In anticipation of calving season, Kansas State University’s Department of Animal Sciences and Industry and K-State Research and Extension are planning a series of calving schools in January.&nbsp;

The program will outline overall calving management that includes stages of the normal calving process as well as tips to handle difficult calving situations.&nbsp;

Extension beef veterinarian A.J. Tarpoff said the&nbsp;goals of the event are to increase knowledge and practical skills, and to increase the number of live calves born if they need assistance. &nbsp;

The schools will also share tips on when and how to intervene to assist the cow or heifer. Presenters will demonstrate proper use of calving equipment on a life-size cow and calf model.&nbsp;

“Our goal is for producers to leave better prepared for calving season,” Tarpoff said. “We will demonstrate building a proper calving kit, then discuss timelines on when to examine cows for calving problems, and when to call your vet for help if things are not going well, and how to care for the newborn calf. It’s an excellent program regardless of one’s experience level.”&nbsp;

Meetings scheduled include:• Thursday, Jan, 4, evening, Stafford County Annex, St. John, Kansas; RSVP to 21 Central District Extension Offices at Stafford County office, 620-549-3502; or the Kinsley office, 620-659-2149, or email&nbsp;<a href="mailto:baley@ksu.edu">baley@ksu.edu</a>.&nbsp;

• Tuesday, Jan. 9, evening, Haskell County Fairgrounds, Sublette, Kansas; RSVP to Wild West Extension office at Stevens County Office, 620-544-4359, or email&nbsp;<a href="mailto:jsgreene@ksu.edu">jsgreene@ksu.edu</a>.&nbsp;

• Thursday, Jan. 11, evening, Northeast Kansas Heritage Complex, Holton, Kansas; RSVP to Meadowlark Extension Holton office at 785-364-4125,&nbsp;<a href="mailto:cmcmanigal@ksu.edu">cmcmanigal@ksu.edu</a>, or&nbsp;<a href="https://tinyurl.com/ksucalvingschoolholton" target="_blank">https://tinyurl.com/ksucalvingschoolholton</a>.&nbsp;

• Thursday, Jan. 18, evening, West Elk School, Howard, Kansas; RSVP to Rolling Prairie Extension office at 620-374-2174, or email&nbsp;<a href="mailto:rfechter@ksu.edu">rfechter@ksu.edu</a>.&nbsp;

More information about the K-State calving schools is available at&nbsp;<a href="http://www.asi.k-state.edu/events/ranch-management-seminars.html" target="_blank">KSUBeef.org</a>.&nbsp;

To register for the calving school that will be held in St. John, you can also call me at 620-793-1910 or email me at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>.

&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

K-State Research and Extension is a short name for the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, a program designed to generate and distribute useful knowledge for the well-being of Kansans. Supported by county, state, federal and private funds, the program has county Extension offices, experiment fields, area Extension offices and regional research centers statewide. Its headquarters is on the K-State campus in Manhattan.

K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>In anticipation of calving season, Kansas State University’s Department of Animal Sciences and Industry and K-State Research and Extension are planning a series of calving schools in January.&nbsp;The program will outline overall calving management that includes stages of the normal calving process as well as tips to handle difficult calving situations.&nbsp;Extension beef veterinarian A.J. Tarpoff said the&nbsp;goals of the event are to increase knowledge and practical skills, and to increase the number of live calves born if they need assistance. &nbsp;The schools will also share tips on when and how to intervene to assist the cow or heifer. Presenters will demonstrate proper use of calving equipment on a life-size cow and calf model.&nbsp;“Our goal is for producers to leave better prepared for calving season,” Tarpoff said. “We will demonstrate building a proper calving kit, then discuss timelines on when to examine cows for calving problems, and when to call your vet for help if things are not going well, and how to care for the newborn calf. It’s an excellent program regardless of one’s experience level.”&nbsp;Meetings scheduled include:• Thursday, Jan, 4, evening, Stafford County Annex, St. John, Kansas; RSVP to 21 Central District Extension Offices at Stafford County office, 620-549-3502; or the Kinsley office, 620-659-2149, or email&nbsp;<a href="mailto:baley@ksu.edu">baley@ksu.edu</a>.&nbsp;• Tuesday, Jan. 9, evening, Haskell County Fairgrounds, Sublette, Kansas; RSVP to Wild West Extension office at Stevens County Office, 620-544-4359, or email&nbsp;<a href="mailto:jsgreene@ksu.edu">jsgreene@ksu.edu</a>.&nbsp;• Thursday, Jan. 11, evening, Northeast Kansas Heritage Complex, Holton, Kansas; RSVP to Meadowlark Extension Holton office at 785-364-4125,&nbsp;<a href="mailto:cmcmanigal@ksu.edu">cmcmanigal@ksu.edu</a>, or&nbsp;<a href="https://tinyurl.com/ksucalvingschoolholton" target="_blank">https://tinyurl.com/ksucalvingschoolholton</a>.&nbsp;• Thursday, Jan. 18, evening, West Elk School, Howard, Kansas; RSVP to Rolling Prairie Extension office at 620-374-2174, or email&nbsp;<a href="mailto:rfechter@ksu.edu">rfechter@ksu.edu</a>.&nbsp;More information about the K-State calving schools is available at&nbsp;<a href="http://www.asi.k-state.edu/events/ranch-management-seminars.html" target="_blank">KSUBeef.org</a>.&nbsp;To register for the calving school that will be held in St. John, you can also call me at 620-793-1910 or email me at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>.&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Research and Extension is a short name for the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, a program designed to generate and distribute useful knowledge for the well-being of Kansans. Supported by county, state, federal and private funds, the program has county Extension offices, experiment fields, area Extension offices and regional research centers statewide. Its headquarters is on the K-State campus in Manhattan.K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Calving schools in January

According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry children and adolescents spend a lot of time watching screens, including smartphones, tables, gaming consoles, TVs, and computers. On average, children ages 8-12 in the Unites States spend 4-6 hours a day watching or using screens, and teens spend up to 9 hours. While screens can entertain, teach, and keep children occupied, too much use may lead to problems.

Parents may not always know what their children are viewing, or how much time they are spending with screens. Children may be exposed to:

· Videos of stunts or challenges that may inspire unsafe behavior

· Not enough outdoor or physical activity

· Less time learning other ways to relax and have fun

Managing screen time is challenging for families. Your child is never too young for a screen-time plan. Start when they are young so they know the rules and know what to expect. Until 18 months of age only allow video chatting along with an adult (such as with a parent who is out of town). Ages18-24 months should only have screen time that is educational programming and is

watched with a caregiver. For children 2-5, limit non-educational screen time to about 1 hour per weekday and 3 hours on the weekend days. For ages 6 and older, encourage healthy habits and limit activities that include screens. Turn off all screens during family meals and outings. Learn about and use parental controls. Avoid using screens as pacifiers, babysitters or to stop tantrums. Turn off screens 30-60 minutes before bed and do not allow screens in bedrooms.

Some baseline rules would include screen free times and zones within the family and home. Plan media free times such as family dinners, while doing homework, or on outings to stores. Another example would be to decide on media-free, unplugged locations in homes, such as bedrooms and bathrooms. As a parent or caregiver, set a good example and turn off your screens or set your phone to do not disturb during family time. Share this information with all caregivers including grandparents so everyone is on the same page.

The key takeaway is to find a healthy balance that works best for your children and family. Children need healthy boundaries and that includes screen time. Children learn best by face to face interactions with other children and adults. Development and health can be affected by too much screen time. Screen time affects how children feel, learn, think and behave. Make a long-term investment in your children’s health and well being by setting up a plan and talking about it regularly. 

Other resources include: www.healthychildren.org/MediaUsePlan

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry children and adolescents spend a lot of time watching screens, including smartphones, tables, gaming consoles, TVs, and computers. On average, children ages 8-12 in the Unites States spend 4-6 hours a day watching or using screens, and teens spend up to 9 hours. While screens can entertain, teach, and keep children occupied, too much use may lead to problems.Parents may not always know what their children are viewing, or how much time they are spending with screens. Children may be exposed to:· Violence and Risk-taking behaviors· Videos of stunts or challenges that may inspire unsafe behavior· Sexual content· Negative stereotypes· Substance use· Cyberbullies and predators· Advertising aimed at your child· Misleading or inaccurate informationToo much screen time may lead to:· Sleep problems· Lower grades in school· Reading fewer books· Less time with family and friends· Not enough outdoor or physical activity· Weight problems· Mood problems· Poor self-image and body image issues· Fear of missing out· Less time learning other ways to relax and have funManaging screen time is challenging for families. Your child is never too young for a screen-time plan. Start when they are young so they know the rules and know what to expect. Until 18 months of age only allow video chatting along with an adult (such as with a parent who is out of town). Ages18-24 months should only have screen time that is educational programming and iswatched with a caregiver. For children 2-5, limit non-educational screen time to about 1 hour per weekday and 3 hours on the weekend days. For ages 6 and older, encourage healthy habits and limit activities that include screens. Turn off all screens during family meals and outings. Learn about and use parental controls. Avoid using screens as pacifiers, babysitters or to stop tantrums. Turn off screens 30-60 minutes before bed and do not allow screens in bedrooms.Some baseline rules would include screen free times and zones within the family and home. Plan media free times such as family dinners, while doing homework, or on outings to stores. Another example would be to decide on media-free, unplugged locations in homes, such as bedrooms and bathrooms. As a parent or caregiver, set a good example and turn off your screens or set your phone to do not disturb during family time. Share this information with all caregivers including grandparents so everyone is on the same page.The key takeaway is to find a healthy balance that works best for your children and family. Children need healthy boundaries and that includes screen time. Children learn best by face to face interactions with other children and adults. Development and health can be affected by too much screen time. Screen time affects how children feel, learn, think and behave. Make a long-term investment in your children’s health and well being by setting up a plan and talking about it regularly. Other resources include: www.healthychildren.org/MediaUsePlancommonsensemedia.orgaacap.orgMonique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: Screen time

Many reactions occur within the body during an attempt to deal with stressors. A few short-term effects include increased adrenaline, cortisol production (the stress hormone), or muscle tightness. Chronic stress affects our physical, emotional, and social well-being, and symptoms such as irritability, fatigue, changes to eating habits, or burnout can occur.

