I don’t know about you but this summer has flown by!

When our kids were small, transitioning back from long days of farm life to the much more structured pace of school was often a challenge. While they certainly had early mornings and a multitude of responsibilities for the farm, it was much different getting up and ready for the school bus every day.

I usually tried to start a few weeks ahead of time with slowly adjusting bedtime schedules. As an off-the-farm working mom, it was often stressful and I regularly worried that I had everything prepared!

Things that helped us were a white-board calendar the size of the freezer door. Each family member had their own color of dry erase marker and it made schedules a little more manageable. We also kept a grocery list on the refrigerator door and each family member was expected to add items they needed for every day or wanted for lunches.

Speaking of lunches, we had one pretty picky eater and our plan was that the kids had to check the next day’s lunch menu and had to eat at least three items on the menu including the main dish or they had to pack their lunch! Yes, I checked their lunch to make sure it wasn’t just cookies and chips! They usually did a pretty good job of packing a mostly balanced meal that they would actually eat.

I was never very good about laying out clothes the night before – I can’t manage that for myself as an adult! While I do appreciate that this habit can definitely make mornings smoother, I am still a work in progress. Keeping up on laundry was always a challenge, especially with farm dirt and working full-time, so we tried to have a schedule of washing a load a day. It sure helped when the kids were old enough to help which meant 7 or 8 was helping to fold and definitely putting their own things away. By 10 or 12, they helped with hanging things up or putting them in the dryer.

Both kids are good cooks and those skills started at an early age. Knowing the basics of food preparation allowed them to get ingredients together or begin thawing meat for a meal by the time they were in middle school.

All of those things didn’t guarantee smooth evenings especially with homework. Their normal station was in the kitchen so we could talk about assignments and their day while I made dinner and they worked on homework. It was a good way to practice conversation and have a small window into their fun, frustrations, and feelings. These days, I miss those moments but our daughter often calls on her way home from work in Kansas City and we chat while I start dinner!

Nothing of these ideas are rocket science but I hope you will look for ways to connect with your kids in car or in the kitchen.

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

All Kansas Extension education programs and materials are available to all individuals without discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age or disability

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>I don’t know about you but this summer has flown by!When our kids were small, transitioning back from long days of farm life to the much more structured pace of school was often a challenge. While they certainly had early mornings and a multitude of responsibilities for the farm, it was much different getting up and ready for the school bus every day.I usually tried to start a few weeks ahead of time with slowly adjusting bedtime schedules. As an off-the-farm working mom, it was often stressful and I regularly worried that I had everything prepared!Things that helped us were a white-board calendar the size of the freezer door. Each family member had their own color of dry erase marker and it made schedules a little more manageable. We also kept a grocery list on the refrigerator door and each family member was expected to add items they needed for every day or wanted for lunches.Speaking of lunches, we had one pretty picky eater and our plan was that the kids had to check the next day’s lunch menu and had to eat at least three items on the menu including the main dish or they had to pack their lunch! Yes, I checked their lunch to make sure it wasn’t just cookies and chips! They usually did a pretty good job of packing a mostly balanced meal that they would actually eat.I was never very good about laying out clothes the night before – I can’t manage that for myself as an adult! While I do appreciate that this habit can definitely make mornings smoother, I am still a work in progress. Keeping up on laundry was always a challenge, especially with farm dirt and working full-time, so we tried to have a schedule of washing a load a day. It sure helped when the kids were old enough to help which meant 7 or 8 was helping to fold and definitely putting their own things away. By 10 or 12, they helped with hanging things up or putting them in the dryer.Both kids are good cooks and those skills started at an early age. Knowing the basics of food preparation allowed them to get ingredients together or begin thawing meat for a meal by the time they were in middle school.All of those things didn’t guarantee smooth evenings especially with homework. Their normal station was in the kitchen so we could talk about assignments and their day while I made dinner and they worked on homework. It was a good way to practice conversation and have a small window into their fun, frustrations, and feelings. These days, I miss those moments but our daughter often calls on her way home from work in Kansas City and we chat while I start dinner!Nothing of these ideas are rocket science but I hope you will look for ways to connect with your kids in car or in the kitchen.Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.All Kansas Extension education programs and materials are available to all individuals without discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age or disability

BERAN: Back to school lunches

Aug. 1 signifies the kickoff for World Breastfeeding Week (Aug. 1-7) as well as August as National Breastfeeding Month. Each year the United States Breastfeeding Committee (USBC) requests a Congressional Proclamation to declare August as National Breastfeeding Month in the United States. In 2021, the USBC piloted a toolkit that individuals could use to urge their governor to proclaim August as "Breastfeeding Month" in their state or territory. Kansas has joined the list! Governor Kelly signed the proclamation for Kansas on July 29, 2024. The theme this year is “Nourish, Sustain, Thrive”

National Breastfeeding Month 2024 Weekly Observances

Week 1 (August 1-7): World Breastfeeding Week and National WIC Breastfeeding Week &nbsp; &nbsp;Theme: Closing the Gap: Breastfeeding support for All

Week 2 (August 8-14): Indigenous Milk Medicine Week &nbsp; &nbsp;Theme: Mind, Body, Milk Medicine.

Week 3 (August 15-21): Asian American Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Breastfeeding Week &nbsp; &nbsp;Theme: To Be Announced

Week 4 (August 25-31): Black Breastfeeding Week &nbsp; &nbsp;Theme: Listen Up! Reclaiming our Narrative and Centering Our Stories for Breastfeeding Justice

Week 5 (September 1-7): Workplace Lactation Week &nbsp; &nbsp;Theme: Policy to Practice: Making Lactation Support a Reality

Week 6 (September 3-9): Semana de La Lactancia Latina &nbsp; &nbsp;Theme: Reclaiming Culture Through Lactation

Most of us have heard about how breastfeeding positively affects the health of infants and toddlers. Breastfeeding also positively impacts families financially as well as the environment. However, many have not heard about the positive impacts on a mother’s health. Women who breastfeed their children lower their risk of breast cancer. According to an epidemiological study published in the The Lancet, breastfeeding is dose specific. For every 12 months of breastfeeding, the risk of breast cancer goes down by 4.3%. This can be for one child or a combination of children. Breastfeeding also reduces the risk of ovarian cancer, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes as reported by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Finally, studies also show that breastfeeding can help lower the risk of osteoporosis and stroke. That is a lot of health benefits that make for healthier women and society. And those are only the physical health benefits. There are also social-emotional benefits as well that help with bonding and parenting.

Just because a woman wants to breastfeed though doesn’t mean that she has the support to do so. While breastfeeding is natural, it isn’t always easy. The World Breastfeeding Week campaign this year focuses on survival, health and wellbeing. It will showcase the need to improve breastfeeding support to reduce inequalities that exist in our society with a special focus on breastfeeding in times of emergencies and crisis. A mother who is breastfeeding can continue to feed her baby without the need for clean water, formula or a way to boil water. Feeding her baby is one less thing to think about during an emergency or crisis.

Join us to celebrate mothers and to protect, promote, and support breastfeeding and human milk feeding for the 14th annual National Breastfeeding Month. In Hays and Ellis County, La Leche League of the Western Plains and the Ellis County Breastfeeding Coalition will hold a celebration on August 14th, 2024 at 10 am during our regularly scheduled La Leche League meeting. Come see what in-person support is all about and help us celebrate breastfeeding in Ellis County. Refreshments will be served. 

https://www.usbreastfeeding.org/national-breastfeeding-month.html

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Aug. 1 signifies the kickoff for World Breastfeeding Week (Aug. 1-7) as well as August as National Breastfeeding Month. Each year the United States Breastfeeding Committee (USBC) requests a Congressional Proclamation to declare August as National Breastfeeding Month in the United States. In 2021, the USBC piloted a toolkit that individuals could use to urge their governor to proclaim August as "Breastfeeding Month" in their state or territory. Kansas has joined the list! Governor Kelly signed the proclamation for Kansas on July 29, 2024. The theme this year is “Nourish, Sustain, Thrive”National Breastfeeding Month 2024 Weekly ObservancesWeek 1 (August 1-7): World Breastfeeding Week and National WIC Breastfeeding Week &nbsp; &nbsp;Theme: Closing the Gap: Breastfeeding support for All Week 2 (August 8-14): Indigenous Milk Medicine Week &nbsp; &nbsp;Theme: Mind, Body, Milk Medicine. Week 3 (August 15-21): Asian American Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Breastfeeding Week &nbsp; &nbsp;Theme: To Be Announced Week 4 (August 25-31): Black Breastfeeding Week &nbsp; &nbsp;Theme: Listen Up! Reclaiming our Narrative and Centering Our Stories for Breastfeeding JusticeWeek 5 (September 1-7): Workplace Lactation Week &nbsp; &nbsp;Theme: Policy to Practice: Making Lactation Support a RealityWeek 6 (September 3-9): Semana de La Lactancia Latina &nbsp; &nbsp;Theme: Reclaiming Culture Through LactationMost of us have heard about how breastfeeding positively affects the health of infants and toddlers. Breastfeeding also positively impacts families financially as well as the environment. However, many have not heard about the positive impacts on a mother’s health. Women who breastfeed their children lower their risk of breast cancer. According to an epidemiological study published in the The Lancet, breastfeeding is dose specific. For every 12 months of breastfeeding, the risk of breast cancer goes down by 4.3%. This can be for one child or a combination of children. Breastfeeding also reduces the risk of ovarian cancer, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes as reported by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Finally, studies also show that breastfeeding can help lower the risk of osteoporosis and stroke. That is a lot of health benefits that make for healthier women and society. And those are only the physical health benefits. There are also social-emotional benefits as well that help with bonding and parenting.Just because a woman wants to breastfeed though doesn’t mean that she has the support to do so. While breastfeeding is natural, it isn’t always easy. The World Breastfeeding Week campaign this year focuses on survival, health and wellbeing. It will showcase the need to improve breastfeeding support to reduce inequalities that exist in our society with a special focus on breastfeeding in times of emergencies and crisis. A mother who is breastfeeding can continue to feed her baby without the need for clean water, formula or a way to boil water. Feeding her baby is one less thing to think about during an emergency or crisis.Join us to celebrate mothers and to protect, promote, and support breastfeeding and human milk feeding for the 14th annual National Breastfeeding Month. In Hays and Ellis County, La Leche League of the Western Plains and the Ellis County Breastfeeding Coalition will hold a celebration on August 14th, 2024 at 10 am during our regularly scheduled La Leche League meeting. Come see what in-person support is all about and help us celebrate breastfeeding in Ellis County. Refreshments will be served. https://worldbreastfeedingweek.org/ https://www.usbreastfeeding.org/national-breastfeeding-month.htmlMonique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: World Breastfeeding Week/Month

The&nbsp;Extension Master Gardener (EMG) Program&nbsp;is an educational volunteer training program sponsored by K-State Research and Extension. This program was started at Washington State University in 1972. There are now EMG programs in all 50 states. K-State Research and Extension started their EMG program in 1980. Through this program, individuals are trained and certified in horticulture and related areas. These individuals, in turn, volunteer their expertise and services to help others through horticulture projects that benefit the community.

