Fall is a wonderful season for agriculture and a time to, hopefully, reap the bounty of the year’s production.&nbsp; If you have access to crop residue fields following harvest, then preparing to turn cattle out to graze such acres is one task that deserves to be near the top of the priority list.&nbsp; Grain sorghum represents an excellent opportunity to extend the grazing season.&nbsp; However, with our warm fall, light frosts, and no hard freeze yet, there are several important management considerations that need to be kept in mind with grazing sorghum residue.

Nitrate and prussic acid toxicity are both conditions that increase in prevalence due to plant stress and cause asphyxiation in the animal, yet are distinctly independent from each other.&nbsp; Nitrates accumulate in the base of the stalk or stem, and while issues associated with nitrate toxicity are generally less common in grazing situations as compared to when cattle are fed a diet, for this reason it is critical to manage stocking rate so that cattle are not forced to consume the lower one-third of the stalk or stem.&nbsp; Prussic acid can occur in plant species within the broader sorghum family, and primarily accumulates in young, rapidly growing plant tissue.&nbsp; Therefore, avoiding grazing sorghum residue around a frost event and for the first 7 days following a killing freeze is a sound practice. Just as with harvested forages, representative samples of standing forage can be collected for analysis of nitrate and prussic acid to determine risk levels and guide management decisions.

High amounts of grain on the surface of the field pose a risk of acidosis, particularly for animals with experience grazing residue fields. Cattle selectively graze and will seek out and consume any grain present first.&nbsp; The degree to which grain in the field poses a risk is dependent on many factors, but levels greater than 10 to 15 bushels per acre generally require additional caution.&nbsp; Avoiding turning hungry animals directly on to fields by filling them up on forage, strip grazing to reduce the amount grain available per animal, supplementing low amounts of grain initially before turning them out, and feeding sodium bicarbonate as a rumen buffer are all strategies that may be used to decrease risk of acidosis.

Understandably, the absence of fences and water sources is one of the biggest limitations for residue grazing.&nbsp; Many acres are grown in rain-fed systems in which sourcing water from an irrigation well is not possible.&nbsp; Likewise, hauling water long distances is usually not practical.&nbsp; However, if water can be supplied and temporary fences put up, then grazing sorghum residues is usually economical.&nbsp; A single strand of electric fence can work quite well for keeping cows contained, while 2 or more strands may be needed for small calves.

Unlike actively growing forages, both the quantity and quality of residue available for grazing will be highest immediately following harvest and will steadily decline over time due to weathering, trampling, and consumption by cattle. Regarding forage quantity, field data indicate about 2.5 to 3.0 tons of residue per acre on average is produced following harvest.&nbsp; If accounting for 50% of the total residue on the field as available for grazing and of that amount 50% was utilized, then one acre would supply enough forage for one gestating cow for approximately 50 to 60 days.&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

K-State Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Fall is a wonderful season for agriculture and a time to, hopefully, reap the bounty of the year’s production.&nbsp; If you have access to crop residue fields following harvest, then preparing to turn cattle out to graze such acres is one task that deserves to be near the top of the priority list.&nbsp; Grain sorghum represents an excellent opportunity to extend the grazing season.&nbsp; However, with our warm fall, light frosts, and no hard freeze yet, there are several important management considerations that need to be kept in mind with grazing sorghum residue.Nitrate and prussic acid toxicity are both conditions that increase in prevalence due to plant stress and cause asphyxiation in the animal, yet are distinctly independent from each other.&nbsp; Nitrates accumulate in the base of the stalk or stem, and while issues associated with nitrate toxicity are generally less common in grazing situations as compared to when cattle are fed a diet, for this reason it is critical to manage stocking rate so that cattle are not forced to consume the lower one-third of the stalk or stem.&nbsp; Prussic acid can occur in plant species within the broader sorghum family, and primarily accumulates in young, rapidly growing plant tissue.&nbsp; Therefore, avoiding grazing sorghum residue around a frost event and for the first 7 days following a killing freeze is a sound practice. Just as with harvested forages, representative samples of standing forage can be collected for analysis of nitrate and prussic acid to determine risk levels and guide management decisions.High amounts of grain on the surface of the field pose a risk of acidosis, particularly for animals with experience grazing residue fields. Cattle selectively graze and will seek out and consume any grain present first.&nbsp; The degree to which grain in the field poses a risk is dependent on many factors, but levels greater than 10 to 15 bushels per acre generally require additional caution.&nbsp; Avoiding turning hungry animals directly on to fields by filling them up on forage, strip grazing to reduce the amount grain available per animal, supplementing low amounts of grain initially before turning them out, and feeding sodium bicarbonate as a rumen buffer are all strategies that may be used to decrease risk of acidosis.Understandably, the absence of fences and water sources is one of the biggest limitations for residue grazing.&nbsp; Many acres are grown in rain-fed systems in which sourcing water from an irrigation well is not possible.&nbsp; Likewise, hauling water long distances is usually not practical.&nbsp; However, if water can be supplied and temporary fences put up, then grazing sorghum residues is usually economical.&nbsp; A single strand of electric fence can work quite well for keeping cows contained, while 2 or more strands may be needed for small calves.Unlike actively growing forages, both the quantity and quality of residue available for grazing will be highest immediately following harvest and will steadily decline over time due to weathering, trampling, and consumption by cattle. Regarding forage quantity, field data indicate about 2.5 to 3.0 tons of residue per acre on average is produced following harvest.&nbsp; If accounting for 50% of the total residue on the field as available for grazing and of that amount 50% was utilized, then one acre would supply enough forage for one gestating cow for approximately 50 to 60 days.&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Grain sorghum represents an excellent opportunity to extend grazing season

By MIKE COURSON Great Bend Post

With the Trail of Lights, cold weather approaching, and
normal street work, city of Great Bend employees are usually plenty busy in November. This
fall, area city staffs have another battle on their hands: the one against
mosquitoes. The city of Great Bend continued to combat the pests with nighttime
spraying. Public Works Director David Dunekack explained how it works.

“There are two different products,” he said. “One actually
kills the mosquito, and the other one is a sterilant. We split the city –
Washington is the split of it east and west. One week, somebody sprays sterilant
on the east side of the town and the west side of town gets killing. The next
time we go out, we swap. It hits them with both things and keeps them from getting
immune or used to it.”

The city’s efforts have proven effective, but there are many
things homeowners can do to reduce mosquito populations, namely eliminating
standing water in items like old tires, bird baths, and gutters. Local
pesticide application can also be beneficial. &nbsp;

“Citizens can help out a little bit with that too, keeping
things cleaned up,” Dunekack said. “I use Cutter that you can pick up at Walmart.
You screw it onto your garden hose, spray it out there, after an hour, your pets
can go on it and everything. That’s something that helps out.”

The increased mosquito populations this year are a result of
late precipitation and cooler weather. Alicia Boor, agriculture and natural resources
agent in the Cottonwood District of K-State Extension, said the development from
egg to adult typically takes 7-14 days. The cooler temperatures have allowed
the adults to live longer, causing multiple generations of the insects to
remain present at the same time.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/7/1657911397523.jpeg" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>By MIKE COURSON Great Bend PostWith the Trail of Lights, cold weather approaching, and
normal street work, city of Great Bend employees are usually plenty busy in November. This
fall, area city staffs have another battle on their hands: the one against
mosquitoes. The city of Great Bend continued to combat the pests with nighttime
spraying. Public Works Director David Dunekack explained how it works.“There are two different products,” he said. “One actually
kills the mosquito, and the other one is a sterilant. We split the city –
Washington is the split of it east and west. One week, somebody sprays sterilant
on the east side of the town and the west side of town gets killing. The next
time we go out, we swap. It hits them with both things and keeps them from getting
immune or used to it.”The city’s efforts have proven effective, but there are many
things homeowners can do to reduce mosquito populations, namely eliminating
standing water in items like old tires, bird baths, and gutters. Local
pesticide application can also be beneficial. &nbsp;“Citizens can help out a little bit with that too, keeping
things cleaned up,” Dunekack said. “I use Cutter that you can pick up at Walmart.
You screw it onto your garden hose, spray it out there, after an hour, your pets
can go on it and everything. That’s something that helps out.”The increased mosquito populations this year are a result of
late precipitation and cooler weather. Alicia Boor, agriculture and natural resources
agent in the Cottonwood District of K-State Extension, said the development from
egg to adult typically takes 7-14 days. The cooler temperatures have allowed
the adults to live longer, causing multiple generations of the insects to
remain present at the same time.

Cities continue to combat mosquitos as Thanksgiving, Christmas approach

Every year, questions arise about soil compaction. Now is a good time to get out and investigate soil profiles for signs of compaction. There is much you can learn by pushing a tile or soil probe into the ground. First, if you have never done so, you can learn something about the soil profile. How many inches of topsoil do you have? At what depth do you encounter changes in soil textures? Topsoil thickness and soil texture are two properties you can’t really control, at least not in the short term. One thing you can certainly look for and work on improving, however, is the presence of any layers of compaction.

