are found in the state but cannot be transported across state lines.&nbsp; A flower fly is a new candidate species for biological control of musk thistle.

Musk thistle is primarily a biennial or winter annual species. Biennials take two growing seasons to complete their life cycle. Thistles germinating in the spring will spend the entire summer as a rosette, live through the winter, and bolt the next year in May and June. Winter annual plants will germinate with moisture and warm temperatures in the fall, live through the winter, and bolt the following year.

Most people recognize musk thistle during the early summer when the plants are actively blooming. However, musk thistle control is easiest as a rosette.

Fall is an excellent time to spray musk thistle as all are in the rosette growth stage. Another advantage of treatment in the fall is reduced risk of off-target drift. Waiting until most deciduous trees have lost their leaves and most crops are harvested will greatly reduce the likelihood of damage from herbicide drift. A wider window of opportunity for treating musk thistle also exists in the fall. The spraying window in the fall probably extends until the ground is frozen, and the musk thistle plants have shut down activity until warmer temperatures in the spring. Freezing temperatures will start to damage musk thistle plants, with some yellowing and curling of leaves. However, the plants are susceptible to herbicides as long as green tissue exists.

Dry conditions in the fall can reduce control of musk thistle with certain herbicides. Still, studies in Kansas indicated that a fall application of 2,4-D LVE at 2 lbs per acre was more effective (80% control) than a similar rate of 2,4-D amine (49% control). Dicamba + 2,4-D amine at 0.25 + 0.75 lbs per acre and picloram at 0.125 lbs per acre were also effective (&gt;90% control) on musk thistle treated in the fall.&nbsp; Other herbicides that have proven effective include 3-5&nbsp; fl oz/acre aminopyralid (Milestone) and aminopyralid + metsulfuron (Chaparral at 1.5 oz/acre).&nbsp; Products containing picloram and aminopyralid will not only control rosettes treated in the fall but will have enough carryover to control emerging seedlings the following spring.

If you need to treat musk thistle this fall, select the proper herbicide for the job.&nbsp; If possible, select a warm, sunny day to spray. Scattered rosettes can be mechanically removed by digging below the crown. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Musk thistle is one of 12 noxious weeds in Kansas, infesting over 420,000 acres. It has been reported in nearly every county in Kansas and is found primarily in pastures, rangeland, hay meadows, alfalfa, fallow, roadsides, and waste areas. Under the new Noxious Weed Law, musk thistle is considered a Category C weed. That means it is well established within the state and has an extensive population.&nbsp;Control efforts should be aimed at reducing or eliminating new populations, and established stands should be managed with any accepted control method.&nbsp; These include mechanical, chemical, and biological approaches.&nbsp; Mechanical control involves removing the entire plant or just the reproductive parts to prevent the plants from producing flowers/seeds.&nbsp; Mowing, digging, and hoeing are common mechanical methods of controlling musk thistle. Several herbicides are labeled for musk thistle control and are discussed below.&nbsp; Biological control requires a permit and needs to be integrated with other methods.&nbsp; Head and crown weevils are found in the state but cannot be transported across state lines.&nbsp; A flower fly is a new candidate species for biological control of musk thistle.Musk thistle is primarily a biennial or winter annual species. Biennials take two growing seasons to complete their life cycle. Thistles germinating in the spring will spend the entire summer as a rosette, live through the winter, and bolt the next year in May and June. Winter annual plants will germinate with moisture and warm temperatures in the fall, live through the winter, and bolt the following year.Most people recognize musk thistle during the early summer when the plants are actively blooming. However, musk thistle control is easiest as a rosette.Fall is an excellent time to spray musk thistle as all are in the rosette growth stage. Another advantage of treatment in the fall is reduced risk of off-target drift. Waiting until most deciduous trees have lost their leaves and most crops are harvested will greatly reduce the likelihood of damage from herbicide drift. A wider window of opportunity for treating musk thistle also exists in the fall. The spraying window in the fall probably extends until the ground is frozen, and the musk thistle plants have shut down activity until warmer temperatures in the spring. Freezing temperatures will start to damage musk thistle plants, with some yellowing and curling of leaves. However, the plants are susceptible to herbicides as long as green tissue exists.Dry conditions in the fall can reduce control of musk thistle with certain herbicides. Still, studies in Kansas indicated that a fall application of 2,4-D LVE at 2 lbs per acre was more effective (80% control) than a similar rate of 2,4-D amine (49% control). Dicamba + 2,4-D amine at 0.25 + 0.75 lbs per acre and picloram at 0.125 lbs per acre were also effective (&gt;90% control) on musk thistle treated in the fall.&nbsp; Other herbicides that have proven effective include 3-5&nbsp; fl oz/acre aminopyralid (Milestone) and aminopyralid + metsulfuron (Chaparral at 1.5 oz/acre).&nbsp; Products containing picloram and aminopyralid will not only control rosettes treated in the fall but will have enough carryover to control emerging seedlings the following spring.If you need to treat musk thistle this fall, select the proper herbicide for the job.&nbsp; If possible, select a warm, sunny day to spray. Scattered rosettes can be mechanically removed by digging below the crown. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Fall control of musk thistle 

By MIKE COURSON Great Bend Post

The 4-H year runs from Oct. 1 through Sept. 30 each year. That made Tuesday's appearance by Michelle Beran with the Cottonwood District of K-State Research and Extension before the Barton County Commission a recruitment call. Beran said a goal for the upcoming year is to get more kids into the program.

"We currently have about 130 4-H members this past year in our program," she said. "That does not include 5-6-year-old Cloverbuds. That's 7-18s. That number is down a little bit but that number is down statewide. We are looking at lots of different ways to do some recruiting and to build those numbers back up across the county."

Beran updated the commission on projects involving 4-H members in Barton and Ellis Counties. A group of 4-H20 Ambassadors toured a water plant and spent a day at the Kansas Wetlands Education Center with the goal of learning how to present conservation management information to groups of all ages. The Ambassadors also went on a field trip to Garden City last spring to tour a golf course and see how the facility manages water use. Forty-two 4-H members qualified to take entries to the Kansas State Fair, and Beran transported nearly 70 entries to Hutchinson.

"We have seven active clubs across our county, so we are looking forward to the enrollment process getting started and adding some new young people this year," she said.

The commission also heard from 4-H members Ailey Williams and Melody Braddy, who discussed how 4-H has benefitted them. The board proclaimed Oct. 6-12 as National 4-H Week.

Youth who turn seven before Jan. 1 of the current 4-H year are eligible to enroll, and youth who turn 19 before Jan. 1 of the current 4-H year are ineligible to enroll. Children who celebrate a fifth or sixth birthday before Jan. 1 of the current year are eligible to enroll in the 4-H Cloverbud program.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2024/10/1727810614494.jpeg" alt="From left:&nbsp;Michelle Beran with the Cottonwood District of K-State Research and Extension and 4-H members Ailey Williams and Melody Braddy spoke during Tuesday's Barton County Commission meeting." />
 <figcaption>From left:&nbsp;Michelle Beran with the Cottonwood District of K-State Research and Extension and 4-H members Ailey Williams and Melody Braddy spoke during Tuesday's Barton County Commission meeting.</figcaption>
 </figure>By MIKE COURSON Great Bend PostThe 4-H year runs from Oct. 1 through Sept. 30 each year. That made Tuesday's appearance by Michelle Beran with the Cottonwood District of K-State Research and Extension before the Barton County Commission a recruitment call. Beran said a goal for the upcoming year is to get more kids into the program."We currently have about 130 4-H members this past year in our program," she said. "That does not include 5-6-year-old Cloverbuds. That's 7-18s. That number is down a little bit but that number is down statewide. We are looking at lots of different ways to do some recruiting and to build those numbers back up across the county."Beran updated the commission on projects involving 4-H members in Barton and Ellis Counties. A group of 4-H20 Ambassadors toured a water plant and spent a day at the Kansas Wetlands Education Center with the goal of learning how to present conservation management information to groups of all ages. The Ambassadors also went on a field trip to Garden City last spring to tour a golf course and see how the facility manages water use. Forty-two 4-H members qualified to take entries to the Kansas State Fair, and Beran transported nearly 70 entries to Hutchinson."We have seven active clubs across our county, so we are looking forward to the enrollment process getting started and adding some new young people this year," she said.The commission also heard from 4-H members Ailey Williams and Melody Braddy, who discussed how 4-H has benefitted them. The board proclaimed Oct. 6-12 as National 4-H Week.Youth who turn seven before Jan. 1 of the current 4-H year are eligible to enroll, and youth who turn 19 before Jan. 1 of the current 4-H year are ineligible to enroll. Children who celebrate a fifth or sixth birthday before Jan. 1 of the current year are eligible to enroll in the 4-H Cloverbud program.<div><iframe title="Great Bend Post Podcast" allowtransparency="true" height="315" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:315px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?i=exg2z-fe3d77-pbblog-playlist&share=1&download=1&rtl=0&fonts=Arial&skin=f6f6f6&font-color=auto&logo_link=episode_page&order=episodic&limit=10&filter=all&ss=a713390a017602015775e868a2cf26b0&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=315" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>

Barton Co. proclaims Oct. 6-12 as National 4-H Week; enrollment underway

Medicare can be challenging to navigate. If you are eligible, you know that enrolling in hospital insurance, Part B, supplemental coverage, and a drug plan can be overwhelming. The good news is that if you aren’t pleased with your current coverage, open enrollment allows you to make some changes. For example, you can review your current drug plan and see if it will be your best option next year. Since Part D plans tend to change yearly, it’s smart to see what that means for your coverage and costs.

