With the 2025 wheat harvest in full swing it is time to think about weed control in wheat stubble. When soil moisture conditions are favorable, weeds that have been suppressed by the canopy will grow rapidly once crop competition is removed. In addition, weeds that have emerged through the wheat canopy will be damaged during harvest and will quickly begin regrowth. Delaying control can result in lost soil moisture that could be used for crop production, as well as weed seed production, which will cause difficulties in the future.

When thinking about weed control in wheat stubble, there are two priorities – controlling already emerged weeds and preventing later flushes. Making applications before weeds exceed 4 to 6 inches is necessary for good control of already emerged weeds. Residual herbicides are necessary to reduce the number of herbicide applications required to control multiple flushes of weeds.

Despite a growing number of herbicide-resistant weeds, glyphosate plus 2,4-D LVE and/or dicamba continue to be important for weed control in wheat stubble. However, these herbicides alone are not likely to provide adequate control of pigweeds or kochia, especially when applied in the hot, dry conditions that are common after wheat harvest. Some herbicide options commonly used to control weeds after wheat harvest are listed.

Paraquat (Gramoxone, others) is a Group 22 herbicide that can work well in place of glyphosate for nonselective control of emerged pigweed and kochia. If planning to plant corn or sorghum next spring, a tank mix of paraquat with atrazine (Group 5) will enhance the control of emerged weeds and provide some residual weed control. Atrazine labels have recently changed such that the only noncrop uses of atrazine permitted are for wheat stubble in wheat-fallow-wheat, wheat-corn-fallow, and wheat-sorghum-fallow rotations.

Metribuzin is another Group 5 herbicide that can be used instead of atrazine to enhance control and provide some residual activity.

One final note regarding paraquat. Limited research out of Australia suggests applying paraquat 2 weeks after a glyphosate application will increase weed control. This is called a ‘double knock’ strategy. This information is included here not as a recommendation per se, but to encourage careful thought about when you want to utilize contact herbicides in your fallow weed management system. If paraquat were sprayed with or before glyphosate, the rapid damage to leaf tissue with prevent uptake and translocation of glyphosate. However, if a glyphosate application partially controls weeds, there will be sufficient leaf area 2 weeks after application for paraquat to be effective.

Saflufenacil (Sharpen), a Group 14 herbicide applied at one to two fluid ounces per acre, is an option to provide postemergence and short-term residual control of Palmer amaranth, kochia, and other broadleaf weeds.

Tiafenacil (Reviton) is a Group 14 very similar to Sharpen in terms of weed control and adjuvant use.

Flumioxazin (Valor, others) is a Group 14 herbicide that can be added to burndown treatments at rates of one to four fluid ounces per acre for activity on emerged broadleaf weeds and some residual activity on broadleaf and grass weeds in wheat stubble. Flumioxazin can be mixed with glyphosate or clethodim (Select Max) for enhanced grass control. It can also be mixed with 2,4-D, atrazine, metribuzin, or paraquat.

Another group 14 herbicide that can be considered is sulfentrazone (Spartan, others). Sulfentrazone can be applied to stubble and will control Palmer amaranth and kochia as well as other broadleaf weeds and some grasses. Of the Group 14 herbicides discussed, flumioxazin and sulfentrazone provide the greatest residual activity; however, saflufenacil provides greater postemergence kochia control than flumioxazin. Research to evaluate Palmer amaranth control in wheat stubble was conducted in Hays during 2019 and 2020. Herbicides were applied approximately 3 weeks after harvest to Palmer amaranth that was two to three feet tall. Palmer amaranth control 4 weeks after application in general, treatments that included paraquat (Gramoxone) resulted in the greatest Palmer amaranth control.

Information provided by K-State weed control specialists.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>With the 2025 wheat harvest in full swing it is time to think about weed control in wheat stubble. When soil moisture conditions are favorable, weeds that have been suppressed by the canopy will grow rapidly once crop competition is removed. In addition, weeds that have emerged through the wheat canopy will be damaged during harvest and will quickly begin regrowth. Delaying control can result in lost soil moisture that could be used for crop production, as well as weed seed production, which will cause difficulties in the future.When thinking about weed control in wheat stubble, there are two priorities – controlling already emerged weeds and preventing later flushes. Making applications before weeds exceed 4 to 6 inches is necessary for good control of already emerged weeds. Residual herbicides are necessary to reduce the number of herbicide applications required to control multiple flushes of weeds.Despite a growing number of herbicide-resistant weeds, glyphosate plus 2,4-D LVE and/or dicamba continue to be important for weed control in wheat stubble. However, these herbicides alone are not likely to provide adequate control of pigweeds or kochia, especially when applied in the hot, dry conditions that are common after wheat harvest. Some herbicide options commonly used to control weeds after wheat harvest are listed.Paraquat (Gramoxone, others) is a Group 22 herbicide that can work well in place of glyphosate for nonselective control of emerged pigweed and kochia. If planning to plant corn or sorghum next spring, a tank mix of paraquat with atrazine (Group 5) will enhance the control of emerged weeds and provide some residual weed control. Atrazine labels have recently changed such that the only noncrop uses of atrazine permitted are for wheat stubble in wheat-fallow-wheat, wheat-corn-fallow, and wheat-sorghum-fallow rotations.Metribuzin is another Group 5 herbicide that can be used instead of atrazine to enhance control and provide some residual activity.One final note regarding paraquat. Limited research out of Australia suggests applying paraquat 2 weeks after a glyphosate application will increase weed control. This is called a ‘double knock’ strategy. This information is included here not as a recommendation per se, but to encourage careful thought about when you want to utilize contact herbicides in your fallow weed management system. If paraquat were sprayed with or before glyphosate, the rapid damage to leaf tissue with prevent uptake and translocation of glyphosate. However, if a glyphosate application partially controls weeds, there will be sufficient leaf area 2 weeks after application for paraquat to be effective.Saflufenacil (Sharpen), a Group 14 herbicide applied at one to two fluid ounces per acre, is an option to provide postemergence and short-term residual control of Palmer amaranth, kochia, and other broadleaf weeds.Tiafenacil (Reviton) is a Group 14 very similar to Sharpen in terms of weed control and adjuvant use.Flumioxazin (Valor, others) is a Group 14 herbicide that can be added to burndown treatments at rates of one to four fluid ounces per acre for activity on emerged broadleaf weeds and some residual activity on broadleaf and grass weeds in wheat stubble. Flumioxazin can be mixed with glyphosate or clethodim (Select Max) for enhanced grass control. It can also be mixed with 2,4-D, atrazine, metribuzin, or paraquat.Another group 14 herbicide that can be considered is sulfentrazone (Spartan, others). Sulfentrazone can be applied to stubble and will control Palmer amaranth and kochia as well as other broadleaf weeds and some grasses. Of the Group 14 herbicides discussed, flumioxazin and sulfentrazone provide the greatest residual activity; however, saflufenacil provides greater postemergence kochia control than flumioxazin. Research to evaluate Palmer amaranth control in wheat stubble was conducted in Hays during 2019 and 2020. Herbicides were applied approximately 3 weeks after harvest to Palmer amaranth that was two to three feet tall. Palmer amaranth control 4 weeks after application in general, treatments that included paraquat (Gramoxone) resulted in the greatest Palmer amaranth control.Information provided by K-State weed control specialists.

CAMPBELL: Post-harvest weed control strategies for wheat stubble

By COLE REIF Great Bend Post

It’s a “Barnyard Mardi Gras” at the Expo Complex through the rest of the
weekend. The Barton County Fair still has plenty of events through Sunday
during the 34th annual fair.


Michelle Beran, with the Cottonwood Extension District, said there are all
kinds of livestock shows starting Saturday.


"There will be mutton bustin' that the Fair Board puts on," said Beran. "Our horse-riding class will happen Saturday morning too. We invite you all on Sunday to come out for the animal round robin. That's our top showmen and women of each age category for each species. They compete against one another in an activity."

The 4-H Horse Show in the outdoor arena begins at 8 a.m. Saturday. A painting
class starts at 9 a.m. The tractor pull gets underway at 11 a.m. and car show
from 12 p.m. to 4 p.m. The carnival will again start at 6 p.m. Musical
entertainment begins at 7:30 p.m.


Find a full list of Barton County Fair events and times by clicking <a href="https://www.bartoncountyfair.com/_files/ugd/f23a69_b6b72738d7a840848f54673a231bb673.pdf">HERE</a>.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/6/1750959324263.jpeg" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>By COLE REIF Great Bend PostIt’s a “Barnyard Mardi Gras” at the Expo Complex through the rest of the
weekend. The Barton County Fair still has plenty of events through Sunday
during the 34th annual fair.
Michelle Beran, with the Cottonwood Extension District, said there are all
kinds of livestock shows starting Saturday.
"There will be mutton bustin' that the Fair Board puts on," said Beran. "Our horse-riding class will happen Saturday morning too. We invite you all on Sunday to come out for the animal round robin. That's our top showmen and women of each age category for each species. They compete against one another in an activity."The 4-H Horse Show in the outdoor arena begins at 8 a.m. Saturday. A painting
class starts at 9 a.m. The tractor pull gets underway at 11 a.m. and car show
from 12 p.m. to 4 p.m. The carnival will again start at 6 p.m. Musical
entertainment begins at 7:30 p.m.
Find a full list of Barton County Fair events and times by clicking <a href="https://www.bartoncountyfair.com/_files/ugd/f23a69_b6b72738d7a840848f54673a231bb673.pdf">HERE</a>.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;

Full of events this weekend at Barton County Fair

Recent warming temperatures and wet weather patterns have created ideal conditions for mosquitoes, said Kansas State University entomologist Raymond Cloyd.&nbsp;

“There are a lot of situations (near the home) where standing water is around,” he said. “We need to be aware of mosquitoes.”&nbsp;

Cloyd suggests clearing out the breeding environments used by mosquitoes to help mitigate their numbers near homes.&nbsp;