Using a spade, soil probe, or tile probe is a good way to learn something about your soil profile and whether there may be a compaction layer. One approach is to dig a small hole about a foot deep as if you were digging a post hole. You can take a knife and poke into the side of the hole, feeling for layers that seem denser or that visually appear platy or compressed. Use a tape measure to determine the depth at which the dense layers occur. Then walk to a nearby fence row or waterway and do the same thing. Does this soil look and feel different? How does this compare to the end rows?

Once you determine the depth at which the compaction occurs, you can work on solutions for improving (decreasing) the density of the compacted layer or the soil in general. If compaction seems limited to the upper 3 inches of the soil profile, then the most likely culprit is traffic. Limiting traffic as much as possible when the soil is wet is a good practice for reducing soil compaction. Running properly inflated tires, using flotation tires, and having more tires in general help to decrease surface compaction.

A tougher problem to solve is subsurface compaction. If you can feel a layer that is compacted at depths greater than 6 inches, you may be dealing with subsurface compaction. Subsurface compaction should not be confused with a change in the soil texture. It is common to observe changes in the soil texture as you go deeper in the soil profile. Many soils have an increase in clay content in the upper part of the subsoil, which is natural and took a very long time to form. Some soils, such as those in floodplains, might have sandy layers present beneath the surface. This is the reason why the spade/post hole method is really the best, because it allows a person to discover so much more about the soil profile than using a tile probe alone.

Stay tuned for an upcoming article discussing the use of deep tillage to alleviate soil compaction.

Information provided by DeAnn Presley, K-State Extension Soil Management Specialist.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Every year, questions arise about soil compaction. Now is a good time to get out and investigate soil profiles for signs of compaction. There is much you can learn by pushing a tile or soil probe into the ground. First, if you have never done so, you can learn something about the soil profile. How many inches of topsoil do you have? At what depth do you encounter changes in soil textures? Topsoil thickness and soil texture are two properties you can’t really control, at least not in the short term. One thing you can certainly look for and work on improving, however, is the presence of any layers of compaction.Using a spade, soil probe, or tile probe is a good way to learn something about your soil profile and whether there may be a compaction layer. One approach is to dig a small hole about a foot deep as if you were digging a post hole. You can take a knife and poke into the side of the hole, feeling for layers that seem denser or that visually appear platy or compressed. Use a tape measure to determine the depth at which the dense layers occur. Then walk to a nearby fence row or waterway and do the same thing. Does this soil look and feel different? How does this compare to the end rows?<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2026/11/1794247534357.png" alt="determin soil compaction.2026.png" />
 <figcaption>determin soil compaction.2026.png</figcaption>
 </figure>Once you determine the depth at which the compaction occurs, you can work on solutions for improving (decreasing) the density of the compacted layer or the soil in general. If compaction seems limited to the upper 3 inches of the soil profile, then the most likely culprit is traffic. Limiting traffic as much as possible when the soil is wet is a good practice for reducing soil compaction. Running properly inflated tires, using flotation tires, and having more tires in general help to decrease surface compaction.A tougher problem to solve is subsurface compaction. If you can feel a layer that is compacted at depths greater than 6 inches, you may be dealing with subsurface compaction. Subsurface compaction should not be confused with a change in the soil texture. It is common to observe changes in the soil texture as you go deeper in the soil profile. Many soils have an increase in clay content in the upper part of the subsoil, which is natural and took a very long time to form. Some soils, such as those in floodplains, might have sandy layers present beneath the surface. This is the reason why the spade/post hole method is really the best, because it allows a person to discover so much more about the soil profile than using a tile probe alone.Stay tuned for an upcoming article discussing the use of deep tillage to alleviate soil compaction.Information provided by DeAnn Presley, K-State Extension Soil Management Specialist.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Learn how to examine soil for signs of compaction

This fall, I have been getting a lot of questions about mosquitos and why they are so prevalent this late in the year. There are a few reasons for this. The cooler temperatures we have experienced allows the adults to live a little longer, causing multiple generations of the insect to be present. Their development is also dependent on the temperature with the cycle taking 7-14 days from egg to adult. This makes our recent temperatures good for quick development of adults. The ideal weather conditions along with the abundance of stagnant water from recent rains have created the perfect storm for the pests.

The way to approach mosquito management is source reduction, that is, remove all stagnant water from bird baths, old tires, wheelbarrows, or anything that holds water for an extended period of time..

Other ways to get rid of mosquito breeding grounds, according to the K-State Research and Extension publication, Pests That Affect Human Health: Mosquitoes and West Nile Virus:

· Eliminate artificial water-holding containers. If that is not possible, empty buckets, cans, bottles, used tires and other containers at least once a week. 

· Fill or drain tree holes, stumps and puddles. 

· Irrigate gardens and lawns carefully to prevent water standing for more than a few days. 

· Check for water trapped in plastic covers on boats and swimming pools. 

· Make sure rain gutters are clean and do not hold water. 

People can also use a wide variety of repellents to lessen the presence of female mosquitoes during the times they’re most active, according to Raymond Cloyd KSE Entomologist. 

Mosquito management can also occur during the early phases of the insect’s life cycle using a larvicide in the form of mosquito dunks or bits.

“You can put mosquito dunks and bits in water to kill mosquitos in the larval stage,” Cloyd said. They're completely harmless to pets and fish; all they kill is mosquito larva. So if you have a pond that's not agitated or a bird bath you don't want to change, you can throw in these mosquito dunks or bits. They'll eat it then they’ll die.”

He added: “Dunks and bits are stomach poisons that contain the active ingredient, Bacillus thuringienesis (subspecies kurstaki, or Btk). Btk is a soil-borne bacterium that only kills mosquito larvae. It will manage mosquito larval populations for one to four weeks after application.”

K-State Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>This fall, I have been getting a lot of questions about mosquitos and why they are so prevalent this late in the year. There are a few reasons for this. The cooler temperatures we have experienced allows the adults to live a little longer, causing multiple generations of the insect to be present. Their development is also dependent on the temperature with the cycle taking 7-14 days from egg to adult. This makes our recent temperatures good for quick development of adults. The ideal weather conditions along with the abundance of stagnant water from recent rains have created the perfect storm for the pests.The way to approach mosquito management is source reduction, that is, remove all stagnant water from bird baths, old tires, wheelbarrows, or anything that holds water for an extended period of time..Other ways to get rid of mosquito breeding grounds, according to the K-State Research and Extension publication, Pests That Affect Human Health: Mosquitoes and West Nile Virus:· Eliminate artificial water-holding containers. If that is not possible, empty buckets, cans, bottles, used tires and other containers at least once a week. · Fill or drain tree holes, stumps and puddles. · Irrigate gardens and lawns carefully to prevent water standing for more than a few days. · Check for water trapped in plastic covers on boats and swimming pools. · Make sure rain gutters are clean and do not hold water. People can also use a wide variety of repellents to lessen the presence of female mosquitoes during the times they’re most active, according to Raymond Cloyd KSE Entomologist. Mosquito management can also occur during the early phases of the insect’s life cycle using a larvicide in the form of mosquito dunks or bits.“You can put mosquito dunks and bits in water to kill mosquitos in the larval stage,” Cloyd said. They're completely harmless to pets and fish; all they kill is mosquito larva. So if you have a pond that's not agitated or a bird bath you don't want to change, you can throw in these mosquito dunks or bits. They'll eat it then they’ll die.”He added: “Dunks and bits are stomach poisons that contain the active ingredient, Bacillus thuringienesis (subspecies kurstaki, or Btk). Btk is a soil-borne bacterium that only kills mosquito larvae. It will manage mosquito larval populations for one to four weeks after application.”Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Managing mosquitos after uptick in populations this fall

Back in 1994, the National Center for Families Learning (NCFL) worked with Congress to designate Nov. 1 as National Family Literacy Day®. Each year for the past 32 years, we have joined libraries, schools, and educational programs across the country to celebrate National Family Literacy Month throughout each November.

Encouraging families to read and giving them the resources to read to their children every day is so important for a young child’s development and success in school. Reading to my children was one of my favorite things to do with them when they were young and even as they got older. I have fond memories of attending library story time as well as snuggling on the couch to read a good book. This is one of those times that parents can use to touch base with their child and maybe help them wind down for nap or bedtime. It doesn’t matter what time of day it is, finding a time to read in your routine is what is important.

Not only is reading an important skill for school but it also helps children with other developmental skills as well. Exposing children to books from birth or even prenatally is a great way to aid their development. Books not only aid literacy skills but they also help little fingers develop. As they learn to turn pages of a book, they strengthen their fingers and fine motor skills. Fine motor skills are important to develop now so when they get to school they can hold pencils, crayons, and scissors.

Often times parents think they have to read a book from beginning to end, not skipping any pages. However, research from the Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch Up (ABC) program at the University of Delaware, actually promotes following your child’s lead with reading and play. If a child is looking at or chewing on a book on their own that’s okay! Talk to them about what they are doing. If they bring you a book, allow them to turn the pages and talk to them about what is on the page. This can put the child in charge and allow them time to explore on their own terms which aids their social emotional development by making them feel important and that they can have an effect on their world.