The Cottonwood Extension District is here to help. Certified Senior Health Insurance Counselors in Kansas (SHICK) offer free, unbiased, and confidential Part D assistance to help you find the best drug plan. If you want to compare drug plans, switch plans, or shop around, we are available to visit with you, and see what works best for your situation. Open Enrollment is from October 15 – December 7, and you can schedule an appointment today in the Great Bend or Hays office. Certified volunteers, Donna and John Krug, will also have limited availability in the Great Bend office.

Other resources in the Great Bend area include Volunteers in Action who are SHICK trained. They will be accepting appointments starting on Oct. 17 and you can call 620-792-1614 to make an appointment. Director Linn Hogg says, “Our goal is to help you find the lowest out-of-pocket plan available.”

When you schedule an appointment with the Cottonwood District, you will receive a Medicare Part D Prescription Drug -Coverage Worksheet. Medicare beneficiaries need to list all prescription drugs taken, dosage, and 30-day quantity on the worksheet. Bring the worksheet, your Medicare card, and recent letters from Social Security or Medicare to your appointment. To schedule your appointment, please call (620) 793- 1910. If you have questions regarding Medicare, please contact Karissa at (620) 793- 1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Medicare can be challenging to navigate. If you are eligible, you know that enrolling in hospital insurance, Part B, supplemental coverage, and a drug plan can be overwhelming. The good news is that if you aren’t pleased with your current coverage, open enrollment allows you to make some changes. For example, you can review your current drug plan and see if it will be your best option next year. Since Part D plans tend to change yearly, it’s smart to see what that means for your coverage and costs.The Cottonwood Extension District is here to help. Certified Senior Health Insurance Counselors in Kansas (SHICK) offer free, unbiased, and confidential Part D assistance to help you find the best drug plan. If you want to compare drug plans, switch plans, or shop around, we are available to visit with you, and see what works best for your situation. Open Enrollment is from October 15 – December 7, and you can schedule an appointment today in the Great Bend or Hays office. Certified volunteers, Donna and John Krug, will also have limited availability in the Great Bend office.Other resources in the Great Bend area include Volunteers in Action who are SHICK trained. They will be accepting appointments starting on Oct. 17 and you can call 620-792-1614 to make an appointment. Director Linn Hogg says, “Our goal is to help you find the lowest out-of-pocket plan available.”When you schedule an appointment with the Cottonwood District, you will receive a Medicare Part D Prescription Drug -Coverage Worksheet. Medicare beneficiaries need to list all prescription drugs taken, dosage, and 30-day quantity on the worksheet. Bring the worksheet, your Medicare card, and recent letters from Social Security or Medicare to your appointment. To schedule your appointment, please call (620) 793- 1910. If you have questions regarding Medicare, please contact Karissa at (620) 793- 1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.<div><iframe title="Great Bend Post Podcast" allowtransparency="true" height="315" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:315px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?i=exg2z-fe3d77-pbblog-playlist&share=1&download=1&rtl=0&fonts=Arial&skin=f6f6f6&font-color=auto&logo_link=episode_page&order=episodic&limit=10&filter=all&ss=a713390a017602015775e868a2cf26b0&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=315" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>

WINKEL: Medicare Part D open enrollment

This fall after wheat is planted and any new stands of alfalfa are established, farmers will need to scout those fields for grasshoppers, fall armyworm, armyworm and any feeding damage on seedling plants.

Fall armyworms do not overwinter in Kansas in any significant numbers. Thus, after these larvae (worms) pupate in the soil and emerge as adult moths, they will head south for overwintering. Armyworm moths do not migrate south for the winter, but continue to feed on plants until temperatures get cooler, then overwinter in a protective cocoon in the soil.

Army cutworm moths, on the other hand, lay their eggs on the soil in the fall, and the larvae remain active throughout the winter, emerging to feed above ground in warm spells, and hiding deeper in the soil when it is cold. So, it is important to properly identify any worms feeding in wheat or seedling alfalfa, as armyworms and fall armyworms will not feed through the winter and early spring, but army cutworms will.

Keep in mind that, if growing conditions are favorable for fall planted wheat, it can withstand quite a bit of armyworm feeding and continue to grow. However, if growing conditions are not favorable, considerable feeding may severely reduce the stand.

Fall armyworm counts from pheromone traps steadily increased through August, particularly in central and eastern Kansas, with reports of egg masses in residential and agricultural settings. At-risk crops should be scouted regularly for the remainder of the growing season, says K-State Research &amp; Extension Entomologist Anthony Zukoff. Caterpillars increase in size at an exponential rate and a majority of feeding occurs during the last larval stage. It is critical to scout thoroughly and treat, if needed, before the caterpillars are over ½ inch long. Larger caterpillars are harder to control and do the most damage, says Zukoff.

Fall armyworm thresholds for fall planted crops

• Alfalfa: 1-2 caterpillars per square foot can destroy seedling alfalfa. 10-15 per square foot can destroy 12” tall plants.

• Wheat: Larval “window-paning” in early planted wheat can be a concern. If 25-30% of plants show damage, examine field frequently. Treat at 2-3 active larvae/ft.

For more information on products registered for control of fall armyworm in Kansas, please consult the following 2024 K-State insect pest management guides: • Wheat - https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/wheat-insect-pest-management-2024_MF745.pdf

• Alfalfa - https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/alfalfa-insect-pest-management-2024_MF809.PDF

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>This fall after wheat is planted and any new stands of alfalfa are established, farmers will need to scout those fields for grasshoppers, fall armyworm, armyworm and any feeding damage on seedling plants.Fall armyworms do not overwinter in Kansas in any significant numbers. Thus, after these larvae (worms) pupate in the soil and emerge as adult moths, they will head south for overwintering. Armyworm moths do not migrate south for the winter, but continue to feed on plants until temperatures get cooler, then overwinter in a protective cocoon in the soil.Army cutworm moths, on the other hand, lay their eggs on the soil in the fall, and the larvae remain active throughout the winter, emerging to feed above ground in warm spells, and hiding deeper in the soil when it is cold. So, it is important to properly identify any worms feeding in wheat or seedling alfalfa, as armyworms and fall armyworms will not feed through the winter and early spring, but army cutworms will.Keep in mind that, if growing conditions are favorable for fall planted wheat, it can withstand quite a bit of armyworm feeding and continue to grow. However, if growing conditions are not favorable, considerable feeding may severely reduce the stand.Fall armyworm counts from pheromone traps steadily increased through August, particularly in central and eastern Kansas, with reports of egg masses in residential and agricultural settings. At-risk crops should be scouted regularly for the remainder of the growing season, says K-State Research &amp; Extension Entomologist Anthony Zukoff. Caterpillars increase in size at an exponential rate and a majority of feeding occurs during the last larval stage. It is critical to scout thoroughly and treat, if needed, before the caterpillars are over ½ inch long. Larger caterpillars are harder to control and do the most damage, says Zukoff.Fall armyworm thresholds for fall planted crops• Alfalfa: 1-2 caterpillars per square foot can destroy seedling alfalfa. 10-15 per square foot can destroy 12” tall plants.• Wheat: Larval “window-paning” in early planted wheat can be a concern. If 25-30% of plants show damage, examine field frequently. Treat at 2-3 active larvae/ft.For more information on products registered for control of fall armyworm in Kansas, please consult the following 2024 K-State insect pest management guides: • Wheat - https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/wheat-insect-pest-management-2024_MF745.pdf • Alfalfa - https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/alfalfa-insect-pest-management-2024_MF809.PDFStacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Fall armyworm activity in Kansas

The Commission meeting will be live-streamed through Microsoft Teams. Citizens may view the meeting through their own sign in or by signing in “anonymously”. Please follow this link: https://bit.ly/4d8o6kR. If you wish to participate in the discussion of any item, please call (620) 793-1800 for instructions.

BOARD OF BARTON COUNTY COMMISSIONERS Agenda Meeting Oct. 1, 2024 9 a.m. Until Close

I. OPENING BUSINESS: A. Call Meeting to Order. B. Recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance. C. Consider Approval of the Agenda. D. Consider the minutes of the September 24, 2024, Regular Meeting. E. Any citizen wishing to make statements during the discussion of any item must first be recognized by the Commission Chair. After being recognized, that person should state their name and the name of any organization represented. Statements should be limited to five minutes. F. Please silence all phones and electronic devices. Recording the meeting is allowed and the Commission requests that anyone&nbsp;using special recording equipment be seated in the back row to avoid creating a distraction during the meeting.

II. OLD BUSINESS - Items tabled, or scheduled, from previous&nbsp;Commission Meetings, will be heard at this time. -There is no Old Business at this time.