As you can see, there is a broad spectrum of stress depending on severity. Acute stress lasts no longer than one month and typically occurs right after a stressful event such as an interview or performance.

Chronic stress can also develop after a stressful event, but this type is ongoing and persistent. It can be caused by losing a loved one or struggling with poverty to name a couple of examples.

Living in a state of stress for an extended amount of time is not healthy in any aspect of well-being, but if we aren’t careful, life can become overwhelming and stress can be difficult to manage. Stress is proven to have severe effects on mental health and the development of chronic illnesses. In fact, it is estimated that 90 percent of illness and disease is stress-related according to medical research. When chronic stress is present, it can interfere with your physical functioning and bodily processes. This is linked to high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and heart disease.

Are you ready to work on your stress management skills for your mental health and physical well-being?

The Great Bend Activity Center is hosting an upcoming class on Managing the Strain of Stress, and you’ll have the chance to:

· Learn the different types of stress and how it can affect the body.

· Learn the physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms of stress.

· Be able to identify how stress personally affects you (your personal signs/symptoms).

If you want to add to your stress management toolbox, join me at the Great Bend Activity Center on December 13th at noon.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Many reactions occur within the body during an attempt to deal with stressors. A few short-term effects include increased adrenaline, cortisol production (the stress hormone), or muscle tightness. Chronic stress affects our physical, emotional, and social well-being, and symptoms such as irritability, fatigue, changes to eating habits, or burnout can occur.As you can see, there is a broad spectrum of stress depending on severity. Acute stress lasts no longer than one month and typically occurs right after a stressful event such as an interview or performance.Chronic stress can also develop after a stressful event, but this type is ongoing and persistent. It can be caused by losing a loved one or struggling with poverty to name a couple of examples.Living in a state of stress for an extended amount of time is not healthy in any aspect of well-being, but if we aren’t careful, life can become overwhelming and stress can be difficult to manage. Stress is proven to have severe effects on mental health and the development of chronic illnesses. In fact, it is estimated that 90 percent of illness and disease is stress-related according to medical research. When chronic stress is present, it can interfere with your physical functioning and bodily processes. This is linked to high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and heart disease.Are you ready to work on your stress management skills for your mental health and physical well-being?The Great Bend Activity Center is hosting an upcoming class on Managing the Strain of Stress, and you’ll have the chance to:· Learn the different types of stress and how it can affect the body.· Learn the physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms of stress.· Be able to identify how stress personally affects you (your personal signs/symptoms).· Learn different tools and techniques.If you want to add to your stress management toolbox, join me at the Great Bend Activity Center on December 13th at noon.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: Managing the strain of stress

Colder weather has finally arrived in Kansas. This past weekend’s snowfall and plummeting temperatures have assured us that we are not skipping winter this year, much to my dismay. Some people get refreshed with the cooler temperatures. I, however, can live without the cold weather as I just want to hibernate inside where it is warm. I really dislike being cold, but my children remind me that there are people (like them) who prefer the cooler temperatures.

I do have to admit the snow was pretty and I love how it quiets our busy life. Not to mention the moisture is much appreciated. This brings us to the dilemma of exercise. Many love to exercise outdoors but how do we stick to our routines and healthy lifestyles if the weather has turned down the temperatures?

The Arthritis Foundation and Institute on Aging offers a few tips for Cold Weather Exercise:

Time it right. Joint stiffness may be worse when you first wake up, making an early morning workout uncomfortable and painful. If so, take your walk later in the day when it’s warmer outside and your joints have loosened up. Plus, if you’re taking pain medications, waiting gives them a chance to kick in before you exercise. To warm your joints up faster, pop your workout clothes in the dryer for five minutes while you get ready.

Dress in loose layers. Dress in several layers of loose clothing to trap warm air between them. Wear a waterproof coat or jacket if it’s snowy or rainy and don’t forget a hat, scarf, and gloves. In general, start with a thin, synthetic layer (not cotton), add a layer of fleece, and top with a waterproof, breathable outer layer.

Drink up. Hydration is more often associated with sweating and the summer months, but it’s just as important to drink plenty of water in winter, too. You still sweat and lose fluid in cold weather so make sure you stay hydrated. Dehydration can affect mood and even brain function. In general, drink about 16 ounces (two cups) of water two hours before a workout.

Protect your extremities. Working out in cold weather exposes your hands, feet, ears and nose to severe temperatures. If you have Raynaud’s disease, a condition that causes abnormal sensitivity to cold and restricts blood flow to fingers and toes, wear mittens instead of gloves and use chemical hand warmers in your mittens and boots. Keep your head and ears warmer with a hat or beanie.

Wear sunblock. Even in the cold, a sunny day can result in sunburn. This is especially true if you have psoriasis or lupus, or if you take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or methotrexate, which can make your skin more sun-sensitive. Make sure you wear appropriate sunscreen (SPF 50) on exposed parts and protect your eyes with sunglasses or ski goggles. Remember to reapply if you’re sweating or after more than two hours outdoors. Include a soothing lip balm with sunscreen to prevent windburn and sunburn.

Get traction. Ice isn’t the only danger when walking or exercising outdoors. Packed snow can also make you lose your footing and cause a fall. “Look for ways to get added traction,” says Tom Holland, exercise physiologist and fitness consultant. He recommends simple cleats to strap on your shoes that provide traction when walking on ice or snow. Trail shoes also provide more grip and stability than running or walking shoes that are made for the road.

Safety first. Take a phone and let people know where you’re going, says Holland. “If you slip or fall while walking or biking it’s a good idea someone knows where they can find you.” In addition, choose a neighborhood that’s familiar to you, so if large snowbanks or road detours prevent you from taking your regular route, you’ll know how to find your way back home, Holland adds.

Warm up and cool down. Before you go outside, spend a few minutes warming up, which is especially important when you have arthritis. Warm up by marching in place or on a treadmill for 5 to 10 minutes at a slow-comfortable pace, and then stretching out all major muscle groups. After your workout, take time to cool down and stretch out.

Think low-impact. Cardiovascular exercise does not have to include high-impact exercise such as skiing, jogging or running. Snowshoeing, cross-country skiing and walking are low-impact cardio options that are not only easier on joints but also provide all the benefits of physical activity.

Take it inside. On the coldest winter days, it’s best to work out indoors where you can more easily control the environment. Walk at the mall, pedal a stationary bike, go for a swim at the local aquatic center or take an exercise class at the gym. According to the American College of Sports Medicine, cold weather itself should not be a barrier to exercising outdoors, especially if you are accustomed to it. However, those with Raynaud’s syndrome, heart disease or asthma are at highest risk of being impacted by the cold and may need to avoid outdoor exercise in frigid temperatures altogether.