While libraries are great and offer many programs to get children involved with books and reading, sometimes it’s nice to start building a library at home as well. Dolly Parton’s Imagination Library has been integral in getting books into the hands of children and their parents. Once you sign up, books are mailed to the child every month from birth to age five.

They are sent directly to the child so it’s exciting for them to get mail and the books are age appropriate also. The program is available both in Ellis and Barton County. Contact information is below.

United Way of Central Kansas 1409 WILLIAMS ST GREAT BEND KS 67530 Contact: Ken Marston Phone: 620-792-2409 Email: kmarston@greatbendpl.info

Ellis County Imagination Library 2501 E 13TH ST HAYS KS 67601 Contact: Brenda Urban Phone: 785-623-2430 Email: burban@usd489.com

And if you are looking for other literacy activities check out our 2026 Annual Lesson, Early Literacy: Building the Foundation of Life Long Learning. And if screentime is getting in the way, our 2027 Annual Lesson can help with setting some boundaries, Healthy Connections: The Developing Brain Meets the Digital World.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu

K-State Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Back in 1994, the National Center for Families Learning (NCFL) worked with Congress to designate Nov. 1 as National Family Literacy Day®. Each year for the past 32 years, we have joined libraries, schools, and educational programs across the country to celebrate National Family Literacy Month throughout each November.Encouraging families to read and giving them the resources to read to their children every day is so important for a young child’s development and success in school. Reading to my children was one of my favorite things to do with them when they were young and even as they got older. I have fond memories of attending library story time as well as snuggling on the couch to read a good book. This is one of those times that parents can use to touch base with their child and maybe help them wind down for nap or bedtime. It doesn’t matter what time of day it is, finding a time to read in your routine is what is important.Not only is reading an important skill for school but it also helps children with other developmental skills as well. Exposing children to books from birth or even prenatally is a great way to aid their development. Books not only aid literacy skills but they also help little fingers develop. As they learn to turn pages of a book, they strengthen their fingers and fine motor skills. Fine motor skills are important to develop now so when they get to school they can hold pencils, crayons, and scissors.Often times parents think they have to read a book from beginning to end, not skipping any pages. However, research from the Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch Up (ABC) program at the University of Delaware, actually promotes following your child’s lead with reading and play. If a child is looking at or chewing on a book on their own that’s okay! Talk to them about what they are doing. If they bring you a book, allow them to turn the pages and talk to them about what is on the page. This can put the child in charge and allow them time to explore on their own terms which aids their social emotional development by making them feel important and that they can have an effect on their world.While libraries are great and offer many programs to get children involved with books and reading, sometimes it’s nice to start building a library at home as well. Dolly Parton’s Imagination Library has been integral in getting books into the hands of children and their parents. Once you sign up, books are mailed to the child every month from birth to age five.They are sent directly to the child so it’s exciting for them to get mail and the books are age appropriate also. The program is available both in Ellis and Barton County. Contact information is below.United Way of Central Kansas 1409 WILLIAMS ST GREAT BEND KS 67530 Contact: Ken Marston Phone: 620-792-2409 Email: kmarston@greatbendpl.infoEllis County Imagination Library 2501 E 13TH ST HAYS KS 67601 Contact: Brenda Urban Phone: 785-623-2430 Email: burban@usd489.comAnd if you are looking for other literacy activities check out our 2026 Annual Lesson, Early Literacy: Building the Foundation of Life Long Learning. And if screentime is getting in the way, our 2027 Annual Lesson can help with setting some boundaries, Healthy Connections: The Developing Brain Meets the Digital World.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.eduK-State Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: November is National Family Literacy Month

Nominate a deserving Kansas producer or landowner for the 2026 Kansas Bankers Association Conservation Awards Program. This year, the Kansas Bankers Association, K-State Research and Extension, and the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks have announced six award categories:

This program aims to stimulate a greater interest in conserving Kansas's agricultural and natural resources by recognizing farmers and landowners who have made outstanding progress in practicing conservation on their farms. In 2024, 110 Kansas producers and landowners were recognized through this program.

Submit your nomination to the Cottonwood Extension office in Great Bend for Barton County residents by Nov. 9. A committee of conservation professionals will submit the names of the selected recipients to the K-State Agronomy Extension office (or KDWPT for Wildlife Award) by Dec. 5. For more information, see: https://www.agronomy.k-state.edu/extension/kansas-bankers-award/

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Nominate a deserving Kansas producer or landowner for the 2026 Kansas Bankers Association Conservation Awards Program. This year, the Kansas Bankers Association, K-State Research and Extension, and the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks have announced six award categories:· Energy Conservation· Water Quality· Water Conservation· Soil Conservation· Windbreaks· Wildlife HabitatThis program aims to stimulate a greater interest in conserving Kansas's agricultural and natural resources by recognizing farmers and landowners who have made outstanding progress in practicing conservation on their farms. In 2024, 110 Kansas producers and landowners were recognized through this program.Submit your nomination to the Cottonwood Extension office in Great Bend for Barton County residents by Nov. 9. A committee of conservation professionals will submit the names of the selected recipients to the K-State Agronomy Extension office (or KDWPT for Wildlife Award) by Dec. 5. For more information, see: https://www.agronomy.k-state.edu/extension/kansas-bankers-award/Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Nominations open for 2026 Conservation Awards Program

Armyworms and fall armyworms have been active this year, as usual, but not nearly as active or impactful as in the past couple of years. Both species willingly feed on just about any green plant, but armyworms prefer grasses, such as corn, sorghum, wheat, brome, and turf. However, when grass is unavailable, they are more than willing to consume broadleaf plants such as soybeans.

By now armyworm larvae have matured, and have pupated, after which they mature into moths. Reminder - fall armyworms don’t overwinter in Kansas. The moth’s mate for a few days, then begin depositing eggs on or near green vegetation, and these eggs can hatch into new fall armyworm caterpillars. This time of year, in Kansas, alfalfa and wheat are the only two crops fitting that description, of having green vegetation. Thus, monitoring wheat fields for small larvae should start after germination. Armyworm feeding may continue until the first hard freeze, i.e., temperatures into the mid-20˚F for a couple of hours. Some years, armyworms have been active until mid to late November, depending on the weather.

Insecticide seed treatments do not control armyworms well enough to be recommended. Please refer to the 2026 K-State Wheat Insect Pest Management publication for wheat pest questions and recommendations.

Information provided by Jeff Whitworth, K-State Extension Entomologist Specialist.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Armyworms and fall armyworms have been active this year, as usual, but not nearly as active or impactful as in the past couple of years. Both species willingly feed on just about any green plant, but armyworms prefer grasses, such as corn, sorghum, wheat, brome, and turf. However, when grass is unavailable, they are more than willing to consume broadleaf plants such as soybeans.By now armyworm larvae have matured, and have pupated, after which they mature into moths. Reminder - fall armyworms don’t overwinter in Kansas. The moth’s mate for a few days, then begin depositing eggs on or near green vegetation, and these eggs can hatch into new fall armyworm caterpillars. This time of year, in Kansas, alfalfa and wheat are the only two crops fitting that description, of having green vegetation. Thus, monitoring wheat fields for small larvae should start after germination. Armyworm feeding may continue until the first hard freeze, i.e., temperatures into the mid-20˚F for a couple of hours. Some years, armyworms have been active until mid to late November, depending on the weather.Insecticide seed treatments do not control armyworms well enough to be recommended. Please refer to the 2026 K-State Wheat Insect Pest Management publication for wheat pest questions and recommendations.Information provided by Jeff Whitworth, K-State Extension Entomologist Specialist.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Insect update - armyworms are still active in Kansas

The Barton County Cottonwood Extension
District invites you to its Annual Hunter’s Breakfast, from 6 until 9 a.m.,
Saturday, November 14th at the old 4-H grounds, 601 North U.S.
Highway 281, between Great Bend and Hoisington.&nbsp;
Enjoy&nbsp; all-you-can-eat pancakes,
eggs, bacon, hash browns, sausage, biscuits and gravy and coffee.&nbsp; Multiple prize drawings will be held
afterwards. The public is welcome to attend.

The Barton County Cottonwood Extension
District invites you to its Annual Hunter’s Breakfast, from 6 until 9 a.m.,
Saturday, November 14th at the old 4-H grounds, 601 North U.S.
Highway 281, between Great Bend and Hoisington.&nbsp;
Enjoy&nbsp; all-you-can-eat pancakes,
eggs, bacon, hash browns, sausage, biscuits and gravy and coffee.&nbsp; Multiple prize drawings will be held
afterwards. The public is welcome to attend.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2026/10/1792761288793.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>

Annual Hunter’s Breakfast   November 14th

What’s not to like about walking? It’s free, easy to do, and accessible to most people. Walking is a simple way to improve your health without putting excessive stress on your joints. In addition to providing aerobic exercise, walking offers many physical and mental health benefits.

1. Improve Circulation: Walking strengthens the heart, increases circulation, and can help lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke.