III. NEW BUSINESS - All new business to be considered by the&nbsp;Commission will be heard at this time. ITEM A. ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGES: County Works: -Matt Patzner, County Administrator, will provide details. After accepting applications for the position of County Works Director,&nbsp;the Barton County Commission is pleased to announce the&nbsp;promotion of Chris Schartz. The Claflin native has been employed with Road and Bridge since March, 2019.

ITEM B. COUNTY CLERK’S OFFICE: Request for Approval – Added / Abated / Escaped / Refunded Taxes: -Bev Schmeidler, County Clerk, will present a listing of Added / Abated / Escaped / Refunded Taxes. Orders for these actions&nbsp;are kept on file in the County Clerk’s Office. These are used to correct assessments and are requested by the County&nbsp;Appraiser’s Office or the County Clerk’s Office.

ITEM C. PROCLAMATION 2024-17: National 4-H Week: -Michelle Beran, Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County, will be joined by area youth in presenting the proposed Proclamation. 4-H, as delivered by area Cooperative Extension&nbsp;agencies, has helped thousands of youth become true leaders,&nbsp;entrepreneurs and visionaries. By declaring October 6 – 12, 2024, as National 4-H Week, the Commission recognizes the&nbsp;importance of using the Head, Heart, Hands and Health, the four&nbsp;core values of the 4-H mission, to become beyond ready.

ITEM D. EXECUTIVE SESSION: -Chairman Barb Esfeld will present. Any Commissioner may make a motion for the board to recess to executive session at this time&nbsp;as allowed by K.S.A. 75-4319. Any motion must contain the justification for the executive session, the subject matter to be discussed, any individuals in addition to the board who will attend the executive session and the time at which the regular session shall resume.

IV. ENDING BUSINESS – After new items are heard by the&nbsp;Commission, the following items, including announcements, will&nbsp;be heard.

A. ANNOUNCEMENTS: -Following the close of the Agenda Meeting, the Commission will consider the authorization of personnel changes for classified&nbsp;positions, sign any documentation approved during the agenda&nbsp;meeting or sign any other documentation required for regular&nbsp;County business. Similar action may take place throughout the day.

-The Commission will join the Employee Engagement Committee in hosting the County Employee Picnic. The picnic, which will be held in Jack Kilby Square near the bandshell, begins at 11:30 a.m.

-The Barton, Pawnee and Russell County Commissioners will host a National Interest Electric Transmission Corridor informational meeting beginning at 6 p.m., Tuesday, Oct. 1, 2024, at the&nbsp;Fine Arts Auditorium, F123, Barton Community College, 245 NE 30 Road, Great Bend, Kansas. This open forum meeting is planned for local governmental agencies and the public to discuss the&nbsp;designation process, route boundaries and coordinated response efforts. The meeting will be live-streamed via Teams. 

-The Commission may attend the Kansas Legislative Policy Group 2024 Annual Meeting. The meeting will be held at the Liberal Conference and Convention Center, 503 Hotel Drive, Liberal, Kansas, on October 3 – 4, 2024.

B. APPOINTMENTS: -Although subject to change, the following appointments have been scheduled:

9:45 a.m. or following the close of the Agenda Meeting –Program Update – Brenda Kaiser, Human Resource Director.

10:00 a.m. – Program Update – Brooke Haulmark, CKCC Director.

10:30 a.m. – Program Update – Karen Winkelman, Public Health Director.

11:00 a.m. – Regular Business Discussion – Matt Patzner, County Administrator.

11:30 a.m. – The Commission will join the Employee Engagement Committee in hosting the County Employee Picnic.

THE COUNTY EDITION, KVGB-AM – Thursdays at 11:05 a.m. Sheriff Brian Bellendir is scheduled for October 3, 2024.

V. OTHER BUSINESS: A. Discussion Items. B. Citizens or organizations may present requests or proposals for initial consideration at this time. C. The Commissioners are available to the Public on Tuesdays during regular business hours. D. One or more Commissioners may be present in the Commission Chambers conducting county business throughout the day on Tuesdays. E. The Commissioners may, individually, schedule personal&nbsp;appointments related to County business at their discretion. F. The next Regular Meeting will be at 9:00 a.m., Tuesday, October 8, 2024.

The Commission meeting will be live-streamed through Microsoft Teams. Citizens may view the meeting through their own sign in or by signing in “anonymously”. Please follow this link: https://bit.ly/4d8o6kR. If you wish to participate in the discussion of any item, please call (620) 793-1800 for instructions.BOARD OF BARTON COUNTY COMMISSIONERS Agenda Meeting Oct. 1, 2024 9 a.m. Until CloseI. OPENING BUSINESS: A. Call Meeting to Order. B. Recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance. C. Consider Approval of the Agenda. D. Consider the minutes of the September 24, 2024, Regular Meeting. E. Any citizen wishing to make statements during the discussion of any item must first be recognized by the Commission Chair. After being recognized, that person should state their name and the name of any organization represented. Statements should be limited to five minutes. F. Please silence all phones and electronic devices. Recording the meeting is allowed and the Commission requests that anyone&nbsp;using special recording equipment be seated in the back row to avoid creating a distraction during the meeting.II. OLD BUSINESS - Items tabled, or scheduled, from previous&nbsp;Commission Meetings, will be heard at this time. -There is no Old Business at this time. III. NEW BUSINESS - All new business to be considered by the&nbsp;Commission will be heard at this time. ITEM A. ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGES: County Works: -Matt Patzner, County Administrator, will provide details. After accepting applications for the position of County Works Director,&nbsp;the Barton County Commission is pleased to announce the&nbsp;promotion of Chris Schartz. The Claflin native has been employed with Road and Bridge since March, 2019.ITEM B. COUNTY CLERK’S OFFICE: Request for Approval – Added / Abated / Escaped / Refunded Taxes: -Bev Schmeidler, County Clerk, will present a listing of Added / Abated / Escaped / Refunded Taxes. Orders for these actions&nbsp;are kept on file in the County Clerk’s Office. These are used to correct assessments and are requested by the County&nbsp;Appraiser’s Office or the County Clerk’s Office.ITEM C. PROCLAMATION 2024-17: National 4-H Week: -Michelle Beran, Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County, will be joined by area youth in presenting the proposed Proclamation. 4-H, as delivered by area Cooperative Extension&nbsp;agencies, has helped thousands of youth become true leaders,&nbsp;entrepreneurs and visionaries. By declaring October 6 – 12, 2024, as National 4-H Week, the Commission recognizes the&nbsp;importance of using the Head, Heart, Hands and Health, the four&nbsp;core values of the 4-H mission, to become beyond ready.ITEM D. EXECUTIVE SESSION: -Chairman Barb Esfeld will present. Any Commissioner may make a motion for the board to recess to executive session at this time&nbsp;as allowed by K.S.A. 75-4319. Any motion must contain the justification for the executive session, the subject matter to be discussed, any individuals in addition to the board who will attend the executive session and the time at which the regular session shall resume.IV. ENDING BUSINESS – After new items are heard by the&nbsp;Commission, the following items, including announcements, will&nbsp;be heard.A. ANNOUNCEMENTS: -Following the close of the Agenda Meeting, the Commission will consider the authorization of personnel changes for classified&nbsp;positions, sign any documentation approved during the agenda&nbsp;meeting or sign any other documentation required for regular&nbsp;County business. Similar action may take place throughout the day.-The Commission will join the Employee Engagement Committee in hosting the County Employee Picnic. The picnic, which will be held in Jack Kilby Square near the bandshell, begins at 11:30 a.m.-The Barton, Pawnee and Russell County Commissioners will host a National Interest Electric Transmission Corridor informational meeting beginning at 6 p.m., Tuesday, Oct. 1, 2024, at the&nbsp;Fine Arts Auditorium, F123, Barton Community College, 245 NE 30 Road, Great Bend, Kansas. This open forum meeting is planned for local governmental agencies and the public to discuss the&nbsp;designation process, route boundaries and coordinated response efforts. The meeting will be live-streamed via Teams. -The Commission may attend the Kansas Legislative Policy Group 2024 Annual Meeting. The meeting will be held at the Liberal Conference and Convention Center, 503 Hotel Drive, Liberal, Kansas, on October 3 – 4, 2024.B. APPOINTMENTS: -Although subject to change, the following appointments have been scheduled:9:45 a.m. or following the close of the Agenda Meeting –Program Update – Brenda Kaiser, Human Resource Director.10:00 a.m. – Program Update – Brooke Haulmark, CKCC Director.10:30 a.m. – Program Update – Karen Winkelman, Public Health Director.11:00 a.m. – Regular Business Discussion – Matt Patzner, County Administrator.11:30 a.m. – The Commission will join the Employee Engagement Committee in hosting the County Employee Picnic.THE COUNTY EDITION, KVGB-AM – Thursdays at 11:05 a.m. Sheriff Brian Bellendir is scheduled for October 3, 2024.V. OTHER BUSINESS: A. Discussion Items. B. Citizens or organizations may present requests or proposals for initial consideration at this time. C. The Commissioners are available to the Public on Tuesdays during regular business hours. D. One or more Commissioners may be present in the Commission Chambers conducting county business throughout the day on Tuesdays. E. The Commissioners may, individually, schedule personal&nbsp;appointments related to County business at their discretion. F. The next Regular Meeting will be at 9:00 a.m., Tuesday, October 8, 2024.VI. ADJOURN.