Once trained, EMGs provide research-based information to the public on many topics including water conservation, yard waste management, regional plant adaptability, and the environment. They are also available to answer questions about problems or concerns that a homeowner may be experiencing with their gardens or landscaping.

The EMGs work with their local Extension staff to develop educational programs that meet the horticultural needs of their local citizens. Projects may include school programs, demonstration gardens, speaker's bureau and answering questions on a horticulture hotline.

Extension Master Gardeners become friends with many interesting and talented individuals. They share ideas with one another. Extension Master Gardeners never stop learning, but continue to grow in their knowledge of garden related issues.

The Cottonwood District will be hosting training for individuals interested in joining the EMP Program. Persons interested in joining the program can stop by either the Hays or Great Bend office to pick up an application. Applications will be reviewed to determine if the individual fits the criteria necessary to join the program.

New EMG members are required to complete 40 hours of training in their first year. Training will begin in early September and conclude in December. There will be training classes every Thursday afternoon from 1:00-4:00. Training sessions will be held at both the Hays and Great Bend offices.

For more information about the EMP program offered by K-State, visit the following website:&nbsp;&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://hnr.k-state.edu/extension/consumer-horticulture/master-gardener/">https://hnr.k-state.edu/extension/consumer-horticulture/master-gardener//</a>. If you are interested in joining the EMP program, contact Jay Harris, EMG Coordinator by email:&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="mailto:jayharris@ksu.edu">jayharris@ksu.edu</a>. Being an Extension Master Gardener is a&nbsp;fun, interesting, and rewarding experience!

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>The&nbsp;Extension Master Gardener (EMG) Program&nbsp;is an educational volunteer training program sponsored by K-State Research and Extension. This program was started at Washington State University in 1972. There are now EMG programs in all 50 states. K-State Research and Extension started their EMG program in 1980. Through this program, individuals are trained and certified in horticulture and related areas. These individuals, in turn, volunteer their expertise and services to help others through horticulture projects that benefit the community.Once trained, EMGs provide research-based information to the public on many topics including water conservation, yard waste management, regional plant adaptability, and the environment. They are also available to answer questions about problems or concerns that a homeowner may be experiencing with their gardens or landscaping.The EMGs work with their local Extension staff to develop educational programs that meet the horticultural needs of their local citizens. Projects may include school programs, demonstration gardens, speaker's bureau and answering questions on a horticulture hotline.Extension Master Gardeners become friends with many interesting and talented individuals. They share ideas with one another. Extension Master Gardeners never stop learning, but continue to grow in their knowledge of garden related issues.The Cottonwood District will be hosting training for individuals interested in joining the EMP Program. Persons interested in joining the program can stop by either the Hays or Great Bend office to pick up an application. Applications will be reviewed to determine if the individual fits the criteria necessary to join the program.New EMG members are required to complete 40 hours of training in their first year. Training will begin in early September and conclude in December. There will be training classes every Thursday afternoon from 1:00-4:00. Training sessions will be held at both the Hays and Great Bend offices.For more information about the EMP program offered by K-State, visit the following website:&nbsp;&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://hnr.k-state.edu/extension/consumer-horticulture/master-gardener/">https://hnr.k-state.edu/extension/consumer-horticulture/master-gardener//</a>. If you are interested in joining the EMP program, contact Jay Harris, EMG Coordinator by email:&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="mailto:jayharris@ksu.edu">jayharris@ksu.edu</a>. Being an Extension Master Gardener is a&nbsp;fun, interesting, and rewarding experience!Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Extension Master Gardener program

If you’re the average American, you spend most of the day at work, and finding time to achieve any personal goals can seem daunting. In your “free time,” you may have kids to take care of, dinner to put on the table, or countless chores to get done. At the end of the day, you might not have much energy left to work on yourself.

One of your personal goals may be related to improving health and getting active, and as you already know, this is difficult to achieve amid a busy life. So, what if you took a different approach?

What if you could fit physical activity into your workday without sacrificing hours of your free time?

Here are a few nontraditional tips to sneak in physical activity throughout the workday:

· One simple approach is to adjust your commute. Instead of driving, try bicycling. Those who regularly bicycle to work have a substantially lower risk of heart disease and obesity.

· Take advantage of webinars and virtual meetings. Since your office door is likely closed in such meetings, you won’t look goofy marching in place, stretching, or using a pair of dumbbells.

· Invest in a walking pad that the whole office can utilize. A walking pad is a small treadmill that is suitable for a standing desk. Slowly walk while you work instead of sitting. This can make a tremendous difference in your activity level!

· Get moving over your lunch break. One of my favorite ways to move more throughout the day is to walk for 20- 30 minutes at noon. This little brain break gets blood flowing and energizes me throughout the afternoon. To save time over my lunch, I prep leftovers or a simple meal the evening before. If walking isn’t for you, a short resistance workout with bands, dumbbells, or body weight is another option!

· Walking meetings are an alternative way to brainstorm topics. In fact, studies show that walking engages parts of the brain that allow you to be innovative! So, next time you meet with a coworker, try walking and talking out the details.

A workplace that encourages healthy behaviors will help you achieve your wellness goals. Plus, it also has the potential to boost the prosperity of the business you work for. Studies show that health-oriented workplaces see increased productivity rates, lower healthcare costs, and reduced staff turnover.

Simple habits like sharing healthy foods or regular walking meetings can tremendously impact physical fitness and overall health. I encourage you to build a culture of wellness in the workplace by making a few small changes to your day. You might just be surprised by the results you see.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>If you’re the average American, you spend most of the day at work, and finding time to achieve any personal goals can seem daunting. In your “free time,” you may have kids to take care of, dinner to put on the table, or countless chores to get done. At the end of the day, you might not have much energy left to work on yourself.One of your personal goals may be related to improving health and getting active, and as you already know, this is difficult to achieve amid a busy life. So, what if you took a different approach?What if you could fit physical activity into your workday without sacrificing hours of your free time?Here are a few nontraditional tips to sneak in physical activity throughout the workday:· One simple approach is to adjust your commute. Instead of driving, try bicycling. Those who regularly bicycle to work have a substantially lower risk of heart disease and obesity.· Take advantage of webinars and virtual meetings. Since your office door is likely closed in such meetings, you won’t look goofy marching in place, stretching, or using a pair of dumbbells.· Invest in a walking pad that the whole office can utilize. A walking pad is a small treadmill that is suitable for a standing desk. Slowly walk while you work instead of sitting. This can make a tremendous difference in your activity level!· Get moving over your lunch break. One of my favorite ways to move more throughout the day is to walk for 20- 30 minutes at noon. This little brain break gets blood flowing and energizes me throughout the afternoon. To save time over my lunch, I prep leftovers or a simple meal the evening before. If walking isn’t for you, a short resistance workout with bands, dumbbells, or body weight is another option!· Walking meetings are an alternative way to brainstorm topics. In fact, studies show that walking engages parts of the brain that allow you to be innovative! So, next time you meet with a coworker, try walking and talking out the details.A workplace that encourages healthy behaviors will help you achieve your wellness goals. Plus, it also has the potential to boost the prosperity of the business you work for. Studies show that health-oriented workplaces see increased productivity rates, lower healthcare costs, and reduced staff turnover.Simple habits like sharing healthy foods or regular walking meetings can tremendously impact physical fitness and overall health. I encourage you to build a culture of wellness in the workplace by making a few small changes to your day. You might just be surprised by the results you see.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: Workplace wellness

By MIKE COURSON Great Bend Post

Sowbugs, pillbugs, roly-polies, woodlice, or even wood shrimp. No matter what you call them, do not call them bugs. The small gray creatures that are making their way into basements this time of year are actually crustaceans. Alicia Boor, agriculture and natural resources agent in the Cottonwood District for K-State Research and Extension, said there are actually two different specifies of the animals common to the area.

"For the most part, you can see both sowbugs and pillbugs," she said. "The sowbugs possess two small, tail-like appendages located at the end of the body and the pillbugs do not have appendages. That's how you can tell the difference."

Pillbugs can also roll up, thus the roly-poly moniker, while sowbugs cannot. Both are always found in moist environments because they cannot control moisture loss from their bodies. With weak chewing mouthparts, both typically feed on decaying organic matter. When they make their way into a home, they typically dry out and die.

"Because they are crustaceans, the scientific rumor is that they taste like shrimp and you can eat them like shrimp," Boor said. "But I have yet to find a person who is willing to try out this theory for me."