“The way we approach mosquito management is source reduction, that is, remove all stagnant water from bird baths, old tires, wheelbarrows, or anything that holds water for an extended period of time,” he said.&nbsp;

Other ways to get rid of mosquito breeding grounds, according to the K-State Research and Extension publication,&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/mosquitoes-and-west-nile-virus_MF2571.pdf">Pests That Affect Human Health: Mosquitoes and West Nile Virus</a>: &nbsp;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Eliminate artificial water-holding containers. If that is not possible, empty buckets, cans, bottles, used tires and other containers at least once a week. &nbsp; ·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Fill or drain tree holes, stumps and puddles. &nbsp; ·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Irrigate gardens and lawns carefully to prevent water standing for more than a few days.  &nbsp;·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Check for water trapped in plastic covers on boats and swimming pools. &nbsp; ·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Make sure rain gutters are clean and do not hold water.  &nbsp;

People can also use a wide variety of repellents to lessen the presence of female mosquitoes during the times they’re most active, according to Cloyd. &nbsp;

“If you're going to be out at dusk and dawn, spray your body with a repellent such as DEET, Picaridin or IR3535,” he said. &nbsp;

Permethrin acts as another form of female mosquito control that affects them directly, but it must be applied properly to ensure human safety.&nbsp;

“Permethrin is an insecticide, but you don't spray it on your skin,” Cloyd said. “You spray it just on your clothing. When you come back inside take a shower (after application).”&nbsp;

Mosquito management can also occur during the early phases of the insect’s life cycle using a larvicide in the form of mosquito dunks or bits.&nbsp;

“You can put mosquito dunks and bits in water to kill mosquitos in the larval stage,” Cloyd said. They're completely harmless to pets and fish; all they kill is mosquito larva. So if you have a pond that's not agitated or a bird bath you don't want to change, you can throw in these mosquito dunks or bits. They'll eat it then they’ll die.”&nbsp;

He added: “Dunks and bits are stomach poisons that contain the active ingredient,&nbsp;Bacillus thuringienesis (subspecies&nbsp;kurstaki, or Btk).&nbsp;Btk&nbsp;is a soil-borne bacterium that only kills mosquito larvae. It will manage mosquito larval populations for one to four weeks after application.”&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Recent warming temperatures and wet weather patterns have created ideal conditions for mosquitoes, said Kansas State University entomologist Raymond Cloyd.&nbsp;“There are a lot of situations (near the home) where standing water is around,” he said. “We need to be aware of mosquitoes.”&nbsp;Cloyd suggests clearing out the breeding environments used by mosquitoes to help mitigate their numbers near homes.&nbsp;“The way we approach mosquito management is source reduction, that is, remove all stagnant water from bird baths, old tires, wheelbarrows, or anything that holds water for an extended period of time,” he said.&nbsp;Other ways to get rid of mosquito breeding grounds, according to the K-State Research and Extension publication,&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/mosquitoes-and-west-nile-virus_MF2571.pdf">Pests That Affect Human Health: Mosquitoes and West Nile Virus</a>: &nbsp;·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Eliminate artificial water-holding containers. If that is not possible, empty buckets, cans, bottles, used tires and other containers at least once a week. &nbsp; ·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Fill or drain tree holes, stumps and puddles. &nbsp; ·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Irrigate gardens and lawns carefully to prevent water standing for more than a few days.  &nbsp;·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Check for water trapped in plastic covers on boats and swimming pools. &nbsp; ·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Make sure rain gutters are clean and do not hold water.  &nbsp;People can also use a wide variety of repellents to lessen the presence of female mosquitoes during the times they’re most active, according to Cloyd. &nbsp;“If you're going to be out at dusk and dawn, spray your body with a repellent such as DEET, Picaridin or IR3535,” he said. &nbsp;Permethrin acts as another form of female mosquito control that affects them directly, but it must be applied properly to ensure human safety.&nbsp;“Permethrin is an insecticide, but you don't spray it on your skin,” Cloyd said. “You spray it just on your clothing. When you come back inside take a shower (after application).”&nbsp;Mosquito management can also occur during the early phases of the insect’s life cycle using a larvicide in the form of mosquito dunks or bits.&nbsp;“You can put mosquito dunks and bits in water to kill mosquitos in the larval stage,” Cloyd said. They're completely harmless to pets and fish; all they kill is mosquito larva. So if you have a pond that's not agitated or a bird bath you don't want to change, you can throw in these mosquito dunks or bits. They'll eat it then they’ll die.”&nbsp;He added: “Dunks and bits are stomach poisons that contain the active ingredient,&nbsp;Bacillus thuringienesis (subspecies&nbsp;kurstaki, or Btk).&nbsp;Btk&nbsp;is a soil-borne bacterium that only kills mosquito larvae. It will manage mosquito larval populations for one to four weeks after application.”&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Ideal conditions for mosquitoes 

Recent studies continue to confirm what physiologists and geriatricians have been saying for years: your handshake could be a window into your well-being.

Grip strength is measured using a dynamometer, a simple device that calculates the force exerted by your hand. While traditionally associated with athletes or manual laborers, researchers now recognize its broader implications. A 2024 review in The Lancet Healthy Longevity reaffirmed that lower grip strength is correlated with higher risks of cardiovascular disease, cognitive decline, and even premature death.

Why does this matter? Because strength tends to decline with age, and grip strength often drops first. But if your hands are strong, you can do more, lift more and stay independent!

Unlike more complex diagnostics, grip strength is easy to test anywhere. For older adults, weak grip strength has been linked to decreased mobility, greater risk of falls, and longer hospital stays.

But this isn’t just about the elderly. In younger populations, poor grip strength can point to sedentary lifestyles, poor nutrition, or early signs of chronic conditions. One 2023 study from McMaster University found that teenagers with below average grip strength were more likely to develop metabolic disorders in early adulthood.

We can also look at grip strength in children. Children with lower grip strength are more likely to have higher body fat percentages, lower levels of physical activity, and an increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular problems later in life. In 2023, a large-scale study published in Pediatrics examined over 4,000 children age 6 to 17 and found a strong correlation between grip strength and markers of cardiometabolic health such as blood pressure and insulin sensitivity.

Several studies have documented a decline in grip strength among children over the past few decades, likely due to more sedentary lifestyles and increased screen time. One British study comparing grip strength in 10-year-olds in 1998 and 2014 found a 20% decline over that period. Poor grip strength in children can also affect fine motor skills like writing, using scissors, tying shoelaces—skills critical to academic success and independence.

The good news? Grip strength is highly trainable. Simple resistance exercises such as squeezing a stress ball, carrying groceries without assistance, or doing deadlifts and pull-ups can all help improve hand strength. What does this look like in children? Activities like climbing, monkey bars, tug of war, and even modeling clay can boost hand strength.

Building strength is valuable at every age, and even basic routines lay the foundation for lifelong health. Grip strength may not make headlines often, but paying attention to it now could be the key to preventing larger health challenges later.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Recent studies continue to confirm what physiologists and geriatricians have been saying for years: your handshake could be a window into your well-being.Grip strength is measured using a dynamometer, a simple device that calculates the force exerted by your hand. While traditionally associated with athletes or manual laborers, researchers now recognize its broader implications. A 2024 review in The Lancet Healthy Longevity reaffirmed that lower grip strength is correlated with higher risks of cardiovascular disease, cognitive decline, and even premature death.Why does this matter? Because strength tends to decline with age, and grip strength often drops first. But if your hands are strong, you can do more, lift more and stay independent!Unlike more complex diagnostics, grip strength is easy to test anywhere. For older adults, weak grip strength has been linked to decreased mobility, greater risk of falls, and longer hospital stays.But this isn’t just about the elderly. In younger populations, poor grip strength can point to sedentary lifestyles, poor nutrition, or early signs of chronic conditions. One 2023 study from McMaster University found that teenagers with below average grip strength were more likely to develop metabolic disorders in early adulthood.We can also look at grip strength in children. Children with lower grip strength are more likely to have higher body fat percentages, lower levels of physical activity, and an increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular problems later in life. In 2023, a large-scale study published in Pediatrics examined over 4,000 children age 6 to 17 and found a strong correlation between grip strength and markers of cardiometabolic health such as blood pressure and insulin sensitivity.Several studies have documented a decline in grip strength among children over the past few decades, likely due to more sedentary lifestyles and increased screen time. One British study comparing grip strength in 10-year-olds in 1998 and 2014 found a 20% decline over that period. Poor grip strength in children can also affect fine motor skills like writing, using scissors, tying shoelaces—skills critical to academic success and independence.The good news? Grip strength is highly trainable. Simple resistance exercises such as squeezing a stress ball, carrying groceries without assistance, or doing deadlifts and pull-ups can all help improve hand strength. What does this look like in children? Activities like climbing, monkey bars, tug of war, and even modeling clay can boost hand strength.Building strength is valuable at every age, and even basic routines lay the foundation for lifelong health. Grip strength may not make headlines often, but paying attention to it now could be the key to preventing larger health challenges later.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: Grip strength - what your hands say about your health

The theme of the 2025 Barton County Fair is Barnyard Mardi Gras and we have already started the fun with a couple of pre-fair events!

Saturday kicked off our Fashion Revue, Sewing &amp; Textiles, and Fiber Arts judging. These are lifetime skills that go well beyond sewing a straight seam. Learning to coordinate clothing that fits well, complements your body and style, is appropriate for a specific environment, and works within your budget are skills that many of us continue to use. Hobbies such as crochet, knitting, macramé, or needle arts provide creative outlets and beautiful handmade gifts for others. I learned to crochet from my grandmother as a child and had several crochet projects exhibit at the Kansas State Fair as my skills improved. It is still an activity that I enjoy and I love carrying on my Grandmother’s tradition of gifting baby blankets to friends and family.