Remember, staying active has many benefits to both your mental and physical health. Find a way to keep active, even when the weather isn’t cooperating.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Colder weather has finally arrived in Kansas. This past weekend’s snowfall and plummeting temperatures have assured us that we are not skipping winter this year, much to my dismay. Some people get refreshed with the cooler temperatures. I, however, can live without the cold weather as I just want to hibernate inside where it is warm. I really dislike being cold, but my children remind me that there are people (like them) who prefer the cooler temperatures.I do have to admit the snow was pretty and I love how it quiets our busy life. Not to mention the moisture is much appreciated. This brings us to the dilemma of exercise. Many love to exercise outdoors but how do we stick to our routines and healthy lifestyles if the weather has turned down the temperatures?The Arthritis Foundation and Institute on Aging offers a few tips for Cold Weather Exercise:Time it right. Joint stiffness may be worse when you first wake up, making an early morning workout uncomfortable and painful. If so, take your walk later in the day when it’s warmer outside and your joints have loosened up. Plus, if you’re taking pain medications, waiting gives them a chance to kick in before you exercise. To warm your joints up faster, pop your workout clothes in the dryer for five minutes while you get ready.Dress in loose layers. Dress in several layers of loose clothing to trap warm air between them. Wear a waterproof coat or jacket if it’s snowy or rainy and don’t forget a hat, scarf, and gloves. In general, start with a thin, synthetic layer (not cotton), add a layer of fleece, and top with a waterproof, breathable outer layer.Drink up. Hydration is more often associated with sweating and the summer months, but it’s just as important to drink plenty of water in winter, too. You still sweat and lose fluid in cold weather so make sure you stay hydrated. Dehydration can affect mood and even brain function. In general, drink about 16 ounces (two cups) of water two hours before a workout.Protect your extremities. Working out in cold weather exposes your hands, feet, ears and nose to severe temperatures. If you have Raynaud’s disease, a condition that causes abnormal sensitivity to cold and restricts blood flow to fingers and toes, wear mittens instead of gloves and use chemical hand warmers in your mittens and boots. Keep your head and ears warmer with a hat or beanie.Wear sunblock. Even in the cold, a sunny day can result in sunburn. This is especially true if you have psoriasis or lupus, or if you take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or methotrexate, which can make your skin more sun-sensitive. Make sure you wear appropriate sunscreen (SPF 50) on exposed parts and protect your eyes with sunglasses or ski goggles. Remember to reapply if you’re sweating or after more than two hours outdoors. Include a soothing lip balm with sunscreen to prevent windburn and sunburn.Get traction. Ice isn’t the only danger when walking or exercising outdoors. Packed snow can also make you lose your footing and cause a fall. “Look for ways to get added traction,” says Tom Holland, exercise physiologist and fitness consultant. He recommends simple cleats to strap on your shoes that provide traction when walking on ice or snow. Trail shoes also provide more grip and stability than running or walking shoes that are made for the road.Safety first. Take a phone and let people know where you’re going, says Holland. “If you slip or fall while walking or biking it’s a good idea someone knows where they can find you.” In addition, choose a neighborhood that’s familiar to you, so if large snowbanks or road detours prevent you from taking your regular route, you’ll know how to find your way back home, Holland adds.Warm up and cool down. Before you go outside, spend a few minutes warming up, which is especially important when you have arthritis. Warm up by marching in place or on a treadmill for 5 to 10 minutes at a slow-comfortable pace, and then stretching out all major muscle groups. After your workout, take time to cool down and stretch out.Think low-impact. Cardiovascular exercise does not have to include high-impact exercise such as skiing, jogging or running. Snowshoeing, cross-country skiing and walking are low-impact cardio options that are not only easier on joints but also provide all the benefits of physical activity.Take it inside. On the coldest winter days, it’s best to work out indoors where you can more easily control the environment. Walk at the mall, pedal a stationary bike, go for a swim at the local aquatic center or take an exercise class at the gym. According to the American College of Sports Medicine, cold weather itself should not be a barrier to exercising outdoors, especially if you are accustomed to it. However, those with Raynaud’s syndrome, heart disease or asthma are at highest risk of being impacted by the cold and may need to avoid outdoor exercise in frigid temperatures altogether.Remember, staying active has many benefits to both your mental and physical health. Find a way to keep active, even when the weather isn’t cooperating.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: Colder weather and exercise

With harvest complete and some relatively mild temperatures heading into winter, farmers might take to the field for deep tillage such as ripping, or to make earthwork repairs around the farm. A few days before you want to start these activities, call 811 for your safety and to prevent expensive damage to underground utilities. The website, http://call811.com, has easy-to-follow instructions for requesting this free service and detailed information concerning why you need to know what’s below.

A video produced by Marathon Oil tells the story of a farm family and their close call with a pipeline when installing tile drains. The landowner knew where the pipeline entered and exited the field, and they assumed the pipeline was straight— it wasn’t. Watch this 6-minute, eye-opening video for the whole story: https://youtu.be/oe-iknpYzF8.

Sadly, fatal accidents do happen in soil excavations. If you dig any trenches or soil pits, safety should be considered from the very beginning of the project. Soils with sandy textures are more susceptible to collapse than soils with a higher clay content. If standing water is present in the pit, the walls are more apt to collapse. Digging in soils that have been disturbed before, such as digging next to a hydrant or foundation, means that the soil is far less stable than you might expect if that soil had never been disturbed before.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines exist on excavation safety, such as when it is necessary to shore the walls of a soil pit or trench. One important consideration is soil should be piled a minimum of 2 feet away from the walls of the trenches for two reasons: 1) Soil clods or excavating tools could roll back into the trench and cause injury to occupants. 2) It helps reduce the risk of a trench collapse by keeping the weight of the soil piles away from the trench edges.

Even if a soil pit is 5 feet deep or less, it is a good idea to angle the edges, especially if the texture is sandy, the soil is wet, or if the soil is otherwise unstable. This does create more disturbance, but if it prevents an accident, it’s worth it.

For more information on trenching and excavation safety, see the following OSHA publication: Trenching and Excavation Safety, https://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha2226.pdf

New in January 2024 – K-State Corn and Soybean Schools held together

In January 2024, look for a new format for the traditional K-State Corn and Soybean Winter Crop Schools. K-State Research and Extension, in collaboration with Kansas Corn and Kansas Soybean, has combined the schools for a whole-day program covering both crops. Save the date for one of the locations near you!

January 16 (Tuesday) – Parsons K-State Southeast Research and Extension Center. January 17 (Wednesday) – Hesston Agco Corporation. January 18 (Thursday) – Garden City, Corteva Agriscience Research Center. January 19 – Olathe, John Deer Ag Marketing Center.

Stay tuned to the weekly Agronomy eUpdate in the coming weeks for the complete agendas and how to register. To sign up for the eUpdate https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/index_new_prep.php

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>With harvest complete and some relatively mild temperatures heading into winter, farmers might take to the field for deep tillage such as ripping, or to make earthwork repairs around the farm. A few days before you want to start these activities, call 811 for your safety and to prevent expensive damage to underground utilities. The website, http://call811.com, has easy-to-follow instructions for requesting this free service and detailed information concerning why you need to know what’s below.A video produced by Marathon Oil tells the story of a farm family and their close call with a pipeline when installing tile drains. The landowner knew where the pipeline entered and exited the field, and they assumed the pipeline was straight— it wasn’t. Watch this 6-minute, eye-opening video for the whole story: https://youtu.be/oe-iknpYzF8.Sadly, fatal accidents do happen in soil excavations. If you dig any trenches or soil pits, safety should be considered from the very beginning of the project. Soils with sandy textures are more susceptible to collapse than soils with a higher clay content. If standing water is present in the pit, the walls are more apt to collapse. Digging in soils that have been disturbed before, such as digging next to a hydrant or foundation, means that the soil is far less stable than you might expect if that soil had never been disturbed before.Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines exist on excavation safety, such as when it is necessary to shore the walls of a soil pit or trench. One important consideration is soil should be piled a minimum of 2 feet away from the walls of the trenches for two reasons: 1) Soil clods or excavating tools could roll back into the trench and cause injury to occupants. 2) It helps reduce the risk of a trench collapse by keeping the weight of the soil piles away from the trench edges.Even if a soil pit is 5 feet deep or less, it is a good idea to angle the edges, especially if the texture is sandy, the soil is wet, or if the soil is otherwise unstable. This does create more disturbance, but if it prevents an accident, it’s worth it.For more information on trenching and excavation safety, see the following OSHA publication: Trenching and Excavation Safety, https://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha2226.pdfNew in January 2024 – K-State Corn and Soybean Schools held togetherIn January 2024, look for a new format for the traditional K-State Corn and Soybean Winter Crop Schools. K-State Research and Extension, in collaboration with Kansas Corn and Kansas Soybean, has combined the schools for a whole-day program covering both crops. Save the date for one of the locations near you!2024-State Corn and Soybean Crop SchoolsJanuary 16 (Tuesday) – Parsons K-State Southeast Research and Extension Center. January 17 (Wednesday) – Hesston Agco Corporation. January 18 (Thursday) – Garden City, Corteva Agriscience Research Center. January 19 – Olathe, John Deer Ag Marketing Center.Stay tuned to the weekly Agronomy eUpdate in the coming weeks for the complete agendas and how to register. To sign up for the eUpdate https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/index_new_prep.phpStacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Safety first when planning deep tillage or earthwork

Choosing and Caring for Your Christmas Tree&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; If selecting a cut tree, watch for these signs that the tree is too far gone.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Needles are a dull, grayish-green color

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Needles fail to ooze pitch when broken apart and squeezed

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Needles feel stiff and brittle

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Needles pull easily off tree

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Once you have your tree home, recut the trunk about one inch above the original cut. This will open up clogged, water-conducting tissues. Immediately place the trunk in warm water.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Locate the tree in as cool a spot as possible. Avoid areas near fireplaces, wood-burning stoves and heat ducts as the heat will result in excess water loss. Make sure the reservoir stays filled. If the reservoir loses enough water that the bottom of the trunk is exposed, the trunk will need to be recut. Adding aspirins, copper pennies, soda pop, sugar and bleach to the water reservoir have not been shown to prolong the life of a tree.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; If you choose a living Christmas tree, be sure to dig the planting hole before the ground freezes.&nbsp; Mulch the hole and backfill soil to keep them from freezing. Live trees should not be kept inside for more than three days. Longer periods may cause them to lose dormancy resulting in severe injury when planted outside. You may wish to tag the tree at the nursery and then pick it up a couple days before Christmas. After Christmas, move the tree to an unheated garage for several days to acclimatize it to outside temperatures. After planting, water well and leave some mulch in place to prevent the soil water from freezing and becoming unavailable for plant uptake.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