2. Strengthen Bones: Weigh-bearing exercise like walking helps maintain bone strength and may reduce the risk of osteoporosis and fractures.

3. Enjoy a Longer Healthy Lifespan: Regular physical activity is associated with a lower risk of premature death and better overall health as we age.

4. Boost Your Mood: Walking can stimulate the release of endorphins, which help improve mood and reduce stress. Even a short walk can help you feel better.

5. Manage Weight: Walking burns calories and when combined with healthy eating, can help with weight management.

6. Strengthen Muscles: Walking works the muscles in your legs and core. Swinging your arms also engages your upper body.

7. Sleep Better: Regular walking may improve sleep quality and help you fall asleep more easily.

8. Support Joint Health: Movement helps circulate joint fluid, delivering nutrients to cartilage and helping keep joints flexible.

9. Improve Breathing and Energy: Walking increases your breathing rate and helps your body use oxygen more efficiently, supporting endurance and stamina.

10. Support Brain Health: Research suggests that regular walking may help preserve memory and slow age-related cognitive decline.

11. Maintain Independence: Walking and other forms of exercise help preserve strength, balance, and mobility, making everyday activities easier as we grow older.

12. Increase Energy: Walking can give you more energy! Sometimes we think we’re too tired to take a walk, but our bodies often reward us with renewed energy when we get up and move. In our exercise classes, we frequently talk about how much better we feel after moving our bodies.

You don’t have to walk fast or cover a long distance to benefit. Start where you are and gradually build up as you feel comfortable. Every step counts!

I hope this encourages you to get up and move your body today. Give it a try—you might be surprised by how much better you feel!

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>What’s not to like about walking? It’s free, easy to do, and accessible to most people. Walking is a simple way to improve your health without putting excessive stress on your joints. In addition to providing aerobic exercise, walking offers many physical and mental health benefits.1. Improve Circulation: Walking strengthens the heart, increases circulation, and can help lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke.2. Strengthen Bones: Weigh-bearing exercise like walking helps maintain bone strength and may reduce the risk of osteoporosis and fractures.3. Enjoy a Longer Healthy Lifespan: Regular physical activity is associated with a lower risk of premature death and better overall health as we age.4. Boost Your Mood: Walking can stimulate the release of endorphins, which help improve mood and reduce stress. Even a short walk can help you feel better.5. Manage Weight: Walking burns calories and when combined with healthy eating, can help with weight management.6. Strengthen Muscles: Walking works the muscles in your legs and core. Swinging your arms also engages your upper body.7. Sleep Better: Regular walking may improve sleep quality and help you fall asleep more easily.8. Support Joint Health: Movement helps circulate joint fluid, delivering nutrients to cartilage and helping keep joints flexible.9. Improve Breathing and Energy: Walking increases your breathing rate and helps your body use oxygen more efficiently, supporting endurance and stamina.10. Support Brain Health: Research suggests that regular walking may help preserve memory and slow age-related cognitive decline.11. Maintain Independence: Walking and other forms of exercise help preserve strength, balance, and mobility, making everyday activities easier as we grow older.12. Increase Energy: Walking can give you more energy! Sometimes we think we’re too tired to take a walk, but our bodies often reward us with renewed energy when we get up and move. In our exercise classes, we frequently talk about how much better we feel after moving our bodies.You don’t have to walk fast or cover a long distance to benefit. Start where you are and gradually build up as you feel comfortable. Every step counts!I hope this encourages you to get up and move your body today. Give it a try—you might be surprised by how much better you feel!Source: Arthritis FoundationMonique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.eduK-State Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: Some of the many benefits of walking

Smooth brome requires annual fertilization for optimum production. Fall is an ideal time to plan for fertilizing cool-season improved pasture perennial grasses, such as smooth brome. Particular attention must be paid to nitrogen, phosphorus, and pH. Information on fall soil testing of hayfields and pastures is discussed this week in a separate article by Alicia Boor, Agriculture Agent in the Cottonwood District, Great Bend office.

In this article I will address fertilization of smooth brome grass pasture and hayfields. Balanced fertility is essential. For example, adding nitrogen will not produce optimum yields if phosphorus is low. Soils low in phosphorus can limit plant and root growth. Fertilizer should be applied by broadcasting in the fall or before spring growth begins. This article discusses how nitrogen source, and application timing can affect forage quality and yield.

Nitrogen Source - nitrogen management is critical for optimum smooth brome production. Several nitrogen sources are available: liquid nitrogen solutions, urea, ammonium nitrate, and anhydrous ammonia. Anhydrous ammonia is not extensively used on permanent pastures because application is difficult. Nitrogen source research generally has shown little difference among sources under most conditions. When urea fertilizers, including liquid nitrogen, are applied to moist soils covered with grass residue, an enzyme called urease can break down the urea into ammonia gas, which is lost to the atmosphere (ammonia volatilization). This can occur fairly rapidly in the spring when moist conditions are followed by warm temperatures, and rapid drying occurs without rain to move the urea into the soil. If urea is applied from November through February (during cooler temperatures), volatilization losses should be minimal.

Application Timing -if brome is fall-grazed, the yearly nitrogen application should be split. If adequate soil moisture is available for good growth in late August and early September, apply all phosphorus indicated by a soil test plus 20-30 pounds of nitrogen per acre. When applying any fertilizer, grazing can resume following the fertilizer prills/ pellets have dissolved to reduce livestock concerns. Before the soil freezes in November or December, apply the remaining nitrogen recommended for haying or grazing. Split or late fall applications generally initiate earlier green-up in the spring. To minimize loss, do not apply fertilizer to frozen soil.

Spring applications should be made as soon as the soil thaws and are acceptable for spring-only grazing or haying. An application needs to be applied in the fall or early spring to allow sufficient time for fertilizer incorporation to benefit forage production.

Fertilizer Rates (N, and P) - fertilizer rate recommendations ideally should be based on soil test values and yield goals for established stands of smooth bromegrass. When bromegrass is to be utilized for hay production, excessive N may cause lodging and reduce the amount of harvestable hay.

The Cottonwood Extension District has soil sampling hand probes that can be checked out with no charge from our offices in Hays and Great Bend. Before coming to get one it is best to call and make sure we have one available.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Smooth brome requires annual fertilization for optimum production. Fall is an ideal time to plan for fertilizing cool-season improved pasture perennial grasses, such as smooth brome. Particular attention must be paid to nitrogen, phosphorus, and pH. Information on fall soil testing of hayfields and pastures is discussed this week in a separate article by Alicia Boor, Agriculture Agent in the Cottonwood District, Great Bend office.In this article I will address fertilization of smooth brome grass pasture and hayfields. Balanced fertility is essential. For example, adding nitrogen will not produce optimum yields if phosphorus is low. Soils low in phosphorus can limit plant and root growth. Fertilizer should be applied by broadcasting in the fall or before spring growth begins. This article discusses how nitrogen source, and application timing can affect forage quality and yield.Nitrogen Source - nitrogen management is critical for optimum smooth brome production. Several nitrogen sources are available: liquid nitrogen solutions, urea, ammonium nitrate, and anhydrous ammonia. Anhydrous ammonia is not extensively used on permanent pastures because application is difficult. Nitrogen source research generally has shown little difference among sources under most conditions. When urea fertilizers, including liquid nitrogen, are applied to moist soils covered with grass residue, an enzyme called urease can break down the urea into ammonia gas, which is lost to the atmosphere (ammonia volatilization). This can occur fairly rapidly in the spring when moist conditions are followed by warm temperatures, and rapid drying occurs without rain to move the urea into the soil. If urea is applied from November through February (during cooler temperatures), volatilization losses should be minimal.Application Timing -if brome is fall-grazed, the yearly nitrogen application should be split. If adequate soil moisture is available for good growth in late August and early September, apply all phosphorus indicated by a soil test plus 20-30 pounds of nitrogen per acre. When applying any fertilizer, grazing can resume following the fertilizer prills/ pellets have dissolved to reduce livestock concerns. Before the soil freezes in November or December, apply the remaining nitrogen recommended for haying or grazing. Split or late fall applications generally initiate earlier green-up in the spring. To minimize loss, do not apply fertilizer to frozen soil.Spring applications should be made as soon as the soil thaws and are acceptable for spring-only grazing or haying. An application needs to be applied in the fall or early spring to allow sufficient time for fertilizer incorporation to benefit forage production.Fertilizer Rates (N, and P) - fertilizer rate recommendations ideally should be based on soil test values and yield goals for established stands of smooth bromegrass. When bromegrass is to be utilized for hay production, excessive N may cause lodging and reduce the amount of harvestable hay.The Cottonwood Extension District has soil sampling hand probes that can be checked out with no charge from our offices in Hays and Great Bend. Before coming to get one it is best to call and make sure we have one available.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Fall fertilization of smooth brome

Soil testing is the foundation of a sound fertility program for pastures and hayfields. Soil testing can be done in either spring or fall on hayfields and pastures; however, fall is generally preferred for a couple of reasons. Sampling in the fall allows time for lime applications to react before the next growing season and gives producers more flexibility in planning fertilizer applications.

