The last session at our recent agent update on campus provided important information about a timely topic: suicide. With September noted as Suicide Prevention Month, it is the perfect time to bring some thoughts about this subject to the forefront.

Research shows that the majority of those who attempt suicide give some warning signs – verbal, written, or behavioral. Depression in youth bears special attention, since it is often undetected in middle and high school students, and young adults, and therefore goes untreated. At the other end of the lifespan, the same is true of our elders. Most young people and elders enjoy life, but for those who become depressed – if effective treatment is not initiated – death by suicide can become a significant risk.

Failure to recognize and respond to suicide warning signs may reflect both our lack of knowledge about suicide, as well as our basic fear about the subject itself. From the research, we know how to restore, rebuild and maintain hope. What helps suicidal people most is connection to others, planning for the future, engagement with a helper, a return to core values and beliefs, and confirming or finding a sense of purpose in life.

Our suicide prevention task force which is a part of our Central Kansas Partnership brings passionate people together to discuss suicide and take action. There are two activities I want to bring your attention that are planned later this month. The 9th annual Golden Belt Glow Run for Life 5k/1 mile run is set for Saturday, September 18th, from 6-10 PM at Veterans Memorial Park in Great Bend. Glow for Life is an awareness and remembrance event that raises awareness for suicide prevention. This event supports suicide prevention by providing a quality walking and running event in memory of those we have lost and in honor of their family and friends. Proceeds will be used to sponsor community suicide prevention education. Event registration, sponsorship forms and luminary sales forms can be found at ckpartnership.org/prevention or thecentergb.org. Contact Holly Bowyer at Hollyb@thecentergb.org for more information.

Another event that I am involved in is a Pedal for Prevention bike ride set for Friday, September 17th, beginning at 6 PM at the Great Bend Bike Park. Pilot Club members will be on hand before the ride to fit free bicycle helmets on riders of all ages. My husband, John, and I will be leading the bike ride from the Bike Park at Brit Spaugh to the large west shelter at Veterans Park. We will take riders by the Bicycle Campground that is being developed behind Central Baptist Church on the way. The ride is in remembrance of Devin. Devin’s parents have designed t-shirts that will be available for riders. Everyone is welcome at both of these events.

I would also like to invite you to take a look at our Cottonwood Extension District Facebook page. There are several “Wellness Wednesday” posts that include short videos created by staff at High Plains Mental Health, that address mental health topics.

I also want to recognize the good work our Great Bend Center for Counseling and Consultation is doing in the area of suicide prevention. I invite you to take a look at their website to learn more about the

#Zero Reasons Why program that focuses on removing the stigma, building community support and committing to education.

Please take some time to raise your own awareness about suicide and participate in the community events that you can during the month ahead.

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family and Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>The last session at our recent agent update on campus provided important information about a timely topic: suicide. With September noted as Suicide Prevention Month, it is the perfect time to bring some thoughts about this subject to the forefront.Research shows that the majority of those who attempt suicide give some warning signs – verbal, written, or behavioral. Depression in youth bears special attention, since it is often undetected in middle and high school students, and young adults, and therefore goes untreated. At the other end of the lifespan, the same is true of our elders. Most young people and elders enjoy life, but for those who become depressed – if effective treatment is not initiated – death by suicide can become a significant risk.Failure to recognize and respond to suicide warning signs may reflect both our lack of knowledge about suicide, as well as our basic fear about the subject itself. From the research, we know how to restore, rebuild and maintain hope. What helps suicidal people most is connection to others, planning for the future, engagement with a helper, a return to core values and beliefs, and confirming or finding a sense of purpose in life.Our suicide prevention task force which is a part of our Central Kansas Partnership brings passionate people together to discuss suicide and take action. There are two activities I want to bring your attention that are planned later this month. The 9th annual Golden Belt Glow Run for Life 5k/1 mile run is set for Saturday, September 18th, from 6-10 PM at Veterans Memorial Park in Great Bend. Glow for Life is an awareness and remembrance event that raises awareness for suicide prevention. This event supports suicide prevention by providing a quality walking and running event in memory of those we have lost and in honor of their family and friends. Proceeds will be used to sponsor community suicide prevention education. Event registration, sponsorship forms and luminary sales forms can be found at ckpartnership.org/prevention or thecentergb.org. Contact Holly Bowyer at Hollyb@thecentergb.org for more information.Another event that I am involved in is a Pedal for Prevention bike ride set for Friday, September 17th, beginning at 6 PM at the Great Bend Bike Park. Pilot Club members will be on hand before the ride to fit free bicycle helmets on riders of all ages. My husband, John, and I will be leading the bike ride from the Bike Park at Brit Spaugh to the large west shelter at Veterans Park. We will take riders by the Bicycle Campground that is being developed behind Central Baptist Church on the way. The ride is in remembrance of Devin. Devin’s parents have designed t-shirts that will be available for riders. Everyone is welcome at both of these events.I would also like to invite you to take a look at our Cottonwood Extension District Facebook page. There are several “Wellness Wednesday” posts that include short videos created by staff at High Plains Mental Health, that address mental health topics.I also want to recognize the good work our Great Bend Center for Counseling and Consultation is doing in the area of suicide prevention. I invite you to take a look at their website to learn more about the#Zero Reasons Why program that focuses on removing the stigma, building community support and committing to education.Please take some time to raise your own awareness about suicide and participate in the community events that you can during the month ahead.Donna Krug is the District Director and Family and Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider.