K-State Research and Extension is a short name for the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, a program designed to generate and distribute useful knowledge for the well-being of Kansans. Supported by county, state, federal and private funds, the program has county Extension offices, experiment fields, area Extension offices and regional research centers statewide. Its headquarters is on the K-State campus in Manhattan.&nbsp;K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Choosing and Caring for Your Christmas Tree&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; If selecting a cut tree, watch for these signs that the tree is too far gone.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Needles are a dull, grayish-green color&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Needles fail to ooze pitch when broken apart and squeezed&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Needles feel stiff and brittle&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Needles pull easily off tree&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Once you have your tree home, recut the trunk about one inch above the original cut. This will open up clogged, water-conducting tissues. Immediately place the trunk in warm water.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Locate the tree in as cool a spot as possible. Avoid areas near fireplaces, wood-burning stoves and heat ducts as the heat will result in excess water loss. Make sure the reservoir stays filled. If the reservoir loses enough water that the bottom of the trunk is exposed, the trunk will need to be recut. Adding aspirins, copper pennies, soda pop, sugar and bleach to the water reservoir have not been shown to prolong the life of a tree.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; If you choose a living Christmas tree, be sure to dig the planting hole before the ground freezes.&nbsp; Mulch the hole and backfill soil to keep them from freezing. Live trees should not be kept inside for more than three days. Longer periods may cause them to lose dormancy resulting in severe injury when planted outside. You may wish to tag the tree at the nursery and then pick it up a couple days before Christmas. After Christmas, move the tree to an unheated garage for several days to acclimatize it to outside temperatures. After planting, water well and leave some mulch in place to prevent the soil water from freezing and becoming unavailable for plant uptake.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Research and Extension is a short name for the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, a program designed to generate and distribute useful knowledge for the well-being of Kansans. Supported by county, state, federal and private funds, the program has county Extension offices, experiment fields, area Extension offices and regional research centers statewide. Its headquarters is on the K-State campus in Manhattan.&nbsp;K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Choosing and caring for your Christmas tree

Three small phrases can sum up how to improve health and improve quality of life:

The “three B’s” coined by Chelsea Reinburg, a fellow K-State Extension Agent, has a great point when she says, “I frame good health this way because it’s easy to remember, but sometimes doing all three is difficult. Doing all three is important and they all affect our health.”

The three B’s can provide a valuable road map for people who are looking to improve their health without complicating the process.

Most people have heard of the USDA MyPlate and know that it is a visual to show how breakfast, lunch, and dinner should be built.

“Half of your plate should be fruits or vegetables, a quarter should be grains – focusing on whole grains – and a quarter should be lean protein. Then, maybe a side of dairy, for those who consume dairy products,” Reinberg said.

Although it may seem difficult to build every meal based on the MyPlate method, it can play a big part in pursuing better health- whether that be weight loss or managing chronic illness such as high blood pressure or diabetes. There is also added benefit in diversifying our plate. Reinburg says, “As nutritionists, we say, ‘eat the rainbow,’ because each color has different nutrients, antioxidants, phytonutrients, vitamins and minerals.”

When exercise comes to mind, many people imagine going to the gym, doing intense cardio, or even running a marathon.

Instead, try framing your mindset around simple physical activities. This can be a steady 15-20 minute walk, or another activity that reduces sitting time and gets you away from the computer, tv, or phone screen.

“Being more physically active has some immediate benefits; for example, you may feel like your stress is reduced after a short walk. It reduces your blood pressure, at least temporarily,” Reinberg said.

Long-term benefits include a decreased risk of heart disease or diabetes; lower blood pressure; stronger bones and muscles; and better coordination and balance.

“Some studies have shown that no matter how healthy you are in terms of eating, if you sit for a majority of your day, you are still missing out on the health benefits that physical activity can provide.” Many aspects play a role in holistic well-being, and both nutrition and physical activity are major contributors.

Physical activity also plays a huge role in reducing stress, but colder weather can limit the opportunity to get outside and move. This is why it is especially important to acknowledge stress and to be self-aware of what triggers your stress.

The holiday season tends to increase stress. Family dynamics and finances are just a couple of examples that increase anxiety this time of year. Planning for these situations is important so you can be prepared to handle them. Reinburg advises, “Your plan of action should help to ensure that stress doesn’t get the best of you.”

It is extremely important to learn healthy coping strategies so you don’t continually struggle with anxiety. This is because chronic stress can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure. It also takes a toll on mental health and quality of life. To learn more about healthy coping mechanisms, the American Psychological Association website has some fantastic tools.

Regarding the three B’s, Reinberg said, “You don’t have to tackle all three at the same time.”

Maybe you start with building a better meal by making half your plate vegetables. Then, once you’ve conquered that goal, you can move on to boosting your physical activity or balancing your stress.

There is no perfect formula when it comes to healthy living. Whatever strategy works for you is the best method because you’ll be more likely to stick to it!

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Three small phrases can sum up how to improve health and improve quality of life:Build a better meal.Boost your physical activity.Balance stress.The “three B’s” coined by Chelsea Reinburg, a fellow K-State Extension Agent, has a great point when she says, “I frame good health this way because it’s easy to remember, but sometimes doing all three is difficult. Doing all three is important and they all affect our health.”The three B’s can provide a valuable road map for people who are looking to improve their health without complicating the process.Build a better mealMost people have heard of the USDA MyPlate and know that it is a visual to show how breakfast, lunch, and dinner should be built.“Half of your plate should be fruits or vegetables, a quarter should be grains – focusing on whole grains – and a quarter should be lean protein. Then, maybe a side of dairy, for those who consume dairy products,” Reinberg said.Although it may seem difficult to build every meal based on the MyPlate method, it can play a big part in pursuing better health- whether that be weight loss or managing chronic illness such as high blood pressure or diabetes. There is also added benefit in diversifying our plate. Reinburg says, “As nutritionists, we say, ‘eat the rainbow,’ because each color has different nutrients, antioxidants, phytonutrients, vitamins and minerals.”Boost your physical activityWhen exercise comes to mind, many people imagine going to the gym, doing intense cardio, or even running a marathon.Instead, try framing your mindset around simple physical activities. This can be a steady 15-20 minute walk, or another activity that reduces sitting time and gets you away from the computer, tv, or phone screen.“Being more physically active has some immediate benefits; for example, you may feel like your stress is reduced after a short walk. It reduces your blood pressure, at least temporarily,” Reinberg said.Long-term benefits include a decreased risk of heart disease or diabetes; lower blood pressure; stronger bones and muscles; and better coordination and balance.“Some studies have shown that no matter how healthy you are in terms of eating, if you sit for a majority of your day, you are still missing out on the health benefits that physical activity can provide.” Many aspects play a role in holistic well-being, and both nutrition and physical activity are major contributors.Balance stressPhysical activity also plays a huge role in reducing stress, but colder weather can limit the opportunity to get outside and move. This is why it is especially important to acknowledge stress and to be self-aware of what triggers your stress.The holiday season tends to increase stress. Family dynamics and finances are just a couple of examples that increase anxiety this time of year. Planning for these situations is important so you can be prepared to handle them. Reinburg advises, “Your plan of action should help to ensure that stress doesn’t get the best of you.”It is extremely important to learn healthy coping strategies so you don’t continually struggle with anxiety. This is because chronic stress can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure. It also takes a toll on mental health and quality of life. To learn more about healthy coping mechanisms, the American Psychological Association website has some fantastic tools.Regarding the three B’s, Reinberg said, “You don’t have to tackle all three at the same time.”Maybe you start with building a better meal by making half your plate vegetables. Then, once you’ve conquered that goal, you can move on to boosting your physical activity or balancing your stress.There is no perfect formula when it comes to healthy living. Whatever strategy works for you is the best method because you’ll be more likely to stick to it!Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: Three B’s for better health

After a rapid drop in temperature from warm fall weather in Kansas, trees are keeping their leaves longer. Kansas State University horticulture expert Cynthia Domenghini said this is called marcescence. &nbsp;

“Marcescence is defined by leaves that wither but do not detach from the plant,” Domenghini said. “When the temperature drops quickly, as we have experienced this fall, many trees didn’t have time to develop an abscission layer at the base of each leaf. The abscission layer is what separates the leaf from the tree and prompts it to fall to the ground.”&nbsp;

Marcescence doesn’t harm the tree but may indicate the tree has some damage. The temperature change can affect the tissues beneath the bark, causing the tree to not receive adequate food necessary for survival.&nbsp;

The xylem — the structure in the tree that carries water from the soil throughout the plant — is not damaged and will help the tree continue to maintain life, Domenghini adds. &nbsp;

“If you are seeing trees with marcescence, nothing needs to be done now except prevent further stress,” she said.&nbsp;

Domenghini recommends further preventing stress by keeping the soil moist around trees entering winter. &nbsp;

“Without knowing the extent of the damage to the tree tissue, it is impossible to know what the end result will be, but if only a small portion of the tissue was killed the tree may still recover,” she said. “Trees with excessive internal damage will typically show symptoms the summer after the damage occurred.”&nbsp;