Barton County Commission meeting agenda (10/1)

Do you have a family member diagnosed with Alzheimer’s or some other form of dementia? Maybe you work with dementia patients at your job? Would you like to learn more about this disease?

Twice a year, Cottonwood Extension District, A Different Mindset Association, and Clinkscales Elder Law come together to present an educational workshop aimed to support people diagnosed with Alzheimer’s or dementia and their family or caregivers.

In the spring and the fall, we hold a two-night workshop aimed at educating the public about dementia. The fall workshop will be held October 9th and 10th from 6-8pm at the Cottonwood Extension District office located at 601 Main St. The first night Monique will present on

Nourishing Brain Health: Recommendations for Combating Neurodegenerative Diseases. The second night, Jill Wechsler, Care Coordinator from Clinkscales Elder Law, will present on Dementia Behaviors along with a panel discussion with individuals from A Different Mindset Association. A Different Mindset Association is a non-profit organization from Ellis County that offer support and education to families experiencing dementia.

Please call the Extension office to sign up. We will also offer a zoom link if you cannot attend in person. You must provide a working email address to obtain the zoom link. The sessions will also be recorded for future use and training.

You are welcome to come one or both nights, whatever works best for you. Light refreshments will be served.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Do you have a family member diagnosed with Alzheimer’s or some other form of dementia? Maybe you work with dementia patients at your job? Would you like to learn more about this disease?Twice a year, Cottonwood Extension District, A Different Mindset Association, and Clinkscales Elder Law come together to present an educational workshop aimed to support people diagnosed with Alzheimer’s or dementia and their family or caregivers.In the spring and the fall, we hold a two-night workshop aimed at educating the public about dementia. The fall workshop will be held October 9th and 10th from 6-8pm at the Cottonwood Extension District office located at 601 Main St. The first night Monique will present onNourishing Brain Health: Recommendations for Combating Neurodegenerative Diseases. The second night, Jill Wechsler, Care Coordinator from Clinkscales Elder Law, will present on Dementia Behaviors along with a panel discussion with individuals from A Different Mindset Association. A Different Mindset Association is a non-profit organization from Ellis County that offer support and education to families experiencing dementia.Please call the Extension office to sign up. We will also offer a zoom link if you cannot attend in person. You must provide a working email address to obtain the zoom link. The sessions will also be recorded for future use and training.You are welcome to come one or both nights, whatever works best for you. Light refreshments will be served.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: Dementia workshop

October 6-12 is an exciting time as 4-H families across the nation celebrate National 4-H Week! Per the National 4-H website, 4-H was established as Youth Clubs in 1902 with agricultural after-school clubs focused on particular ag products such as tomatoes or corn. In 1912, these groups were referred to as 4-H Clubs in recognition of the clover pin developed in 1910. The passage of the Smith-Lever Act in 1914 created the Cooperative Extension System at USDA and nationalized 4-H. By 1914, 4-H Clubs were formed and the clover emblem was adopted. The Cooperative Extension System is a partnership of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture within the USDA, more than 100 land-grant universities and more than 3000 county offices across the nation, including all 105 counties in Kansas. Cooperative Extension combines the expertise and resources of federal, state, and local governments to meet the need for research, knowledge, and educational programs. In 4-H, we believe in the power of young people. We see that every child has valuable strengths and real influence to improve the world around us.

On October 1, I will be joined by a few of our 4-H Ambassadors to address the Barton County Commission. We were delighted that they will consider a proclamation to state “4-H, as delivered by area Cooperative Extension agencies, has helped thousands of youth become true leaders, entrepreneurs and visionaries. By declaring October 6 – 12, 2024, as National 4-H Week, the Commission recognizes the importance of using the Head, Heart, Hands and Health, the four core values of the 4-H mission, to become beyond ready.”

If you know of a young person who would benefit from the opportunities of 4-H, enrollment for the new year began October 1! The Cottonwood Extension District offers seven community clubs in Barton County and over 45 project areas from Art to Woodworking for youth to explore, learn, and grow. More information can be found at our website cottonwood.k-state.edu or by calling one of our offices.

If you happen to be in our Ellis County area, 4-H members will have several displays at the Hays Art Council and they are hosting other activities!

Community service and citizenship are hallmarks of the 4-H program! 48Hrs of 4-H is a state-wide service challenge. Cottonwood-Barton 4-H families will be gathering on October 12th to bake and package thank you cookie platters for First Responder units across the county. Previous projects have included clean up at Great Bend-Brit Spaugh Zoo and the 4-H Educational grounds. Many individual clubs will take on separate projects in their town. Teaching youth the value of giving back to their communities helps all communities be stronger and to develop the leaders needed to not just survive but to thrive!

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

Kansas State University is committed to making its services, activities and programs accessible to all participants. If you have special requirements due to a physical, vision, or hearing disability.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668177490614.jpeg" alt="written by: Michelle Beran - 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. " />
 <figcaption>written by: Michelle Beran - 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. </figcaption>
 </figure>October 6-12 is an exciting time as 4-H families across the nation celebrate National 4-H Week! Per the National 4-H website, 4-H was established as Youth Clubs in 1902 with agricultural after-school clubs focused on particular ag products such as tomatoes or corn. In 1912, these groups were referred to as 4-H Clubs in recognition of the clover pin developed in 1910. The passage of the Smith-Lever Act in 1914 created the Cooperative Extension System at USDA and nationalized 4-H. By 1914, 4-H Clubs were formed and the clover emblem was adopted. The Cooperative Extension System is a partnership of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture within the USDA, more than 100 land-grant universities and more than 3000 county offices across the nation, including all 105 counties in Kansas. Cooperative Extension combines the expertise and resources of federal, state, and local governments to meet the need for research, knowledge, and educational programs. In 4-H, we believe in the power of young people. We see that every child has valuable strengths and real influence to improve the world around us.On October 1, I will be joined by a few of our 4-H Ambassadors to address the Barton County Commission. We were delighted that they will consider a proclamation to state “4-H, as delivered by area Cooperative Extension agencies, has helped thousands of youth become true leaders, entrepreneurs and visionaries. By declaring October 6 – 12, 2024, as National 4-H Week, the Commission recognizes the importance of using the Head, Heart, Hands and Health, the four core values of the 4-H mission, to become beyond ready.”If you know of a young person who would benefit from the opportunities of 4-H, enrollment for the new year began October 1! The Cottonwood Extension District offers seven community clubs in Barton County and over 45 project areas from Art to Woodworking for youth to explore, learn, and grow. More information can be found at our website cottonwood.k-state.edu or by calling one of our offices.If you happen to be in our Ellis County area, 4-H members will have several displays at the Hays Art Council and they are hosting other activities!Community service and citizenship are hallmarks of the 4-H program! 48Hrs of 4-H is a state-wide service challenge. Cottonwood-Barton 4-H families will be gathering on October 12th to bake and package thank you cookie platters for First Responder units across the county. Previous projects have included clean up at Great Bend-Brit Spaugh Zoo and the 4-H Educational grounds. Many individual clubs will take on separate projects in their town. Teaching youth the value of giving back to their communities helps all communities be stronger and to develop the leaders needed to not just survive but to thrive!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.Kansas State University is committed to making its services, activities and programs accessible to all participants. If you have special requirements due to a physical, vision, or hearing disability.<div><iframe title="Great Bend Post Podcast" allowtransparency="true" height="315" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:315px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?i=exg2z-fe3d77-pbblog-playlist&share=1&download=1&rtl=0&fonts=Arial&skin=f6f6f6&font-color=auto&logo_link=episode_page&order=episodic&limit=10&filter=all&ss=a713390a017602015775e868a2cf26b0&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=315" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>

BERAN: 4-H enrollment time

What if the alfalfa stand is short (less than 12 inches)?

In this case, the recommendation would be to avoid cutting it as the alfalfa tonnage would likely be low enough, not justifying costs. Additionally, avoiding cutting a short stand of alfalfa if there is insufficient growth to warrant harvesting from an economic standpoint actually helps the stand. This decision may also depend on stand thickness, but there should be about 12 to 15 inches of plant height to warrant harvesting. If there isn’t that much growth, wait for sufficient second growth once rainfall is received.

What are the best management options for drought-stressed alfalfa stands? Is it too late to cut a stand now, assuming there won’t be a hard freeze until November?

Always use caution when harvesting alfalfa in the fall, especially if the plant is already drought-stressed. Cutting the crop without leaving 6-8 weeks of re-growth before the first freeze can damage the stand and reduce persistence for subsequent years. Here, growers should base the anticipated timing of the freeze event on the average freeze date for their location and not count on a later date. Thus, if the crop is drought-stressed, the most appropriate management would be to wait until a good hard freeze before harvesting it. If yield is limiting enough not to cover harvest costs later in the fall, an option would be to graze after a hard freeze event (below 25F for 4+ hours). These measures would give the stand the best possible situation going into the fall. That way, you will have a good stand and (hopefully) precipitation to work with the next year.