The best way to control pillbug and sowbug populations is by habitat manipulation, including removing mulch and leaf debris. Insecticides are usually not required inside the home because pillbugs and sowbugs die quickly. Both are considered beneficial to the environment and pose no risk to humans.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2024/7/1722002913964.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By MIKE COURSON Great Bend PostSowbugs, pillbugs, roly-polies, woodlice, or even wood shrimp. No matter what you call them, do not call them bugs. The small gray creatures that are making their way into basements this time of year are actually crustaceans. Alicia Boor, agriculture and natural resources agent in the Cottonwood District for K-State Research and Extension, said there are actually two different specifies of the animals common to the area."For the most part, you can see both sowbugs and pillbugs," she said. "The sowbugs possess two small, tail-like appendages located at the end of the body and the pillbugs do not have appendages. That's how you can tell the difference."Pillbugs can also roll up, thus the roly-poly moniker, while sowbugs cannot. Both are always found in moist environments because they cannot control moisture loss from their bodies. With weak chewing mouthparts, both typically feed on decaying organic matter. When they make their way into a home, they typically dry out and die."Because they are crustaceans, the scientific rumor is that they taste like shrimp and you can eat them like shrimp," Boor said. "But I have yet to find a person who is willing to try out this theory for me."The best way to control pillbug and sowbug populations is by habitat manipulation, including removing mulch and leaf debris. Insecticides are usually not required inside the home because pillbugs and sowbugs die quickly. Both are considered beneficial to the environment and pose no risk to humans.

Roly-polies among many creatures thriving with more precipitation

During this past season, we have seen widespread wheat streak mosaic virus across the state. Because of this, abundant curl mites will be active in the state. Producers should be vigilant about volunteer management between now and planting. Recent moisture may lead to higher levels of volunteer wheat emergence in the coming weeks.

Volunteer wheat control is one of the most important preventative measures for wheat streak mosaic virus. If volunteer wheat is allowed to stand, it creates a “green bridge,” allowing wheat streak mosaic and wheat curl mites to survive locally. Volunteer wheat should be terminated at least two weeks before planting to allow sufficient time for mites to die off. Growers should be mindful of volunteer wheat that may “hide” in double-cropped soybeans or cover crops and may be difficult to control.&nbsp;

Breaking the “green bridge”&nbsp;- wheat curl mites will move off growing wheat as the green tissue dries down and dies. After moving off the existing wheat at or near harvest time, the mites need to find green tissue of a suitable host soon, or they will die (death of the whole population will take approximately 2 weeks).

Producers often like to wait several weeks after harvest before making their first herbicide application to control volunteer wheat. This allows as much volunteer wheat as possible to emerge before spraying it or tilling it the first time. Glyphosate and atrazine are two herbicides that are often used for this purpose. Additional information about controlling volunteer wheat can be found in a recent eUpdate article: “<a target="_blank" href="https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/article/controlling-weeds-after-wheat-harvest-597-1">Controlling weeds after wheat harvest</a>.” Often, a second application or tillage operation will be needed later in the summer to eliminate the green bridge to fall-planted wheat by ensuring all volunteer wheat is dead within ½ mile of wheat being planted in the fall. Wet weather through late summer often favors multiple flushes of volunteer wheat. Also, it favors the growth of other grassy weeds that can support moderate populations of the curl mites and virus.

Management with genetic resistance: One tool in the toolbox&nbsp;- other than timely control of volunteer wheat, genetic resistance is also an important tool for WSMV control. Genetic resistance to wheat streak mosaic can also reduce the risk of severe disease problems. There are currently several wheat varieties adapted to Kansas that have wheat streak mosaic resistance. To see these refer to the full text of this article in the K-State Agronomy eUpdate, by typing that into your internet browser.

More information on variety selection can be found here: MF991&nbsp;KS.&nbsp;Wheat Variety Guide&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/kansas-wheat-variety-guide-2023_MF991.pdf">https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/kansas-wheat-variety-guide-2023_MF991.pdf</a>

Other hosts for the wheat curl mite&nbsp;- volunteer wheat is not the only host of the wheat curl mite. Over the years, multiple research studies have evaluated the suitability of wild grasses as hosts for both the curl mite and the wheat streak virus. There is considerable range in the ability of a grassy weed species to host the mite and the virus. Barnyardgrass is among the more suitable hosts for both the virus and mites, but fortunately, it is not that common in wheat fields. In contrast, although relatively poor hosts, various foxtails could be important disease reservoirs simply because of their abundance. These grasses may play an important role in allowing the mites and the virus to survive during the summer months, particularly in the absence of volunteer wheat.

The K-State Research and Extension publication, MF3383 -&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://www.bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF3383.pdf">Wheat Streak Mosaic</a>, includes information about grassy weed hosts of the mite and the virus and the contribution of these hosts to the risk of severe wheat streak mosaic infections. Take note of significant stands of these grasses in marginal areas and control them as you would volunteer wheat.

If volunteer wheat and other hosts are not controlled throughout the summer and become infested with wheat curl mites, the mites will survive until fall and could infest newly planted wheat. Wheat curl mite infestations of wheat often lead to wheat streak mosaic infections.

Information provided by Kelsey Andersen Onofre, Romulo Lollato, J.P. Michaud, and Sarah Lancaster K-State Extension Specialists.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>During this past season, we have seen widespread wheat streak mosaic virus across the state. Because of this, abundant curl mites will be active in the state. Producers should be vigilant about volunteer management between now and planting. Recent moisture may lead to higher levels of volunteer wheat emergence in the coming weeks.Volunteer wheat control is one of the most important preventative measures for wheat streak mosaic virus. If volunteer wheat is allowed to stand, it creates a “green bridge,” allowing wheat streak mosaic and wheat curl mites to survive locally. Volunteer wheat should be terminated at least two weeks before planting to allow sufficient time for mites to die off. Growers should be mindful of volunteer wheat that may “hide” in double-cropped soybeans or cover crops and may be difficult to control.&nbsp;Breaking the “green bridge”&nbsp;- wheat curl mites will move off growing wheat as the green tissue dries down and dies. After moving off the existing wheat at or near harvest time, the mites need to find green tissue of a suitable host soon, or they will die (death of the whole population will take approximately 2 weeks).Producers often like to wait several weeks after harvest before making their first herbicide application to control volunteer wheat. This allows as much volunteer wheat as possible to emerge before spraying it or tilling it the first time. Glyphosate and atrazine are two herbicides that are often used for this purpose. Additional information about controlling volunteer wheat can be found in a recent eUpdate article: “<a target="_blank" href="https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/article/controlling-weeds-after-wheat-harvest-597-1">Controlling weeds after wheat harvest</a>.” Often, a second application or tillage operation will be needed later in the summer to eliminate the green bridge to fall-planted wheat by ensuring all volunteer wheat is dead within ½ mile of wheat being planted in the fall. Wet weather through late summer often favors multiple flushes of volunteer wheat. Also, it favors the growth of other grassy weeds that can support moderate populations of the curl mites and virus.Management with genetic resistance: One tool in the toolbox&nbsp;- other than timely control of volunteer wheat, genetic resistance is also an important tool for WSMV control. Genetic resistance to wheat streak mosaic can also reduce the risk of severe disease problems. There are currently several wheat varieties adapted to Kansas that have wheat streak mosaic resistance. To see these refer to the full text of this article in the K-State Agronomy eUpdate, by typing that into your internet browser.More information on variety selection can be found here: MF991&nbsp;KS.&nbsp;Wheat Variety Guide&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/kansas-wheat-variety-guide-2023_MF991.pdf">https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/kansas-wheat-variety-guide-2023_MF991.pdf</a>Other hosts for the wheat curl mite&nbsp;- volunteer wheat is not the only host of the wheat curl mite. Over the years, multiple research studies have evaluated the suitability of wild grasses as hosts for both the curl mite and the wheat streak virus. There is considerable range in the ability of a grassy weed species to host the mite and the virus. Barnyardgrass is among the more suitable hosts for both the virus and mites, but fortunately, it is not that common in wheat fields. In contrast, although relatively poor hosts, various foxtails could be important disease reservoirs simply because of their abundance. These grasses may play an important role in allowing the mites and the virus to survive during the summer months, particularly in the absence of volunteer wheat.The K-State Research and Extension publication, MF3383 -&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://www.bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF3383.pdf">Wheat Streak Mosaic</a>, includes information about grassy weed hosts of the mite and the virus and the contribution of these hosts to the risk of severe wheat streak mosaic infections. Take note of significant stands of these grasses in marginal areas and control them as you would volunteer wheat.If volunteer wheat and other hosts are not controlled throughout the summer and become infested with wheat curl mites, the mites will survive until fall and could infest newly planted wheat. Wheat curl mite infestations of wheat often lead to wheat streak mosaic infections.Information provided by Kelsey Andersen Onofre, Romulo Lollato, J.P. Michaud, and Sarah Lancaster K-State Extension Specialists.

CAMPBELL: Wheat streak mosaic virus - control of volunteer wheat crucial

In the insect world, the cicadas stole the show in 2024 with the emergence of the 13-year and 17-year broods together for the first time in 221 years. While billions of the insects are impacting life in the eastern United States, another insect is making itself known in central and western Kansas: the grasshopper. Alicia Boor, agriculture and natural resources agent in the Cottonwood District for K-State Research and Extension, said there are limited options for controlling the insects.

"There are not a lot of insecticides that are going to kill the big ones," she said. "Your best bet is, if you find a hatching ground earlier in the spring, to spray using a recommended spray at that point to keep the population down. Once they get to this big stage a lot of them are at right now, unless you're going to have your neighbor and your whole neighborhood spray, you're not going to get a lot of coverage because they're just going to come back."

Certain conditions can lead to an increase in grasshoppers. Hot, dry summers can mean more grasshoppers laying eggs. If the following spring is warm and wet, more of those eggs will hatch. 