K-State Research and Extension is a short name for the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, a program designed to generate and distribute useful knowledge for the well-being of Kansans. Supported by county, state, federal and private funds, the program has county Extension offices, experiment fields, area Extension offices and regional research centers statewide. Its headquarters is on the K-State campus in Manhattan.&nbsp;K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>After a rapid drop in temperature from warm fall weather in Kansas, trees are keeping their leaves longer. Kansas State University horticulture expert Cynthia Domenghini said this is called marcescence. &nbsp;“Marcescence is defined by leaves that wither but do not detach from the plant,” Domenghini said. “When the temperature drops quickly, as we have experienced this fall, many trees didn’t have time to develop an abscission layer at the base of each leaf. The abscission layer is what separates the leaf from the tree and prompts it to fall to the ground.”&nbsp;Marcescence doesn’t harm the tree but may indicate the tree has some damage. The temperature change can affect the tissues beneath the bark, causing the tree to not receive adequate food necessary for survival.&nbsp;The xylem — the structure in the tree that carries water from the soil throughout the plant — is not damaged and will help the tree continue to maintain life, Domenghini adds. &nbsp;“If you are seeing trees with marcescence, nothing needs to be done now except prevent further stress,” she said.&nbsp;Domenghini recommends further preventing stress by keeping the soil moist around trees entering winter. &nbsp;“Without knowing the extent of the damage to the tree tissue, it is impossible to know what the end result will be, but if only a small portion of the tissue was killed the tree may still recover,” she said. “Trees with excessive internal damage will typically show symptoms the summer after the damage occurred.”&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Research and Extension is a short name for the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, a program designed to generate and distribute useful knowledge for the well-being of Kansans. Supported by county, state, federal and private funds, the program has county Extension offices, experiment fields, area Extension offices and regional research centers statewide. Its headquarters is on the K-State campus in Manhattan.&nbsp;K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Tending to trees going into winter

Thanksgiving is around the corner and you’ve likely experienced a range of emotions planning for the holiday. Maybe you’re excited to see family, relieved to have a day off work, or maybe you’re stressed about how much food you’ve got to prepare. Despite the good or bad feelings related to Turkey Day, have you pondered the original name of the holiday itself, “Thanksgiving?”

Thanksgiving is rooted in the tradition of autumn harvest festivals. It has been celebrated for centuries, and George Washington made it an official holiday. He proclaimed that the people of the United States observe "a day of public thanksgiving and prayer."

As you prepare for the big day, I challenge you to remember the origin of the holiday: gratitude. Gratitude is the readiness to show appreciation and to return kindness. Research has found that people who consciously count their blessings tend to be happier and less depressed. In fact, a study showed that people who wrote one letter of thanksgiving for three weeks reported better mental health up to three months after the exercise ended. When people focus on the good in their lives, they tend to ruminate less on their negative experiences. Gratitude not only reduces the risk of depression, but it lowers stress which is a top cause of chronic illnesses including high blood pressure and heart disease.

As you can see, gratitude improves both mental and physical condition. If you’re interested in practicing gratitude for Thanksgiving and beyond, here are a few ways to make it routine:

· Recall three good things that happen to you each day. This may be a fun habit for you and your kids as you tuck them in at night!

· Keep a gratitude journal. Jotting down things you are grateful for is likely to change your perspective. You might see more positivity in the world around you. Looking through the pages of blessings in your life after a tough day may also be especially handy.

· Use your phone for good. We all find ourselves tied to our smart devices, so make it a priority to send a few “thank you” texts per week.

· Be self-aware of complaining. It’s easy to get drawn into a cycle of negativity when things aren’t going your way. To combat this habit, every time you complain, try to find the silver lining. When you can find the good in every situation, there is less room to fixate on the negatives of life.

Regardless of how you decide to practice gratitude, I encourage you to try it. Joshua Brown, a doctor of psychological science said it best, “Much of our time and energy is spent pursuing things we currently don’t have. Gratitude reverses our priorities to help us appreciate the people and things we do.”

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Thanksgiving is around the corner and you’ve likely experienced a range of emotions planning for the holiday. Maybe you’re excited to see family, relieved to have a day off work, or maybe you’re stressed about how much food you’ve got to prepare. Despite the good or bad feelings related to Turkey Day, have you pondered the original name of the holiday itself, “Thanksgiving?”Thanksgiving is rooted in the tradition of autumn harvest festivals. It has been celebrated for centuries, and George Washington made it an official holiday. He proclaimed that the people of the United States observe "a day of public thanksgiving and prayer."As you prepare for the big day, I challenge you to remember the origin of the holiday: gratitude. Gratitude is the readiness to show appreciation and to return kindness. Research has found that people who consciously count their blessings tend to be happier and less depressed. In fact, a study showed that people who wrote one letter of thanksgiving for three weeks reported better mental health up to three months after the exercise ended. When people focus on the good in their lives, they tend to ruminate less on their negative experiences. Gratitude not only reduces the risk of depression, but it lowers stress which is a top cause of chronic illnesses including high blood pressure and heart disease.As you can see, gratitude improves both mental and physical condition. If you’re interested in practicing gratitude for Thanksgiving and beyond, here are a few ways to make it routine:· Recall three good things that happen to you each day. This may be a fun habit for you and your kids as you tuck them in at night!· Keep a gratitude journal. Jotting down things you are grateful for is likely to change your perspective. You might see more positivity in the world around you. Looking through the pages of blessings in your life after a tough day may also be especially handy.· Use your phone for good. We all find ourselves tied to our smart devices, so make it a priority to send a few “thank you” texts per week.· Be self-aware of complaining. It’s easy to get drawn into a cycle of negativity when things aren’t going your way. To combat this habit, every time you complain, try to find the silver lining. When you can find the good in every situation, there is less room to fixate on the negatives of life.Regardless of how you decide to practice gratitude, I encourage you to try it. Joshua Brown, a doctor of psychological science said it best, “Much of our time and energy is spent pursuing things we currently don’t have. Gratitude reverses our priorities to help us appreciate the people and things we do.”Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: Thanksgiving - A day of gratitude

The USDA Meat and Poultry Hotline can personally answer your food safety questions on weekdays year-round.

The Hotline receives more than 50,000 calls yearly. This toll-free telephone service, which began July 1, 1985, helps prevent foodborne illness by answering questions about the safe storage, handling, and preparation of meat, poultry, and egg products.

Food Safety Questions? Call the USDA Meat and Poultry Hotline. If you have questions about meat, poultry, or egg products, call the USDA Meat and Poultry Hotline toll fee at 1-888-674-6854. The Hotline is open year-round Monday through Friday from 10am to 6pm Eastern time and is available in English or Spanish. Recorded food safety messages are available 24 hours a day. Check out the FSIS Web site at www.fsis.usda.gov. Send email questions to MPHotline@usda.gov.

The Hotline is staffed by food safety specialists with backgrounds in home economics, nutrition, and food technology.

The majority of calls come from consumers regarding how to properly handle their food, including food safety during power outages, food manufacturer recalls, foodborne illnesses, and the inspection of meat, poultry, and egg products.

Hotline Answers Millions of Calls! The Hotline has answered over 2 million calls as part of USDA's consumer food safety education efforts. Often the first question callers ask is, "Are you a real person?" The Hotline is one of the rare services where a live person answers callers individually specific questions one-on-one.

In the more than 35 years of operation, callers have asked the Hotline increasingly more sophisticated questions. Now they frequently know the names of bacteria many people had never heard of 10 or 20 years ago.

From novice cooks wondering how long to safely roast a chicken to more experienced food handlers asking about additives, residues, and foodborne bacteria. Hotline food safety specialists have heard it all—2 million times over.

Hotline Services Available in Spanish Beginning in 2002, the toll-free Hotline extended its service to callers whose first language is Spanish. By touching the appropriate number at the prompt, callers will be connected to a Spanish-speaking food safety specialist who can answer their questions. Callers may also listen to more than 50 food safety messages recorded in Spanish, 24 hours a day.