Our 4-H Dog Show occurred on Sunday afternoon! Our six competitors have worked hard to build a team with their dog. We’ll have a poster at the fair with photos and results so be sure to check it out.

Wednesday will begin early with exhibit check in and our 4-H Foods judging starts at 8:30. Four judges will work through well over 130 entries! The4-H members must know their recipe well and be able to tell the judge about their process whether they are a little one making snack mix or an accomplished one making macarons or a chiffon cake. Learning to read a recipe, understanding time and temperature requirements, practicing measuring, and using good food safety practices are skills for a whole life!

Wednesday will also have judging for Visual Arts. I am absolutely not crafty or artistic but I love the creativity on display! We will also have the Rabbit and Poultry shows.

Thursday is another whirlwind day of judging many project areas as well as the Business Appreciation Breakfast. The morning starts off with the swine show and ends with the bucket calf show with the horse halter classes in the afternoon.

Friday morning starts with the dairy goat show followed by the meat goat and sheep show. This is a great day to check out all of the fair entries as everything

will have been judged! The day ends with the 4-H Beef Show which is one of my favorite events.

Saturday is Kids’ Day at the fair! There are LOTS of open class livestock shows, the 4-H Horse riding classes, and a world of other events happening throughout the day. Be sure to check out the 4-H Fashion Revue at 6 pm on the stage in Expo II followed by several 4-H youth sharing a variety of talents!

Join us on Sunday for Round Robin. The top showmen and women in each of the 4-H species have the opportunity to show off their skills beginning with the small animal Round Robin at 10 which includes bucket calf, dog, dairy goat, rabbit, and poultry. This will be followed by the large animal Round Robin with beef, swine, sheep, goats, and horse. The Barton County Fair Association will host a Celebrity Livestock Showmanship contest at 1:30 which is always a lot of fun! The 4-H Awards begin about 2 followed by the 4-H Premium Auction for the Sale of Champions which includes each livestock species as well as several top-placing foods items!

While we are deep in fair activities here, 4-H Shooting Sports member, Madison Gaddis, will be competing at the National 4-H Shooting Sports competition as part of the Kansas team! We wish her well and can’t wait to see results.

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!

Michelle Beran is the Family and Community Wellness agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

All Kansas Extension education programs and materials are available to all individuals without discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age or disability.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668177490614.jpeg" alt="written by: Michelle Beran - Family and Community Wellness agent in the Cottonwood Extension District " />
 <figcaption>written by: Michelle Beran - Family and Community Wellness agent in the Cottonwood Extension District </figcaption>
 </figure>The theme of the 2025 Barton County Fair is Barnyard Mardi Gras and we have already started the fun with a couple of pre-fair events!Saturday kicked off our Fashion Revue, Sewing &amp; Textiles, and Fiber Arts judging. These are lifetime skills that go well beyond sewing a straight seam. Learning to coordinate clothing that fits well, complements your body and style, is appropriate for a specific environment, and works within your budget are skills that many of us continue to use. Hobbies such as crochet, knitting, macramé, or needle arts provide creative outlets and beautiful handmade gifts for others. I learned to crochet from my grandmother as a child and had several crochet projects exhibit at the Kansas State Fair as my skills improved. It is still an activity that I enjoy and I love carrying on my Grandmother’s tradition of gifting baby blankets to friends and family.Our 4-H Dog Show occurred on Sunday afternoon! Our six competitors have worked hard to build a team with their dog. We’ll have a poster at the fair with photos and results so be sure to check it out.Wednesday will begin early with exhibit check in and our 4-H Foods judging starts at 8:30. Four judges will work through well over 130 entries! The4-H members must know their recipe well and be able to tell the judge about their process whether they are a little one making snack mix or an accomplished one making macarons or a chiffon cake. Learning to read a recipe, understanding time and temperature requirements, practicing measuring, and using good food safety practices are skills for a whole life!Wednesday will also have judging for Visual Arts. I am absolutely not crafty or artistic but I love the creativity on display! We will also have the Rabbit and Poultry shows.Thursday is another whirlwind day of judging many project areas as well as the Business Appreciation Breakfast. The morning starts off with the swine show and ends with the bucket calf show with the horse halter classes in the afternoon.Friday morning starts with the dairy goat show followed by the meat goat and sheep show. This is a great day to check out all of the fair entries as everythingwill have been judged! The day ends with the 4-H Beef Show which is one of my favorite events.Saturday is Kids’ Day at the fair! There are LOTS of open class livestock shows, the 4-H Horse riding classes, and a world of other events happening throughout the day. Be sure to check out the 4-H Fashion Revue at 6 pm on the stage in Expo II followed by several 4-H youth sharing a variety of talents!Join us on Sunday for Round Robin. The top showmen and women in each of the 4-H species have the opportunity to show off their skills beginning with the small animal Round Robin at 10 which includes bucket calf, dog, dairy goat, rabbit, and poultry. This will be followed by the large animal Round Robin with beef, swine, sheep, goats, and horse. The Barton County Fair Association will host a Celebrity Livestock Showmanship contest at 1:30 which is always a lot of fun! The 4-H Awards begin about 2 followed by the 4-H Premium Auction for the Sale of Champions which includes each livestock species as well as several top-placing foods items!While we are deep in fair activities here, 4-H Shooting Sports member, Madison Gaddis, will be competing at the National 4-H Shooting Sports competition as part of the Kansas team! We wish her well and can’t wait to see results.Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is the Family and Community Wellness agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.All Kansas Extension education programs and materials are available to all individuals without discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age or disability.

BERAN: It’s Fair time in Barton County

Through the year’s agriculture, conservation and overall land management has gone through phases with each phase having its’ buzzwords, promoters, detractors, research objectives - well, you get the point. Some promoters will always feel like they’ve just unleashed the silver bullet to cure all the planet’s woes. Spoiler alert, none of them have! For the most part each phase has brought some improvements and certainly more tools for farmers, ranchers and land managers to consider and use. But no single one is the cure all panacea that will work for everyone.

Soil health has certainly risen to a prominent buzzword in our society. Soil health is a broad category for many different things that are actually quite important. In searching for a good definition of soil health, and there are many out there. I found some that were way out there. Others were restrictive and may work for certain soils in certain ecosystems, some were very vague. Many definitions were tailored for a very specific form of agriculture, i.e. no-till, organic, natural, etc.

One of the top choices came from the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) at USDA. Quoting from their web site, “Soil health, also referred to as soil quality, is defined as the continued capacity of soil to function as a vital living ecosystem that sustains plants, animals, and humans.” They go on to point out that soil isn’t just some sterile rooting medium but is rather a living functioning ecosystem of its’ own.

Many people don’t realize how alive soil is! There is so much life in the soil, much of it invisible to the naked eye. Bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and many other organisms make up a valuable part of the soil mass and we often only see hints of it.

Defining soil health is fairly easy. Measuring it is another story however. There are many soil organisms that have not been discovered yet, that are important, or we know they are there but we don’t know what they do. We truly have so much we need to learn. Perhaps the best measure of soil health is by how well plants grow, by how productive the soil is, or by how sustainable the practices. Soil health is likely something we measure indirectly.

Soil health can, and does, change over time. How we farm, how we garden, how we tend our lawn, can all impact that soil health. We can compact soil with heavy equipment. We can tear it up and turn it over with construction or recreation. The plants we grow on it, the nutrients we add to it, the organic matter we allow to develop in it, even the rainfall or irrigation it receives, are all things that can improve or hurt soil health. If you haven’t yet heard about soil health, you eventually will. I doubt that we’ll come up with a simple way of measuring soil health in my life time. But we need to remember that soil health isn’t an end goal but an ongoing journey.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Through the year’s agriculture, conservation and overall land management has gone through phases with each phase having its’ buzzwords, promoters, detractors, research objectives - well, you get the point. Some promoters will always feel like they’ve just unleashed the silver bullet to cure all the planet’s woes. Spoiler alert, none of them have! For the most part each phase has brought some improvements and certainly more tools for farmers, ranchers and land managers to consider and use. But no single one is the cure all panacea that will work for everyone.Soil health has certainly risen to a prominent buzzword in our society. Soil health is a broad category for many different things that are actually quite important. In searching for a good definition of soil health, and there are many out there. I found some that were way out there. Others were restrictive and may work for certain soils in certain ecosystems, some were very vague. Many definitions were tailored for a very specific form of agriculture, i.e. no-till, organic, natural, etc.One of the top choices came from the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) at USDA. Quoting from their web site, “Soil health, also referred to as soil quality, is defined as the continued capacity of soil to function as a vital living ecosystem that sustains plants, animals, and humans.” They go on to point out that soil isn’t just some sterile rooting medium but is rather a living functioning ecosystem of its’ own.Many people don’t realize how alive soil is! There is so much life in the soil, much of it invisible to the naked eye. Bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and many other organisms make up a valuable part of the soil mass and we often only see hints of it.Defining soil health is fairly easy. Measuring it is another story however. There are many soil organisms that have not been discovered yet, that are important, or we know they are there but we don’t know what they do. We truly have so much we need to learn. Perhaps the best measure of soil health is by how well plants grow, by how productive the soil is, or by how sustainable the practices. Soil health is likely something we measure indirectly.Soil health can, and does, change over time. How we farm, how we garden, how we tend our lawn, can all impact that soil health. We can compact soil with heavy equipment. We can tear it up and turn it over with construction or recreation. The plants we grow on it, the nutrients we add to it, the organic matter we allow to develop in it, even the rainfall or irrigation it receives, are all things that can improve or hurt soil health. If you haven’t yet heard about soil health, you eventually will. I doubt that we’ll come up with a simple way of measuring soil health in my life time. But we need to remember that soil health isn’t an end goal but an ongoing journey.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Soil health

It might seem like a simple, everyday movement, but the ability to get up and down off the floor is one of the strongest indicators of overall health, mobility, and longevity. As people age or become less active, this basic movement often becomes harder—but maintaining it can have powerful health benefits that extend far beyond convenience.