Alfalfa stands decline in both tonnage and quality as they age and thin. Stands past their economically productive life also serve as a weed and disease source for surrounding fields. Operators should carefully weigh their projected returns from rotating out of alfalfa to maximize profit. Fields having less than four to five plants per square foot are considered poor and should be rotated. Another method is counting the number of stems per square foot when growth is around 5 inches tall. More than 55 stems per square foot indicate that yields are not limited, 40 to 55 stems indicate yields are somewhat limited, and fields with less than 40 stems per square foot should be considered for rotation.

“Rule of Hat” Method: If you do not have a measuring square, a standard baseball cap with brim measures approximately half a square foot, so stem counts can be doubled or threshold halved.

For example, if 30 stems are counted under the hat, then multiply 30 by 2 to estimate 60 stems per square foot.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>What if the alfalfa stand is short (less than 12 inches)?In this case, the recommendation would be to avoid cutting it as the alfalfa tonnage would likely be low enough, not justifying costs. Additionally, avoiding cutting a short stand of alfalfa if there is insufficient growth to warrant harvesting from an economic standpoint actually helps the stand. This decision may also depend on stand thickness, but there should be about 12 to 15 inches of plant height to warrant harvesting. If there isn’t that much growth, wait for sufficient second growth once rainfall is received.What are the best management options for drought-stressed alfalfa stands? Is it too late to cut a stand now, assuming there won’t be a hard freeze until November?Always use caution when harvesting alfalfa in the fall, especially if the plant is already drought-stressed. Cutting the crop without leaving 6-8 weeks of re-growth before the first freeze can damage the stand and reduce persistence for subsequent years. Here, growers should base the anticipated timing of the freeze event on the average freeze date for their location and not count on a later date. Thus, if the crop is drought-stressed, the most appropriate management would be to wait until a good hard freeze before harvesting it. If yield is limiting enough not to cover harvest costs later in the fall, an option would be to graze after a hard freeze event (below 25F for 4+ hours). These measures would give the stand the best possible situation going into the fall. That way, you will have a good stand and (hopefully) precipitation to work with the next year.Should I keep the thinning stand?Alfalfa stands decline in both tonnage and quality as they age and thin. Stands past their economically productive life also serve as a weed and disease source for surrounding fields. Operators should carefully weigh their projected returns from rotating out of alfalfa to maximize profit. Fields having less than four to five plants per square foot are considered poor and should be rotated. Another method is counting the number of stems per square foot when growth is around 5 inches tall. More than 55 stems per square foot indicate that yields are not limited, 40 to 55 stems indicate yields are somewhat limited, and fields with less than 40 stems per square foot should be considered for rotation.“Rule of Hat” Method: If you do not have a measuring square, a standard baseball cap with brim measures approximately half a square foot, so stem counts can be doubled or threshold halved.For example, if 30 stems are counted under the hat, then multiply 30 by 2 to estimate 60 stems per square foot.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.<div><iframe title="Great Bend Post Podcast" allowtransparency="true" height="315" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:315px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?i=exg2z-fe3d77-pbblog-playlist&share=1&download=1&rtl=0&fonts=Arial&skin=f6f6f6&font-color=auto&logo_link=episode_page&order=episodic&limit=10&filter=all&ss=a713390a017602015775e868a2cf26b0&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=315" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>

CAMPBELL: Alfalfa management options for short or drought-stressed stands

As an Ag agent for KSRE over these past ten years, I have made countless home visits for individuals with tree issues. There are many reasons a tree can have problems. The drought we lived through these past few years has taken its toll on our trees, to the other extreme the heavy rains and flooding that occurred in Barton County around 2019 also caused significant damage to our trees. These environmental conditions are unpreventable but, giving your tree a little extra TLC for some time after can help your tree stay healthy for a long time after such events.

If your tree falters and dies what should you do? What type of tree should be the replacement? Here are some observations I have seen over time to help you find the right tree for the area you want to plant.

First of all, take a look at the site you wish to plant and observe the surroundings. How close to buildings are you? Are there powerlines above that area? What other obstacles will the tree encounter as it grows? One example is powerlines. If you have some in the area you wish to plant, you will want to chose a tree that won’t grow as tall as to interfere with them.

Soil type is also important. Most trees prefer moist, well drained soils. Knowing your soil type and how your landscape is in various conditions will help you find a tree that will thrive in your yard.

Another question you need to address: what types of diseases and what insects are prone to the type of tree you are looking to plant? The Red Maple for example is a popular choice for a landscape tree with its vibrant fall color but, the tree has several issues in our area. The soil pH in our region tends to be high causing iron to be tied up chemically. As maples need more iron than other trees, they become chlorotic. This hinders chlorophyll production and causes the leaves to turn yellow. This in turn causes the tree to be unable to make its own nutrients and eventually it causes the tree to decline and die. If you want a Maple tree be prepared to treat the tree with an iron supplement as it ages and shows symptoms. Maples also tend to have poor branching, so early pruning and extra care as its ages is very important to have a tree that will be around for years to come.

The Kansas Forest Service has a publication for each region of Kansas that rates trees for environmental and landscape attributes to help you select the right tree for the place you want to plant. To access the one for Northwest Kansas, including Barton and Ellis Counties got to&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://www.kansasforests.org/community_forestry/community_docs/NW%20Preferred%20Trees122016.pdf">https://www.kansasforests.org/community_forestry/community_docs/NW%20Preferred%20Trees122016.pdf</a>or call our offices and we can get a copy to you.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

As an Ag agent for KSRE over these past ten years, I have made countless home visits for individuals with tree issues. There are many reasons a tree can have problems. The drought we lived through these past few years has taken its toll on our trees, to the other extreme the heavy rains and flooding that occurred in Barton County around 2019 also caused significant damage to our trees. These environmental conditions are unpreventable but, giving your tree a little extra TLC for some time after can help your tree stay healthy for a long time after such events.If your tree falters and dies what should you do? What type of tree should be the replacement? Here are some observations I have seen over time to help you find the right tree for the area you want to plant.First of all, take a look at the site you wish to plant and observe the surroundings. How close to buildings are you? Are there powerlines above that area? What other obstacles will the tree encounter as it grows? One example is powerlines. If you have some in the area you wish to plant, you will want to chose a tree that won’t grow as tall as to interfere with them.Soil type is also important. Most trees prefer moist, well drained soils. Knowing your soil type and how your landscape is in various conditions will help you find a tree that will thrive in your yard.Another question you need to address: what types of diseases and what insects are prone to the type of tree you are looking to plant? The Red Maple for example is a popular choice for a landscape tree with its vibrant fall color but, the tree has several issues in our area. The soil pH in our region tends to be high causing iron to be tied up chemically. As maples need more iron than other trees, they become chlorotic. This hinders chlorophyll production and causes the leaves to turn yellow. This in turn causes the tree to be unable to make its own nutrients and eventually it causes the tree to decline and die. If you want a Maple tree be prepared to treat the tree with an iron supplement as it ages and shows symptoms. Maples also tend to have poor branching, so early pruning and extra care as its ages is very important to have a tree that will be around for years to come.The Kansas Forest Service has a publication for each region of Kansas that rates trees for environmental and landscape attributes to help you select the right tree for the place you want to plant. To access the one for Northwest Kansas, including Barton and Ellis Counties got to&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://www.kansasforests.org/community_forestry/community_docs/NW%20Preferred%20Trees122016.pdf">https://www.kansasforests.org/community_forestry/community_docs/NW%20Preferred%20Trees122016.pdf</a>or call our offices and we can get a copy to you.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Picking the right tree to plant

Parenting is difficult to navigate, but small habits can make a tremendous difference. For example, including family meals in your routine can boost children’s self-esteem and academic performance. It can even improve heart health, and reduce the risk of depression, substance misuse, and teen pregnancy. According to Harvard research, one hour a day of genuine connection at dinner can improve the physical and mental health of the whole family!

In fact, over three decades of research shows that family mealtime is the only activity that simultaneously supports physical, social-emotional, and academic well-being.

1. Children who regularly eat family dinners eat more fruits and vegetables and are less likely to be picky eaters. This not only helps them to develop strong bones and grow tall, but it also promotes healthy habits into adulthood. Teens who eat family meals reduce their risk of obesity and are more likely to choose nutritious foods once they are independent.

2. Creating strong connections over family mealtime helps to improve communication, boost resilience, and increase self-esteem. Plus, high-risk teenage behaviors such as smoking, drug use, eating disorders, and sexual activity are shown to be lowered with regular family dinners.

3. Conversations around the dinner table boost vocabulary in young children. In fact, children can learn seven times as many rare words at family meals than being read to. In

adolescents, those who eat family meals 5-7 times per week are twice as likely to achieve A’s than those who eat family meals 2 times or less per week.

As you can see, family dinners can shape a child and how they respond to the world around them. However, making time for family dinners is challenging. After-school activities and evening work schedules tend to get in the way. To overcome these barriers, be creative! Make time for a family brunch on Saturdays or plan specific evenings to gather around the table.