The Hotline is open on Thanksgiving Day from 7:00 a.m. to 1 p.m. Central Time and 8:00 a.m. to 2:00 p. m., Eastern Time, but closed on other Federal government holidays.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>The USDA Meat and Poultry Hotline can personally answer your food safety questions on weekdays year-round.The Hotline receives more than 50,000 calls yearly. This toll-free telephone service, which began July 1, 1985, helps prevent foodborne illness by answering questions about the safe storage, handling, and preparation of meat, poultry, and egg products.Food Safety Questions? Call the USDA Meat and Poultry Hotline. If you have questions about meat, poultry, or egg products, call the USDA Meat and Poultry Hotline toll fee at 1-888-674-6854. The Hotline is open year-round Monday through Friday from 10am to 6pm Eastern time and is available in English or Spanish. Recorded food safety messages are available 24 hours a day. Check out the FSIS Web site at www.fsis.usda.gov. Send email questions to MPHotline@usda.gov.The Hotline is staffed by food safety specialists with backgrounds in home economics, nutrition, and food technology.The majority of calls come from consumers regarding how to properly handle their food, including food safety during power outages, food manufacturer recalls, foodborne illnesses, and the inspection of meat, poultry, and egg products.Hotline Answers Millions of Calls! The Hotline has answered over 2 million calls as part of USDA's consumer food safety education efforts. Often the first question callers ask is, "Are you a real person?" The Hotline is one of the rare services where a live person answers callers individually specific questions one-on-one.In the more than 35 years of operation, callers have asked the Hotline increasingly more sophisticated questions. Now they frequently know the names of bacteria many people had never heard of 10 or 20 years ago.From novice cooks wondering how long to safely roast a chicken to more experienced food handlers asking about additives, residues, and foodborne bacteria. Hotline food safety specialists have heard it all—2 million times over.Hotline Services Available in Spanish Beginning in 2002, the toll-free Hotline extended its service to callers whose first language is Spanish. By touching the appropriate number at the prompt, callers will be connected to a Spanish-speaking food safety specialist who can answer their questions. Callers may also listen to more than 50 food safety messages recorded in Spanish, 24 hours a day.The Hotline is open on Thanksgiving Day from 7:00 a.m. to 1 p.m. Central Time and 8:00 a.m. to 2:00 p. m., Eastern Time, but closed on other Federal government holidays.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: USDA Meat and Poultry Hotline

By MIKE COURSON Great Bend Post

A good Thanksgiving meal likely revolves around the quality of the bird on the table. Unfortunately, cooking the perfect turkey is not as simple as throwing it in the oven on Thanksgiving morning. Fortunately, the craft of cooking a perfect bird has been fine-tuned over the years. Karissa Winkel, family and community wellness agent with K-State Research and Extension - Cottonwood District, said the process begins days in advance with the thaw.

"The best way is to thaw it in the fridge but that can take some time so you want to plan a little bit depending on how big your turkey is," she said. "For a 16-20 pound turkey to thaw, it takes four to five days."

The general rule of thumb is to allow 24 hours of thawing in the refrigerator for every four or five pounds of turkey. The bird may also be placed in a leakproof plastic bag and placed in cold water. Experts say the turkey should be completely covered with water, and the water should be changed every 30 minutes. Allow 30 minutes of thawing for each pound of turkey, and turkeys thawed this way must be cooked immediately after thawing.

Turkeys should be cooked to an internal temperature of 165°F, but the danger does not end there. Food left out for too long after the big meal also poses a threat.

"You don't want to leave any food out longer than two hours," Winkel said. "That's the 2-hour rule. If you have food out, go ahead and enjoy it, but go ahead and put it back in the fridge and let it cool."

Larger pieces of turkey should be cut into smaller sizes so it cools faster. Leftover turkey should be consumed within three to four days or placed in the freezer for longer storage.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/10/1635350563626.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By MIKE COURSON Great Bend PostA good Thanksgiving meal likely revolves around the quality of the bird on the table. Unfortunately, cooking the perfect turkey is not as simple as throwing it in the oven on Thanksgiving morning. Fortunately, the craft of cooking a perfect bird has been fine-tuned over the years. Karissa Winkel, family and community wellness agent with K-State Research and Extension - Cottonwood District, said the process begins days in advance with the thaw."The best way is to thaw it in the fridge but that can take some time so you want to plan a little bit depending on how big your turkey is," she said. "For a 16-20 pound turkey to thaw, it takes four to five days."The general rule of thumb is to allow 24 hours of thawing in the refrigerator for every four or five pounds of turkey. The bird may also be placed in a leakproof plastic bag and placed in cold water. Experts say the turkey should be completely covered with water, and the water should be changed every 30 minutes. Allow 30 minutes of thawing for each pound of turkey, and turkeys thawed this way must be cooked immediately after thawing.Turkeys should be cooked to an internal temperature of 165°F, but the danger does not end there. Food left out for too long after the big meal also poses a threat."You don't want to leave any food out longer than two hours," Winkel said. "That's the 2-hour rule. If you have food out, go ahead and enjoy it, but go ahead and put it back in the fridge and let it cool."Larger pieces of turkey should be cut into smaller sizes so it cools faster. Leftover turkey should be consumed within three to four days or placed in the freezer for longer storage.

Turkey preparation begins days before Thanksgiving

K-State Research and Extension, NW Region Extension Counties/Districts are hosting two Crop Pest Management Schools, December 5, in Colby at the City Limits Convention Center and December 6, in Russell at the Elks Lodge starting at 7:45 a.m. with registration and concluding at 5:00 PM.

Join us in-person to learn about how to control the latest pests – weeds, insects, and diseases – effecting all crops in central and western Kansas!

Commercial Applicators will earn 1 Core Hour &amp; 7 Hours for 1A, certified by Kansas Department of AG. Certified Crop Advisors (CCA) will also earn 8 Pest Management Credits. These schools would also be an excellent educational opportunity for producers!

The cost to participate is $50 if registered by November 27, after that date the fee is $75. Those wishing to participate are asked to register by Monday, November 27, by midnight. Simply go to: http://www.northwest.ksu.edu/events/crop-pest-mangagement-school or call Jeanne Falk-Jones, K-State Research and Extension, at 785-462-6281 or Craig Dinkel, at 785-472-4442.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>K-State Research and Extension, NW Region Extension Counties/Districts are hosting two Crop Pest Management Schools, December 5, in Colby at the City Limits Convention Center and December 6, in Russell at the Elks Lodge starting at 7:45 a.m. with registration and concluding at 5:00 PM.Join us in-person to learn about how to control the latest pests – weeds, insects, and diseases – effecting all crops in central and western Kansas!Commercial Applicators will earn 1 Core Hour &amp; 7 Hours for 1A, certified by Kansas Department of AG. Certified Crop Advisors (CCA) will also earn 8 Pest Management Credits. These schools would also be an excellent educational opportunity for producers!The cost to participate is $50 if registered by November 27, after that date the fee is $75. Those wishing to participate are asked to register by Monday, November 27, by midnight. Simply go to: http://www.northwest.ksu.edu/events/crop-pest-mangagement-school or call Jeanne Falk-Jones, K-State Research and Extension, at 785-462-6281 or Craig Dinkel, at 785-472-4442.

CAMPBELL: Crop pest management schools

Rural communities are wonderful places to live, work, and play which is why nearly 61 million people across the U.S. call them home! However, rural communities often face accessibility issues, healthcare provider shortages, transportation barriers, chronic disease, and larger percentages of underinsured citizens. Even though these challenges are present, rural communities are resilient, resourceful, innovative, and collaborative in addressing local challenges with creative solutions. Rural Kansas is also a great place for dedicated health professionals to deliver essential health services and provide comprehensive, individualized care.

This is why we are proud to celebrate the “Power of Rural” by supporting National Rural Health Day on November 16, 2023.

National Rural Health Day is an opportunity to bring awareness and honor to the incredible efforts of rural healthcare providers, communities, organizations, and stakeholders dedicated to addressing the unique healthcare needs of rural America. This includes the opportunity to be healthy and have access to affordable, quality health care regardless of where they call home.

Take some time today to reflect on the organizations that work hard to provide a range of health services for you and your neighbors, and take a moment to thank these providers. With them, our community is stronger, healthier, and more connected!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Rural communities are wonderful places to live, work, and play which is why nearly 61 million people across the U.S. call them home! However, rural communities often face accessibility issues, healthcare provider shortages, transportation barriers, chronic disease, and larger percentages of underinsured citizens. Even though these challenges are present, rural communities are resilient, resourceful, innovative, and collaborative in addressing local challenges with creative solutions. Rural Kansas is also a great place for dedicated health professionals to deliver essential health services and provide comprehensive, individualized care.This is why we are proud to celebrate the “Power of Rural” by supporting National Rural Health Day on November 16, 2023.National Rural Health Day is an opportunity to bring awareness and honor to the incredible efforts of rural healthcare providers, communities, organizations, and stakeholders dedicated to addressing the unique healthcare needs of rural America. This includes the opportunity to be healthy and have access to affordable, quality health care regardless of where they call home.Take some time today to reflect on the organizations that work hard to provide a range of health services for you and your neighbors, and take a moment to thank these providers. With them, our community is stronger, healthier, and more connected!Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: National Rural Health Day - Celebrating the power of rural

The Great Bend Recreation Commission will be hosting a free Stop ‘N Learn Session titled “Focus on the Stars – Cooking Healthy for the Holidays” on Wednesday, November 15, from 12:00 – 1:00 pm at the Great Bend Rec Activity Center (2715 18th&nbsp;Street).&nbsp; Join us to learn how to maintain a healthy lifestyle during the holiday season.&nbsp; Holidays are full of treats, and we want to enjoy them.&nbsp; Although it is easy to fall into a cycle of unhealthy eating during this time of year, at this Stop ‘N Learn we’ll discuss simple swaps for holiday recipes that make meals lighter without sacrificing flavors.&nbsp; Holiday recipes and samples will be provided.&nbsp; Karissa Winkel, Family and Community Wellness Agent for K-State and Extension – Cottonwood District, will be the speaker for the program.&nbsp;&nbsp;

The Great Bend Recreation Commission will be hosting a free Stop ‘N Learn Session titled “Focus on the Stars – Cooking Healthy for the Holidays” on Wednesday, November 15, from 12:00 – 1:00 pm at the Great Bend Rec Activity Center (2715 18th&nbsp;Street).&nbsp; Join us to learn how to maintain a healthy lifestyle during the holiday season.&nbsp; Holidays are full of treats, and we want to enjoy them.&nbsp; Although it is easy to fall into a cycle of unhealthy eating during this time of year, at this Stop ‘N Learn we’ll discuss simple swaps for holiday recipes that make meals lighter without sacrificing flavors.&nbsp; Holiday recipes and samples will be provided.&nbsp; Karissa Winkel, Family and Community Wellness Agent for K-State and Extension – Cottonwood District, will be the speaker for the program.&nbsp;&nbsp;

GBRC: Cooking healthy for the holidays

Save the date for the 2023 Crop Production Update, hosted by the Kansas Agribusiness Retailers Association (KARA) and in cooperation with K-State Research and Extension. The two-day event is set for December 6 and 7 at the Hilton Garden Inn, Manhattan, KS. Each day will kick off at 8:30 a.m. and conclude around 4:00 p.m. Several CCA CEUs will be offered in addition to one 1A hour and one core hour.