Getting on and off the floor requires a combination of strength, coordination, flexibility, and balance. It engages major muscle groups—especially in the legs, core and hips—while also testing joint mobility and motor control. Regularly performing this movement acts as a functional fitness test, revealing how well your body works as a unit.

According to a study published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, researchers found that people who could sit and rise from the floor without using their hands had significantly lower risks of mortality. This movement is essentially a snapshot of physical capability and resilience. The easier and more confidently you can do it, the more likely your musculoskeletal system is functioning optimally.

One of the major health risks for older adults is falling. In fact, falls are a leading cause of injury-related death in people over 65. The ability to get up from the floor doesn’t just mean avoiding injury; it also means recovering quickly if a fall does occur. Being able to stand up without assistance reduces the fear and consequences of falling, promoting confidence and independence.

Incorporating floor-based movements into regular workouts can improve proprioception (the body’s ability to sense its position in space), which helps prevent instability and accidents. Simple exercises like Turkish gets-ups, deep squats, or even sitting cross-legged the floor and standing back up can improve this vital skill over time.

When you move from the floor to standing, your body uses a range of joints—ankles, knees, hips, shoulders, and the spine. Keeping these joints mobile and strong helps prevent stiffness, improves posture, and supports better functional movement patterns. Motion is lotion!

Additionally, core engagement is critical during the transition. Strengthening the core isn’t just about aesthetics—it plays a vital role in stabilizing the spine and supportin daily activities. Getting off the floor naturally trains these muscles in a way that mimics real-world needs.

Modern lifestyles often involve prolonged sitting in chairs, leading to poor posture and reduced mobility. Getting on the floor to play with kids, stretch, or simply read can reintroduce natural movement patterns that are often mission from daily routines. Even just sitting cross-legged or in a squat position periodically helps to maintain hip mobility and spine alignment.

Though it may seem basic, the act of getting gup and down off the floor is a full-body movement that offers significant health insights and benefits. It supports longevity, mobility, independence, and injury prevention. Making this movement a regular part of your life—either through exercise or everyday activities—can help you stay active, capable, and confident as you age.

Stay tuned, next week we will discuss another marker of health and longevity!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>It might seem like a simple, everyday movement, but the ability to get up and down off the floor is one of the strongest indicators of overall health, mobility, and longevity. As people age or become less active, this basic movement often becomes harder—but maintaining it can have powerful health benefits that extend far beyond convenience.Getting on and off the floor requires a combination of strength, coordination, flexibility, and balance. It engages major muscle groups—especially in the legs, core and hips—while also testing joint mobility and motor control. Regularly performing this movement acts as a functional fitness test, revealing how well your body works as a unit.According to a study published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, researchers found that people who could sit and rise from the floor without using their hands had significantly lower risks of mortality. This movement is essentially a snapshot of physical capability and resilience. The easier and more confidently you can do it, the more likely your musculoskeletal system is functioning optimally.One of the major health risks for older adults is falling. In fact, falls are a leading cause of injury-related death in people over 65. The ability to get up from the floor doesn’t just mean avoiding injury; it also means recovering quickly if a fall does occur. Being able to stand up without assistance reduces the fear and consequences of falling, promoting confidence and independence.Incorporating floor-based movements into regular workouts can improve proprioception (the body’s ability to sense its position in space), which helps prevent instability and accidents. Simple exercises like Turkish gets-ups, deep squats, or even sitting cross-legged the floor and standing back up can improve this vital skill over time.When you move from the floor to standing, your body uses a range of joints—ankles, knees, hips, shoulders, and the spine. Keeping these joints mobile and strong helps prevent stiffness, improves posture, and supports better functional movement patterns. Motion is lotion!Additionally, core engagement is critical during the transition. Strengthening the core isn’t just about aesthetics—it plays a vital role in stabilizing the spine and supportin daily activities. Getting off the floor naturally trains these muscles in a way that mimics real-world needs.Modern lifestyles often involve prolonged sitting in chairs, leading to poor posture and reduced mobility. Getting on the floor to play with kids, stretch, or simply read can reintroduce natural movement patterns that are often mission from daily routines. Even just sitting cross-legged or in a squat position periodically helps to maintain hip mobility and spine alignment.Though it may seem basic, the act of getting gup and down off the floor is a full-body movement that offers significant health insights and benefits. It supports longevity, mobility, independence, and injury prevention. Making this movement a regular part of your life—either through exercise or everyday activities—can help you stay active, capable, and confident as you age.Stay tuned, next week we will discuss another marker of health and longevity!Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: Getting up and down off the floor

It’s county fair season in Kansas, and while local events are a great way to enjoy the sun and time with friends, heat can be an invisible fun bandit for livestock.&nbsp;

Kansas State University beef extension veterinarian A.J. Tarpoff said it’s important for youth showing livestock to watch animals closely and know the symptoms of heat stress.&nbsp;

All animals – as well as people -- can experience heat stress, which occurs when the body cannot get rid of excessive heat, either through sweating or other means.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Tarpoff said cattle handle heat differently than other animals. In particular, they struggle with the ability to sweat, which makes them reliant on getting rid of heat through their respiratory system, such as breathing the heat out. Cattle will accumulate heat during the day, then dissipate the heat load during the night when it's cooler.&nbsp;&nbsp;

“It takes 4-6 hours to return cattle to regular temperature,” Tarpoff said.&nbsp;&nbsp;

He added that one way to tell if a show steer or heifer is affected by heat stress is to look for unusual behavior from that animal. Symptoms may include reduced feed intake, increased time standing and crowding around water. In the show barn, animals may also display an increase in breathing rate.&nbsp;&nbsp;

One way to keep animals cool is to make sure barns get plenty of ventilation. Tarpoff said that heat stress mitigation strategies should be planned with cattle comfort in mind, and each strategy will be unique to the housing situation. Other factors to consider include whether the animal has its winter or summer hair coat; hair color; and past health issues.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Tarpoff said youth should consider reducing animal handling during heat intervals, and having those handling events completed by 10 a.m.&nbsp;

“Weighing, processing, sampling and shipping cattle are all necessary tasks but they should be strategically conducted during the very early morning hours to ensure cattle comfort,” Tarpoff said.&nbsp;

Another way to avoid heat stress is to provide plenty of water to cattle. Tarpoff said the amount of water cattle need doubles as the heat increases from 70 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Tarpoff also encourages youth to consider moisture levels from the washing areas. Some locations can artificially increase the humidity and cause unneeded stress on livestock.&nbsp;&nbsp;

“Monitoring conditions and preparing for heat stress is a must when caring for your animals,” he said.&nbsp;

The&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://mesonet.k-state.edu/agriculture/animal/forecast">Kansas Mesonet</a>, a network of Kansas weather stations which has offices on the K-State campus in Manhattan, provides an&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://mesonet.k-state.edu/agriculture/animal/forecast">Animal Comfort Index</a>&nbsp;to help producers and youth monitor care for livestock. The online service is free to the public.&nbsp;

The Barton County Fair starts June 25 and runs through June 29. Come out and support the youth of our communities and see what projects they have on display. It’s a fun filled 5 days of the children showing off all of their hard work, and an enjoyable time for the entire family. For a schedule of events, you can go to bartoncountyfair.com.&nbsp; We hope to see you all there!

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>It’s county fair season in Kansas, and while local events are a great way to enjoy the sun and time with friends, heat can be an invisible fun bandit for livestock.&nbsp;Kansas State University beef extension veterinarian A.J. Tarpoff said it’s important for youth showing livestock to watch animals closely and know the symptoms of heat stress.&nbsp;All animals – as well as people -- can experience heat stress, which occurs when the body cannot get rid of excessive heat, either through sweating or other means.&nbsp;&nbsp;Tarpoff said cattle handle heat differently than other animals. In particular, they struggle with the ability to sweat, which makes them reliant on getting rid of heat through their respiratory system, such as breathing the heat out. Cattle will accumulate heat during the day, then dissipate the heat load during the night when it's cooler.&nbsp;&nbsp;“It takes 4-6 hours to return cattle to regular temperature,” Tarpoff said.&nbsp;&nbsp;He added that one way to tell if a show steer or heifer is affected by heat stress is to look for unusual behavior from that animal. Symptoms may include reduced feed intake, increased time standing and crowding around water. In the show barn, animals may also display an increase in breathing rate.&nbsp;&nbsp;One way to keep animals cool is to make sure barns get plenty of ventilation. Tarpoff said that heat stress mitigation strategies should be planned with cattle comfort in mind, and each strategy will be unique to the housing situation. Other factors to consider include whether the animal has its winter or summer hair coat; hair color; and past health issues.&nbsp;&nbsp;Tarpoff said youth should consider reducing animal handling during heat intervals, and having those handling events completed by 10 a.m.&nbsp;“Weighing, processing, sampling and shipping cattle are all necessary tasks but they should be strategically conducted during the very early morning hours to ensure cattle comfort,” Tarpoff said.&nbsp;Another way to avoid heat stress is to provide plenty of water to cattle. Tarpoff said the amount of water cattle need doubles as the heat increases from 70 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit.&nbsp;&nbsp;Tarpoff also encourages youth to consider moisture levels from the washing areas. Some locations can artificially increase the humidity and cause unneeded stress on livestock.&nbsp;&nbsp;“Monitoring conditions and preparing for heat stress is a must when caring for your animals,” he said.&nbsp;The&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://mesonet.k-state.edu/agriculture/animal/forecast">Kansas Mesonet</a>, a network of Kansas weather stations which has offices on the K-State campus in Manhattan, provides an&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://mesonet.k-state.edu/agriculture/animal/forecast">Animal Comfort Index</a>&nbsp;to help producers and youth monitor care for livestock. The online service is free to the public.&nbsp;The Barton County Fair starts June 25 and runs through June 29. Come out and support the youth of our communities and see what projects they have on display. It’s a fun filled 5 days of the children showing off all of their hard work, and an enjoyable time for the entire family. For a schedule of events, you can go to bartoncountyfair.com.&nbsp; We hope to see you all there!Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Fair season, important note for showing livestock

By:&nbsp;<a href="https://kansasreflector.com/author/mchilson/">Morgan Chilson</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://kansasreflector.com/author/sherman-smith/">Sherman Smith</a>&nbsp; <a href="https://kansasreflector.com/2025/02/24/gov-laura-kelly-skeptical-kansas-houses-anti-tenure-legislation-will-reach-her-desk/">Kansas Reflector</a>

TOPEKA — Fifth-generation Kansan Christy Davis announced Saturday she is exploring a run against incumbent Republican U.S. Sen. Roger Marshall, who she said is spending his time flattering the “tyrant in the White House” instead of standing up for Kansans.