If you want to learn more about the impact of family meals, celebrate Eat Better, Eat Together month with the Cottonwood Extension District and Gambino’s Pizza! This event welcomes families to choose ingredients from the MyPlate food groups to make a pizza to take home, bake, and enjoy eating together. Each large pizza is only $5 and pre-registration is required. Pay by September 27th at the Barton County Cottonwood District Extension Office, 3007 10th St, Great Bend, KS 67530. Cash or check is accepted.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Parenting is difficult to navigate, but small habits can make a tremendous difference. For example, including family meals in your routine can boost children’s self-esteem and academic performance. It can even improve heart health, and reduce the risk of depression, substance misuse, and teen pregnancy. According to Harvard research, one hour a day of genuine connection at dinner can improve the physical and mental health of the whole family!In fact, over three decades of research shows that family mealtime is the only activity that simultaneously supports physical, social-emotional, and academic well-being.1. Children who regularly eat family dinners eat more fruits and vegetables and are less likely to be picky eaters. This not only helps them to develop strong bones and grow tall, but it also promotes healthy habits into adulthood. Teens who eat family meals reduce their risk of obesity and are more likely to choose nutritious foods once they are independent.2. Creating strong connections over family mealtime helps to improve communication, boost resilience, and increase self-esteem. Plus, high-risk teenage behaviors such as smoking, drug use, eating disorders, and sexual activity are shown to be lowered with regular family dinners.3. Conversations around the dinner table boost vocabulary in young children. In fact, children can learn seven times as many rare words at family meals than being read to. Inadolescents, those who eat family meals 5-7 times per week are twice as likely to achieve A’s than those who eat family meals 2 times or less per week.As you can see, family dinners can shape a child and how they respond to the world around them. However, making time for family dinners is challenging. After-school activities and evening work schedules tend to get in the way. To overcome these barriers, be creative! Make time for a family brunch on Saturdays or plan specific evenings to gather around the table.If you want to learn more about the impact of family meals, celebrate Eat Better, Eat Together month with the Cottonwood Extension District and Gambino’s Pizza! This event welcomes families to choose ingredients from the MyPlate food groups to make a pizza to take home, bake, and enjoy eating together. Each large pizza is only $5 and pre-registration is required. Pay by September 27th at the Barton County Cottonwood District Extension Office, 3007 10th St, Great Bend, KS 67530. Cash or check is accepted.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2024/9/1727101175535.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: Eat better, eat together

The 2024 Surgeon General Report highlights the needs of parents. The document starts with a quote “Raising children is sacred work. It should matter to all of us.” Being a parent is not easy, unfortunately, as the old saying goes, “Kids do not come with handbooks!”

Every year the Surgeon General advisory report highlights a public health issue and provides recommendations for how it should be addressed. Advisories are reserved for significant public health challenges that require the nations immediate awareness and action.

Here are some of the highlights from the document:

Parents consistently report experiencing high levels of stress compared to other adults

· 33% of parents report high levels of stress in the past month compared to 20% of other adults.

· 48% of parents say that most days their stress is completely overwhelming compared to 26% among other adults.

Parents and caregivers experience a multitude of unique stressors from raising children

These stressors include, but are not limited to:

· Financial strain, economic instability, and poverty

· Cultural pressures and children’s futures

We must do more to better support parents and caregivers

The work of parenting is essential not only for the health of children but also for the health of society. Amid a youth mental health crisis, the work of raising a child is just as valuable as the work performed in a paid job and critically important when it comes to the impact on the future of society.

The report also highlights some ways based on our roles how we can help. For example, employers can help by expanding policies and programs that support the well-being of parents and caregivers in the workplace, implement training for managers on stress management and work-life harmony, and provide access to comprehensive and affordable high-quality mental health care.

Communities, community organizations and schools can foster open dialogue about parental stress, mental health, and well-being, create opportunities to cultivate supportive social connections among parents and caregivers, and elevate the voices of parents and caregivers to shape community programs and investments.

Family and friends can reach out and offer practical support with household or everyday tasks, connect with parents and caregivers in your life on a regular basis, learn about mental health challenges parents and caregivers may face.

At K-State Research and Extension our Stress and Resiliency team along with Family Community Wellness Agents and Family and Child Development agents are here to support parents. We provide a range of services and partner with other community entities to provide support whether it is working on affordable and quality childcare or providing educational services around stress and mental health.

In the Cottonwood District, we partner with the Barton County Health Department to provide Becoming a Mom classes that support prenatal families and we hope to provide the same service in Ellis County in the near future. The goal is to bring families together at the very beginning of their parenting journey to support each other as well build the relationships with community services so parents know where to go when they need extra support.

We also offer Question, Persuade and Refer (QPR) which is a suicide prevention program as well as other topics around mental health such as stress and stress management.

We have wide range of educational materials in our bookstore to support parents with fact sheets covering topics such as child development, screen time, family meals, and choosing appropriate childcare. https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/

Finally, we partner with schools from child care to the university level to provide programming based on the needs of the teachers, students, and parents.

To read the entire Surgeon General report: https://www.hhs.gov/surgeongeneral/priorities/parents/index.html

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>The 2024 Surgeon General Report highlights the needs of parents. The document starts with a quote “Raising children is sacred work. It should matter to all of us.” Being a parent is not easy, unfortunately, as the old saying goes, “Kids do not come with handbooks!”Every year the Surgeon General advisory report highlights a public health issue and provides recommendations for how it should be addressed. Advisories are reserved for significant public health challenges that require the nations immediate awareness and action.Here are some of the highlights from the document:Parents consistently report experiencing high levels of stress compared to other adultsAccording to 2023 data:· 33% of parents report high levels of stress in the past month compared to 20% of other adults.· 48% of parents say that most days their stress is completely overwhelming compared to 26% among other adults.Parents and caregivers experience a multitude of unique stressors from raising childrenThese stressors include, but are not limited to:· Financial strain, economic instability, and poverty· Time demands· Children’s health· Children’s safety· Parental isolation and loneliness· Technology and social media· Cultural pressures and children’s futuresWe must do more to better support parents and caregiversThe work of parenting is essential not only for the health of children but also for the health of society. Amid a youth mental health crisis, the work of raising a child is just as valuable as the work performed in a paid job and critically important when it comes to the impact on the future of society.The report also highlights some ways based on our roles how we can help. For example, employers can help by expanding policies and programs that support the well-being of parents and caregivers in the workplace, implement training for managers on stress management and work-life harmony, and provide access to comprehensive and affordable high-quality mental health care.Communities, community organizations and schools can foster open dialogue about parental stress, mental health, and well-being, create opportunities to cultivate supportive social connections among parents and caregivers, and elevate the voices of parents and caregivers to shape community programs and investments.Family and friends can reach out and offer practical support with household or everyday tasks, connect with parents and caregivers in your life on a regular basis, learn about mental health challenges parents and caregivers may face.At K-State Research and Extension our Stress and Resiliency team along with Family Community Wellness Agents and Family and Child Development agents are here to support parents. We provide a range of services and partner with other community entities to provide support whether it is working on affordable and quality childcare or providing educational services around stress and mental health.In the Cottonwood District, we partner with the Barton County Health Department to provide Becoming a Mom classes that support prenatal families and we hope to provide the same service in Ellis County in the near future. The goal is to bring families together at the very beginning of their parenting journey to support each other as well build the relationships with community services so parents know where to go when they need extra support.We also offer Question, Persuade and Refer (QPR) which is a suicide prevention program as well as other topics around mental health such as stress and stress management.We have wide range of educational materials in our bookstore to support parents with fact sheets covering topics such as child development, screen time, family meals, and choosing appropriate childcare. https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/Finally, we partner with schools from child care to the university level to provide programming based on the needs of the teachers, students, and parents.To read the entire Surgeon General report: https://www.hhs.gov/surgeongeneral/priorities/parents/index.htmlMonique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.<div><iframe title="Great Bend Post Podcast" allowtransparency="true" height="315" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:315px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?i=exg2z-fe3d77-pbblog-playlist&share=1&download=1&rtl=0&fonts=Arial&skin=f6f6f6&font-color=auto&logo_link=episode_page&order=episodic&limit=10&filter=all&ss=a713390a017602015775e868a2cf26b0&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=315" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>

KOERNER: 2024 Surgeon General Report

It is well understood that weather patterns can have a significant impact on grasshopper populations year to year. Warm, dry weather increases the survival of nymphs and adult grasshoppers, leading to increased egg production during the growing season, while cool, wet weather promotes fungal pathogens that can reduce egg and nymph survival. The abundance of grasshoppers being observed now is likely due to the weather patterns of the last couple seasons. Another factor influencing grasshopper populations is an abundance of food, especially broadleaf weeds. A diet high in these forbs leads to greater nymph survival, faster growth, larger adult grasshoppers, and increased egg production. Despite many areas still being impacted by some level of drought, sporadic rainfall over the growing season has helped weeds persist in many areas of the state, which has likely contributed to the noticeable number and diversity of grasshoppers currently being observed. As these weedy sources of food are exhausted or controlled, grasshoppers may shift their grazing over to anything still growing in the landscape. In areas with greater grasshopper pressure, seedling alfalfa and wheat could be at risk.

Before planting alfalfa, treatment should be considered if there are 15 or more grasshoppers per square yard around the planting area. Once planted and growing, consider treatment if 3-5 grasshoppers per square yard are found in the seedling alfalfa stand.