KRUG: Suicide Prevention Month activities planned

What has worked and what to see in the future,&nbsp;beef&nbsp;cattle outlook, starting newly arrived calves on feed, and the comparison of multiple castration methods in&nbsp;stocker&nbsp;cattle are among topics planned for 2021 Kansas State University&nbsp;Beef&nbsp;Stocker&nbsp;Field&nbsp;Day&nbsp;on Thursday, Sept. 30. The conference will be hosted at the KSU&nbsp;Beef&nbsp;Stocker&nbsp;Unit.&nbsp;

“We believe this year’s program will be an exceptional one,” says Dale Blasi, K-State Animal Sciences and Industry professor and&nbsp;beef&nbsp;cattle extension specialist. “The collective wisdom and experience of many producers and university professors will shed a lot of good information as our industry moves into the future.”&nbsp;

The&nbsp;day&nbsp;will start with a welcome at 9:30 a.m. and will conclude around 5 p.m.&nbsp;

Topics for this year’s agenda include: &nbsp;&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>What has worked and what to see in the future,&nbsp;beef&nbsp;cattle outlook, starting newly arrived calves on feed, and the comparison of multiple castration methods in&nbsp;stocker&nbsp;cattle are among topics planned for 2021 Kansas State University&nbsp;Beef&nbsp;Stocker&nbsp;Field&nbsp;Day&nbsp;on Thursday, Sept. 30. The conference will be hosted at the KSU&nbsp;Beef&nbsp;Stocker&nbsp;Unit.&nbsp;“We believe this year’s program will be an exceptional one,” says Dale Blasi, K-State Animal Sciences and Industry professor and&nbsp;beef&nbsp;cattle extension specialist. “The collective wisdom and experience of many producers and university professors will shed a lot of good information as our industry moves into the future.”&nbsp;The&nbsp;day&nbsp;will start with a welcome at 9:30 a.m. and will conclude around 5 p.m.&nbsp;Topics for this year’s agenda include: &nbsp;&nbsp;<ol>
 <li>What Has Worked for Us and What We See into the Future&nbsp;</li><li>Beef Cattle Outlook&nbsp;</li><li>Can You Manage BRD and Coccidiosis Effectively with Receiving Rations for Backgrounding&nbsp;Stockers&nbsp;</li><li>A Novel Approach to Starting Newly Arrived Calves on Feed&nbsp;</li><li>Comparison of Multiple Castration Methods in&nbsp;Stocker&nbsp;Cattle&nbsp; Registration is $25 and due Sept. 10. Walk-in registration is available for $35. To register go to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.asi.k-state.edu/events/stocker-conference.html" target="_blank">asi.ksu.edu/stockerfieldday</a>. For more information, contact Lois Schreiner at 785-532-1267 or&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lschrein@ksu.edu" target="_blank">lschrein@ksu.edu</a>.&nbsp;</li>
 </ol>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

BOOR: Beef Stocker Field Day is this month

Tall fescue lawns that have become thin over the summer can be thickened up by overseeding during September. Start by mowing the grass short (1 to 1.5 inches) and removing the clippings. This will make it easier to achieve good seed-soil contact and increase the amount of light that will reach the young seedlings.

Good seed-soil contact is vital if the overseeding is to be successful. Excess thatch can prevent seeds from reaching the soil and germinating. Normally we want 1/4 inch of thatch or less when overseeding. If the thatch layer is 3/4 inch or more, it is usually easiest to use a sod cutter to remove it and start over with a new lawn. A power rake can be used to reduce a thatch layer that is less than 3/4 inch but more than a quarter inch.

Once thatch is under control, the soil should be prepared for the seed. This can be done in various ways. &nbsp; For small spots, a hand rake can be used to roughen up the soil before the seed is applied,

A verticut machine has solid vertical blades that can be set to cut furrows in the soil. It is best to go in two different directions with the machine. A slit seeder is a verticut machine with a seed hopper added so the soil prep and seeding operation are combined. Another option is to use a core aerator.

The core aerator will punch holes in the soil and deposit the soil cores on the surface of the ground. Each hole produces an excellent environment for seed germination and growth. Make three to four passes with the core aerator to ensure enough holes for the seed. Using a core aerator has the additional benefit of reducing the amount of watering needed to get the seed germinated and growing. Aeration also increases the water infiltration rate, decreases compaction, and increases the amount of oxygen in the soil.

Of the three methods, I prefer the slit seeder for obtaining good seed/soil contact. &nbsp;However, if watering is difficult, core aeration may be a better option. &nbsp;Regardless of the method used, fertilizer should be applied at the rate suggested by a soil test, or a starter fertilizer should be used at the rate suggested on the bag. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at lfick@k-state.edu or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.&nbsp;&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="written by: Lauren Fick - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Lauren Fick - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Tall fescue lawns that have become thin over the summer can be thickened up by overseeding during September. Start by mowing the grass short (1 to 1.5 inches) and removing the clippings. This will make it easier to achieve good seed-soil contact and increase the amount of light that will reach the young seedlings. Good seed-soil contact is vital if the overseeding is to be successful. Excess thatch can prevent seeds from reaching the soil and germinating. Normally we want 1/4 inch of thatch or less when overseeding. If the thatch layer is 3/4 inch or more, it is usually easiest to use a sod cutter to remove it and start over with a new lawn. A power rake can be used to reduce a thatch layer that is less than 3/4 inch but more than a quarter inch. Once thatch is under control, the soil should be prepared for the seed. This can be done in various ways. &nbsp; For small spots, a hand rake can be used to roughen up the soil before the seed is applied, A verticut machine has solid vertical blades that can be set to cut furrows in the soil. It is best to go in two different directions with the machine. A slit seeder is a verticut machine with a seed hopper added so the soil prep and seeding operation are combined. Another option is to use a core aerator. The core aerator will punch holes in the soil and deposit the soil cores on the surface of the ground. Each hole produces an excellent environment for seed germination and growth. Make three to four passes with the core aerator to ensure enough holes for the seed. Using a core aerator has the additional benefit of reducing the amount of watering needed to get the seed germinated and growing. Aeration also increases the water infiltration rate, decreases compaction, and increases the amount of oxygen in the soil. Of the three methods, I prefer the slit seeder for obtaining good seed/soil contact. &nbsp;However, if watering is difficult, core aeration may be a better option. &nbsp;Regardless of the method used, fertilizer should be applied at the rate suggested by a soil test, or a starter fertilizer should be used at the rate suggested on the bag. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at lfick@k-state.edu or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.&nbsp;&nbsp;

FICK: Over-seeding A lawn

We are seeing numerous reports of fall armyworms especially in the southeast and south-central Kansas. &nbsp;Though we have had fall armyworm outbreaks in the past, this is earlier than usual.