Davis, a Democrat, made the announcement to the hundreds of people gathered for the No Kings rally at the state Capitol. She served as White House appointee for U.S. Department of Agriculture Rural Development during the Biden administration and previously lost in the Democratic primary in 2020 when she ran for the U.S. House in the 1st District against Kali Barnett. Republican Tracey Mann won that seat.

Davis and her family live in Cottonwood Falls.

“Unfortunately, the rights Kansans have fought for are being threatened by a tyrant and a Congress that is scared to hold him to account,” Davis said. “This isn’t the America that is the land of the free and the home of the brave. Nothing about this is our values. We didn’t vote for this. We need to stand together, regardless of political parties, and remember who we are — not just Americans, but we’re Kansans, and we deserve better.”

Davis criticized Marshall for failing to protect Kansas and its economy.

“The administration is clawing back funding for our public schools and dismantling the entire farm economy,” she said. “And what is Senator Marshall doing in response? He doesn’t even live here. Not what the Constitution says he’s supposed to. Instead of representing us and checking the power of the tyrant in the White House, he’s trying to flatter him.”

Davis’ words drew chants of “vote him out” from the crowd, which was gathered to protest the Trump administration.

On Saturday, Newsmax posted an interview with Marshall honoring the 250th birthday of the Army. He also sent birthday wishes to Trump.

“It’s been just the honor of a lifetime to work beside him to make America great again,” Marshall said.

In 2016, Marshall, who is a obstetrician and gynecologist, entered politics with a run against incumbent Republican U.S. Rep. Tim Huelskamp, defeating him in the primary and later winning the 1st District seat.&nbsp; In 2019, he announced he would run for the seat that U.S. Sen. Pat Roberts was vacating. He won the primary and eventually the seat, beating out Democrat Barbara Bollier.

Devon Welcher, of Topeka, also revealed her intent to run for office, telling the crowd she plans to run for governor as an independent candidate.

In an interview, Welcher said she is running because “Kansas is in trouble,” and that voters should know, “I’m the real deal.”

“I have enthusiasm, and grace, and I am charismatic,” Welcher said.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/6/1750078200149.png" alt=" Christy Davis addresses the No Kings rally on June 14, 2025, from the south steps of the Statehouse in Topeka, where she announced she will explore a U.S. Senate run as a Democrat against incumbent Republican U.S. Sen. Roger Marshall. (Sherman Smith/Kansas Reflector)" />
 <figcaption> Christy Davis addresses the No Kings rally on June 14, 2025, from the south steps of the Statehouse in Topeka, where she announced she will explore a U.S. Senate run as a Democrat against incumbent Republican U.S. Sen. Roger Marshall. (Sherman Smith/Kansas Reflector)</figcaption>
 </figure>By:&nbsp;<a href="https://kansasreflector.com/author/mchilson/">Morgan Chilson</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://kansasreflector.com/author/sherman-smith/">Sherman Smith</a>&nbsp; <a href="https://kansasreflector.com/2025/02/24/gov-laura-kelly-skeptical-kansas-houses-anti-tenure-legislation-will-reach-her-desk/">Kansas Reflector</a>TOPEKA — Fifth-generation Kansan Christy Davis announced Saturday she is exploring a run against incumbent Republican U.S. Sen. Roger Marshall, who she said is spending his time flattering the “tyrant in the White House” instead of standing up for Kansans.Davis, a Democrat, made the announcement to the hundreds of people gathered for the No Kings rally at the state Capitol. She served as White House appointee for U.S. Department of Agriculture Rural Development during the Biden administration and previously lost in the Democratic primary in 2020 when she ran for the U.S. House in the 1st District against Kali Barnett. Republican Tracey Mann won that seat.Davis and her family live in Cottonwood Falls.“Unfortunately, the rights Kansans have fought for are being threatened by a tyrant and a Congress that is scared to hold him to account,” Davis said. “This isn’t the America that is the land of the free and the home of the brave. Nothing about this is our values. We didn’t vote for this. We need to stand together, regardless of political parties, and remember who we are — not just Americans, but we’re Kansans, and we deserve better.”Davis criticized Marshall for failing to protect Kansas and its economy.“The administration is clawing back funding for our public schools and dismantling the entire farm economy,” she said. “And what is Senator Marshall doing in response? He doesn’t even live here. Not what the Constitution says he’s supposed to. Instead of representing us and checking the power of the tyrant in the White House, he’s trying to flatter him.”Davis’ words drew chants of “vote him out” from the crowd, which was gathered to protest the Trump administration.On Saturday, Newsmax posted an interview with Marshall honoring the 250th birthday of the Army. He also sent birthday wishes to Trump.“It’s been just the honor of a lifetime to work beside him to make America great again,” Marshall said.In 2016, Marshall, who is a obstetrician and gynecologist, entered politics with a run against incumbent Republican U.S. Rep. Tim Huelskamp, defeating him in the primary and later winning the 1st District seat.&nbsp; In 2019, he announced he would run for the seat that U.S. Sen. Pat Roberts was vacating. He won the primary and eventually the seat, beating out Democrat Barbara Bollier.Devon Welcher, of Topeka, also revealed her intent to run for office, telling the crowd she plans to run for governor as an independent candidate.In an interview, Welcher said she is running because “Kansas is in trouble,” and that voters should know, “I’m the real deal.”“I have enthusiasm, and grace, and I am charismatic,” Welcher said.

Kansas Democrat exploring run against U.S. Sen. Roger Marshall, accuses him of ‘flattering’ Trump

A clean stock tank with high-quality water promotes healthy livestock. Nursing calves have a nine percent higher weight gain when drinking water from a trough rather than from a pond. Poor tasting water can influence forage intake. Drinking more water can mean more efficient forage consumption. Viruses, parasites, and bacteria thrive in tanks that are not properly cleaned.&nbsp;Keeping your stock tank clean can be a challenge in the summer. Warm summer temperatures, abundant sunlight, and nutrients mix together to create ideal conditions for algae growth. Nutrients from slobber, excrement, leaves, or other debris can stimulate harmful algae growth. Algae changes the taste of water, and some types are even toxic, like blue-green algae, which is toxic to livestock. Using fencing or other barriers to limit livestock access to ponds can mitigate nutrient introduction. Barriers should be low enough that critters won’t slip underneath.

Most tanks should be drained and cleaned once or twice a year. Add one part of household chlorine bleach for 32 parts of water. Let the water sit for 15 minutes. Drain and scrub the tank well. Keep livestock away from the tank for at least 30 minutes after cleaning. Getting the tank empty can be difficult unless the tank has a built-in drain. In the case of no drain, turn the water off and let the livestock drink the water down to a point where it can be managed.

Once the tank is cleaned, there are a few ways to keep it clean. First, keep debris (leaves, dead plants) out of the tank. Two ounces of household chlorine bleach to fifty gallons of water weekly will help regulate algae growth. Or copper sulfate, an eighth of a teaspoon per hundred gallons.

Goldfish are also an option for algae control. Add four to six goldfish per 100 gallons of tank capacity. Goldfish survive best when the temperature is at least sixty degrees, they need bricks, rocks, or some structure to hide from predators like birds or raccoons. Fish kills are a concern if the water level gets too low and there is not enough oxygen or in the winter when it’s too cold.&nbsp;Keeping the troughs out of direct sunlight can also help minimize algae growth. Freeze-proof troughs, such as floating ball top waterers, work well in cold weather and work to keep water cool in the summer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>A clean stock tank with high-quality water promotes healthy livestock. Nursing calves have a nine percent higher weight gain when drinking water from a trough rather than from a pond. Poor tasting water can influence forage intake. Drinking more water can mean more efficient forage consumption. Viruses, parasites, and bacteria thrive in tanks that are not properly cleaned.&nbsp;Keeping your stock tank clean can be a challenge in the summer. Warm summer temperatures, abundant sunlight, and nutrients mix together to create ideal conditions for algae growth. Nutrients from slobber, excrement, leaves, or other debris can stimulate harmful algae growth. Algae changes the taste of water, and some types are even toxic, like blue-green algae, which is toxic to livestock. Using fencing or other barriers to limit livestock access to ponds can mitigate nutrient introduction. Barriers should be low enough that critters won’t slip underneath.Most tanks should be drained and cleaned once or twice a year. Add one part of household chlorine bleach for 32 parts of water. Let the water sit for 15 minutes. Drain and scrub the tank well. Keep livestock away from the tank for at least 30 minutes after cleaning. Getting the tank empty can be difficult unless the tank has a built-in drain. In the case of no drain, turn the water off and let the livestock drink the water down to a point where it can be managed.Once the tank is cleaned, there are a few ways to keep it clean. First, keep debris (leaves, dead plants) out of the tank. Two ounces of household chlorine bleach to fifty gallons of water weekly will help regulate algae growth. Or copper sulfate, an eighth of a teaspoon per hundred gallons.Goldfish are also an option for algae control. Add four to six goldfish per 100 gallons of tank capacity. Goldfish survive best when the temperature is at least sixty degrees, they need bricks, rocks, or some structure to hide from predators like birds or raccoons. Fish kills are a concern if the water level gets too low and there is not enough oxygen or in the winter when it’s too cold.&nbsp;Keeping the troughs out of direct sunlight can also help minimize algae growth. Freeze-proof troughs, such as floating ball top waterers, work well in cold weather and work to keep water cool in the summer.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Cleaning stock tanks – priority?