This training provides the latest research and technological advances in weed and insect control, fertilizer and chemical recommendations, soil fertility concerns, and much more. The agendas for each day are still being finalized and will be shared in a future eUpdate article. Stay tuned to the eUpdate and the conference website (https://www.ksagretailers.org/events-training/crop-production-update/) for registration to open and the final agendas to be released soon. K-State Research and Extension will host the 21st annual Cover Your Acres Winter Conference for crop producers and consultants on January 16 and 17. The conference will take place in the traditional in-person format at the Gateway Civic Center in Oberlin, KS.

Cover Your Acres is a producer-driven meeting focused on new ideas and research-based updates in crop production in northwest Kansas and the Central High Plains region.

The conference, which typically draws more than 400 attendees from Kansas and other states, highlights the latest technology, methods, and conservation practices to improve crop production in the region. This year’s conference will feature university specialists and industry representatives discussing what’s driving profitability in northwest Kansas farms. Confirmed session topics will include economic drivers on northwest Kansas farms, weed resistance management, cropping systems, and soil fertility management. Additional session topics and speakers are still being finalized and will be announced in an upcoming eUpdate article and on the conference website at www.northwest.ksu.edu/coveryouracres

The same programs will be offered on both days of the conference. Participants attending both days will find catching most or all of the programs easier. The sessions are followed by a social on Tuesday evening, where attendees can visit with industry representatives and conference speakers while enjoying appetizers.

Online registration is open. The fee is $55 for Tuesday, January 16, $60 for Wednesday, January 17, or $80 for both days. After January 10th, and for walk-ins, the cost is $80 per day. The conference fee includes lunch, morning and afternoon refreshments and educational

materials. The program will offer continuing education unit (CEU) credits for Certified Crop Advisors and 1A for Commercial Applicators credit.

To view the preliminary conference details, lodging accommodations, and online registration, visit www.northwest.ksu.edu/coveryouracres. For questions, call 785-462-6281.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Save the date for the 2023 Crop Production Update, hosted by the Kansas Agribusiness Retailers Association (KARA) and in cooperation with K-State Research and Extension. The two-day event is set for December 6 and 7 at the Hilton Garden Inn, Manhattan, KS. Each day will kick off at 8:30 a.m. and conclude around 4:00 p.m. Several CCA CEUs will be offered in addition to one 1A hour and one core hour.This training provides the latest research and technological advances in weed and insect control, fertilizer and chemical recommendations, soil fertility concerns, and much more. The agendas for each day are still being finalized and will be shared in a future eUpdate article. Stay tuned to the eUpdate and the conference website (https://www.ksagretailers.org/events-training/crop-production-update/) for registration to open and the final agendas to be released soon. K-State Research and Extension will host the 21st annual Cover Your Acres Winter Conference for crop producers and consultants on January 16 and 17. The conference will take place in the traditional in-person format at the Gateway Civic Center in Oberlin, KS.Cover Your Acres is a producer-driven meeting focused on new ideas and research-based updates in crop production in northwest Kansas and the Central High Plains region.The conference, which typically draws more than 400 attendees from Kansas and other states, highlights the latest technology, methods, and conservation practices to improve crop production in the region. This year’s conference will feature university specialists and industry representatives discussing what’s driving profitability in northwest Kansas farms. Confirmed session topics will include economic drivers on northwest Kansas farms, weed resistance management, cropping systems, and soil fertility management. Additional session topics and speakers are still being finalized and will be announced in an upcoming eUpdate article and on the conference website at www.northwest.ksu.edu/coveryouracresThe same programs will be offered on both days of the conference. Participants attending both days will find catching most or all of the programs easier. The sessions are followed by a social on Tuesday evening, where attendees can visit with industry representatives and conference speakers while enjoying appetizers.Online registration is open. The fee is $55 for Tuesday, January 16, $60 for Wednesday, January 17, or $80 for both days. After January 10th, and for walk-ins, the cost is $80 per day. The conference fee includes lunch, morning and afternoon refreshments and educationalmaterials. The program will offer continuing education unit (CEU) credits for Certified Crop Advisors and 1A for Commercial Applicators credit.To view the preliminary conference details, lodging accommodations, and online registration, visit www.northwest.ksu.edu/coveryouracres. For questions, call 785-462-6281.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Crop production update & Cover Your Acres Winter Conference

Last weekend, 4-H families across Barton County gathered for fun, fellowship, and celebrations!

The annual 4-H Achievement Celebration gives us an opportunity to celebrate individual and club achievements, and recognize leaders and supporters.

4-H Council officers, Landon Woydziak, Melody Braddy, and Jonas Kern were our masters of ceremony as each club had the time to highlight a few of their activities and award winners for the past year.

In addition to club awards, a few special awards are presented including the Key Award and Friends of 4-H.

The Key Award is the most prestigious Kansas 4-H Award. Candidates must be 16 years old and have been enrolled in the Leadership project for the past four years. Nominees must have demonstrated outstanding contributions in leadership, citizenship, community service, demonstrations, and the holding of club and county offices. In short, it recognizes 4-H members who have lived up to the high ideals of the 4-H Pledge. The Farm Credit Associations of Kansas proudly present these awards across the state each year and Parker Dicks is the 2023 recipient. Parker is a 10-year member of the Busy Buzzers 4-H Club and has been active in the Leadership project for four years. He has held multiple offices for his club and at the county level for 4-H Council, Junior Leaders, and the 4-H Livestock Committee. He is involved in a variety of project areas and can be counted on to mentor young 4-H members and provide a calm and steady presence in and out of the show ring.

Each 4-H Club has the opportunity to nominate someone as a Friend of 4-H. The first recipient this year is the Dustin and Aimee Wyant family. Wyants give generously of their time to assist at the county level in several project areas. In particular, they provide direction for the STEM SpaceTech project, help younger members attending STEM camp, and assist livestock members in the poultry and rabbit projects.

An additional Friend of 4-H was awarded to Connie Hughes. She was a club leader for the Ellinwood Energizers 4-H Club for a number of years and continues to support Junior Leaders through peach sales, welcome photography youth to their family farm to practice their skills, and supports 4-H at the Barton County Fair Sale of Champions. She helped to plan the Achievement Celebration for many years and mentored many youth in the Beef project.

A wonderful 4-H Council committee planned the meal and the decorations for a fun-filled evening with a delicious dinner! In this season of thanksgiving, I always end the evening by reminding 4-H members to look around them and show their appreciation to their families and club leaders for direction and support. I’ll add the same here – 4-H couldn’t provide such opportunities without dedicated volunteers, club leaders, fantastic families, and my co-workers who step in to help whenever and wherever needed!

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:mberan@ksu.edu">mberan@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

Kansas State University is committed to making its services, activities and programs accessible to all participants. If you have special requirements due to a physical, vision, or hearing disability.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Last weekend, 4-H families across Barton County gathered for fun, fellowship, and celebrations!The annual 4-H Achievement Celebration gives us an opportunity to celebrate individual and club achievements, and recognize leaders and supporters.4-H Council officers, Landon Woydziak, Melody Braddy, and Jonas Kern were our masters of ceremony as each club had the time to highlight a few of their activities and award winners for the past year.In addition to club awards, a few special awards are presented including the Key Award and Friends of 4-H.The Key Award is the most prestigious Kansas 4-H Award. Candidates must be 16 years old and have been enrolled in the Leadership project for the past four years. Nominees must have demonstrated outstanding contributions in leadership, citizenship, community service, demonstrations, and the holding of club and county offices. In short, it recognizes 4-H members who have lived up to the high ideals of the 4-H Pledge. The Farm Credit Associations of Kansas proudly present these awards across the state each year and Parker Dicks is the 2023 recipient. Parker is a 10-year member of the Busy Buzzers 4-H Club and has been active in the Leadership project for four years. He has held multiple offices for his club and at the county level for 4-H Council, Junior Leaders, and the 4-H Livestock Committee. He is involved in a variety of project areas and can be counted on to mentor young 4-H members and provide a calm and steady presence in and out of the show ring.Each 4-H Club has the opportunity to nominate someone as a Friend of 4-H. The first recipient this year is the Dustin and Aimee Wyant family. Wyants give generously of their time to assist at the county level in several project areas. In particular, they provide direction for the STEM SpaceTech project, help younger members attending STEM camp, and assist livestock members in the poultry and rabbit projects.An additional Friend of 4-H was awarded to Connie Hughes. She was a club leader for the Ellinwood Energizers 4-H Club for a number of years and continues to support Junior Leaders through peach sales, welcome photography youth to their family farm to practice their skills, and supports 4-H at the Barton County Fair Sale of Champions. She helped to plan the Achievement Celebration for many years and mentored many youth in the Beef project.A wonderful 4-H Council committee planned the meal and the decorations for a fun-filled evening with a delicious dinner! In this season of thanksgiving, I always end the evening by reminding 4-H members to look around them and show their appreciation to their families and club leaders for direction and support. I’ll add the same here – 4-H couldn’t provide such opportunities without dedicated volunteers, club leaders, fantastic families, and my co-workers who step in to help whenever and wherever needed!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:mberan@ksu.edu">mberan@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.Kansas State University is committed to making its services, activities and programs accessible to all participants. If you have special requirements due to a physical, vision, or hearing disability.