Armyworms are so-called because they invade fields or landscapes as large groups and can cause a lawn to turn brown seemingly overnight. Young worms are ½ to 3/4 inch long. Mature ones are 1 ½ inch long. Body-color may vary from green to almost black but light stripes will be visible along the length of the body. Look for a whitish inverted "Y" on the top of the black head. It normally takes 2 to 3 weeks to progress from egg to pupa. The adult is a moth.

Armyworm damage can resemble drought damage but close inspection of the turf will reveal the larvae. Look for active feeding during early morning or evening hours or on cloudy days. Larvae feed on foliage and the resulting dehydration causes to turf to quickly brown. Normally, armyworm damage does not kill established turf but may if populations are high enough. Thick infestations of fall armyworms can damage turfgrass crowns which will kill turf.

Acephate (Orthene, Acephate), spinosad (Conserve; Natural Guard Spinosad, Captain Jack's Deadbug Brew; Monterey Garden Insect Spray), and other insecticides are effective caterpillar killers. Treat in the late afternoon, when the caterpillars are likely to begin feeding. Do not mow for 3 days after treatment. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at lfick@k-state.edu or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer&nbsp;&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/8/1630092821829.png" alt="written by: Lauren Fick - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Lauren Fick - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>We are seeing numerous reports of fall armyworms especially in the southeast and south-central Kansas. &nbsp;Though we have had fall armyworm outbreaks in the past, this is earlier than usual. Armyworms are so-called because they invade fields or landscapes as large groups and can cause a lawn to turn brown seemingly overnight. Young worms are ½ to 3/4 inch long. Mature ones are 1 ½ inch long. Body-color may vary from green to almost black but light stripes will be visible along the length of the body. Look for a whitish inverted "Y" on the top of the black head. It normally takes 2 to 3 weeks to progress from egg to pupa. The adult is a moth. Armyworm damage can resemble drought damage but close inspection of the turf will reveal the larvae. Look for active feeding during early morning or evening hours or on cloudy days. Larvae feed on foliage and the resulting dehydration causes to turf to quickly brown. Normally, armyworm damage does not kill established turf but may if populations are high enough. Thick infestations of fall armyworms can damage turfgrass crowns which will kill turf. Acephate (Orthene, Acephate), spinosad (Conserve; Natural Guard Spinosad, Captain Jack's Deadbug Brew; Monterey Garden Insect Spray), and other insecticides are effective caterpillar killers. Treat in the late afternoon, when the caterpillars are likely to begin feeding. Do not mow for 3 days after treatment. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at lfick@k-state.edu or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer&nbsp;&nbsp;

FICK: Fall armyworms on turf

By COLE REIF Great Bend Post

Do you have a passion for gardening? Do you want to perfect your green
thumb? You might consider the Master Gardener Training course hosted by the
Cottonwood Extension District for your own benefit and to better your
community. 

Through the program, individuals are trained and certified in
horticulture and related areas. 

Barton County Conservation District Manager
Veronica Coons said the training is moving up to begin in September and will be
done virtually. 
"The training will be delivered in real time which is nice," said Coons. "In years past, we had to wait a couple of years in between opportunities for them to schedule people to come to Barton County. Now, people all over the state can go through the training because there is not the travel with the virtual part." 
The Master Gardeners receive training in exchange for help supporting the work
of local gardens including locations at Brit Spaugh Zoo and community and
trial gardens.

Training takes place each Thursday from 1-4 p.m. Sept. 2 - Dec. 16. 
"They're just going to be in the afternoons," said Coons. "In the past, it was a full day. I think this makes it a little easier for some people to fit it into their schedules." 
To register, email Lauren Fick at <a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>.
Applications can also be found at <a href="https://cottonwood.k-state.edu/lawn-garden/MasterGardeners.html">cottonwood.k-state.edu</a>. Registration ends Aug. 30.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/8/1630087661545.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By COLE REIF Great Bend PostDo you have a passion for gardening? Do you want to perfect your green
thumb? You might consider the Master Gardener Training course hosted by the
Cottonwood Extension District for your own benefit and to better your
community. Through the program, individuals are trained and certified in
horticulture and related areas. Barton County Conservation District Manager
Veronica Coons said the training is moving up to begin in September and will be
done virtually. 
"The training will be delivered in real time which is nice," said Coons. "In years past, we had to wait a couple of years in between opportunities for them to schedule people to come to Barton County. Now, people all over the state can go through the training because there is not the travel with the virtual part." 
The Master Gardeners receive training in exchange for help supporting the work
of local gardens including locations at Brit Spaugh Zoo and community and
trial gardens. Training takes place each Thursday from 1-4 p.m. Sept. 2 - Dec. 16. 
"They're just going to be in the afternoons," said Coons. "In the past, it was a full day. I think this makes it a little easier for some people to fit it into their schedules." 
To register, email Lauren Fick at <a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>.
Applications can also be found at <a href="https://cottonwood.k-state.edu/lawn-garden/MasterGardeners.html">cottonwood.k-state.edu</a>. Registration ends Aug. 30.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;

Searching for more ‘Master Gardeners’ in Barton County

Just as college students may feel anxious when they leave their homes and return to campus, fall is also a time when spring-born calves are separated from their mothers and stress ensues. &nbsp;&nbsp;