There is a good deal of interest in using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) or drones for the application of pesticides. In this context, a drone is a small, remotely controlled fixed-wing or rotary-wing aircraft. A drone application might be appealing to individuals wanting to spray where it is not practical or desirable to use a traditional spray, or perhaps, for spot spraying. Applications are limited by the size of the payload the unmanned aircraft system is able to carry, and compliance and logistics for such applications can be challenging. If you are someone who is considering using a drone for applications, here is some basic information regarding licenses that you need to know before you apply any pesticides. You should comply with Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations, Kansas Department of Agriculture (KDA) requirements, and pesticide label directions to operate a drone for pesticide spraying.

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Regulations - all drone-based chemical applications must adhere to FAA regulations, most of which are described in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) under 14 CFR Part 137, which governs the use of aircraft – including drones – to apply agricultural chemicals. In order to obtain a Part 137 UAS certification, an individual should apply for the necessary exemptions, submit necessary documentation, including drone registration information and the pilot’s agricultural aircraft operator certificate. Drone registration costs $5 and is valid for three years. In addition, a drone operator must have a Remote Pilot Certification, which requires passing an exam and paying a fee. The certification must be renewed every 24 months by training and testing, which is available online at no cost. The testing and training include information about regulations, airspace, weather, and night operations.

Kansas Department of Agriculture (KDA) Requirements - state-level regulations require that proof of drone registration with the FAA be submitted to the KDA, evidence of certification, such as a Remote Pilot Certificate, and additional information. Moreover, the operator must be certified as a commercial pesticide applicator in the appropriate category, such as Agricultural Pest Control, through KDA. The applicator needs to provide the KDA with the make, model, serial number (if applicable), and any other requested information related to the drone and submit a completed and signed application to apply pesticide products. If a drone-based pesticide spray is operated as a business, a Pesticide Business License from KDA is required. This license verifies that the business complies with state regulations regarding pesticide application. Moreover, such a business should complete an application to receive approval before completing such pesticide applications. More information about KDA policies and different applications can be found on the KDA website: https://www.agriculture.ks.gov/divisions-programs/pesticide-and-fertilizer/unmanned-aircraft-systems Information provided by Frannie Miller, Pesticide Safety and IPM Coordinator, fmiller@ksu.edu

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>There is a good deal of interest in using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) or drones for the application of pesticides. In this context, a drone is a small, remotely controlled fixed-wing or rotary-wing aircraft. A drone application might be appealing to individuals wanting to spray where it is not practical or desirable to use a traditional spray, or perhaps, for spot spraying. Applications are limited by the size of the payload the unmanned aircraft system is able to carry, and compliance and logistics for such applications can be challenging. If you are someone who is considering using a drone for applications, here is some basic information regarding licenses that you need to know before you apply any pesticides. You should comply with Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations, Kansas Department of Agriculture (KDA) requirements, and pesticide label directions to operate a drone for pesticide spraying.Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Regulations - all drone-based chemical applications must adhere to FAA regulations, most of which are described in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) under 14 CFR Part 137, which governs the use of aircraft – including drones – to apply agricultural chemicals. In order to obtain a Part 137 UAS certification, an individual should apply for the necessary exemptions, submit necessary documentation, including drone registration information and the pilot’s agricultural aircraft operator certificate. Drone registration costs $5 and is valid for three years. In addition, a drone operator must have a Remote Pilot Certification, which requires passing an exam and paying a fee. The certification must be renewed every 24 months by training and testing, which is available online at no cost. The testing and training include information about regulations, airspace, weather, and night operations.Kansas Department of Agriculture (KDA) Requirements - state-level regulations require that proof of drone registration with the FAA be submitted to the KDA, evidence of certification, such as a Remote Pilot Certificate, and additional information. Moreover, the operator must be certified as a commercial pesticide applicator in the appropriate category, such as Agricultural Pest Control, through KDA. The applicator needs to provide the KDA with the make, model, serial number (if applicable), and any other requested information related to the drone and submit a completed and signed application to apply pesticide products. If a drone-based pesticide spray is operated as a business, a Pesticide Business License from KDA is required. This license verifies that the business complies with state regulations regarding pesticide application. Moreover, such a business should complete an application to receive approval before completing such pesticide applications. More information about KDA policies and different applications can be found on the KDA website: https://www.agriculture.ks.gov/divisions-programs/pesticide-and-fertilizer/unmanned-aircraft-systems Information provided by Frannie Miller, Pesticide Safety and IPM Coordinator, fmiller@ksu.eduStacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Unmanned aerial vehicle pesticide applications - What you need to know

There is nothing like the taste of fresh vegetables that come straight to the table from the garden, and often when there is a produce surplus folks turn to processing options such as freezing or canning to make it last throughout the year.

In anticipation of that summer season, I would like to offer tips on how to have a successful canning experience. Preparing now can help prevent problems in the middle of canning later on this summer.

First, make sure everything is working properly. Canning jars and rings should be free from cracks and no rust on the rings. Hand washing the lids and rings is recommended to keep them from rusting prematurely. Lids, however, cannot be used more than once. Now is a good time to go buy them. Next, make sure your canner is in good working order. Dial gauge canners need their valves and gauge checked. Your local extension office can test the gauge for Presto, National, Maid of Honor and Magic Seal canners. Check the seal between the pot and lid, looking for cracks or dried rubber. If the seal isn’t good then the canner will not get to the proper pressure. The rubber plug can also wear out and sometimes need replaced.

As far as preparing the food, it is recommended to remove the peels to prevent unintended bacteria growth.

After the jars have been processed, they should be placed on a towel on the counter in an isolated place, with no drafts and allowed to cool down naturally.

Finally, write the date the food was canned on the lid before putting them in storage. It is recommended that jars be used within one year and rotate them out for next year’s supply.

And just a reminder about canning recipes. Information about food comes at us from many directions. We might scroll through Facebook, Pinterest or another social media platform and be attracted by a new recipe. Most of the time, recipes for main courses or desserts will not pose food safety risks. Maybe a friend told you about a new canning method. Food preservation recipes that have not been tested for safety could be harmful, or even deadly if the canned food contains the toxin that causes botulism. These are some questions to ask yourself:

• Who is the author of the research or publication? The U.S. Department of Agriculture and universities have conducted reputable food preservation research.

• Is the food preservation information based on current scientific research or opinion? Outdated canning recipes should be retired. An exception: if ingredient amounts and processing times are exactly the same as current food preservation recipes, they could be used.

• Where did you find the information? Examine the URL on the website. Does it end with “.edu” (indicating a university or other educational organization) or “.gov” (indicating a government site)? Universities and government sources are credible sources of food preservation information.

Please make sure your canning recipes are from credible sources before trying them. While home canning can be a safe and convenient way to store food, it must be done safely.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>There is nothing like the taste of fresh vegetables that come straight to the table from the garden, and often when there is a produce surplus folks turn to processing options such as freezing or canning to make it last throughout the year.In anticipation of that summer season, I would like to offer tips on how to have a successful canning experience. Preparing now can help prevent problems in the middle of canning later on this summer.First, make sure everything is working properly. Canning jars and rings should be free from cracks and no rust on the rings. Hand washing the lids and rings is recommended to keep them from rusting prematurely. Lids, however, cannot be used more than once. Now is a good time to go buy them. Next, make sure your canner is in good working order. Dial gauge canners need their valves and gauge checked. Your local extension office can test the gauge for Presto, National, Maid of Honor and Magic Seal canners. Check the seal between the pot and lid, looking for cracks or dried rubber. If the seal isn’t good then the canner will not get to the proper pressure. The rubber plug can also wear out and sometimes need replaced.As far as preparing the food, it is recommended to remove the peels to prevent unintended bacteria growth.After the jars have been processed, they should be placed on a towel on the counter in an isolated place, with no drafts and allowed to cool down naturally.Finally, write the date the food was canned on the lid before putting them in storage. It is recommended that jars be used within one year and rotate them out for next year’s supply.And just a reminder about canning recipes. Information about food comes at us from many directions. We might scroll through Facebook, Pinterest or another social media platform and be attracted by a new recipe. Most of the time, recipes for main courses or desserts will not pose food safety risks. Maybe a friend told you about a new canning method. Food preservation recipes that have not been tested for safety could be harmful, or even deadly if the canned food contains the toxin that causes botulism. These are some questions to ask yourself:• Who is the author of the research or publication? The U.S. Department of Agriculture and universities have conducted reputable food preservation research.• Is the food preservation information based on current scientific research or opinion? Outdated canning recipes should be retired. An exception: if ingredient amounts and processing times are exactly the same as current food preservation recipes, they could be used.• Where did you find the information? Examine the URL on the website. Does it end with “.edu” (indicating a university or other educational organization) or “.gov” (indicating a government site)? Universities and government sources are credible sources of food preservation information.Please make sure your canning recipes are from credible sources before trying them. While home canning can be a safe and convenient way to store food, it must be done safely.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: Tips for safe canning

While I spent 20 years in banking in a previous career, I would never claim to be an expert on investing. Melissa Schrag, Family and Community Wellness agent from the Central Kansas District, focuses on Family Resource Management and shared some great information, including definitions, about navigating investment markets and, with her permission, I’d like to share it with you.

Navigating Bear Markets: Tips for Staying Composed During Downturns

Wall Street may be nearing a bear market, as concerns grow that tariffs on imported goods could impact global economic stability. But what exactly is a bear market, and how can investors stay steady when markets dip?

A bear market is a period when the prices of securities, like stocks, fall by 20% or more from recent highs. It’s marked by widespread pessimism, negative investor sentiment, and selling pressure.