Soil sampling is typically recommended at least every 3-4 years. More frequent sampling (every two years) can prevent over-application of fertilizer or manure and increase yields by revealing exactly which soil nutrients are too low for optimum productivity. This is especially valuable when fertilizer prices are high.

Collecting a representative soil sample

Why soil pH matters Soil pH is one key soil property for forage production, especially with legumes. The optimal pH level is 6 to 7, depending on the forage species.

If liming a new pasture, it is important to apply the lime 6 to 12 months before planting. Finer lime materials with a high effective calcium carbonate (ECC) value will react more quickly. Fields being prepared for alfalfa should also be evaluated for phosphorus and potassium, with any corrections made before planting.&nbsp;&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Soil testing is the foundation of a sound fertility program for pastures and hayfields. Soil testing can be done in either spring or fall on hayfields and pastures; however, fall is generally preferred for a couple of reasons. Sampling in the fall allows time for lime applications to react before the next growing season and gives producers more flexibility in planning fertilizer applications.Soil sampling is typically recommended at least every 3-4 years. More frequent sampling (every two years) can prevent over-application of fertilizer or manure and increase yields by revealing exactly which soil nutrients are too low for optimum productivity. This is especially valuable when fertilizer prices are high.Collecting a representative soil sample<ul>
 <li>Use a soil probe if possible (We have probes in both offices for producers to borrow). A shovel or spade may also be used, but avoid “pointed” samples that over-represent the surface layer.</li><li>Combine 15–20 cores into one composite sample for each uniform area (≤40 acres, or ≤10 acres in variable fields). Keep separate samples for areas with different crops, forages, or soil types. The goal is to capture variability within the fields.</li><li>Avoid contamination by using clean equipment and containers.</li>
 </ul>Sampling depths<ul>
 <li>pH evaluation: 3-4 inches</li><li>mobile nutrients (nitrogen and sulfur): 24 inches</li><li>Immobile nutrients (phosphorus and potassium): 6 inches</li>
 </ul>Why soil pH matters Soil pH is one key soil property for forage production, especially with legumes. The optimal pH level is 6 to 7, depending on the forage species.<ul>
 <li>Nutrient uptake can be reduced if the soil pH is too low or too high.</li><li>Smooth brome grass and tall fescue perform best in the pH range of 6.0 – 7.5, but can handle pH down to 5.</li><li>Legumes, especially alfalfa, require a near-neutral pH (~pH 7). A low soil pH reduces nodulation and nitrogen fixation in legumes, such as alfalfa and clover.</li><li>Aluminum toxicity can occur at low soil pH.</li>
 </ul>If liming a new pasture, it is important to apply the lime 6 to 12 months before planting. Finer lime materials with a high effective calcium carbonate (ECC) value will react more quickly. Fields being prepared for alfalfa should also be evaluated for phosphorus and potassium, with any corrections made before planting.&nbsp;&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Fall the preferred time for soil testing

If you or a family member have Medicare, you know there are opportunities for unscrupulous people to try to take advantage through a variety of scams.

The Senior Medicare Patrol (SMP), through the Kansas Department for Aging and Disability Services, provides a great set of Fraud Scheme Fact Sheets that can help consumers recognize potential scams and protect themselves.

We have several of the Fact Sheets available in our office or you can access them at kdads.ks.gov/services-programs then searching Fraud Schemes Fact Sheets.

Be the first line of defense in protecting your Medicare benefits.

• Treat your Medicare card like a credit card. Your Medicare number can be valuable to thieves who want to steal your medical identity or bill Medicare without even seeing you.

• Don’t take advice or offers of medical services from people you don’t know who call, come to your house, or approach you in public.

• Read your Medicare Summary Notice or Explanation of Benefits. Look for services or equipment you didn’t receive, double charges, or things your doctor didn’t order.

• Ask questions and report problems. Call the doctor or company and ask them about mistakes. Call the insurance company if you still have questions. Get help from your local SMP.

According to the Medicare Card Scams Fact Sheet, Medicare updated cards in 2018 to switch from a person’s social security number to a random identifier and there are no plans to update the cards again.

You can help protect your family and neighbors by asking questions, researching for fact-based answers, and being aware of common scams and schemes.

Medicare Part D Open Enrollment began on Oct. 15 and runs through Dec. 7. If you haven’t reviewed your Part D plan, this is a great time to check on the available options for the best one for your household. Give

Karissa Frasier at the Cottonwood-Hays office or myself and call to set up an appointment!

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!

Michelle Beran is a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other K-State Extension resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

All Kansas Extension education programs and materials are available to all individuals without discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age or disability.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668177490614.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran is a&nbsp;Family and Community Wellness Agent&nbsp;in the Cottonwood Extension District. " />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran is a&nbsp;Family and Community Wellness Agent&nbsp;in the Cottonwood Extension District. </figcaption>
 </figure>If you or a family member have Medicare, you know there are opportunities for unscrupulous people to try to take advantage through a variety of scams.The Senior Medicare Patrol (SMP), through the Kansas Department for Aging and Disability Services, provides a great set of Fraud Scheme Fact Sheets that can help consumers recognize potential scams and protect themselves.We have several of the Fact Sheets available in our office or you can access them at kdads.ks.gov/services-programs then searching Fraud Schemes Fact Sheets.Be the first line of defense in protecting your Medicare benefits.• Treat your Medicare card like a credit card. Your Medicare number can be valuable to thieves who want to steal your medical identity or bill Medicare without even seeing you.• Don’t take advice or offers of medical services from people you don’t know who call, come to your house, or approach you in public.• Read your Medicare Summary Notice or Explanation of Benefits. Look for services or equipment you didn’t receive, double charges, or things your doctor didn’t order.• Ask questions and report problems. Call the doctor or company and ask them about mistakes. Call the insurance company if you still have questions. Get help from your local SMP.According to the Medicare Card Scams Fact Sheet, Medicare updated cards in 2018 to switch from a person’s social security number to a random identifier and there are no plans to update the cards again.You can help protect your family and neighbors by asking questions, researching for fact-based answers, and being aware of common scams and schemes.Medicare Part D Open Enrollment began on Oct. 15 and runs through Dec. 7. If you haven’t reviewed your Part D plan, this is a great time to check on the available options for the best one for your household. GiveKarissa Frasier at the Cottonwood-Hays office or myself and call to set up an appointment!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other K-State Extension resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.All Kansas Extension education programs and materials are available to all individuals without discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age or disability.

BERAN: Be aware - Medicare fraud protections

Taking care of a home lawn can be time consuming but rewarding for many homeowners. Kansas State University horticulture expert Matt McKernan said as mowing season ends, it is important to service mowers before storing them for winter.

Always begin lawn mower maintenance by disconnecting the battery cable or spark plug wire to prevent accidental engine starts and ensure safety, McKernan recommends.

“Make sure you drain the gas tank of gasoline-powered engines, run the engine until it is out of gas, or use a gasoline stabilizer,” McKernan said. “Untreated gasoline can become thick and gummy.”

Spark plugs should be replaced. Before putting the new one in, place a few drops of clean oil inside the spark plug hole in the engine and turn over the engine a few times to lubricate the cylinder. Battery terminals usually corrode during the season, so they should be cleaned with a wire-bristle brush before being removed and stored for winter.

“If you remove the battery, be sure to store it in a protected location for the winter; a cool basement works best,” McKernan said.

Cleaning and storing mowers properly is just one part of end of-season-care. McKernan also suggests using this time to sharpen mower blades.

“Sharpening rotary mower blades is fairly straightforward,” said McKernan, who listed the steps to guide the process:

• Check for major blade damage and replace what can’t be fixed. • Remove grass and debris with a damp cloth. Dry the blade before sharpening. • Use a grinding wheel or hand-file to remove nicks from the cutting edge. If using a grinding wheel, match the existing edge angle to the wheel. If hand-filing, file at the same angle as the existing edge. • File edges to 1/32 inch, or about the size of a period at the end of a sentence. • Avoid overheating the blade as this could damage it. • For optimum winter storage, clean the blade with solvent or oil. Avoid using water because it will promote rust.