To minimize the stress felt, the experts at Kansas State University’s Beef Cattle Institute offered management strategies to implement. Discussed on a recent&nbsp;<a href="https://ksubci.org/2021/07/30/low-stress-weaning-managing-immunity-post-weaning-weight-loss-pain-management/" target="_blank">Cattle Chat</a>&nbsp;podcast the experts defined the term low-stress weaning.&nbsp;&nbsp;

“Low stress weaning refers to all the things we do to make it an easier transition from the cow-calf operation to the next step in the production system,” said Brian Lubbers, K-State veterinarian.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Veterinarian Bob Larson added that many producers follow the fence line weaning practice where the calves can still see their mothers through the fence but are unable to nurse. &nbsp;&nbsp;

“We want to promote familiarity and eliminate the novelty of the weaning process, and we do that by offering them feed in a pen while they are still with their mothers or have them drink from a water source like the type they will encounter after weaning,” said Brad White, veterinarian and BCI director. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Regarding feed, BCI nutritionist Phillip Lancaster said the type of feed that works best in the diets of calves transitioning from their mother’s milk is one they are familiar with. &nbsp;&nbsp;

“While they are still with the cow, we want to introduce palatable feeds and begin that transition to a mixed ration and free choice hay,”.&nbsp;&nbsp;“Good, palatable feed choices for calves are distiller’s grains and cottonseed hulls that stimulate intake.”&nbsp;&nbsp;

It is also important to make sure the calves are consuming feed with an adequate protein content along with energy, vitamins and minerals. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Adding grain mix to the diet can come at a cost, but it also reduces weight loss that most calves experience at weaning.&nbsp;&nbsp;

The experts agree that keeping the cattle healthy through this time is key and one way to do that is by helping the animals build their immunity.&nbsp;&nbsp;

“There are two ways calves acquire immunity: Either from the mother directly to the calf through the colostrum, or the calves get it through a natural infection or vaccination,” Lubbers said. &nbsp;&nbsp;

The timing of vaccinations often will depend on the management and marketing for the operation, Larson said.&nbsp;&nbsp;

He added: “For cattle that are not going to be co-mingled with cattle from other herds at weaning, it is fine to give those vaccinations at the time of weaning when you are already working with the calves.” &nbsp;&nbsp;

The bottom line, White said, is to work with a veterinarian to develop a pre-weaning plan that fits best with the goals for the herd. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/6/1592579538317.png" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District</figcaption>
 </figure>Just as college students may feel anxious when they leave their homes and return to campus, fall is also a time when spring-born calves are separated from their mothers and stress ensues. &nbsp;&nbsp;To minimize the stress felt, the experts at Kansas State University’s Beef Cattle Institute offered management strategies to implement. Discussed on a recent&nbsp;<a href="https://ksubci.org/2021/07/30/low-stress-weaning-managing-immunity-post-weaning-weight-loss-pain-management/" target="_blank">Cattle Chat</a>&nbsp;podcast the experts defined the term low-stress weaning.&nbsp;&nbsp;“Low stress weaning refers to all the things we do to make it an easier transition from the cow-calf operation to the next step in the production system,” said Brian Lubbers, K-State veterinarian.&nbsp;&nbsp;Veterinarian Bob Larson added that many producers follow the fence line weaning practice where the calves can still see their mothers through the fence but are unable to nurse. &nbsp;&nbsp;“We want to promote familiarity and eliminate the novelty of the weaning process, and we do that by offering them feed in a pen while they are still with their mothers or have them drink from a water source like the type they will encounter after weaning,” said Brad White, veterinarian and BCI director. &nbsp;&nbsp;<h2>Introducing Feed</h2>Regarding feed, BCI nutritionist Phillip Lancaster said the type of feed that works best in the diets of calves transitioning from their mother’s milk is one they are familiar with. &nbsp;&nbsp;“While they are still with the cow, we want to introduce palatable feeds and begin that transition to a mixed ration and free choice hay,”.&nbsp;&nbsp;“Good, palatable feed choices for calves are distiller’s grains and cottonseed hulls that stimulate intake.”&nbsp;&nbsp;It is also important to make sure the calves are consuming feed with an adequate protein content along with energy, vitamins and minerals. &nbsp;&nbsp;Adding grain mix to the diet can come at a cost, but it also reduces weight loss that most calves experience at weaning.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2>Building Immunity</h2>The experts agree that keeping the cattle healthy through this time is key and one way to do that is by helping the animals build their immunity.&nbsp;&nbsp;“There are two ways calves acquire immunity: Either from the mother directly to the calf through the colostrum, or the calves get it through a natural infection or vaccination,” Lubbers said. &nbsp;&nbsp;The timing of vaccinations often will depend on the management and marketing for the operation, Larson said.&nbsp;&nbsp;He added: “For cattle that are not going to be co-mingled with cattle from other herds at weaning, it is fine to give those vaccinations at the time of weaning when you are already working with the calves.” &nbsp;&nbsp;The bottom line, White said, is to work with a veterinarian to develop a pre-weaning plan that fits best with the goals for the herd. &nbsp;&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

BOOR: Minimizing stress on spring-born calves

Colorful, delicious vegetables are at their peak in August and September. Find plenty of fresh vegetables at the Saturday morning Farmer’s Market this time of year.

Any vegetable can be a delicious addition to a healthful summer meal. However, nutrition experts at K-State Research and Extension urge us to “eat the rainbow” to get the benefits provided by a wide variety of colorful vegetables. Don’t get stuck in a vegetable rut! Move beyond a few family favorites to include many different colors, flavors and textures of summer vegetables. Here are a few ideas to get you started:

1. Tomatoes are one of the top five favorite vegetables in America. Although tomatoes are a fruit, botanically speaking, the US Supreme Court in 1893 declared tomatoes to be a vegetable. Tomatoes are loaded with lycopene, an antioxidant carotenoid thought to protect against several cancers (especially prostate), heart disease and possibly bone loss.