"Sometimes, if we have a couple of good years where they've had a lot of vegetation where their hatching grounds are, and they don't have to go out very far, they will stay and reproduce in that hatching ground," Boor said. "If we have a year where their good vegetation dries out, as they grow up and get to that last instar stage and become full-fledged adults, they grow wings."

The grasshoppers will eat all the food in an area before moving on. Boor said the insects can eat grass but are more likely to eat more succulent plants and crops. Five to eight grasshoppers per square yard in corn or sorghum may be enough to warrant insecticide treatment. The same applies to 15 or more grasshoppers in a square yard of alfalfa, and just a few grasshoppers per square yard of wheat can be destructive.

According to research from K-State, there are approximately 115 grasshopper species in the state, and only a few pose serious threats to grass and vegetable crops. The different, two-striped, and redlegged species are the three most common types of grasshoppers in Kansas. Differential and two-striped grasshoppers may grow as large as two inches. Most grasshoppers produce a single generation annually.&nbsp;

Boor did have some good news about grasshopper control: chickens love the insects, and many wild birds also eat the bugs. Several mammals are also known to dine on grasshoppers.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/6/1624552635915.jpg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By MIKE COURSON Great Bend PostIn the insect world, the cicadas stole the show in 2024 with the emergence of the 13-year and 17-year broods together for the first time in 221 years. While billions of the insects are impacting life in the eastern United States, another insect is making itself known in central and western Kansas: the grasshopper. Alicia Boor, agriculture and natural resources agent in the Cottonwood District for K-State Research and Extension, said there are limited options for controlling the insects."There are not a lot of insecticides that are going to kill the big ones," she said. "Your best bet is, if you find a hatching ground earlier in the spring, to spray using a recommended spray at that point to keep the population down. Once they get to this big stage a lot of them are at right now, unless you're going to have your neighbor and your whole neighborhood spray, you're not going to get a lot of coverage because they're just going to come back."Certain conditions can lead to an increase in grasshoppers. Hot, dry summers can mean more grasshoppers laying eggs. If the following spring is warm and wet, more of those eggs will hatch. "Sometimes, if we have a couple of good years where they've had a lot of vegetation where their hatching grounds are, and they don't have to go out very far, they will stay and reproduce in that hatching ground," Boor said. "If we have a year where their good vegetation dries out, as they grow up and get to that last instar stage and become full-fledged adults, they grow wings."The grasshoppers will eat all the food in an area before moving on. Boor said the insects can eat grass but are more likely to eat more succulent plants and crops. Five to eight grasshoppers per square yard in corn or sorghum may be enough to warrant insecticide treatment. The same applies to 15 or more grasshoppers in a square yard of alfalfa, and just a few grasshoppers per square yard of wheat can be destructive.According to research from K-State, there are approximately 115 grasshopper species in the state, and only a few pose serious threats to grass and vegetable crops. The different, two-striped, and redlegged species are the three most common types of grasshoppers in Kansas. Differential and two-striped grasshoppers may grow as large as two inches. Most grasshoppers produce a single generation annually.&nbsp;Boor did have some good news about grasshopper control: chickens love the insects, and many wild birds also eat the bugs. Several mammals are also known to dine on grasshoppers.

Grasshoppers becoming an issue in central, western Kansas

It’s hard to believe that another year of being an extension agent has flown by! July 25 marks my 2nd anniversary as an extension agent. I just finished up my second year at the Ellis County Fair as well. Thank goodness for wonderful weather as it was another enjoyable week at the fairgrounds.

This year I got to help judge a couple of classes, which was quite an honor. I got to help Neil Younger, Ellis County Commissioner, judge the Special Class which was “Anything Noodles”. We had several entries but the winner went to, Dustin Rajewski, who made a tasty cold pasta salad based off of a Philly cheesesteak sandwich. I also assisted Seamus Holmes, Eagle Scout, who judged the open class scouting division. With a small number of entries, it was a difficult decision! I encourage more scouts to enter their merit badge projects, pinewood derby cars, or collections in the fair.

I also want to send a big thank you to all adults and youth who entered our King Arthur muffin class. We had a nice number of entries. Next year the King Arthur class will be “Yeast Breads”.

My favorite part of the 2024 fair was getting to watch the 4-H Champion Fitting and Showing Contest. I had never seen this competition before but WOW! These kids are amazing. I can’t believe the confidence and joy they have in working with the animals. I was brought to tears when the winners were announced. The junior winners were brothers so they hugged each other. Then two of their sisters won intermediate and finally one of their older sisters won the senior division. Almost the whole family was out there hugging and congratulating each other. It was heartwarming to see the support and love for each other.

One of the highlights of my second year was the Stay Strong, Stay Healthy Level 2 class held at the beginning of 2024. Stay Strong, Stay Healthy is a strength training class for older adults that helps them with balance, strength and flexibility. I had ten women enroll who were also previous Level 1 participants. They all finished! Now that is perseverance! Yes, life happens and throws us curveballs. Some participants had to miss a few classes, but they all finished. Not only did they all finish, but they continued to meet and do the exercises on their own! We had so much fun during the class and I’m so thankful for these ladies that have enriched my life and taught me so much. Another class will begin in early August.

I also brought two other K-State Research and Extension signature programs to the Cottonwood District this year. I have to say Walk with Ease has been my favorite program to offer. Walk with Ease is a program designed to help people with arthritis develop a walking routine. We partnered with Hays Rec to offer this program. Dining with Diabetes was the other new program offered this year. Thanks again to Hays Rec for partnering with us to provide an education and demonstration class to people with diabetes. We plan to continue these programs as time and need allow.

Since my background is in early childhood, I really enjoy supporting child cares in our community as well as programming in libraries and schools. Glo-germ handwashing, blender bike, story walks and organwise are a few of the programs I have to offer for the youth.

Goals for next year include offering Hypertension Awareness Prevention Program (look for that in February 2025) and to increase Maternal Child Health services in Ellis County. Several community partners plan on offering Becoming a Mom prenatal education classes in 2025 to create a circle of support for all families expecting a baby within their peers and with the services available to them in Ellis County. Mental health programs continue to be important in our community. I recently became certified in QPR (Question, Persuade and Refer) which is a suicide prevention program and plan to offer those trainings as well.

Thank you, for another wonderful year! If you have any questions about current or future programming, please feel free to give me a call, send an email, or stop by the office!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>It’s hard to believe that another year of being an extension agent has flown by! July 25 marks my 2nd anniversary as an extension agent. I just finished up my second year at the Ellis County Fair as well. Thank goodness for wonderful weather as it was another enjoyable week at the fairgrounds.This year I got to help judge a couple of classes, which was quite an honor. I got to help Neil Younger, Ellis County Commissioner, judge the Special Class which was “Anything Noodles”. We had several entries but the winner went to, Dustin Rajewski, who made a tasty cold pasta salad based off of a Philly cheesesteak sandwich. I also assisted Seamus Holmes, Eagle Scout, who judged the open class scouting division. With a small number of entries, it was a difficult decision! I encourage more scouts to enter their merit badge projects, pinewood derby cars, or collections in the fair.I also want to send a big thank you to all adults and youth who entered our King Arthur muffin class. We had a nice number of entries. Next year the King Arthur class will be “Yeast Breads”.My favorite part of the 2024 fair was getting to watch the 4-H Champion Fitting and Showing Contest. I had never seen this competition before but WOW! These kids are amazing. I can’t believe the confidence and joy they have in working with the animals. I was brought to tears when the winners were announced. The junior winners were brothers so they hugged each other. Then two of their sisters won intermediate and finally one of their older sisters won the senior division. Almost the whole family was out there hugging and congratulating each other. It was heartwarming to see the support and love for each other.One of the highlights of my second year was the Stay Strong, Stay Healthy Level 2 class held at the beginning of 2024. Stay Strong, Stay Healthy is a strength training class for older adults that helps them with balance, strength and flexibility. I had ten women enroll who were also previous Level 1 participants. They all finished! Now that is perseverance! Yes, life happens and throws us curveballs. Some participants had to miss a few classes, but they all finished. Not only did they all finish, but they continued to meet and do the exercises on their own! We had so much fun during the class and I’m so thankful for these ladies that have enriched my life and taught me so much. Another class will begin in early August.I also brought two other K-State Research and Extension signature programs to the Cottonwood District this year. I have to say Walk with Ease has been my favorite program to offer. Walk with Ease is a program designed to help people with arthritis develop a walking routine. We partnered with Hays Rec to offer this program. Dining with Diabetes was the other new program offered this year. Thanks again to Hays Rec for partnering with us to provide an education and demonstration class to people with diabetes. We plan to continue these programs as time and need allow.Since my background is in early childhood, I really enjoy supporting child cares in our community as well as programming in libraries and schools. Glo-germ handwashing, blender bike, story walks and organwise are a few of the programs I have to offer for the youth.Goals for next year include offering Hypertension Awareness Prevention Program (look for that in February 2025) and to increase Maternal Child Health services in Ellis County. Several community partners plan on offering Becoming a Mom prenatal education classes in 2025 to create a circle of support for all families expecting a baby within their peers and with the services available to them in Ellis County. Mental health programs continue to be important in our community. I recently became certified in QPR (Question, Persuade and Refer) which is a suicide prevention program and plan to offer those trainings as well.Thank you, for another wonderful year! If you have any questions about current or future programming, please feel free to give me a call, send an email, or stop by the office!Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: Where did the time go?

The Kansas Grazing Lands Coalition is hosting a mixed grass academy in Barton County on August 13-15 at Camp Aldrich near Claflin.

Learn more about rangeland management in a friendly setting with other ranchers, land managers, range management students and natural resource professionals.&nbsp;

During the Mixed Grass Academy, you will receive the opportunity to listen to others share their experiences, expertise, best practices, as well as gain hands on experience!&nbsp;

Besides learning plant identification, figuring stocking rates, monitoring vegetation response, estimating forage allocation and the rest of basics needed to manage your rangeland, there will be ranchers and natural resource professionals from NRCS and other organizations talking with you about how to plan long term for whatever nature or market forces bring to your ranching enterprise and how to respond to keep your rangeland health high and your livestock productive.