The term comes from the bear’s behavior—hibernation—symbolizing a market retreat. Conversely, a rising market is called a bull market, because bulls charge forward, representing upward momentum.

1. Keep Emotions in Check Bear markets can be nerve-wracking. Fear and negative headlines can overwhelm you, but reacting emotionally often leads to poor decisions.

2. Don’t Try to Outrun the Bear Avoid jumping in and out of the market. Selling during declines may cause you to miss the recovery. Remember: time in the market beats timing the market.

3. Stick to Your Long-Term Strategy Focus on your long-term goals. Review your portfolio regularly to ensure it aligns with your objectives but avoid drastic changes based on short-term market swings.

4. Use the Downturn to Your Advantage Bear markets offer opportunities to buy quality investments at lower prices. Consider rebalancing your portfolio to maintain your target asset allocation.

5. Adjust If You’re Taking Income If you rely on investment income, consider reducing withdrawals temporarily. This helps your portfolio recover when markets rebound.

6. Stay Calm and Ignore the Noise Bear markets come with plenty of doom-and-gloom headlines. Staying calm and sticking to your strategy usually leads to better outcomes.

If you found this article useful, Melissa would appreciate your follow up so take a moment and provide feedback at https://bit.ly/49SMXra.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668177490614.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran - Family &amp; Community Wellness Educator for Cottonwood Extension District with K-State Research and Extension" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran - Family &amp; Community Wellness Educator for Cottonwood Extension District with K-State Research and Extension</figcaption>
 </figure>While I spent 20 years in banking in a previous career, I would never claim to be an expert on investing. Melissa Schrag, Family and Community Wellness agent from the Central Kansas District, focuses on Family Resource Management and shared some great information, including definitions, about navigating investment markets and, with her permission, I’d like to share it with you.Navigating Bear Markets: Tips for Staying Composed During DownturnsWall Street may be nearing a bear market, as concerns grow that tariffs on imported goods could impact global economic stability. But what exactly is a bear market, and how can investors stay steady when markets dip?What is a Bear Market?A bear market is a period when the prices of securities, like stocks, fall by 20% or more from recent highs. It’s marked by widespread pessimism, negative investor sentiment, and selling pressure.Why the name “bear market?”The term comes from the bear’s behavior—hibernation—symbolizing a market retreat. Conversely, a rising market is called a bull market, because bulls charge forward, representing upward momentum.6 Tips to Navigate Bear Markets1. Keep Emotions in Check Bear markets can be nerve-wracking. Fear and negative headlines can overwhelm you, but reacting emotionally often leads to poor decisions.2. Don’t Try to Outrun the Bear Avoid jumping in and out of the market. Selling during declines may cause you to miss the recovery. Remember: time in the market beats timing the market.3. Stick to Your Long-Term Strategy Focus on your long-term goals. Review your portfolio regularly to ensure it aligns with your objectives but avoid drastic changes based on short-term market swings.4. Use the Downturn to Your Advantage Bear markets offer opportunities to buy quality investments at lower prices. Consider rebalancing your portfolio to maintain your target asset allocation.5. Adjust If You’re Taking Income If you rely on investment income, consider reducing withdrawals temporarily. This helps your portfolio recover when markets rebound.6. Stay Calm and Ignore the Noise Bear markets come with plenty of doom-and-gloom headlines. Staying calm and sticking to your strategy usually leads to better outcomes.If you found this article useful, Melissa would appreciate your follow up so take a moment and provide feedback at https://bit.ly/49SMXra.Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is the Family and Community Wellness agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.All Kansas Extension education programs and materials are available to all individuals without discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age or disability.

BERAN: Market strategies

Chinch bug activity has been elevated in Kansas over the last couple of seasons. Now would be a good time to discuss the differences between chinch bugs (Blissus leucopterus) and false chinch bugs (Nysius sp.). To make proper management decisions, knowing how to correctly identify these insects is critical.

Adults bugs - adult chinch bugs are less than ¼ inch long bugs with black bodies and white wings that are kept folded over their backs. Two dark, triangular markings are present near the center of the wings, creating a distinctive “X” mark (Figure 1).

Adult false chinch bugs are very similar in appearance, but smaller. Instead of having black bodies, false chinch bugs are brownish-gray with clear wings that lack a distinct “X” mark.

Immature chinch bugs are bright red after hatching, darkening to black as they go through a series of 5 molts. A distinct white band will be visible across the nymphs’ bodies until the wing buds become large enough to obscure it.

Immature false chinch bugs are grayish-brown, never bright red, and lack the white band across their bodies.

Damage by bugs - chinch bugs and false chinch bugs are true bugs in the order Hemiptera, which means they both have piercing-sucking mouthparts that they use to puncture plant tissue to feed on plant juices. However, the symptoms of feeding appear differently for these two bugs. When chinch bugs feed, digestive enzymes are injected into the plant tissue, causing it to break down and discolor. Reddish spots are often present at chinch bug feeding sites. Heavy chinch bug feeding can also cause stunting, wilting, and necrotic lesions on plants. False chinch bug feeding, on the other hand, usually has little effect on plants, but extreme numbers of the bugs on a plant can cause wilting and death.

Be proactive about chinch bug management - think about chinch bug management before wheat is harvested. Simply relying on rescue treatments for young sorghum fields is not recommended. If possible, avoid planting sorghum adjacent to wheat, particularly if the wheat stand is thin and stressed out. Wheat fields should be scouted for the presence of chinch bugs before harvest to provide an estimate of risk to newly planted sorghum fields. One adult chinch bug or 5 nymphs per foot of row will be a hazard to the borders of sorghum planted nearby. If chinch bug problems are expected, an early planted trap crop of sorghum can be utilized between the wheat and sorghum fields, and this trap crop can be sprayed if migrating chinch bugs become numerous. Follow-up sprays will likely be needed if the local chinch bug population is high; 5 chinch bugs per seedling would warrant action. Planting time insecticides and seed treatments can provide some early protection for young sorghum, but their effectiveness deteriorates beyond a few weeks. Additionally, scouting should be done weekly during the growing season. Plants that are a foot tall and all the way through flowering can be damaged by 50 chinch bugs per plant.

Additional details on life history and management recommendations for these two pests can be found in the following Kansas Crop Pest publications. · Chinch Bug: https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF3107.pdf · False Chinch bug: https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF3047.pdf

Information provided by Jeff Whitworth, K-State Extension Entomologist.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Chinch bug activity has been elevated in Kansas over the last couple of seasons. Now would be a good time to discuss the differences between chinch bugs (Blissus leucopterus) and false chinch bugs (Nysius sp.). To make proper management decisions, knowing how to correctly identify these insects is critical.Adults bugs - adult chinch bugs are less than ¼ inch long bugs with black bodies and white wings that are kept folded over their backs. Two dark, triangular markings are present near the center of the wings, creating a distinctive “X” mark (Figure 1).Adult false chinch bugs are very similar in appearance, but smaller. Instead of having black bodies, false chinch bugs are brownish-gray with clear wings that lack a distinct “X” mark.Immature chinch bugs are bright red after hatching, darkening to black as they go through a series of 5 molts. A distinct white band will be visible across the nymphs’ bodies until the wing buds become large enough to obscure it.Immature false chinch bugs are grayish-brown, never bright red, and lack the white band across their bodies.Damage by bugs - chinch bugs and false chinch bugs are true bugs in the order Hemiptera, which means they both have piercing-sucking mouthparts that they use to puncture plant tissue to feed on plant juices. However, the symptoms of feeding appear differently for these two bugs. When chinch bugs feed, digestive enzymes are injected into the plant tissue, causing it to break down and discolor. Reddish spots are often present at chinch bug feeding sites. Heavy chinch bug feeding can also cause stunting, wilting, and necrotic lesions on plants. False chinch bug feeding, on the other hand, usually has little effect on plants, but extreme numbers of the bugs on a plant can cause wilting and death.Be proactive about chinch bug management - think about chinch bug management before wheat is harvested. Simply relying on rescue treatments for young sorghum fields is not recommended. If possible, avoid planting sorghum adjacent to wheat, particularly if the wheat stand is thin and stressed out. Wheat fields should be scouted for the presence of chinch bugs before harvest to provide an estimate of risk to newly planted sorghum fields. One adult chinch bug or 5 nymphs per foot of row will be a hazard to the borders of sorghum planted nearby. If chinch bug problems are expected, an early planted trap crop of sorghum can be utilized between the wheat and sorghum fields, and this trap crop can be sprayed if migrating chinch bugs become numerous. Follow-up sprays will likely be needed if the local chinch bug population is high; 5 chinch bugs per seedling would warrant action. Planting time insecticides and seed treatments can provide some early protection for young sorghum, but their effectiveness deteriorates beyond a few weeks. Additionally, scouting should be done weekly during the growing season. Plants that are a foot tall and all the way through flowering can be damaged by 50 chinch bugs per plant.Additional details on life history and management recommendations for these two pests can be found in the following Kansas Crop Pest publications. · Chinch Bug: https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF3107.pdf · False Chinch bug: https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF3047.pdfInformation provided by Jeff Whitworth, K-State Extension Entomologist.

CAMPBELL: Distinguish chinch bugs from false chinch bugs

Changes to your eyesight are normal with age. You may be less able to see up close without reading glasses. It may take your eyes longer to adjust to changing light levels. These problems can usually be corrected with glasses, contact lenses, or improved lighting. But some changes can be a sign of disease.

A condition called age-related macular degeneration, or AMD, is the leading cause of vision loss in older adults in the U.S. It’s caused by light-sensing tissue in the back of your eye, or retina, deteriorating. The deterioration happens in the center of the retina, called the macula. In advanced stages, AMD can make it hard to see things clearly when you look straight ahead. You may not be able to recognize faces, read, drive, or do certain household tasks independently.

You’re more likely to have AMD at age 55 and older. Smoking, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure increase your risk for AMD. So does having a family history of the disease.