2. Summer Squash. Look for summer squash in many colors and shapes. Zucchini, yellow crookneck, and patty pan (also called white scallop) are all varieties of summer squash. Zucchini comes from an Italian word meaning “sweetest.” Summer squash is very low in calories and contributes vitamin C, fiber and molybdenum to the diet. Summer squash cooks in a variety of ways. Enjoy its mild flavor fresh, grilled, baked, steamed, microwaved, pan-fried or stir-fried.

3. Onions. A rainbow themselves, onions can be red, yellow, white or green. Pungent sulfur compounds (also found in garlic) thin your blood and lower blood pressure, while quercetin-- an antioxidant-- defends against cancer and cataracts. For the most antioxidants, choose red onions over yellow and yellow over white.

4. Eggplant. Years ago, fashionable high-society Chinese women used eggplant skins to stain their teeth black. While eggplant is one of the least-frequently eaten vegetables in the US, it is mild-flavored, versatile, and a caloric bargain at just 13 calories per half-cup serving. For basic broiled eggplant- Preheat the broiler or outdoor grill. Slice eggplant (peeled or unpeeled as you wish) lengthwise into half-inch slices. Brush lightly with olive oil and sprinkle with salt and pepper. Broil or grill for about 10 minutes, turning once, until soft and slightly browned.

Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at bunruh@ksu.edu. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1588274071306.jpeg" alt="written by: Berny Unruh - Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Berny Unruh - Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Colorful, delicious vegetables are at their peak in August and September. Find plenty of fresh vegetables at the Saturday morning Farmer’s Market this time of year.Any vegetable can be a delicious addition to a healthful summer meal. However, nutrition experts at K-State Research and Extension urge us to “eat the rainbow” to get the benefits provided by a wide variety of colorful vegetables. Don’t get stuck in a vegetable rut! Move beyond a few family favorites to include many different colors, flavors and textures of summer vegetables. Here are a few ideas to get you started:1. Tomatoes are one of the top five favorite vegetables in America. Although tomatoes are a fruit, botanically speaking, the US Supreme Court in 1893 declared tomatoes to be a vegetable. Tomatoes are loaded with lycopene, an antioxidant carotenoid thought to protect against several cancers (especially prostate), heart disease and possibly bone loss.2. Summer Squash. Look for summer squash in many colors and shapes. Zucchini, yellow crookneck, and patty pan (also called white scallop) are all varieties of summer squash. Zucchini comes from an Italian word meaning “sweetest.” Summer squash is very low in calories and contributes vitamin C, fiber and molybdenum to the diet. Summer squash cooks in a variety of ways. Enjoy its mild flavor fresh, grilled, baked, steamed, microwaved, pan-fried or stir-fried.3. Onions. A rainbow themselves, onions can be red, yellow, white or green. Pungent sulfur compounds (also found in garlic) thin your blood and lower blood pressure, while quercetin-- an antioxidant-- defends against cancer and cataracts. For the most antioxidants, choose red onions over yellow and yellow over white.4. Eggplant. Years ago, fashionable high-society Chinese women used eggplant skins to stain their teeth black. While eggplant is one of the least-frequently eaten vegetables in the US, it is mild-flavored, versatile, and a caloric bargain at just 13 calories per half-cup serving. For basic broiled eggplant- Preheat the broiler or outdoor grill. Slice eggplant (peeled or unpeeled as you wish) lengthwise into half-inch slices. Brush lightly with olive oil and sprinkle with salt and pepper. Broil or grill for about 10 minutes, turning once, until soft and slightly browned.Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at bunruh@ksu.edu. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

UNRUH: Eat the rainbow of summer vegetables

You have heard a lot about “self-care” during the past year. It is easy to get overloaded with news accounts that we really have no control over. Now, more than ever, people are hoping to find a way to cope with the feelings of anxiousness and uncertainty. It is a good time to explore how meditation and simple exercises can help clear your mind and energize your body.

We have a “Mindful Meditation and Do-In” class that is set to begin September 28th at the Great Bend Activity Center, located at 2715 18th Street. The three week-long class will be held on Tuesday’s and Thursdays from 10 – 11 AM through October 14th. The class that I enjoy leading with my husband, John, opens with a short meditation, followed by exercises. Do-In (pronounced doe-een) exercises are exercises for health. These exercises are suitable for older adults and anyone who is dealing with a chronic condition. The exercises stimulate the energy flow along the acupuncture meridians. The focus is on imagery, breathing and relaxation when performing the Do-In exercises.

During our first session I will introduce participants to a fact sheet I wrote a couple of years ago. The “Everyday Mindfulness” fact sheet offers the following benefits that come from a regular meditation practice:

· Increased ability to relax · Improved concentration · Increased energy and enthusiasm for life · Increased creativity · Increased self-awareness · Improved self-esteem · Improved work/school performance

If the Mindful Meditation and Do-In classes sound like something you would like to participate in, please give me a call to register. There is a $10 fee that may be paid at the Cottonwood Extension Office in Great Bend before the first session September 28th. Class size is limited so call our office at (620)793-1910 to sign up. I hope to see you soon!