KGLC academy will be at Camp Aldrich, 884 NE 110 Ave, Claflin. The&nbsp;cost is $350 per student and covers room &amp; board, meals&nbsp;and tuition for the 2 ½ day academies.&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://www.kglc.org/range-academy-registration-for-scholarship-attendees.cfm">Scholarships</a>&nbsp;of $175 are available for landowners, ranchers and operators.

To register, go to&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://www.kglc.org/">https://www.kglc.org</a>&nbsp;and click on “Range Academies”. Registration is due Aug. 5.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>The Kansas Grazing Lands Coalition is hosting a mixed grass academy in Barton County on August 13-15 at Camp Aldrich near Claflin.Learn more about rangeland management in a friendly setting with other ranchers, land managers, range management students and natural resource professionals.&nbsp;During the Mixed Grass Academy, you will receive the opportunity to listen to others share their experiences, expertise, best practices, as well as gain hands on experience!&nbsp;Besides learning plant identification, figuring stocking rates, monitoring vegetation response, estimating forage allocation and the rest of basics needed to manage your rangeland, there will be ranchers and natural resource professionals from NRCS and other organizations talking with you about how to plan long term for whatever nature or market forces bring to your ranching enterprise and how to respond to keep your rangeland health high and your livestock productive.KGLC academy will be at Camp Aldrich, 884 NE 110 Ave, Claflin. The&nbsp;cost is $350 per student and covers room &amp; board, meals&nbsp;and tuition for the 2 ½ day academies.&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://www.kglc.org/range-academy-registration-for-scholarship-attendees.cfm">Scholarships</a>&nbsp;of $175 are available for landowners, ranchers and operators.To register, go to&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://www.kglc.org/">https://www.kglc.org</a>&nbsp;and click on “Range Academies”. Registration is due Aug. 5.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Mixed grass academy at Camp Aldrich

Weather patterns can have a significant impact on grasshopper populations year to year. Hot, dry summers increase the survival of nymphs and adult grasshoppers, leading to increased egg production during the growing season. Cool, wet weather promotes fungal pathogens that can reduce egg and nymph survival, but if the following spring is warm and wet, egg hatching will increase, and more nymphs survive. So, several years of hot, dry summers followed by warm, wet springs can eventually lead to large populations of grasshoppers in some regions.

Weather patterns, along with abundant grassy and broad-leaf weeds, have supported the presence of large grasshopper populations in western and central Kansas this year. Most crops are likely mature enough to withstand some defoliation as summer continues. However, 5 to 8 grasshoppers per square yard in corn or sorghum fields may warrant treatment.

Fall-planted crops: Alfalfa and wheat

Later this season, fall-planted crops could be at risk, especially as alternate food sources are controlled or go dormant. In areas with larger grasshopper populations, seedling alfalfa and wheat could be at risk.

Before planting alfalfa, treatment should be considered if there are 15 or more grasshoppers per square yard around the planting area. Once planted and growing, consider treatment if 3-5 grasshoppers per square yard are found in the seedling alfalfa stand.

Vegetated borders around areas where wheat will be planted should be scouted 10 days before planting. Consider treating those borders if there are 7 to 12 grasshoppers per square yard. Once growing, 3 or more grasshoppers per square yard within the field can destroy seedling wheat stands. If grasshopper populations are low to moderate, seed treatments can protect emerging wheat plants for several weeks if products are applied at the highest registered rate. Seed treatments will be less effective under severe grasshopper pressure. Avoid planting too early, as this will help reduce the time that wheat will need to be protected.

In either crop, multiple applications might be necessary depending on the products used and the severity of the season’s grasshopper buildup. Please refer to the most recent Insect Management Guides for specific control information or search corn, sorghum, alfalfa, or wheat KSU insect management guide on your internet browser.

Information provided by Anthony Zukoff, Extension Entomology Associate – Garden City.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Weather patterns can have a significant impact on grasshopper populations year to year. Hot, dry summers increase the survival of nymphs and adult grasshoppers, leading to increased egg production during the growing season. Cool, wet weather promotes fungal pathogens that can reduce egg and nymph survival, but if the following spring is warm and wet, egg hatching will increase, and more nymphs survive. So, several years of hot, dry summers followed by warm, wet springs can eventually lead to large populations of grasshoppers in some regions.Weather patterns, along with abundant grassy and broad-leaf weeds, have supported the presence of large grasshopper populations in western and central Kansas this year. Most crops are likely mature enough to withstand some defoliation as summer continues. However, 5 to 8 grasshoppers per square yard in corn or sorghum fields may warrant treatment.Fall-planted crops: Alfalfa and wheatLater this season, fall-planted crops could be at risk, especially as alternate food sources are controlled or go dormant. In areas with larger grasshopper populations, seedling alfalfa and wheat could be at risk.Before planting alfalfa, treatment should be considered if there are 15 or more grasshoppers per square yard around the planting area. Once planted and growing, consider treatment if 3-5 grasshoppers per square yard are found in the seedling alfalfa stand.Vegetated borders around areas where wheat will be planted should be scouted 10 days before planting. Consider treating those borders if there are 7 to 12 grasshoppers per square yard. Once growing, 3 or more grasshoppers per square yard within the field can destroy seedling wheat stands. If grasshopper populations are low to moderate, seed treatments can protect emerging wheat plants for several weeks if products are applied at the highest registered rate. Seed treatments will be less effective under severe grasshopper pressure. Avoid planting too early, as this will help reduce the time that wheat will need to be protected.In either crop, multiple applications might be necessary depending on the products used and the severity of the season’s grasshopper buildup. Please refer to the most recent Insect Management Guides for specific control information or search corn, sorghum, alfalfa, or wheat KSU insect management guide on your internet browser.Information provided by Anthony Zukoff, Extension Entomology Associate – Garden City.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Grasshopper populations in Kansas remain elevated

You have a long to-do list and not enough time in the day to get everything done. Most Americans would agree that this is a regular dilemma. So, we often try to solve this problem by multitasking. Whether it’s eating lunch while replying to emails or making a grocery list while talking on the phone, we are all guilty of multitasking whether we realize it or not.

If you’ve ever noticed that you’re ineffective while multitasking, that’s probably because the human brain is unable to do it. In fact, MIT professor, Dr. Earl Miller, explains, “The brain is incapable of simultaneously processing separate streams of information from multiple tasks.” When we try to multitask, what we are actually doing is inefficiently “task-switching.”

As you can see, productivity suffers when we multitask, but this is not the only consequence of it. Another short-term effect includes overindulgence, and in the long run, this can wreak havoc on health.

It might seem strange to think that multitasking can lead to overindulgence, but research indicates that distraction causes a person to crave more of what they miss out on. For example, if a person plays sudoku while eating lunch, they aren’t fully satisfied by solving the puzzle or their meal. In fact, people who multitask while eating tend to overindulge in food throughout the day. Or, people who scroll through social media while watching TV tend to engage in both activities more frequently.

This concept can also apply to gambling, gaming, and drinking alcohol, so it’s crucial to be mindful when we take part in activities that release “feel good” hormones such as dopamine. Or else we may have the urge to overindulge later on.

To combat this, being mindful can help us to savor the moment and anything we may be doing. While mindfulness is a simple concept, it’s difficult to practice in the midst of a busy day. Here are two tips to stay focused on the present moment.

Start the day off right. First thing in the morning, focus on body sensations for a few minutes. This can include tingling, sleepiness, thirst, and more. You can also tune into sensory stimulations like smell, sight, and sound. These practices are intended to help you notice what is happening to you and around you.

Walking meditation is another structured activity that can help to build a greater sense of mindfulness. Focus on the movement of walking and take in the environment. For example, listen to the chirping birds and notice the warmth of sunshine. Redirect any wandering thoughts to your current experience.

In today’s world of constant distraction, mindfulness is no easy task. But, if we slowed down to savor the things we enjoy, maybe we would be more satisfied and healthier overall.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>You have a long to-do list and not enough time in the day to get everything done. Most Americans would agree that this is a regular dilemma. So, we often try to solve this problem by multitasking. Whether it’s eating lunch while replying to emails or making a grocery list while talking on the phone, we are all guilty of multitasking whether we realize it or not.If you’ve ever noticed that you’re ineffective while multitasking, that’s probably because the human brain is unable to do it. In fact, MIT professor, Dr. Earl Miller, explains, “The brain is incapable of simultaneously processing separate streams of information from multiple tasks.” When we try to multitask, what we are actually doing is inefficiently “task-switching.”As you can see, productivity suffers when we multitask, but this is not the only consequence of it. Another short-term effect includes overindulgence, and in the long run, this can wreak havoc on health.It might seem strange to think that multitasking can lead to overindulgence, but research indicates that distraction causes a person to crave more of what they miss out on. For example, if a person plays sudoku while eating lunch, they aren’t fully satisfied by solving the puzzle or their meal. In fact, people who multitask while eating tend to overindulge in food throughout the day. Or, people who scroll through social media while watching TV tend to engage in both activities more frequently.This concept can also apply to gambling, gaming, and drinking alcohol, so it’s crucial to be mindful when we take part in activities that release “feel good” hormones such as dopamine. Or else we may have the urge to overindulge later on.To combat this, being mindful can help us to savor the moment and anything we may be doing. While mindfulness is a simple concept, it’s difficult to practice in the midst of a busy day. Here are two tips to stay focused on the present moment.Start the day off right. First thing in the morning, focus on body sensations for a few minutes. This can include tingling, sleepiness, thirst, and more. You can also tune into sensory stimulations like smell, sight, and sound. These practices are intended to help you notice what is happening to you and around you.Walking meditation is another structured activity that can help to build a greater sense of mindfulness. Focus on the movement of walking and take in the environment. For example, listen to the chirping birds and notice the warmth of sunshine. Redirect any wandering thoughts to your current experience.In today’s world of constant distraction, mindfulness is no easy task. But, if we slowed down to savor the things we enjoy, maybe we would be more satisfied and healthier overall.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: Multitasking to mindfulness

Those of you who were at Discovery Days had the opportunity to hear Mitch Holthus, the voice of the Kansas City Chiefs, discuss the other 4 H’s. While I will not do as good of a job as Mr. Holthus did, I want to recap the 4 H’s as I feel they are important for us to remember throughout the year, but especially during this wonderful time of year when we can connect with our 4-H members and their families, and our 4-H volunteers.