“Following these tips can help you better prepare your mower for winter storage and also save you some steps (next) spring,” McKernan said.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Taking care of a home lawn can be time consuming but rewarding for many homeowners. Kansas State University horticulture expert Matt McKernan said as mowing season ends, it is important to service mowers before storing them for winter.Always begin lawn mower maintenance by disconnecting the battery cable or spark plug wire to prevent accidental engine starts and ensure safety, McKernan recommends.“Make sure you drain the gas tank of gasoline-powered engines, run the engine until it is out of gas, or use a gasoline stabilizer,” McKernan said. “Untreated gasoline can become thick and gummy.”Spark plugs should be replaced. Before putting the new one in, place a few drops of clean oil inside the spark plug hole in the engine and turn over the engine a few times to lubricate the cylinder. Battery terminals usually corrode during the season, so they should be cleaned with a wire-bristle brush before being removed and stored for winter.“If you remove the battery, be sure to store it in a protected location for the winter; a cool basement works best,” McKernan said.Cleaning and storing mowers properly is just one part of end of-season-care. McKernan also suggests using this time to sharpen mower blades.“Sharpening rotary mower blades is fairly straightforward,” said McKernan, who listed the steps to guide the process:• Check for major blade damage and replace what can’t be fixed. • Remove grass and debris with a damp cloth. Dry the blade before sharpening. • Use a grinding wheel or hand-file to remove nicks from the cutting edge. If using a grinding wheel, match the existing edge angle to the wheel. If hand-filing, file at the same angle as the existing edge. • File edges to 1/32 inch, or about the size of a period at the end of a sentence. • Avoid overheating the blade as this could damage it. • For optimum winter storage, clean the blade with solvent or oil. Avoid using water because it will promote rust.“Following these tips can help you better prepare your mower for winter storage and also save you some steps (next) spring,” McKernan said.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Tips for preparing lawn mower for winter months

Join K-State Agricultural Economics for the 4th Annual Kansas Landowner Conference, Nov. 10-11 in Manhattan. It is designed for Kansas agricultural landowners whether you live on the land, across the state or across the country. Connect with fellow landowners and K-State experts while gaining practical information to help you make informed decisions about your land.

2026 topics include: What Trade, Tariffs and World Conflict Mean to U.S. Agriculture •&nbsp;U.S. Economic Outlook • Kansas Land Values and Land as an Investment • Farm Estate Planning Considerations • and more!

This conference is loaded with great speakers and plenty of information in “Breakout Sessions” for participants to choose from throughout the conference. Veteran’s Day Discount: In recognition of Veterans Day, U.S. military veterans are eligible for a special registration discount. Email Robin Reid at robinreid@ksu.edu (link sends e-mail) or call 785-532-0964 for a discount code before registering. Registration is due by November 2nd, 2026. To view the conference agenda, speakers, and to register https://www.agmanager.info/landowner

To learn more about conferences like this or to sign up to receive notices of future events like this and to receive the weekly email updates that K-State Extension Agricultural Economics does go to www.AgManager.info

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Join K-State Agricultural Economics for the 4th Annual Kansas Landowner Conference, Nov. 10-11 in Manhattan. It is designed for Kansas agricultural landowners whether you live on the land, across the state or across the country. Connect with fellow landowners and K-State experts while gaining practical information to help you make informed decisions about your land.2026 topics include: What Trade, Tariffs and World Conflict Mean to U.S. Agriculture •&nbsp;U.S. Economic Outlook • Kansas Land Values and Land as an Investment • Farm Estate Planning Considerations • and more! This conference is loaded with great speakers and plenty of information in “Breakout Sessions” for participants to choose from throughout the conference. Veteran’s Day Discount: In recognition of Veterans Day, U.S. military veterans are eligible for a special registration discount. Email Robin Reid at robinreid@ksu.edu (link sends e-mail) or call 785-532-0964 for a discount code before registering. Registration is due by November 2nd, 2026. To view the conference agenda, speakers, and to register https://www.agmanager.info/landownerTo learn more about conferences like this or to sign up to receive notices of future events like this and to receive the weekly email updates that K-State Extension Agricultural Economics does go to www.AgManager.infoStacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Registration open for Kansas Landowners Conference

Incorporating cereal rye after corn in a corn-soybean rotation can be a valuable management tool to scavenge residual nitrogen (N), reduce soil erosion and evaporation, and suppress weeds. Cereal rye can be part of an effective weed management program in soybean production. The growing cover crop competes with weeds that emerge early in spring, and residue from the terminated cereal rye can suppress weed growth. 

Cereal rye roots scavenge residual nitrogen in the soil profile, reducing N leaching and anchoring soil in place to reduce erosion. Cereal rye residue can also protect the soil surface from erosion caused by rain and runoff water, as well as reduce evaporation from the soil during the growing season. More information on how cover crops improve water quality by reducing soil erosion and nutrient runoff is available in the new K-State Extension publication, MF3686 “Cover Crops for Protecting Water Quality.”

A publication from K-State and the Midwest Cover Crop Council, “Post Corn, Going to Soybean: Use Cereal Rye,” provides helpful information for producers looking to incorporate a cereal rye cover crop following corn harvest. This fact sheet is an excellent resource for farmers who are new to cover crops. This publication covers various topics, which are summarized in this article. The complete factsheet can be viewed at: https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF3504.pdf.

Planning and Preparation Residual corn herbicides—Fall-seeded cereal rye can be established successfully following the application of most herbicides used in corn production, but success is influenced by herbicide rate and environmental conditions that followed the herbicide application. If cereal rye will be grazed or fed to livestock, there are some restrictions. Always read and follow the instructions on the herbicide label.

Seed purchase—Order cereal rye seed early. Named varieties can produce substantially more growth or more predictable growth and maturity, but are more expensive than VNS (variety not stated) seed. Choose seed that has been cleaned (free of weed seeds and other contaminants), tested for germination, and has a seed tag, even if it is VNS.

Fall Work · Corn harvest—Harvest the crop as early as possible in fields to be planted to cereal rye.

· Tillage or no-tillage—To allow for adequate cover crop growth, it is best or easier if no full-width tillage is planned for after rye planting or before the intended rye termination date. Thus, it is easier to integrate cover crops into no-till or strip-till systems.

· Timing of planting—For maximum biomass, plant cereal rye as soon after corn harvest as possible. However, cereal rye poses a moderately high risk as a host for wheat streak mosaic virus and wheat curl mites, which means it will pose a risk to neighboring wheat crops if it emerges before wheat does. Use the Cover Crop Selector Tool (in Resources) to find planting dates for your county. For most of Kansas, plant no later than November 1st.

· Seeding rate—The recommended drilled seeding rate is 55 to 60 pounds per acre; if seeded with an airplane, the rates should be 1.5 times the drilled rate (required if participating in USDA-NRCS programs). These rates are based on high-quality seed with germination rates of 85 to 98%. Increase rates with later plantings.

· Planting method—Drill seed 0.75 to 1.50 inches deep or broadcast with shallow incorporation.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Incorporating cereal rye after corn in a corn-soybean rotation can be a valuable management tool to scavenge residual nitrogen (N), reduce soil erosion and evaporation, and suppress weeds. Cereal rye can be part of an effective weed management program in soybean production. The growing cover crop competes with weeds that emerge early in spring, and residue from the terminated cereal rye can suppress weed growth. Cereal rye roots scavenge residual nitrogen in the soil profile, reducing N leaching and anchoring soil in place to reduce erosion. Cereal rye residue can also protect the soil surface from erosion caused by rain and runoff water, as well as reduce evaporation from the soil during the growing season. More information on how cover crops improve water quality by reducing soil erosion and nutrient runoff is available in the new K-State Extension publication, MF3686 “Cover Crops for Protecting Water Quality.”A publication from K-State and the Midwest Cover Crop Council, “Post Corn, Going to Soybean: Use Cereal Rye,” provides helpful information for producers looking to incorporate a cereal rye cover crop following corn harvest. This fact sheet is an excellent resource for farmers who are new to cover crops. This publication covers various topics, which are summarized in this article. The complete factsheet can be viewed at: https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF3504.pdf.Planning and Preparation Residual corn herbicides—Fall-seeded cereal rye can be established successfully following the application of most herbicides used in corn production, but success is influenced by herbicide rate and environmental conditions that followed the herbicide application. If cereal rye will be grazed or fed to livestock, there are some restrictions. Always read and follow the instructions on the herbicide label.Seed purchase—Order cereal rye seed early. Named varieties can produce substantially more growth or more predictable growth and maturity, but are more expensive than VNS (variety not stated) seed. Choose seed that has been cleaned (free of weed seeds and other contaminants), tested for germination, and has a seed tag, even if it is VNS.Fall Work · Corn harvest—Harvest the crop as early as possible in fields to be planted to cereal rye.· Tillage or no-tillage—To allow for adequate cover crop growth, it is best or easier if no full-width tillage is planned for after rye planting or before the intended rye termination date. Thus, it is easier to integrate cover crops into no-till or strip-till systems.· Timing of planting—For maximum biomass, plant cereal rye as soon after corn harvest as possible. However, cereal rye poses a moderately high risk as a host for wheat streak mosaic virus and wheat curl mites, which means it will pose a risk to neighboring wheat crops if it emerges before wheat does. Use the Cover Crop Selector Tool (in Resources) to find planting dates for your county. For most of Kansas, plant no later than November 1st.· Seeding rate—The recommended drilled seeding rate is 55 to 60 pounds per acre; if seeded with an airplane, the rates should be 1.5 times the drilled rate (required if participating in USDA-NRCS programs). These rates are based on high-quality seed with germination rates of 85 to 98%. Increase rates with later plantings.· Planting method—Drill seed 0.75 to 1.50 inches deep or broadcast with shallow incorporation.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Planting cereal rye after corn harvest

Testing your forage and feed is one of the most valuable steps you can take to make sure your cattle are meeting their nutritional needs. By collecting good samples, choosing the right tests, and understanding the results, you can save money, improve animal performance, and avoid unexpected problems.