Donna Krug is the District Director and the Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>You have heard a lot about “self-care” during the past year. It is easy to get overloaded with news accounts that we really have no control over. Now, more than ever, people are hoping to find a way to cope with the feelings of anxiousness and uncertainty. It is a good time to explore how meditation and simple exercises can help clear your mind and energize your body.We have a “Mindful Meditation and Do-In” class that is set to begin September 28th at the Great Bend Activity Center, located at 2715 18th Street. The three week-long class will be held on Tuesday’s and Thursdays from 10 – 11 AM through October 14th. The class that I enjoy leading with my husband, John, opens with a short meditation, followed by exercises. Do-In (pronounced doe-een) exercises are exercises for health. These exercises are suitable for older adults and anyone who is dealing with a chronic condition. The exercises stimulate the energy flow along the acupuncture meridians. The focus is on imagery, breathing and relaxation when performing the Do-In exercises.During our first session I will introduce participants to a fact sheet I wrote a couple of years ago. The “Everyday Mindfulness” fact sheet offers the following benefits that come from a regular meditation practice:· Increased ability to relax · Improved concentration · Increased energy and enthusiasm for life · Increased creativity · Increased self-awareness · Improved self-esteem · Improved work/school performanceIf the Mindful Meditation and Do-In classes sound like something you would like to participate in, please give me a call to register. There is a $10 fee that may be paid at the Cottonwood Extension Office in Great Bend before the first session September 28th. Class size is limited so call our office at (620)793-1910 to sign up. I hope to see you soon!Donna Krug is the District Director and the Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KRUG: Self-Care is more important than ever

Pre-emergence herbicides with residual activity are an important component of high-yielding cropping systems. They are used less frequently in wheat production compared to other cropping systems in Kansas, but residual herbicides applied prior to wheat emergence can be part of a good weed management system in wheat production. Due to space limitations the table with the selected products for this use are listed in the full article on our web site www.cottonwood.ksu.edu click onto the Crops and Livestock tab and look under Hot Topics.

Most residual herbicides labeled for pre-emergence application in wheat are Group 2 (ALS-inhibiting) herbicides, which are associated with herbicide resistant populations of kochia, marestail (horseweed), bushy wallflower, flixweed, henbit, and brome species in Kansas. Products in Groups 14 (the PPO-inhibiting herbicides) and 15 (the long-chain fatty acid inhibiting herbicides) are also labeled; however, they are generally more dependent on rainfall for activation than the Group 2 herbicides.

Herbicides without residual activity may be applied with or without residual herbicides in the weeks prior to planting wheat. Older products include the Group 2 herbicides Amber, Olympus, and Pre-Pare, as well as Group 4 (plant growth regulating) herbicides like 2,4-D, dicamba, or fluroxypyr (StareDown,). It is especially important to be aware of planting interval restrictions for Group 4 herbicides, which range from 10 to 45 days.

When selecting pre-emergence herbicides for use in wheat production, keep in mind that many of these products are also labeled for use in emerged wheat. Unless using a planned split-application, avoid repeated use of products from the same herbicide group to slow the development of herbicide-resistant weed populations in your fields.

Field bindweed control Field bindweed is a particularly troublesome weed for which a special discussion is justified. In a 12-year experiment conducted at the Agricultural Research Center in Hays, field bindweed reduced wheat yield 2 to 50%. Management of this weed during wheat establishment is important because field bindweed continues to grow until temperatures drop below 20°F.

The herbicides most commonly recommended for field bindweed control include various formulations of 2,4-D, dicamba, and glyphosate. Dicamba tends to provide greater control for fall applications compared to 2,4-D or glyphosate, especially if plants are drought-stressed. Another commonly used product is Facet (quinclorac). It is most effective when applied just before the first killing frost. Other herbicides that are labeled for fall application to control or suppress field bindweed in wheat include Affinity, Aim, and Cimarron.

Satisfactory control of field bindweed will not be achieved with a single herbicide application. It will take multiple years of herbicide applications to deplete the energy stored in the root system and control an established infestation.

For additional information, see the “2021 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, and Noncropland” guide available online at https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/SRP1162.pdf or check with your local K-State Research and Extension office for a paper copy.

The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements.

Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/8/1629479843704.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Pre-emergence herbicides with residual activity are an important component of high-yielding cropping systems. They are used less frequently in wheat production compared to other cropping systems in Kansas, but residual herbicides applied prior to wheat emergence can be part of a good weed management system in wheat production. Due to space limitations the table with the selected products for this use are listed in the full article on our web site www.cottonwood.ksu.edu click onto the Crops and Livestock tab and look under Hot Topics.Most residual herbicides labeled for pre-emergence application in wheat are Group 2 (ALS-inhibiting) herbicides, which are associated with herbicide resistant populations of kochia, marestail (horseweed), bushy wallflower, flixweed, henbit, and brome species in Kansas. Products in Groups 14 (the PPO-inhibiting herbicides) and 15 (the long-chain fatty acid inhibiting herbicides) are also labeled; however, they are generally more dependent on rainfall for activation than the Group 2 herbicides.Herbicides without residual activity may be applied with or without residual herbicides in the weeks prior to planting wheat. Older products include the Group 2 herbicides Amber, Olympus, and Pre-Pare, as well as Group 4 (plant growth regulating) herbicides like 2,4-D, dicamba, or fluroxypyr (StareDown,). It is especially important to be aware of planting interval restrictions for Group 4 herbicides, which range from 10 to 45 days.When selecting pre-emergence herbicides for use in wheat production, keep in mind that many of these products are also labeled for use in emerged wheat. Unless using a planned split-application, avoid repeated use of products from the same herbicide group to slow the development of herbicide-resistant weed populations in your fields.Field bindweed control Field bindweed is a particularly troublesome weed for which a special discussion is justified. In a 12-year experiment conducted at the Agricultural Research Center in Hays, field bindweed reduced wheat yield 2 to 50%. Management of this weed during wheat establishment is important because field bindweed continues to grow until temperatures drop below 20°F.The herbicides most commonly recommended for field bindweed control include various formulations of 2,4-D, dicamba, and glyphosate. Dicamba tends to provide greater control for fall applications compared to 2,4-D or glyphosate, especially if plants are drought-stressed. Another commonly used product is Facet (quinclorac). It is most effective when applied just before the first killing frost. Other herbicides that are labeled for fall application to control or suppress field bindweed in wheat include Affinity, Aim, and Cimarron.Satisfactory control of field bindweed will not be achieved with a single herbicide application. It will take multiple years of herbicide applications to deplete the energy stored in the root system and control an established infestation.For additional information, see the “2021 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, and Noncropland” guide available online at https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/SRP1162.pdf or check with your local K-State Research and Extension office for a paper copy.The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements.Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Pre-emergence herbicides for wheat

Back-to-school days can generate a mix of anxiety, excitement and stress for students and their parents. Parents to want to provide opportunities for children, yet at the same time, protect time for family.