The first H addressed was Humble, the power of the “mangy mutt”. Mr. Holthus shared the success of the Chiefs with their 8 consecutive AFC West titles, the 4 of the last 5 seasons they were in the Super Bowl as the AFC Champions, AND being winners of the Lamar Hunt Trophy with 3 Super Bowl wins. He went on to share the importance of the “mutt” to stay humble and hungry – to never blink or flinch; fear nothing and attack everything; and eliminate distractions and create energy. The hungry dog hunts the best. What are you hungry for? What is your program hungry for?

This leads us to the second H, Hungry, the power of listening. Mitch said that you can teach a new dog old tricks, but you can also teach an old dog new tricks. I’d encourage you to read that again and think about where you are in your career (new or old-er). Mr. Holthus continued to emphasize listening has a linear intention and it is important to listen to absorb, ascertain, then act. How many of us listen and while doing so are thinking of how we will respond vs. listening to absorb what is being said, make sure you understand what was being said to you, then act and respond?

The third H Mr. Holthus identified for the Discovery Days delegation was Hard, the power of perseverance. He asked us the question, Who will do the task when it is hard? We should not ask others to do work we would not do ourselves. Sometimes we have to get down in the dirt and get dirty with everyone else to get the job done. Sometimes we have successes

and sometimes we have challenges. Mitch indicates that after three strikes, we are not out! Instead, we should continue to work towards the goal and persevere! Once we get to our goal, we need to celebrate those milestones. In Extension, we do not always celebrate our accomplishments, but we need to make a point to do so. Yet, it is important that we not “stay” in the celebration mode.

The fourth and final H is History, the power of a footprint. Mr. Holthus asked several questions around this H which all focused on purpose. What is our purpose? Where do we fit? What will we leave behind? And will we be a free agent or a footprint maker? I really loved this last question and how he identified a legacy or impact as a footprint.

As you go through this busy summer season, I want you to think about these questions:

· What does this mean for you and your work?

· How do you listen to understand, then be understood?

· Do you celebrate the successes in your program?

· What legacy or footprint are you leaving in your program and on the lives of the Kansans you serve?

Summers can be stressful and exciting simultaneously. Let’s continue to ask these questions of ourselves, stay humble in our work, stay hungry and listen to others, be willing to do the hard things, and remember the power of the footprint you are leaving through your work.

Many thanks to Dr. Maass for sharing her reflection on this impactful presentation.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668177490614.jpeg" alt="written by: Michelle Beran - 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. " />
 <figcaption>written by: Michelle Beran - 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. </figcaption>
 </figure>Those of you who were at Discovery Days had the opportunity to hear Mitch Holthus, the voice of the Kansas City Chiefs, discuss the other 4 H’s. While I will not do as good of a job as Mr. Holthus did, I want to recap the 4 H’s as I feel they are important for us to remember throughout the year, but especially during this wonderful time of year when we can connect with our 4-H members and their families, and our 4-H volunteers.The first H addressed was Humble, the power of the “mangy mutt”. Mr. Holthus shared the success of the Chiefs with their 8 consecutive AFC West titles, the 4 of the last 5 seasons they were in the Super Bowl as the AFC Champions, AND being winners of the Lamar Hunt Trophy with 3 Super Bowl wins. He went on to share the importance of the “mutt” to stay humble and hungry – to never blink or flinch; fear nothing and attack everything; and eliminate distractions and create energy. The hungry dog hunts the best. What are you hungry for? What is your program hungry for?This leads us to the second H, Hungry, the power of listening. Mitch said that you can teach a new dog old tricks, but you can also teach an old dog new tricks. I’d encourage you to read that again and think about where you are in your career (new or old-er). Mr. Holthus continued to emphasize listening has a linear intention and it is important to listen to absorb, ascertain, then act. How many of us listen and while doing so are thinking of how we will respond vs. listening to absorb what is being said, make sure you understand what was being said to you, then act and respond?The third H Mr. Holthus identified for the Discovery Days delegation was Hard, the power of perseverance. He asked us the question, Who will do the task when it is hard? We should not ask others to do work we would not do ourselves. Sometimes we have to get down in the dirt and get dirty with everyone else to get the job done. Sometimes we have successesand sometimes we have challenges. Mitch indicates that after three strikes, we are not out! Instead, we should continue to work towards the goal and persevere! Once we get to our goal, we need to celebrate those milestones. In Extension, we do not always celebrate our accomplishments, but we need to make a point to do so. Yet, it is important that we not “stay” in the celebration mode.The fourth and final H is History, the power of a footprint. Mr. Holthus asked several questions around this H which all focused on purpose. What is our purpose? Where do we fit? What will we leave behind? And will we be a free agent or a footprint maker? I really loved this last question and how he identified a legacy or impact as a footprint.As you go through this busy summer season, I want you to think about these questions:· What does this mean for you and your work?· How do you stay humble and hungry?· How do you listen to understand, then be understood?· Do you celebrate the successes in your program?· What legacy or footprint are you leaving in your program and on the lives of the Kansans you serve?Summers can be stressful and exciting simultaneously. Let’s continue to ask these questions of ourselves, stay humble in our work, stay hungry and listen to others, be willing to do the hard things, and remember the power of the footprint you are leaving through your work.Many thanks to Dr. Maass for sharing her reflection on this impactful presentation.Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.All Kansas Extension education programs and materials are available to all individuals without discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age or disability

BERAN: The other 4 H’s according to Mitch Holthus

Ready or not it’s time to start planning the fall vegetable garden. Fall gardens may face additional pressures of pests and heat, but the flavor that comes from these late season crops are often better. Fall planting requires attention to the number of days to harvest as well as the crops’ tolerance to frost. Crops may be direct seeded or transplanted into the garden. Growing transplants is a good choice when the temperature is too warm for starting seeds in the ground, if you have grow lights and space available for starting them indoors.

When seeding crops directly into the garden, plant slightly deeper than recommended in the spring to take advantage of the cooler soil temperatures and moisture available. Water more frequently to prevent the seeds from drying out. Overhead watering often causes soil to crust, making it more difficult for young, tender plants to emerge. Prevent this by applying a light sprinkling of vermiculite or compost over the row after seeding or use a soaker hose or drip irrigation right next to the row to allow water to slowly seep into the ground.

Plant potatoes if you can find seed stock or have saved seed potatoes. Do not use

freshly dug potatoes as they have a built-in dormancy that will prevent growth. Also, grocery store potatoes are often treated so they don’t sprout.

Cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower can be started from seed at this time. Choose a protected place where the soil can be kept moist and rabbits will not bother them. This will not be where they will grow the entire season but these crops will be transplanted about mid-August.

Seed spinach and long-season maturing lettuce. Leaf lettuce will be seeded later.

Transplant cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower to their final location.

Seed radishes and leaf lettuce. No need to fertilize before planting. Side-dress two weeks after transplanting or four weeks after sowing seed by applying 2 tablespoons of a 16-0-0 or 1 tablespoon of a 27-3-3, 30-3-4 fertilizer, or something similar per plant.

The Kansas Garden Guide is a great resource for additional information about fall gardening.

K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Ready or not it’s time to start planning the fall vegetable garden. Fall gardens may face additional pressures of pests and heat, but the flavor that comes from these late season crops are often better. Fall planting requires attention to the number of days to harvest as well as the crops’ tolerance to frost. Crops may be direct seeded or transplanted into the garden. Growing transplants is a good choice when the temperature is too warm for starting seeds in the ground, if you have grow lights and space available for starting them indoors.When seeding crops directly into the garden, plant slightly deeper than recommended in the spring to take advantage of the cooler soil temperatures and moisture available. Water more frequently to prevent the seeds from drying out. Overhead watering often causes soil to crust, making it more difficult for young, tender plants to emerge. Prevent this by applying a light sprinkling of vermiculite or compost over the row after seeding or use a soaker hose or drip irrigation right next to the row to allow water to slowly seep into the ground.Mid-July:Plant potatoes if you can find seed stock or have saved seed potatoes. Do not usefreshly dug potatoes as they have a built-in dormancy that will prevent growth. Also, grocery store potatoes are often treated so they don’t sprout.Cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower can be started from seed at this time. Choose a protected place where the soil can be kept moist and rabbits will not bother them. This will not be where they will grow the entire season but these crops will be transplanted about mid-August.Late July:Seed beets, carrots and beans.Late July to Early August:Seed spinach and long-season maturing lettuce. Leaf lettuce will be seeded later.Second Week of August:Transplant cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower to their final location.Mid to Late August:Seed radishes and leaf lettuce. No need to fertilize before planting. Side-dress two weeks after transplanting or four weeks after sowing seed by applying 2 tablespoons of a 16-0-0 or 1 tablespoon of a 27-3-3, 30-3-4 fertilizer, or something similar per plant.The Kansas Garden Guide is a great resource for additional information about fall gardening.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Fall gardening

In drier years I get this question. When the soil is dry, will it be able to hold anhydrous ammonia or will some or most of the ammonia be lost shortly after application?

There are three factors that come into play when applying anhydrous ammonia to dry soils.