Vegetated borders around areas where wheat will be planted should be scouted ten days before planting. Consider treating those borders if there are 7 to 12 grasshoppers per square yard. Once growing, three or more grasshoppers per square yard within the field can destroy seedling wheat stands. If grasshopper populations are low to moderate, seed treatments can protect emerging wheat plants for several weeks if products are applied at the highest registered rate. Seed treatments will be less effective under severe grasshopper pressure as the insects can consume a large amount of leaf material before succumbing to the seed treatments. It is advisable to avoid planting too early, as this will help reduce the time that wheat must be protected.

Please refer to the most recent Alfalfa and Wheat Insect Management Guides for specific control information. Alfalfa Insect Management Guide https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF809.pdf Wheat Insect Management Guide https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF745.pdf

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>It is well understood that weather patterns can have a significant impact on grasshopper populations year to year. Warm, dry weather increases the survival of nymphs and adult grasshoppers, leading to increased egg production during the growing season, while cool, wet weather promotes fungal pathogens that can reduce egg and nymph survival. The abundance of grasshoppers being observed now is likely due to the weather patterns of the last couple seasons. Another factor influencing grasshopper populations is an abundance of food, especially broadleaf weeds. A diet high in these forbs leads to greater nymph survival, faster growth, larger adult grasshoppers, and increased egg production. Despite many areas still being impacted by some level of drought, sporadic rainfall over the growing season has helped weeds persist in many areas of the state, which has likely contributed to the noticeable number and diversity of grasshoppers currently being observed. As these weedy sources of food are exhausted or controlled, grasshoppers may shift their grazing over to anything still growing in the landscape. In areas with greater grasshopper pressure, seedling alfalfa and wheat could be at risk.Before planting alfalfa, treatment should be considered if there are 15 or more grasshoppers per square yard around the planting area. Once planted and growing, consider treatment if 3-5 grasshoppers per square yard are found in the seedling alfalfa stand.Vegetated borders around areas where wheat will be planted should be scouted ten days before planting. Consider treating those borders if there are 7 to 12 grasshoppers per square yard. Once growing, three or more grasshoppers per square yard within the field can destroy seedling wheat stands. If grasshopper populations are low to moderate, seed treatments can protect emerging wheat plants for several weeks if products are applied at the highest registered rate. Seed treatments will be less effective under severe grasshopper pressure as the insects can consume a large amount of leaf material before succumbing to the seed treatments. It is advisable to avoid planting too early, as this will help reduce the time that wheat must be protected.Please refer to the most recent Alfalfa and Wheat Insect Management Guides for specific control information. Alfalfa Insect Management Guide https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF809.pdf Wheat Insect Management Guide https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF745.pdfStacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Grasshoppers are abundant in many areas of Kansas

As the population of those 65 and older grows, the proportion of Americans with dementia will rise. Currently, it is estimated that 6.9 million Americans live with Alzheimer’s dementia. Close family and friends tend to provide caregiving services for loved ones with the disease, and it is no easy task. In fact, those caring for a person with dementia provide extensive assistance including personal care, increased supervision, and response to behavioral symptoms.

This is why respite care, or rest for the caregiver, is vital. If you or someone you know could benefit from respite care, look to community resources for assistance.

A Different Mindset Association, located in Hays, Kansas, aims to support caregivers, provide education, network resources, and promote awareness about dementia. The group hosts caregiver support group meetings in person and via Zoom. They also provide a monthly mobile respite care service and a social engagement day program for those with dementia.

Mobile respite, “On the Road Again,” occurs the first Tuesday of every month at the Hays Senior Center. Caregivers have the opportunity to drop loved ones off to enjoy lunch, field trips, community service opportunities, and indoor and outdoor experiences.

“Our Club,” is a day program from 11 am- 3:30 pm on the 3rd Tuesday of the month. Participants can enjoy lunch, art, drama, music, intergenerational activities, community service, and animal friends at the Hays Senior Center.

Through these programs, A Different Mindset Association hopes to relieve caregivers and enrich the lives of those with dementia through social connections, recreation, and a newfound purpose.

Everyone needs a break to rest and recharge. Respite care can provide temporary relief from caregiving, while the person with dementia continues to receive care in a safe environment. Using respite services can strengthen your ability to provide the best care possible.

Visit https://www.adiffmindsetassoc.org/adm/support/ or call 785- 269-1928 to learn more about the services A Different Mindset Association provides.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>As the population of those 65 and older grows, the proportion of Americans with dementia will rise. Currently, it is estimated that 6.9 million Americans live with Alzheimer’s dementia. Close family and friends tend to provide caregiving services for loved ones with the disease, and it is no easy task. In fact, those caring for a person with dementia provide extensive assistance including personal care, increased supervision, and response to behavioral symptoms.This is why respite care, or rest for the caregiver, is vital. If you or someone you know could benefit from respite care, look to community resources for assistance.A Different Mindset Association, located in Hays, Kansas, aims to support caregivers, provide education, network resources, and promote awareness about dementia. The group hosts caregiver support group meetings in person and via Zoom. They also provide a monthly mobile respite care service and a social engagement day program for those with dementia.Mobile respite, “On the Road Again,” occurs the first Tuesday of every month at the Hays Senior Center. Caregivers have the opportunity to drop loved ones off to enjoy lunch, field trips, community service opportunities, and indoor and outdoor experiences.“Our Club,” is a day program from 11 am- 3:30 pm on the 3rd Tuesday of the month. Participants can enjoy lunch, art, drama, music, intergenerational activities, community service, and animal friends at the Hays Senior Center.Through these programs, A Different Mindset Association hopes to relieve caregivers and enrich the lives of those with dementia through social connections, recreation, and a newfound purpose.Everyone needs a break to rest and recharge. Respite care can provide temporary relief from caregiving, while the person with dementia continues to receive care in a safe environment. Using respite services can strengthen your ability to provide the best care possible.Visit https://www.adiffmindsetassoc.org/adm/support/ or call 785- 269-1928 to learn more about the services A Different Mindset Association provides.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.<div><iframe title="Great Bend Post Podcast" allowtransparency="true" height="315" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:315px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?i=exg2z-fe3d77-pbblog-playlist&share=1&download=1&rtl=0&fonts=Arial&skin=f6f6f6&font-color=auto&logo_link=episode_page&order=episodic&limit=10&filter=all&ss=a713390a017602015775e868a2cf26b0&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=315" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>

WINKEL: Respite services near you

Suicide is a preventable mental health crisis. As of 2022, Kansas ranked 17th&nbsp;in the nation for suicides. It was also the second leading cause of death for ages 10-44. And sadly overall, it is the 10th leading cause of death in our State. Every person knows someone that has either attempted or competed a suicide. With work to destigmatize mental health problems surrounding suicide, we can make inroads to reduce both attempted and completed suicides.

Knowing the signs someone is struggling is an important first step. On many occasions, a change in behavior or lack of interest in things they normally enjoy are key indicators.&nbsp; Someone who is struggling may also be anxious or worried. They may mention that they are unhappy or seem quieter or more withdrawn than normal. They may be sleeping more than normal, or are having issues with sleep. They may talk about wanting to die or that life would be better off without them. They may be giving personal items away, and expressing wanting it all to end. These are all major indicators that a person may be suicidal and may need immediate help.

Whether this is for you, or for someone you know, remembering ways to get help are so important. Asking a friend or loved one about suicide will NOT put the thought into their head or increase their risk of dying by suicide.&nbsp;If you or someone you know has mentioned or is experiencing suicidal thoughts or behaviors and need assistance, please call the National Crisis and Suicide Hotline&nbsp;at 988. You can use this number to call (or text) and the hotline is staffed 24/7. You or your loved ones do not have to be actively suicidal to call or text this number. But, if you are in a mental health crisis and in of need of assistance, the hotline is definitely there for you.

Everyone has an opportunity to help prevent suicide. If interested in suicide prevention training opportunities, such as Question, Persuade, Refer: Suicide Prevention&nbsp;(QPR) or Mental Health First Aid (MHFA), please contact me at 620-793-1910, or by email at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;and I can help you get trainings set up.&nbsp;&nbsp;Here are additional resources:

&nbsp;Local Resources&nbsp;·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; High Plains Mental Health Center.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://hpmhc.com/">https://hpmhc.com/</a>