The first thing to remember is to be realistic. If both parents work and children are in after-school or day care programs, picking up the children, settling back into the home after a day away and getting a meal on the table may be all a family can reasonably manage. While this schedule might seem to best match families with younger children, the reality is that choosing the most important after-school or evening activities at any age level will help the family be more organized.

That does that mean that a family should shun school and community activities. Families must choose a mix of school, community and volunteer activities that will work within a realistic schedule. This is a good time to teach decision-making skills. List the pros and cons for different activities, and then ask questions that will help a child look more realistically at the opportunities, rather than a parent just deciding for them.

When looking at the monthly calendar, schedule family time, but occasionally, encourage a child to invite a friend. This is an opportunity for your child to help build his or her relationships, and it gives the parents a chance to get acquainted with a child´s friends.

As a family consider some volunteer opportunities. While giving back is a way in which to share personal talents and energy, doing so as a family allows children to see their parents and siblings in leadership roles working to help others. If there are no volunteer activities planned with the organizations your children are involved in, consider a family volunteer day.

Volunteering to staff a food pantry one Saturday morning a month or pitching in to help older neighbors with a seasonal yard cleanup is a great family activity and a great way to build relationships with the neighborhood. Working together also can lay a foundation for community involvement and service that will benefit both the child and his or her community in the future.

Charlotte Shoup-Olsen shared this information many years ago and I think it is still valid. Charlotte was a former Kansas State University Research and Extension Family Systems Specialist. Have a great school year!

Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at bunruh@ksu.edu K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1588274071306.jpeg" alt="written by: Berny Unruh - Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>written by: Berny Unruh - Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Back-to-school days can generate a mix of anxiety, excitement and stress for students and their parents. Parents to want to provide opportunities for children, yet at the same time, protect time for family.The first thing to remember is to be realistic. If both parents work and children are in after-school or day care programs, picking up the children, settling back into the home after a day away and getting a meal on the table may be all a family can reasonably manage. While this schedule might seem to best match families with younger children, the reality is that choosing the most important after-school or evening activities at any age level will help the family be more organized.That does that mean that a family should shun school and community activities. Families must choose a mix of school, community and volunteer activities that will work within a realistic schedule. This is a good time to teach decision-making skills. List the pros and cons for different activities, and then ask questions that will help a child look more realistically at the opportunities, rather than a parent just deciding for them.When looking at the monthly calendar, schedule family time, but occasionally, encourage a child to invite a friend. This is an opportunity for your child to help build his or her relationships, and it gives the parents a chance to get acquainted with a child´s friends.As a family consider some volunteer opportunities. While giving back is a way in which to share personal talents and energy, doing so as a family allows children to see their parents and siblings in leadership roles working to help others. If there are no volunteer activities planned with the organizations your children are involved in, consider a family volunteer day.Volunteering to staff a food pantry one Saturday morning a month or pitching in to help older neighbors with a seasonal yard cleanup is a great family activity and a great way to build relationships with the neighborhood. Working together also can lay a foundation for community involvement and service that will benefit both the child and his or her community in the future.Charlotte Shoup-Olsen shared this information many years ago and I think it is still valid. Charlotte was a former Kansas State University Research and Extension Family Systems Specialist. Have a great school year!Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at bunruh@ksu.edu K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

UNRUH: Back to school days

Just over 5 months ago I learned that our Cottonwood Extension District - Great Bend office, would need to find new office space at the end of the year. Our home for the past 26 years has been the southeast corner of the old Boogardts supermarket located at 12th and Baker. We are grateful for the space that has been provided by the Barton County Commissioners and understand the need they have to provide additional offices for court services.

We went to work immediately checking out several properties for rent or sale in the area and have found one that will fit our needs. Our new office will be located at 3007 10th Street. Some of you will remember when it was the driver’s license renewal office many years ago or the Kansas Lottery office. While we won’t be moving everything until the week after Thanksgiving, it is time to start going through our cabinets and closets to sort items that we want to recycle, discard, or keep. Earlier this week our Cottonwood Team members met in our office to move the process along.

So far, the oldest publication I have found in my stash is a bulletin titled, “The Care of Leather” from 1920. Another publication from the 1920’s talks about making and using cottage cheese. I also found some Family Circle magazines from the 1940’s that I delivered to the Barton County Historical Society to display. While some of these publications discuss topics that have become a lost art, it is time to move on. Even much of the nutrition information that was pre-2010 needs a quick review since we follow the MyPlate guide for healthy eating instead of the Food pyramid.

Twenty-six years in one spot, creates an accumulation of notebooks, program materials, equipment and files that could easily fill a semi-truck. After all, when we moved from the courthouse in July of 1995, we were still using typewriters, and had barely heard of the internet. K-State Research and Extension continues to provide unbiased research-based answers to your questions related to agriculture and natural resources, horticulture, family life and youth development. With the move to our new location, the publication room will be transforming the most as we print the most recent information on demand.

I know you will all bear with us as our moving date gets closer. We will likely find some treasures that will need to find a new home, so stay tuned. I will keep you posted!