Chemical - Ammonia (NH3) needs to react with water shortly after application in order to convert into ammonium (NH4+), which is the molecule that can adhere to clay and organic matter in the soil. Ammonia is very soluble in water. After it is placed in the soil, NH3 reacts with water in the soil to form NH4+, which is retained on the soil cation exchange capacity sites. This process takes a little time – it does not occur immediately upon contact with the soil. The main controlling factors in the conversion of NH3 to NH4+ are soil temperature, soil moisture, and soil pH. The higher the soil temperature and the wetter the soil, the more rapid the conversion occurs. If the ammonia does not react with water, it will remain as a gas that could escape from the soil. Also, equilibrium between NH3 and NH4+ is affected by soil pH. More NH3 will remain unconverted in the soil longer at higher application rates and at higher soil pH levels.

Physical - Dry soils may be cloddy, with large air spaces where the soil has cracked. This can allow the gas to physically escape into the air before it has a chance to be converted into ammonium. Getting the soil sealed properly above the injection slot can also be a problem in dry soils. Loss of the ammonium gas can begin immediately after application continuing for several days to weeks if there is no moisture. N losses can be greater than 50%.

Application depth - The deeper the ammonia is applied, the more likely the ammonia will have moisture to react with, and the easier the sealing.

So, can anhydrous ammonia be applied to dry soils?

The answer is yes - as long as the ammonia is applied deep enough to get it in some moisture and the soil is well sealed above the injection slot. If the soil is dry and cloddy, there may be considerable losses of ammonia within just a few days of application if the soil is not well sealed above the injection slot and/or the injection point is too shallow.

Producers should be able to tell if anhydrous is escaping from the soil during application or if the ammonia isn’t being applied deeply enough. If ammonia can be smelled, the producer should either change the equipment setup to get better sealing or deeper injection, or wait until the soil has better moisture conditions.

In short, producers can minimize this potential loss problem by applying the anhydrous ammonia at the proper depth (at least 6 to 8 inches in 30 to 40 inch spacings), and using covering disks behind the knives or sealing wings ("beaver tails") on the knives.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>In drier years I get this question. When the soil is dry, will it be able to hold anhydrous ammonia or will some or most of the ammonia be lost shortly after application?There are three factors that come into play when applying anhydrous ammonia to dry soils.Chemical - Ammonia (NH3) needs to react with water shortly after application in order to convert into ammonium (NH4+), which is the molecule that can adhere to clay and organic matter in the soil. Ammonia is very soluble in water. After it is placed in the soil, NH3 reacts with water in the soil to form NH4+, which is retained on the soil cation exchange capacity sites. This process takes a little time – it does not occur immediately upon contact with the soil. The main controlling factors in the conversion of NH3 to NH4+ are soil temperature, soil moisture, and soil pH. The higher the soil temperature and the wetter the soil, the more rapid the conversion occurs. If the ammonia does not react with water, it will remain as a gas that could escape from the soil. Also, equilibrium between NH3 and NH4+ is affected by soil pH. More NH3 will remain unconverted in the soil longer at higher application rates and at higher soil pH levels.Physical - Dry soils may be cloddy, with large air spaces where the soil has cracked. This can allow the gas to physically escape into the air before it has a chance to be converted into ammonium. Getting the soil sealed properly above the injection slot can also be a problem in dry soils. Loss of the ammonium gas can begin immediately after application continuing for several days to weeks if there is no moisture. N losses can be greater than 50%.Application depth - The deeper the ammonia is applied, the more likely the ammonia will have moisture to react with, and the easier the sealing.So, can anhydrous ammonia be applied to dry soils?The answer is yes - as long as the ammonia is applied deep enough to get it in some moisture and the soil is well sealed above the injection slot. If the soil is dry and cloddy, there may be considerable losses of ammonia within just a few days of application if the soil is not well sealed above the injection slot and/or the injection point is too shallow.Producers should be able to tell if anhydrous is escaping from the soil during application or if the ammonia isn’t being applied deeply enough. If ammonia can be smelled, the producer should either change the equipment setup to get better sealing or deeper injection, or wait until the soil has better moisture conditions.In short, producers can minimize this potential loss problem by applying the anhydrous ammonia at the proper depth (at least 6 to 8 inches in 30 to 40 inch spacings), and using covering disks behind the knives or sealing wings ("beaver tails") on the knives.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Can dry soils affect anhydrous ammonia applications in KS?

Cottonwood Extension District brought the diabetes education program Dining with Diabetes to Ellis County for the first time in June. Monique Koerner and Karissa Winkel, Family and Community Wellness Agents were trained in 2023 and introduced the program to Hays last month.

Dining with Diabetes is a national extension program provided to Kansans by K-State Research and Extension Family and Consumer Sciences professionals and community health partners. The program is a series of four, 2-hour classes that are held once a week. Classes consist of a presentation on diabetes self-care or healthful food choices; presentations on tasty, healthy familiar foods, sampling foods, and demonstrations of cooking techniques using artificial sweeteners, reduced-fat foods, herbs, and spices.

The class in Hays had 8 attendees which was a really nice size for our first group of participants. Some of the participants knew each other and others met for the first time. However, they all had something in common. They were dealing with diabetes management for themselves or with a loved one.

In addition to the education aspect of the program, the group cooked together which really helped them get to know each other. Hopefully by actually cooking meals that are designed specifically for diabetics they got the hands-on practice that gave them the confidence to try more healthy meals at home. Participants received a book of recipes that have been created for diabetics. One participant noted how much better she felt after eating the healthy recipes. Another participant was surprised to find out she could still eat foods she thought were taboo or felt she had to eliminate from her diet.

Another aspect of diabetes that isn’t often discussed are the feelings around being diagnosed and managing diabetes. Sometimes it can be overwhelming. However, one of the participants felt that being able to share feelings with other diabetics was helpful. She felt supported which in turn helped her to make changes in her nutritional life and motivated to start taking better care of herself.

Extension also partners with local agencies such as health departments, hospitals, and dieticians to answer questions that may require a health care provider knowledge. In June, we had Kalee Lundmark, Registered Dietician, serve as our expert guest speaker. Kalee provided more specific information around nutrition, resources, and medications.

Part of the Dining with Diabetes program includes a 3 month follow up class for participants to share about their progress and challenges since taking the class. That class is planned for the first part of October.

Cottonwood Extension District will be offering Dining with Diabetes later this year in Barton County. Watch for details this fall.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.&nbsp;K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Cottonwood Extension District brought the diabetes education program Dining with Diabetes to Ellis County for the first time in June. Monique Koerner and Karissa Winkel, Family and Community Wellness Agents were trained in 2023 and introduced the program to Hays last month.Dining with Diabetes is a national extension program provided to Kansans by K-State Research and Extension Family and Consumer Sciences professionals and community health partners. The program is a series of four, 2-hour classes that are held once a week. Classes consist of a presentation on diabetes self-care or healthful food choices; presentations on tasty, healthy familiar foods, sampling foods, and demonstrations of cooking techniques using artificial sweeteners, reduced-fat foods, herbs, and spices.The class in Hays had 8 attendees which was a really nice size for our first group of participants. Some of the participants knew each other and others met for the first time. However, they all had something in common. They were dealing with diabetes management for themselves or with a loved one.In addition to the education aspect of the program, the group cooked together which really helped them get to know each other. Hopefully by actually cooking meals that are designed specifically for diabetics they got the hands-on practice that gave them the confidence to try more healthy meals at home. Participants received a book of recipes that have been created for diabetics. One participant noted how much better she felt after eating the healthy recipes. Another participant was surprised to find out she could still eat foods she thought were taboo or felt she had to eliminate from her diet.Another aspect of diabetes that isn’t often discussed are the feelings around being diagnosed and managing diabetes. Sometimes it can be overwhelming. However, one of the participants felt that being able to share feelings with other diabetics was helpful. She felt supported which in turn helped her to make changes in her nutritional life and motivated to start taking better care of herself.Extension also partners with local agencies such as health departments, hospitals, and dieticians to answer questions that may require a health care provider knowledge. In June, we had Kalee Lundmark, Registered Dietician, serve as our expert guest speaker. Kalee provided more specific information around nutrition, resources, and medications.Part of the Dining with Diabetes program includes a 3 month follow up class for participants to share about their progress and challenges since taking the class. That class is planned for the first part of October.Cottonwood Extension District will be offering Dining with Diabetes later this year in Barton County. Watch for details this fall.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.&nbsp;K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: Dining with diabetes wrap-up

Bicycling is a great activity for children. It increases coordination and improves physical health. It can also give children a sense of independence and provide the opportunity to socialize with others outdoors.

With that being said, bicycling isn’t a risk-free activity. In fact, according to Stanford Medicine, about 254 thousand children suffer bicycle-related injuries each year. For this reason, it’s important to educate children about bike safety practices. You can do your part as a parent or guardian by keeping a watchful eye and offering instructions when needed. Here are a few bike safety guidelines:

First and foremost, always wear a helmet! It’s a simple practice that can reduce the risk of injury including concussions. Make sure the helmet is damage-free and that it fits properly.

Wearing reflective gear or bright-colored clothing is smart for anyone riding a bicycle, including children. Bright colors help to increase visibility, especially in areas with high traffic.

Make sure the bike is correctly sized. Riding on a bike that is too big or small can make pedaling and balance difficult. This can result in falls and injuries. As the child grows, be sure to raise the seat and make other adjustments as needed.

It’s also important to maintain bikes by keeping tires inflated, oiling the chain regularly, tightening handlebars and seats as needed, and checking the brakes.