The first step is making sure your sample represents what the cattle will eat. Always sample by “lot,” meaning hay or forage that comes from the same field and cutting. Never mix bales from different cuttings or pastures into one sample. Also consider timing, sampling right before feeding shows the most accurate nutrient value since it includes any storage losses. Use a hay probe or core sampler when possible and collect at least 20 cores from different bales in a lot. For chopped silage or baleage, take grab samples from several locations and mix them. Once collected, combine samples in a clean bucket, mix thoroughly, and seal in a heavy-duty plastic bag. For high moisture feed, freeze the sample until it’s shipped to the lab.

Clear records are just as important as a good sample. Label each bag with your name, lot ID, harvest date, and forage type. On the lab paperwork, note any details about maturity, legume content, or suspected issues like mold. Ship samples quickly, preferably early in the week. Use ice packs or freeze high moisture feeds like silage to keep it from spoiling.

When looking for a place to send samples, look for an accredited lab certified by the National Forage Testing Association (NFTA). At minimum, request tests for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). These values allow the lab to also calculate energy, like TDN. Optional tests like nitrates, minerals, or fiber digestibility are worth considering if you suspect specific issues or are feeding high-risk forages like sorghum or drought-stressed hay.

Understanding the Results Dry Matter (DM): Indicates how much actual feed remains after water is removed. Essential for balancing rations and preventing spoilage.

Crude Protein (CP): Estimates protein content but can include non-protein nitrogen (like nitrates). Heat-damaged hay may show inflated CP, so some labs also report available CP.

ADF and NDF: Fiber values that affect digestibility and intake. High ADF means lower energy; high NDF limits how much cattle will eat.

Energy (TDN, NE): Energy values calculated from fiber. As ADF increases, energy drops. Meeting cows’ energy needs is often the biggest feeding challenge.

Ash and Minerals: High ash often means dirt contamination, which dilutes feed value. Mineral panels can flag shortages or imbalances that may require supplementation.

Indexes (RFV, RFQ): Useful shorthand for comparing hay quality, though best applied only within similar forage types.

The real value of forage testing comes when you compare lab results to your cattle’s requirements. For example, if a cow needs 1.4 pounds of protein daily but your hay only provides 0.9 pounds, you know to add a protein supplement. Conversely, if your hay is richer than expected, you can save money by cutting back on purchased feed. Matching different forages to the right class of cattle is also smart management. Reserve your highest quality hay for lactating or growing animals, while dry mature cows might be able to get by on lower-quality forage.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Testing your forage and feed is one of the most valuable steps you can take to make sure your cattle are meeting their nutritional needs. By collecting good samples, choosing the right tests, and understanding the results, you can save money, improve animal performance, and avoid unexpected problems.The first step is making sure your sample represents what the cattle will eat. Always sample by “lot,” meaning hay or forage that comes from the same field and cutting. Never mix bales from different cuttings or pastures into one sample. Also consider timing, sampling right before feeding shows the most accurate nutrient value since it includes any storage losses. Use a hay probe or core sampler when possible and collect at least 20 cores from different bales in a lot. For chopped silage or baleage, take grab samples from several locations and mix them. Once collected, combine samples in a clean bucket, mix thoroughly, and seal in a heavy-duty plastic bag. For high moisture feed, freeze the sample until it’s shipped to the lab.Clear records are just as important as a good sample. Label each bag with your name, lot ID, harvest date, and forage type. On the lab paperwork, note any details about maturity, legume content, or suspected issues like mold. Ship samples quickly, preferably early in the week. Use ice packs or freeze high moisture feeds like silage to keep it from spoiling.When looking for a place to send samples, look for an accredited lab certified by the National Forage Testing Association (NFTA). At minimum, request tests for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). These values allow the lab to also calculate energy, like TDN. Optional tests like nitrates, minerals, or fiber digestibility are worth considering if you suspect specific issues or are feeding high-risk forages like sorghum or drought-stressed hay.Understanding the Results Dry Matter (DM): Indicates how much actual feed remains after water is removed. Essential for balancing rations and preventing spoilage.Crude Protein (CP): Estimates protein content but can include non-protein nitrogen (like nitrates). Heat-damaged hay may show inflated CP, so some labs also report available CP.ADF and NDF: Fiber values that affect digestibility and intake. High ADF means lower energy; high NDF limits how much cattle will eat.Energy (TDN, NE): Energy values calculated from fiber. As ADF increases, energy drops. Meeting cows’ energy needs is often the biggest feeding challenge.Ash and Minerals: High ash often means dirt contamination, which dilutes feed value. Mineral panels can flag shortages or imbalances that may require supplementation.Indexes (RFV, RFQ): Useful shorthand for comparing hay quality, though best applied only within similar forage types.The real value of forage testing comes when you compare lab results to your cattle’s requirements. For example, if a cow needs 1.4 pounds of protein daily but your hay only provides 0.9 pounds, you know to add a protein supplement. Conversely, if your hay is richer than expected, you can save money by cutting back on purchased feed. Matching different forages to the right class of cattle is also smart management. Reserve your highest quality hay for lactating or growing animals, while dry mature cows might be able to get by on lower-quality forage.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Tips for testing forage and feed and what the results mean

Do you have diabetes or pre-diabetes? Do you support someone you know that has diabetes? Would you like to learn more about diabetes? This class is for you!

Dining with Diabetes is a K-State Extension health and wellness program that consists of classes that include learning, demonstrations, physical activity and tasting healthy foods. The program's focus is to help individuals learn strategies to lessen the health risks of diabetes.

A one-time class will be offered which introduces participants to practical strategies for managing diabetes through healthy eating. Participants will learn about balanced meals, portion sizes, and making healthier food choices. The presentation will be followed by a food demonstration and taste test featuring diabetes friendly recipes.

Why Dining with Diabetes? Diabetes is one of the costliest health conditions in Kansas. More than 50% of spending on type 2 diabetes is for treating health problems that could have been prevented with better diabetes management. Research shows that diabetes can be treated and managed by healthful eating, regular physical activity, and medications to lower blood glucose levels. The Dining with Diabetes program provides education and training focused on behaviors shown to help people with diabetes stay healthy.

Diabetes by the numbers · Approximately 256,500 or 10.1% of the adult population have diagnosed diabetes.

· Every year an estimated 17,000 people in Kansas are diagnosed with diabetes.

· Americans with diabetes have medical expenses approximately 2.6 times higher than those without.

· In Kansas, diagnosed diabetes costs an estimated $3 billion each year which includes direct medical costs and lost productivity due to diabetes.

*Reference- American Diabetes Association February 2025 Report

Who can participate? The program is designed for people with diabetes, pre-diabetes, or at risk for diabetes and their family members, caregivers, and support people.

Dining with Diabetes one time class will be offered on Oct. 13 at 12 p.m. at the Great Bend Public Library basement. For more information or to sign up please call 785-628-9430 or email moniquek@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Do you have diabetes or pre-diabetes? Do you support someone you know that has diabetes? Would you like to learn more about diabetes? This class is for you!Dining with Diabetes is a K-State Extension health and wellness program that consists of classes that include learning, demonstrations, physical activity and tasting healthy foods. The program's focus is to help individuals learn strategies to lessen the health risks of diabetes.A one-time class will be offered which introduces participants to practical strategies for managing diabetes through healthy eating. Participants will learn about balanced meals, portion sizes, and making healthier food choices. The presentation will be followed by a food demonstration and taste test featuring diabetes friendly recipes.Why Dining with Diabetes? Diabetes is one of the costliest health conditions in Kansas. More than 50% of spending on type 2 diabetes is for treating health problems that could have been prevented with better diabetes management. Research shows that diabetes can be treated and managed by healthful eating, regular physical activity, and medications to lower blood glucose levels. The Dining with Diabetes program provides education and training focused on behaviors shown to help people with diabetes stay healthy.Diabetes by the numbers · Approximately 256,500 or 10.1% of the adult population have diagnosed diabetes.· Every year an estimated 17,000 people in Kansas are diagnosed with diabetes.· Americans with diabetes have medical expenses approximately 2.6 times higher than those without.· In Kansas, diagnosed diabetes costs an estimated $3 billion each year which includes direct medical costs and lost productivity due to diabetes.*Reference- American Diabetes Association February 2025 ReportWho can participate? The program is designed for people with diabetes, pre-diabetes, or at risk for diabetes and their family members, caregivers, and support people.Dining with Diabetes one time class will be offered on Oct. 13 at 12 p.m. at the Great Bend Public Library basement. For more information or to sign up please call 785-628-9430 or email moniquek@ksu.edu.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.eduK-State Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: K-State Extension offering Dining with Diabetes class in GB

Autumn is a great time to check on several areas of your home, both inside and out!