<a target="_blank" href="https://thecentergb.org/">https://thecentergb.org/</a>

<a target="_blank" href="https://thecentergb.org/"></a>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Suicide is a preventable mental health crisis. As of 2022, Kansas ranked 17th&nbsp;in the nation for suicides. It was also the second leading cause of death for ages 10-44. And sadly overall, it is the 10th leading cause of death in our State. Every person knows someone that has either attempted or competed a suicide. With work to destigmatize mental health problems surrounding suicide, we can make inroads to reduce both attempted and completed suicides.Knowing the signs someone is struggling is an important first step. On many occasions, a change in behavior or lack of interest in things they normally enjoy are key indicators.&nbsp; Someone who is struggling may also be anxious or worried. They may mention that they are unhappy or seem quieter or more withdrawn than normal. They may be sleeping more than normal, or are having issues with sleep. They may talk about wanting to die or that life would be better off without them. They may be giving personal items away, and expressing wanting it all to end. These are all major indicators that a person may be suicidal and may need immediate help.Whether this is for you, or for someone you know, remembering ways to get help are so important. Asking a friend or loved one about suicide will NOT put the thought into their head or increase their risk of dying by suicide.&nbsp;If you or someone you know has mentioned or is experiencing suicidal thoughts or behaviors and need assistance, please call the National Crisis and Suicide Hotline&nbsp;at 988. You can use this number to call (or text) and the hotline is staffed 24/7. You or your loved ones do not have to be actively suicidal to call or text this number. But, if you are in a mental health crisis and in of need of assistance, the hotline is definitely there for you.Everyone has an opportunity to help prevent suicide. If interested in suicide prevention training opportunities, such as Question, Persuade, Refer: Suicide Prevention&nbsp;(QPR) or Mental Health First Aid (MHFA), please contact me at 620-793-1910, or by email at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;and I can help you get trainings set up.&nbsp;&nbsp;Here are additional resources:National Resources&nbsp;<ul>
 <li><a target="_blank" href="https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org/">https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org/</a> &nbsp;</li><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.sprc.org/">https://www.sprc.org/</a> &nbsp;</li><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.samhsa.gov/childrens-awareness-day/past-events/2019/resources-suicide-prevention">https://www.samhsa.gov/childrens-awareness-day/past-events/2019/resources-suicide-prevention</a> &nbsp;</li>
 </ul>&nbsp;State Resources&nbsp;<ul>
 <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.sprc.org/states/kansas">https://www.sprc.org/states/kansas</a> &nbsp;</li><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ksphq.org/">https://www.ksphq.org/</a> &nbsp;</li>
 </ul>&nbsp;Local Resources&nbsp;·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; High Plains Mental Health Center.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://hpmhc.com/">https://hpmhc.com/</a><ul>
 <li>The Center for Counseling and Consultation. 24/7 Crisis line –620-792-2544 or 800-875-8544&nbsp;</li>
 </ul><a target="_blank" href="https://thecentergb.org/">https://thecentergb.org/</a><a target="_blank" href="https://thecentergb.org/"></a>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Suicide is a preventable crisis

Announcement that the Conservation Awards Program will again be held in this county was received today by Alicia Boor, Agriculture and Natural Resources Extension Agent representing Barton County, who has been asked to serve as chairman of a committee to select candidates for awards.

This program is being sponsored by the Kansas Bankers Association (KBA). This year the KBA, K-State Research and Extension, and the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism are excited to announce seven award categories including Energy Conservation, Water Quality, Water Conservation, Soil Conservation, Windbreaks, Grasslands, and Wildlife Habitat.

The purpose of this program is to stimulate a greater interest in the conservation of the agricultural and natural resources of Kansas by giving recognition to those farmers and landowners who have made outstanding progress in practicing conservation on their farms. Last year 197 awards were made to Kansas producers and landowners for their efforts.

Nominations can be made by any person in the county. They should be sent to the Alicia Boor, Cottonwood District at 620-793-1910 or aboor@ksu.edu by October 1, 2023. Please visit the following K-State Research and Extension website for more information:&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.agronomy.k-state.edu/extension">http://www.agronomy.k-state.edu/extension</a>

<a target="_blank" href="http://www.agronomy.k-state.edu/extension"></a>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Announcement that the Conservation Awards Program will again be held in this county was received today by Alicia Boor, Agriculture and Natural Resources Extension Agent representing Barton County, who has been asked to serve as chairman of a committee to select candidates for awards.This program is being sponsored by the Kansas Bankers Association (KBA). This year the KBA, K-State Research and Extension, and the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism are excited to announce seven award categories including Energy Conservation, Water Quality, Water Conservation, Soil Conservation, Windbreaks, Grasslands, and Wildlife Habitat.The purpose of this program is to stimulate a greater interest in the conservation of the agricultural and natural resources of Kansas by giving recognition to those farmers and landowners who have made outstanding progress in practicing conservation on their farms. Last year 197 awards were made to Kansas producers and landowners for their efforts.Nominations can be made by any person in the county. They should be sent to the Alicia Boor, Cottonwood District at 620-793-1910 or aboor@ksu.edu by October 1, 2023. Please visit the following K-State Research and Extension website for more information:&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.agronomy.k-state.edu/extension">http://www.agronomy.k-state.edu/extension</a><a target="_blank" href="http://www.agronomy.k-state.edu/extension"></a>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.<div><iframe title="Great Bend Post Podcast" allowtransparency="true" height="315" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:315px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?i=exg2z-fe3d77-pbblog-playlist&share=1&download=1&rtl=0&fonts=Arial&skin=f6f6f6&font-color=auto&logo_link=episode_page&order=episodic&limit=10&filter=all&ss=a713390a017602015775e868a2cf26b0&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=315" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>

BOOR: Conservation Awards Program

Early last spring, I was giddy to plant the garden. We picked out a variety of crops from watermelon, okra, and yellow squash, to tomatoes, and cauliflower. However, the ever-changing Kansas weather seemed to get the best of it. From the start, high winds, hail, and heat made it difficult for the garden to get established. By June, the only plant producing was the hearty yellow squash. And when I say hearty, I mean it. The squash didn’t seem to mind the harsh weather. In fact, it overtook half of the garden and we are still pawning off dozens of the bright yellow vegetables weekly.

So, if you’re anything like me, maybe you haven’t had the best garden this year, but you’re grateful to harvest a few crops so far. Perhaps you’ve had an abundance of summer squash or zucchini and you’re looking for new ways to prevent it from going to waste. After all, squash is great for you! It’s full of vitamin C, potassium, beta carotene, and fiber.

To preserve squash, one option is to freeze it. In fact, freezing it can preserve it for 10 months. This way, you can reap the benefits of it later this year. To freeze squash, first choose young squash with tender skins. Wash and cut into ½-inch slices. Blanch in boiling water for 3 minutes; cool in ice water for at least 3 minutes. Drain and package into freezer bags or freezer containers, leaving ½-inch headspace.

· Grated zucchini (for baking): Choose young tender zucchini. Wash and grate. Steam blanch in small quantities 1 to 2 minutes until translucent. Pack in measured amounts into containers, leaving ½-inch headspace. Cool by placing the containers in ice water. Seal and freeze. If watery when thawed, discard the liquid before using the zucchini.

Another way to save zucchini or summer squash is to pickle it, but always make sure to follow a tested recipe. For example, the National Center for Home Preservation website provides safe recipes for pickling squash, and note that it is not recommended to can squash.

· To pickle squash, it may be diced or shredded by hand instead of a food processor. In any recipe, a variety of onion is acceptable, and celery salt may be substituted for celery seed for a taste preference. Also, fresh relish can be enjoyed without processing, but fresh or opened jars should be refrigerated. For best quality and safety, consume refrigerated pickled squash within 7 days.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Early last spring, I was giddy to plant the garden. We picked out a variety of crops from watermelon, okra, and yellow squash, to tomatoes, and cauliflower. However, the ever-changing Kansas weather seemed to get the best of it. From the start, high winds, hail, and heat made it difficult for the garden to get established. By June, the only plant producing was the hearty yellow squash. And when I say hearty, I mean it. The squash didn’t seem to mind the harsh weather. In fact, it overtook half of the garden and we are still pawning off dozens of the bright yellow vegetables weekly.So, if you’re anything like me, maybe you haven’t had the best garden this year, but you’re grateful to harvest a few crops so far. Perhaps you’ve had an abundance of summer squash or zucchini and you’re looking for new ways to prevent it from going to waste. After all, squash is great for you! It’s full of vitamin C, potassium, beta carotene, and fiber.To preserve squash, one option is to freeze it. In fact, freezing it can preserve it for 10 months. This way, you can reap the benefits of it later this year. To freeze squash, first choose young squash with tender skins. Wash and cut into ½-inch slices. Blanch in boiling water for 3 minutes; cool in ice water for at least 3 minutes. Drain and package into freezer bags or freezer containers, leaving ½-inch headspace.· Grated zucchini (for baking): Choose young tender zucchini. Wash and grate. Steam blanch in small quantities 1 to 2 minutes until translucent. Pack in measured amounts into containers, leaving ½-inch headspace. Cool by placing the containers in ice water. Seal and freeze. If watery when thawed, discard the liquid before using the zucchini.Another way to save zucchini or summer squash is to pickle it, but always make sure to follow a tested recipe. For example, the National Center for Home Preservation website provides safe recipes for pickling squash, and note that it is not recommended to can squash.· To pickle squash, it may be diced or shredded by hand instead of a food processor. In any recipe, a variety of onion is acceptable, and celery salt may be substituted for celery seed for a taste preference. Also, fresh relish can be enjoyed without processing, but fresh or opened jars should be refrigerated. For best quality and safety, consume refrigerated pickled squash within 7 days.For immediate use, there are hundreds of ways to prepare the versatile vegetable. Sautee or grill it for a side dish, make zucchini boats, throw it in a stir fry, or breakfast scramble. Try it in a casserole or vegetable lasagna. Hide it in a pasta dish by blending it into the sauce or cook it into a soup. Dice it finely and mix it into a salad. Alternatively, create a treat by baking it in a quick bread!If you’re anything like me, you don’t have a shortage of squash. Luckily, there isn’t a shortage of ways to prepare it! So, be creative this season. You might find your new favorite way to soak up the nutrients of squash and prevent your hard work in the garden from going to waste.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.