These are just a few tips that can prevent injury and save lives! If you would like your child to learn more about bicycle safety, register them for the Barton County BeWell Bike Rodeo on Saturday, July 20th. Kids ages 5-12 years can bring their bikes to the Central Baptist Church in Great Bend to practice skills and learn how to become better bicyclists. The event is from 8-9 am. Please call 620-793-1910 to register!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Bicycling is a great activity for children. It increases coordination and improves physical health. It can also give children a sense of independence and provide the opportunity to socialize with others outdoors.With that being said, bicycling isn’t a risk-free activity. In fact, according to Stanford Medicine, about 254 thousand children suffer bicycle-related injuries each year. For this reason, it’s important to educate children about bike safety practices. You can do your part as a parent or guardian by keeping a watchful eye and offering instructions when needed. Here are a few bike safety guidelines:First and foremost, always wear a helmet! It’s a simple practice that can reduce the risk of injury including concussions. Make sure the helmet is damage-free and that it fits properly.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2024/7/1721054168150.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Wearing reflective gear or bright-colored clothing is smart for anyone riding a bicycle, including children. Bright colors help to increase visibility, especially in areas with high traffic.Make sure the bike is correctly sized. Riding on a bike that is too big or small can make pedaling and balance difficult. This can result in falls and injuries. As the child grows, be sure to raise the seat and make other adjustments as needed.It’s also important to maintain bikes by keeping tires inflated, oiling the chain regularly, tightening handlebars and seats as needed, and checking the brakes.These are just a few tips that can prevent injury and save lives! If you would like your child to learn more about bicycle safety, register them for the Barton County BeWell Bike Rodeo on Saturday, July 20th. Kids ages 5-12 years can bring their bikes to the Central Baptist Church in Great Bend to practice skills and learn how to become better bicyclists. The event is from 8-9 am. Please call 620-793-1910 to register!Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: Bicycle safety 101

"If there's one thing the history of evolution has taught us, it's that life will not be contained. Life, uh, finds a way." Dr. Ian Malcolm may have been talking about dinosaurs in the 1993 classic "Jurassic Park," but the same sentiment applies to weeds. Alicia Boor, agriculture and natural resources agent in the Cottonwood District for K-State Research and Extension, said that's why it is important to know which weeds need to be controlled.

"If you are spraying indiscriminately and things are able to recover from it, that can create a problem in the future because plants will become immune to what we have," she said. "If they're immune, they're going to take over and your only option will be hand-pulling at that point."

Many weeds visible in yards during the summer need to be sprayed in the fall for proper control. Spraying the wrong type of chemical on weeds or using the chemicals too late can lead to stronger strains of the plants.

"You want to spray weeds when they're small," Boor said. "If they get too big, then they can fight off some of our herbicides. If they are able to fight it off and reproduce, that's when you get herbicide-resistant weeds."

Boor said the homeowner's best bet is to properly identify a weed before taking action. Those unable to identify a plant can take a clear photo and email it to Boor, or pull a plant and drop it by the Extension office at 3007 10th Street in Great Bend. Boor can be reached by calling (620) 793-1910, or by emailing aboor@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2024/7/1720020244353.jpg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By MIKE COURSON Great Bend Post"If there's one thing the history of evolution has taught us, it's that life will not be contained. Life, uh, finds a way." Dr. Ian Malcolm may have been talking about dinosaurs in the 1993 classic "Jurassic Park," but the same sentiment applies to weeds. Alicia Boor, agriculture and natural resources agent in the Cottonwood District for K-State Research and Extension, said that's why it is important to know which weeds need to be controlled."If you are spraying indiscriminately and things are able to recover from it, that can create a problem in the future because plants will become immune to what we have," she said. "If they're immune, they're going to take over and your only option will be hand-pulling at that point."Many weeds visible in yards during the summer need to be sprayed in the fall for proper control. Spraying the wrong type of chemical on weeds or using the chemicals too late can lead to stronger strains of the plants."You want to spray weeds when they're small," Boor said. "If they get too big, then they can fight off some of our herbicides. If they are able to fight it off and reproduce, that's when you get herbicide-resistant weeds."Boor said the homeowner's best bet is to properly identify a weed before taking action. Those unable to identify a plant can take a clear photo and email it to Boor, or pull a plant and drop it by the Extension office at 3007 10th Street in Great Bend. Boor can be reached by calling (620) 793-1910, or by emailing aboor@ksu.edu.

BOOR: Know which weed you are spraying before applying chemicals

Ok, I know I have already had an article on chinch bugs, but I thought I would wrap it up with a quick overview and summary of some keys points to ponder for farmers when facing them again next year.

Chinch bugs in Kansas are a perennial pest of just about any type of grass. Since they are true bugs, chinch bugs may attack any grass where they insert their mouthparts into the plants and suck out the juice.

They have caused problems in turf farms, golf courses, and lawns. In crops, they mainly affect sorghum and sorghum/sudan hay fields, but are occasionally problematic in corn and wheat.

Primarily, it is because of timing. As wheat is quickly maturing, chinch bug nymphs, which have been feeding on the wheat until the plants started drying, move elsewhere, seeking a new food source. Often, this is seedling sorghum or sorghum/sudan planted adjacent to those wheat fields that are now maturing, but in which the chinch bugs were perfectly happy feeding. This is called the walking migration because these nymphs can't fly or jump. They walk out of the maturing wheat seeking succulent grass to feed on. However, these small nymphs can only live a few days without food and can only walk about 50 yards without finding a suitable food source, says Jeff Whitworkh K-State Extension Entomologists.

Furthermore, it needs to be noted that the first generation of chinch bug nymphs migrating out of the wheat will not migrate through the entire sorghum field, and thus that is why you get the edge effect, of anywhere between 6 to 16 rows, give or take, of plants being affected.

There are two generations of chinch bugs in Kansas each growing season. But the first generation that is coming out of mature wheat fields and feeding on young seedling sorghum or sorghum/sudan plants is the main concern. Generally, by the time the second generation of chinch bugs nymphs are hatching and feeding, the sorghum and sorghum/sudan plants are big enough to withstand the feeding and will continue to grow well.

Insecticide-treated seed also helps as the nymphs seem susceptible. However, the bugs need to feed on the plant juice to get the toxin, and if there are too many bugs inserting their mouthparts and sucking out the fluid, especially on seedling plants or plants under less than ideal growing conditions, this may kill the bug, but also kill the small plant.

Last year, in 2023, much of Kansas experienced large populations of chinch bugs, so there were potentially large numbers going into the fall/winter. And this year, sure enough the number of chinch bugs was probably in all estimations the largest we have seen to date.

Also, because they float, says Withworth, chinch bugs do not generally drown in heavy rain. So, water running off infested wheat fields moves chinch bugs, often accumulating wherever runoff water pools. Good growing conditions really help plants withstand chinch bug feeding though. So once sorghum plants get bigger they can withstand the feeding of the chinch bugs without killing the plants.

The first generation of nymphs produced now has most likely became adults. Then they mate and start the process all over again for another generation, (two generations in KS each year) which will then move to fall-planted wheat, then on to overwintering sites. They overwinter in bunch grasses then move to wheat in the spring to deposit eggs and start all over again.

For more information, please refer to the following KSRE publications. Sorghum Insect Pest Management 2024 MF742, and Chinch Bugs MF3107, or give me a call in the Cottonwood Extension District Office in Hays at 785-628-9430.

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 </figure>Ok, I know I have already had an article on chinch bugs, but I thought I would wrap it up with a quick overview and summary of some keys points to ponder for farmers when facing them again next year.Chinch bugs in Kansas are a perennial pest of just about any type of grass. Since they are true bugs, chinch bugs may attack any grass where they insert their mouthparts into the plants and suck out the juice.They have caused problems in turf farms, golf courses, and lawns. In crops, they mainly affect sorghum and sorghum/sudan hay fields, but are occasionally problematic in corn and wheat.Primarily, it is because of timing. As wheat is quickly maturing, chinch bug nymphs, which have been feeding on the wheat until the plants started drying, move elsewhere, seeking a new food source. Often, this is seedling sorghum or sorghum/sudan planted adjacent to those wheat fields that are now maturing, but in which the chinch bugs were perfectly happy feeding. This is called the walking migration because these nymphs can't fly or jump. They walk out of the maturing wheat seeking succulent grass to feed on. However, these small nymphs can only live a few days without food and can only walk about 50 yards without finding a suitable food source, says Jeff Whitworkh K-State Extension Entomologists.Furthermore, it needs to be noted that the first generation of chinch bug nymphs migrating out of the wheat will not migrate through the entire sorghum field, and thus that is why you get the edge effect, of anywhere between 6 to 16 rows, give or take, of plants being affected.There are two generations of chinch bugs in Kansas each growing season. But the first generation that is coming out of mature wheat fields and feeding on young seedling sorghum or sorghum/sudan plants is the main concern. Generally, by the time the second generation of chinch bugs nymphs are hatching and feeding, the sorghum and sorghum/sudan plants are big enough to withstand the feeding and will continue to grow well.Insecticide-treated seed also helps as the nymphs seem susceptible. However, the bugs need to feed on the plant juice to get the toxin, and if there are too many bugs inserting their mouthparts and sucking out the fluid, especially on seedling plants or plants under less than ideal growing conditions, this may kill the bug, but also kill the small plant.Last year, in 2023, much of Kansas experienced large populations of chinch bugs, so there were potentially large numbers going into the fall/winter. And this year, sure enough the number of chinch bugs was probably in all estimations the largest we have seen to date.Also, because they float, says Withworth, chinch bugs do not generally drown in heavy rain. So, water running off infested wheat fields moves chinch bugs, often accumulating wherever runoff water pools. Good growing conditions really help plants withstand chinch bug feeding though. So once sorghum plants get bigger they can withstand the feeding of the chinch bugs without killing the plants.The first generation of nymphs produced now has most likely became adults. Then they mate and start the process all over again for another generation, (two generations in KS each year) which will then move to fall-planted wheat, then on to overwintering sites. They overwinter in bunch grasses then move to wheat in the spring to deposit eggs and start all over again.For more information, please refer to the following KSRE publications. Sorghum Insect Pest Management 2024 MF742, and Chinch Bugs MF3107, or give me a call in the Cottonwood Extension District Office in Hays at 785-628-9430.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.