The Kansas Department of Insurance shared a good checklist to identify and address seasonal hazards to minimize insurance claims. These include:

· Clean and inspect gutters, drainage, and the roof. Clean gutters before leaves accumulate, make sure downspouts are securely attached and direct water away from foundations. Look for damage around skylights and chimneys, loose vents and ponding-water issues.

· Remove hazardous limbs and secure exterior property. Address branches that may touch roofs or siding, trees with visible cracks and dead or dying limbs ahead of autumn storms that often produce damaging wind and hail.

· Check for water intrusion and foundation drainage. Don’t forget to check for moisture in basements and crawlspaces, or by windows, door seals, sump pumps and backup systems.

· Prepare plumbing for freezing temperatures. Disconnect exterior hoses, insulate vulnerable pipes, and know where your home’s main water shutoff is.

· Service heating equipment and inspect fire hazards. Proactively examine chimneys and flues, test smoke and carbon-monoxide detectors, and make sure your fire extinguisher is in good condition and easily accessible.

I really appreciate these practical tips and the note from Kansas Insurance Commissioner Vicki Schmidt, “Taking a few simple steps to prepare your home as the seasons change can help prevent insurance claims. By addressing potential hazards now, homeowners can reduce the risk of damage to their property throughout the fall and winter.”

In addition to checking things outdoors, autumn is a great time to review financial records. In the event of an emergency, having family members who know how and where to access your records can be a huge help! Stop for a moment and think: Do you know where all your records are located? Would someone else know in case of your injury or death?

Records should be accessible when needed and stored in a safe place. Receipts, documentation, proofs of ownership and identification may be necessary to collect insurance, pension, or retirement benefits, to receive military compensation, and to solve tax or inheritance problems.

K-State Extension has a great resource to help you collect and document the important information you may need. You can access the document at https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/item/our-valuable-records_MF685 or stop by the office and we’ll print one off for you.

This document provides space to record everything from bank and investment accounts to health and life insurance information as well as property ownership and tax and legal advisors.

Taking a little time to review inside and outside can save you time and headaches in the long run.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668177490614.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran is&nbsp;a Family and Community Wellness Agent&nbsp;in the Cottonwood Extension District. " />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran is&nbsp;a Family and Community Wellness Agent&nbsp;in the Cottonwood Extension District. </figcaption>
 </figure>Autumn is a great time to check on several areas of your home, both inside and out!The Kansas Department of Insurance shared a good checklist to identify and address seasonal hazards to minimize insurance claims. These include:· Clean and inspect gutters, drainage, and the roof. Clean gutters before leaves accumulate, make sure downspouts are securely attached and direct water away from foundations. Look for damage around skylights and chimneys, loose vents and ponding-water issues.· Remove hazardous limbs and secure exterior property. Address branches that may touch roofs or siding, trees with visible cracks and dead or dying limbs ahead of autumn storms that often produce damaging wind and hail.· Check for water intrusion and foundation drainage. Don’t forget to check for moisture in basements and crawlspaces, or by windows, door seals, sump pumps and backup systems.· Prepare plumbing for freezing temperatures. Disconnect exterior hoses, insulate vulnerable pipes, and know where your home’s main water shutoff is.· Service heating equipment and inspect fire hazards. Proactively examine chimneys and flues, test smoke and carbon-monoxide detectors, and make sure your fire extinguisher is in good condition and easily accessible.I really appreciate these practical tips and the note from Kansas Insurance Commissioner Vicki Schmidt, “Taking a few simple steps to prepare your home as the seasons change can help prevent insurance claims. By addressing potential hazards now, homeowners can reduce the risk of damage to their property throughout the fall and winter.”In addition to checking things outdoors, autumn is a great time to review financial records. In the event of an emergency, having family members who know how and where to access your records can be a huge help! Stop for a moment and think: Do you know where all your records are located? Would someone else know in case of your injury or death?Records should be accessible when needed and stored in a safe place. Receipts, documentation, proofs of ownership and identification may be necessary to collect insurance, pension, or retirement benefits, to receive military compensation, and to solve tax or inheritance problems.K-State Extension has a great resource to help you collect and document the important information you may need. You can access the document at https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/item/our-valuable-records_MF685 or stop by the office and we’ll print one off for you.This document provides space to record everything from bank and investment accounts to health and life insurance information as well as property ownership and tax and legal advisors.Taking a little time to review inside and outside can save you time and headaches in the long run.Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other K-State Extension resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.All Kansas Extension education programs and materials are available to all individuals without discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age or disability.

BERAN: Autumn is a good time to check your home inside and out

By ELLE HUTCHINSON Barton County Media Consultant

The Barton County Commission celebrated the impact of 4-H and the accomplishments of local youth this week with the adoption of Proclamation 2026-13, recognizing Oct. 4 through 10, 2026, as National 4-H Week.

Michelle Beran, Family Community Wellness Agent with the Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County, was joined by new 4-H Youth Development Agent JoAnn Gaunt, Cottonwood Extension Director Jay Harris, and local 4-H members for the presentation.

For generations, 4-H has provided young people with opportunities to learn by doing, develop leadership skills, serve their communities, explore new interests, and build confidence that carries into adulthood.

At the heart of the program are the four H’s: Head, Heart, Hands, and Health. Together, those values encourage young people to think critically, care for others, serve their communities, and develop healthy habits while becoming “Beyond Ready” for the opportunities ahead.

This year’s recognition also provided an opportunity to celebrate outstanding achievement by local 4-H members.

Samantha Negaard, a local 4-H ambassador, was recognized as the Kansas State Project Award winner in Performing Arts, an honor awarded to only one 4-H member statewide in each project category.

Samantha explained that earning the award represented months of work documenting her involvement in performing arts, including forensic roles, dance, orchestra, choir, and other experiences. The process included completing a detailed project record, preparing a resume and cover letter, advancing through regional competition, and producing a five-minute video explaining her work and accomplishments.

As a state winner, Samantha earned the opportunity to represent Kansas and Barton County at the National 4-H Congress in Atlanta, Georgia, where delegates will participate in service projects and educational experiences.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2026/10/1790893829533.png" alt="Barton County Commissioners are pictured with Michelle Beran, JoAnn Gaunt, and Samantha Negaard during recognition of National 4-H Week and local 4-H achievement. Cottonwood Extension Director Jay Harris also attended the presentation but is not pictured." />
 <figcaption>Barton County Commissioners are pictured with Michelle Beran, JoAnn Gaunt, and Samantha Negaard during recognition of National 4-H Week and local 4-H achievement. Cottonwood Extension Director Jay Harris also attended the presentation but is not pictured.</figcaption>
 </figure>By ELLE HUTCHINSON Barton County Media ConsultantThe Barton County Commission celebrated the impact of 4-H and the accomplishments of local youth this week with the adoption of Proclamation 2026-13, recognizing Oct. 4 through 10, 2026, as National 4-H Week.Michelle Beran, Family Community Wellness Agent with the Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County, was joined by new 4-H Youth Development Agent JoAnn Gaunt, Cottonwood Extension Director Jay Harris, and local 4-H members for the presentation.For generations, 4-H has provided young people with opportunities to learn by doing, develop leadership skills, serve their communities, explore new interests, and build confidence that carries into adulthood.At the heart of the program are the four H’s: Head, Heart, Hands, and Health. Together, those values encourage young people to think critically, care for others, serve their communities, and develop healthy habits while becoming “Beyond Ready” for the opportunities ahead.This year’s recognition also provided an opportunity to celebrate outstanding achievement by local 4-H members.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2026/10/1790893788075.png" alt="Samantha Negaard shares her award-winning 4-H Performing Arts project with the Barton County Commission after being recognized as a Kansas State Project Award winner." />
 <figcaption>Samantha Negaard shares her award-winning 4-H Performing Arts project with the Barton County Commission after being recognized as a Kansas State Project Award winner.</figcaption>
 </figure>Samantha Negaard, a local 4-H ambassador, was recognized as the Kansas State Project Award winner in Performing Arts, an honor awarded to only one 4-H member statewide in each project category.Samantha explained that earning the award represented months of work documenting her involvement in performing arts, including forensic roles, dance, orchestra, choir, and other experiences. The process included completing a detailed project record, preparing a resume and cover letter, advancing through regional competition, and producing a five-minute video explaining her work and accomplishments.As a state winner, Samantha earned the opportunity to represent Kansas and Barton County at the National 4-H Congress in Atlanta, Georgia, where delegates will participate in service projects and educational experiences.Commissioners congratulated Samantha on the accomplishment and praised the confidence and professionalism she demonstrated while presenting her project.Barton County also celebrated a second state winner, Russell Kern, who received the Kansas State Project Award in the foods project. Gaunt noted that having two state project winners from the area is a significant accomplishment and reflects the dedication local youth continue to bring to 4-H.National 4-H Week also recognizes the families, volunteers, Extension professionals, and community members who make these opportunities possible. Their support allows young people to explore their interests, develop valuable skills, and grow into engaged members of their communities.The Commission’s proclamation encourages Barton County residents to recognize the important role 4-H continues to play in preparing local youth for the future while celebrating the remarkable accomplishments already taking place right here at home.