BERAN: 4-H achievement celebrations

The term “alternative feedstuff” conjures images of a variety of post-production food products (i.e. bakery waste, potato products, candy remnants, brewery waste etc.) that can be fed to livestock. However, I would contend the term would also apply to a variety of specialty or vegetable crop residues (dry beans, chili peppers etc.). Alternative feedstuffs can provide economical sources of nutrients in cattle rations.

Many alternative feeds are postproduction waste products, so it is essential to understand a variety of factors.

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What exactly is in the product?

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How is it produced?

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are there any artifacts of the production or cleaning process that would impact livestock or cattle?

It is also important to understand how the product is handled, stored and how it will be delivered to the end-user. Many low or no cost alternative feedstuffs can be difficult to handle and store which may limit the potential use of a product as a feed commodity. Another consideration is the expected shelf-life of the product and the typical volume of the product received. In some situations, the products are close to or past their “best by” date for human consumption and may need to be fed quickly.

Many waste product streams (cull vegetable produce waste, candy) also include product packaging material which may need to be removed prior to feeding. In some cases, packaging material may be fed but not fully digested and thus is present in manure, which can become unsightly in the facility or in crop fields.

If a specialty crop or vegetable residue is being evaluated, the type and application timing of any herbicides or any chemicals should also be considered. Many herbicides for specialty/vegetable crops do not consider grazing, haying or any livestock use on their labels. Evaluating the safety or potential risk associated with a specific chemical/herbicide can become challenging and thus seeking the advice of professionals with technical expertise in chemicals is advised.

Producers should request a chemical analysis of the feedstuff. The analysis should include the amount of moisture in the product (dry matter), crude protein, fiber (crude fiber, ADF: acid detergent fiber, NDF: neutral detergent fiber), starch, fat content and a mineral profile that includes both macro and microminerals preferably. Given that many of these products are by-products of a production process and not naturally-occurring they may contain disproportionate concentrations of nutrients or minerals that may potentially limit inclusion in rations. Obtaining a nutrient analysis, also facilitates the calculation of nutrient (crude protein, energy) cost per unit calculations (lb or ton, dry basis) and allows producers to accurately compare alternative feedstuffs with traditional protein or energy commodities.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>The term “alternative feedstuff” conjures images of a variety of post-production food products (i.e. bakery waste, potato products, candy remnants, brewery waste etc.) that can be fed to livestock. However, I would contend the term would also apply to a variety of specialty or vegetable crop residues (dry beans, chili peppers etc.). Alternative feedstuffs can provide economical sources of nutrients in cattle rations.Many alternative feeds are postproduction waste products, so it is essential to understand a variety of factors.·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What exactly is in the product?·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How is it produced?·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are there any artifacts of the production or cleaning process that would impact livestock or cattle?It is also important to understand how the product is handled, stored and how it will be delivered to the end-user. Many low or no cost alternative feedstuffs can be difficult to handle and store which may limit the potential use of a product as a feed commodity. Another consideration is the expected shelf-life of the product and the typical volume of the product received. In some situations, the products are close to or past their “best by” date for human consumption and may need to be fed quickly.Many waste product streams (cull vegetable produce waste, candy) also include product packaging material which may need to be removed prior to feeding. In some cases, packaging material may be fed but not fully digested and thus is present in manure, which can become unsightly in the facility or in crop fields.If a specialty crop or vegetable residue is being evaluated, the type and application timing of any herbicides or any chemicals should also be considered. Many herbicides for specialty/vegetable crops do not consider grazing, haying or any livestock use on their labels. Evaluating the safety or potential risk associated with a specific chemical/herbicide can become challenging and thus seeking the advice of professionals with technical expertise in chemicals is advised.Producers should request a chemical analysis of the feedstuff. The analysis should include the amount of moisture in the product (dry matter), crude protein, fiber (crude fiber, ADF: acid detergent fiber, NDF: neutral detergent fiber), starch, fat content and a mineral profile that includes both macro and microminerals preferably. Given that many of these products are by-products of a production process and not naturally-occurring they may contain disproportionate concentrations of nutrients or minerals that may potentially limit inclusion in rations. Obtaining a nutrient analysis, also facilitates the calculation of nutrient (crude protein, energy) cost per unit calculations (lb or ton, dry basis) and allows producers to accurately compare alternative feedstuffs with traditional protein or energy commodities.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Research and Extension is a short name for the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, a program designed to generate and distribute useful knowledge for the well-being of Kansans. Supported by county, state, federal and private funds, the program has county Extension offices, experiment fields, area Extension offices and regional research centers statewide. Its headquarters is on the K-State campus in Manhattan.&nbsp;K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Alternative feedstuff can provide sources of nutrients

Mustard plants such as field pennycress, bushy wallflower, flixweed, tansy mustard, and blue mustard in wheat fields often are not noticed until the mustards start to bloom in the spring. As a result, farmers often do not think about control until that time. Although it is possible to get some control with spring herbicide applications, mustards are much more difficult to control once they have flowered and often have already reduced wheat yields by then.

To minimize yield losses, mustards should be controlled by late winter or very early spring before the stems begin to elongate or bolt. If mustards are present in the fall, they can be controlled by various active ingredients. You can look for products containing Group 2 ALS-inhibiting herbicides.

Most ALS-inhibiting herbicides control winter annual mustards very well. However, there are populations of bushy wall flower (treacle mustard) and flixweed in Kansas that are ALS-resistant and cannot be controlled by these products. Alternative herbicides will be needed to control these populations. Also, be aware that some of the Group 2 herbicides have long rotation intervals to other crops.

Group 27 herbicides can control ALS-resistant mustards. Other options to control ALS-resistant mustards are Group 4 herbicides.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Mustard plants such as field pennycress, bushy wallflower, flixweed, tansy mustard, and blue mustard in wheat fields often are not noticed until the mustards start to bloom in the spring. As a result, farmers often do not think about control until that time. Although it is possible to get some control with spring herbicide applications, mustards are much more difficult to control once they have flowered and often have already reduced wheat yields by then.To minimize yield losses, mustards should be controlled by late winter or very early spring before the stems begin to elongate or bolt. If mustards are present in the fall, they can be controlled by various active ingredients. You can look for products containing Group 2 ALS-inhibiting herbicides.Most ALS-inhibiting herbicides control winter annual mustards very well. However, there are populations of bushy wall flower (treacle mustard) and flixweed in Kansas that are ALS-resistant and cannot be controlled by these products. Alternative herbicides will be needed to control these populations. Also, be aware that some of the Group 2 herbicides have long rotation intervals to other crops.Group 27 herbicides can control ALS-resistant mustards. Other options to control ALS-resistant mustards are Group 4 herbicides.Group 27 and Group 4 herbicides have little to no residual activity, thus will only control weeds that have emerged and are actively growing. Applying them with fertilizer in January or February when weeds are dormant will not provide good mustard control. In addition, special care should be taken to ensure wheat is fully tillered when 2,4-D is applied to avoid reducing tillering.In the late winter or early spring, blue mustard is perhaps the most difficult of the winter annual broadleaf weeds to control because it bolts very early. To be effective on blue mustard, herbicides typically need to be applied in late February or early March. Blue mustard is more difficult to control than tansy mustard with 2,4-D because blue mustard has often already bolted by the time 2,4-D can be safely applied to wheat. Thus, 2,4-D is often applied too late to be effective on blue mustard.Flixweed and tansy mustard should be treated when they are no larger than two to three inches across and two to three inches tall. As these plants become larger, control decreases dramatically. Ester formulations of 2,4-D and MCPA are more effective on tansy mustard and flixweed than amine formulations. Field pennycress is easier to control than tansy mustard or flixweed. Herbicide applications made before the pennycress bolts are usually effective.Crop rotation with corn, grain sorghum, soybeans, or sunflowers is a good way of managing mustards as long as they are controlled in the spring before producing seeds. Crop rotation will usually result in a gradual reduction of mustard populations in the future as the seedbank in the soil decreases.Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.