There are two types of AMD. Dry AMD, also called atrophic AMD, is more common. This condition progresses through several stages. Early AMD has no symptoms. In intermediate AMD, you might notice mild blurriness or have trouble seeing in low light. Late AMD usually causes a blurry area or blank spots in or near the center of your vision. Colors may appear faded.

The other type is called neovascular, or wet, AMD. It can cause fast vision loss if not treated promptly. In wet AMD, abnormal blood vessels grow in the back of the eye. These can bleed and leak fluid that damages the macula. A telltale sign is when straight lines appear wavy or crooked. Dry AMD can also turn into wet AMD.

It can take years for AMD to progress. When you detect it early, you can take steps to delay its progress.

An eye doctor can detect AMD using a dilated eye exam. In the exam, they dilate (or widen) your pupils using special eye drops. This allows them to see inside your eyes. They may also take pictures of the inside of your eye using a technique called optical coherence tomography.

If you are diagnosed with AMD, there are several things you can do to slow its progression. “For those early and intermediate stages, it’s all about a healthy lifestyle,” says Dr. Tiarnán Keenan, an ophthalmologist at NIH. This includes eating a healthy diet, getting enough physical activity,

and not smoking. A healthy lifestyle may also lower your chances of getting AMD in the first place.

· Eat a healthy diet, including fruits and vegetables (especially dark leafy greens like spinach or kale) and fish high in omega-3 fatty acids (like salmon or tuna).

· Get regular physical activity. Experts recommend getting at least 150 minutes of moderate activity a week.

· Maintain healthy blood pressure and cholesterol levels.

· Don’t smoke, or quit if you do. Get free help to quit smoking at smokefree.gov, 1-800-QUIT-NOW (1-800-784-8669), or by texting QUIT to 47848.

· Get regular eye exams. Your eye doctor can tell you how often you need an exam based on your age and other risk factors.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Changes to your eyesight are normal with age. You may be less able to see up close without reading glasses. It may take your eyes longer to adjust to changing light levels. These problems can usually be corrected with glasses, contact lenses, or improved lighting. But some changes can be a sign of disease.A condition called age-related macular degeneration, or AMD, is the leading cause of vision loss in older adults in the U.S. It’s caused by light-sensing tissue in the back of your eye, or retina, deteriorating. The deterioration happens in the center of the retina, called the macula. In advanced stages, AMD can make it hard to see things clearly when you look straight ahead. You may not be able to recognize faces, read, drive, or do certain household tasks independently.You’re more likely to have AMD at age 55 and older. Smoking, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure increase your risk for AMD. So does having a family history of the disease.There are two types of AMD. Dry AMD, also called atrophic AMD, is more common. This condition progresses through several stages. Early AMD has no symptoms. In intermediate AMD, you might notice mild blurriness or have trouble seeing in low light. Late AMD usually causes a blurry area or blank spots in or near the center of your vision. Colors may appear faded.The other type is called neovascular, or wet, AMD. It can cause fast vision loss if not treated promptly. In wet AMD, abnormal blood vessels grow in the back of the eye. These can bleed and leak fluid that damages the macula. A telltale sign is when straight lines appear wavy or crooked. Dry AMD can also turn into wet AMD.It can take years for AMD to progress. When you detect it early, you can take steps to delay its progress.An eye doctor can detect AMD using a dilated eye exam. In the exam, they dilate (or widen) your pupils using special eye drops. This allows them to see inside your eyes. They may also take pictures of the inside of your eye using a technique called optical coherence tomography.If you are diagnosed with AMD, there are several things you can do to slow its progression. “For those early and intermediate stages, it’s all about a healthy lifestyle,” says Dr. Tiarnán Keenan, an ophthalmologist at NIH. This includes eating a healthy diet, getting enough physical activity,and not smoking. A healthy lifestyle may also lower your chances of getting AMD in the first place.Lower Your Risk of AMD· Eat a healthy diet, including fruits and vegetables (especially dark leafy greens like spinach or kale) and fish high in omega-3 fatty acids (like salmon or tuna).· Get regular physical activity. Experts recommend getting at least 150 minutes of moderate activity a week.· Maintain healthy blood pressure and cholesterol levels.· Don’t smoke, or quit if you do. Get free help to quit smoking at smokefree.gov, 1-800-QUIT-NOW (1-800-784-8669), or by texting QUIT to 47848.· Get regular eye exams. Your eye doctor can tell you how often you need an exam based on your age and other risk factors.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: Healthy lifestyle can protect eye health

Cattle incapable of relieving themselves of high temperatures experience heat stress. Humans alleviate overheating through sweating, but Kansas State University beef extension veterinarian A.J. Tarpoff said cattle do not have that option.

“Heat stress coping behaviors is what we see when cattle are adapting to warmer temperatures,” he said. “Whenever we get hot, we sweat to maintain homeostasis. For livestock species, and especially cattle, that capability gets overwhelmed.”

Tarpoff added: “They dissipate heat in other ways like increasing their respiratory rate (breathing) by panting.”

Besides panting, producers identify heat stress by their increased standing, large groups of animals bunching up close to water tanks and crowding in shaded areas.

“They're trying to get increased airflow by standing, but they actually end up using each other as shade which is counter-productive,” Tarpoff said.

High temperatures and humidity, slow wind speeds and increased solar radiation comprise the four weather conditions contributing to heat stress.

“When we're comfortable, cattle might not be and vice versa. We really need to consider those four key parameters,” Tarpoff said. “We have an animal comfort index that uses the four of them to get a feel on how cattle are experiencing their environment.”

Monitor the animal comfort index in Kansas through the&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://mesonet.k-state.edu/agriculture/animal/">K-State Mesonet</a>.

Correctly managing heat stress has proven to be essential for maximizing animal wellbeing and performance, according to Tarpoff.

“It is one of those critical chores just as important as feeding or making sure the animals have water. Whether we are asking them to be good cows or an animal to produce beef in a feedlot, we need to put them in scenarios where they’re more comfortable because then they are more productive,” he said.

Tarpoff urges operations housing their cattle in dry lots to keep it simple when developing a plan to lessen the consequences of heat stress.

“Whenever it comes to heat stress, it's back to the basics: feed and water. Water intake can nearly double as temperatures rise from 70 to 90 degrees (Fahrenheit). We need more water access, flow and availability for those animals,” he said. He added: “We might be able to modify our feeding times to alleviate some of these stressors. Whenever we feed cattle, we feed the rumen microbes, and that comes at a cost called the heat of fermentation. We can feed later in the evening, so the digestion happens during the cooler nighttime hours.”

Producers often construct shades to cool off cattle in times of unrelenting heat. A recent&nbsp;study&nbsp;conducted by K-State researchers looking at effects of shade on heat stress revealed that shade structures can impact more than just animal temperature.

“They are a piece of infrastructure,” Tarpoff said. “That two-year trial showed added benefits of investing in shades. We saw increased feed efficiency, increased growth rate and increased average daily gain. We also saw reduced panting rates and water consumption needs by over a gallon per head per day.”

Additionally, bedding pens with straw can reduce the pen floor temperature by 25 degrees and fence-line sprinklers help lower ground temperatures and keep cattle cool if used in the overnight hours, according to Tarpoff.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Cattle incapable of relieving themselves of high temperatures experience heat stress. Humans alleviate overheating through sweating, but Kansas State University beef extension veterinarian A.J. Tarpoff said cattle do not have that option.“Heat stress coping behaviors is what we see when cattle are adapting to warmer temperatures,” he said. “Whenever we get hot, we sweat to maintain homeostasis. For livestock species, and especially cattle, that capability gets overwhelmed.”Tarpoff added: “They dissipate heat in other ways like increasing their respiratory rate (breathing) by panting.”Besides panting, producers identify heat stress by their increased standing, large groups of animals bunching up close to water tanks and crowding in shaded areas.“They're trying to get increased airflow by standing, but they actually end up using each other as shade which is counter-productive,” Tarpoff said.High temperatures and humidity, slow wind speeds and increased solar radiation comprise the four weather conditions contributing to heat stress.“When we're comfortable, cattle might not be and vice versa. We really need to consider those four key parameters,” Tarpoff said. “We have an animal comfort index that uses the four of them to get a feel on how cattle are experiencing their environment.”Monitor the animal comfort index in Kansas through the&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://mesonet.k-state.edu/agriculture/animal/">K-State Mesonet</a>.Correctly managing heat stress has proven to be essential for maximizing animal wellbeing and performance, according to Tarpoff.“It is one of those critical chores just as important as feeding or making sure the animals have water. Whether we are asking them to be good cows or an animal to produce beef in a feedlot, we need to put them in scenarios where they’re more comfortable because then they are more productive,” he said.Tarpoff urges operations housing their cattle in dry lots to keep it simple when developing a plan to lessen the consequences of heat stress.“Whenever it comes to heat stress, it's back to the basics: feed and water. Water intake can nearly double as temperatures rise from 70 to 90 degrees (Fahrenheit). We need more water access, flow and availability for those animals,” he said. He added: “We might be able to modify our feeding times to alleviate some of these stressors. Whenever we feed cattle, we feed the rumen microbes, and that comes at a cost called the heat of fermentation. We can feed later in the evening, so the digestion happens during the cooler nighttime hours.”Producers often construct shades to cool off cattle in times of unrelenting heat. A recent&nbsp;study&nbsp;conducted by K-State researchers looking at effects of shade on heat stress revealed that shade structures can impact more than just animal temperature.“They are a piece of infrastructure,” Tarpoff said. “That two-year trial showed added benefits of investing in shades. We saw increased feed efficiency, increased growth rate and increased average daily gain. We also saw reduced panting rates and water consumption needs by over a gallon per head per day.”Additionally, bedding pens with straw can reduce the pen floor temperature by 25 degrees and fence-line sprinklers help lower ground temperatures and keep cattle cool if used in the overnight hours, according to Tarpoff.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.