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Just over 5 months ago I learned that our Cottonwood Extension District - Great Bend office, would need to find new office space at the end of the year. Our home for the past 26 years has been the southeast corner of the old Boogardts supermarket located at 12th and Baker. We are grateful for the space that has been provided by the Barton County Commissioners and understand the need they have to provide additional offices for court services.We went to work immediately checking out several properties for rent or sale in the area and have found one that will fit our needs. Our new office will be located at 3007 10th Street. Some of you will remember when it was the driver’s license renewal office many years ago or the Kansas Lottery office. While we won’t be moving everything until the week after Thanksgiving, it is time to start going through our cabinets and closets to sort items that we want to recycle, discard, or keep. Earlier this week our Cottonwood Team members met in our office to move the process along.So far, the oldest publication I have found in my stash is a bulletin titled, “The Care of Leather” from 1920. Another publication from the 1920’s talks about making and using cottage cheese. I also found some Family Circle magazines from the 1940’s that I delivered to the Barton County Historical Society to display. While some of these publications discuss topics that have become a lost art, it is time to move on. Even much of the nutrition information that was pre-2010 needs a quick review since we follow the MyPlate guide for healthy eating instead of the Food pyramid.Twenty-six years in one spot, creates an accumulation of notebooks, program materials, equipment and files that could easily fill a semi-truck. After all, when we moved from the courthouse in July of 1995, we were still using typewriters, and had barely heard of the internet. K-State Research and Extension continues to provide unbiased research-based answers to your questions related to agriculture and natural resources, horticulture, family life and youth development. With the move to our new location, the publication room will be transforming the most as we print the most recent information on demand.I know you will all bear with us as our moving date gets closer. We will likely find some treasures that will need to find a new home, so stay tuned. I will keep you posted!Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider.

KRUG: Moving is a BIG job

We had the opportunity to travel a couple of weeks ago and I was in my favorite seat by the window just in front of the airplane wing.

As I looked out, I noticed the rivets. Have you ever thought about that tiny, seemingly insignificant piece of metal? Rivets are fun accessories on jeans or handbags but also hold things – like airplanes – together!

When I think of the number of men and women painstakingly installing each rivet in just the correct place so that each piece lines up and creates a safe vehicle for us to travel in, I am amazed. Additionally, it requires a substantial amount of force to properly set a rivet. If a rivet fails or is installed incorrectly, it can cause dire circumstances for everyone involved.

I find many analogies for youth development and those rivets! Raising the next generation of community and business leaders takes men and women who invest time and energy into providing positive learning experiences.

I often tell 4-H kids that life lessons stink…..that’s why they are life lessons; it often takes tough situations for each of us to learn patience and perseverance which is the force needed to set the rivets. We also need to check regularly for wear and tear. On equipment this necessary maintenance keeps things moving smoothly and safely; on people, this maintenance is crucial for healthy minds and bodies.

This is much the same for our communities. Yes, we need structure and purpose but it takes each of us holding our small bit together to get us all where we are going!

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.

Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County office. For more information on this article or other 4-H and Youth Development related questions, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1579114162620.jpeg" alt="written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>We had the opportunity to travel a couple of weeks ago and I was in my favorite seat by the window just in front of the airplane wing.As I looked out, I noticed the rivets. Have you ever thought about that tiny, seemingly insignificant piece of metal? Rivets are fun accessories on jeans or handbags but also hold things – like airplanes – together!When I think of the number of men and women painstakingly installing each rivet in just the correct place so that each piece lines up and creates a safe vehicle for us to travel in, I am amazed. Additionally, it requires a substantial amount of force to properly set a rivet. If a rivet fails or is installed incorrectly, it can cause dire circumstances for everyone involved.I find many analogies for youth development and those rivets! Raising the next generation of community and business leaders takes men and women who invest time and energy into providing positive learning experiences.I often tell 4-H kids that life lessons stink…..that’s why they are life lessons; it often takes tough situations for each of us to learn patience and perseverance which is the force needed to set the rivets. We also need to check regularly for wear and tear. On equipment this necessary maintenance keeps things moving smoothly and safely; on people, this maintenance is crucial for healthy minds and bodies.This is much the same for our communities. Yes, we need structure and purpose but it takes each of us holding our small bit together to get us all where we are going!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County office. For more information on this article or other 4-H and Youth Development related questions, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call 620-793-1910.

BERAN: Rivets

Many gardeners make compost without understanding how to use it around the home. Composthas a number of horticultural applications, which are described below.

Fertilization and soil improvement. Organic materials can be added to improve soil looseness and workability. Heavy, tight clay soils benefit from the loosening effects of composted organic materials. In sandy soils, organic material acts as a sponge to hold water and nutrients.Compost contains nutrients plants require. The amount of specific nutrients depends on the types of materials composted and how much water the pile contains. The suggested application rate is 50 to 100 pounds per 100 square feet, which is about ¼ inch of material spread over the entire garden. The best time to apply compost is just before tillage in either the spring or fall to incorporate the compost throughout the root zone. In Kansas, garden soils are often tilled in the fall. Compost made early in the season should be ready by then, or use last year’s compost if you have a two-pile system.

Compost at planting. Apply a band of compost in the bottom of a row trench or add several shovels full to the bottom of planting holes. Tomato plants, perennial flowers, trees, and shrubs benefit from the slow release of nutrients through the early growth period. Compost can be applied as a top dressing for seeded vegetables and flowers to prevent soil crusting. It can be used as a substitute for soluble fertilizer or starter solution when mixed in equal parts with water. Leftover compost can be added to garden soil later.

Potting mix for seedlings. Compost that has been screened for large particles can be mixed with soil or sand in approximately equal parts, and then used as a growing medium. To ensure healthy seedlings, compost should be well deteriorated and free of harmful disease organisms and insects.

Using compost on a lawn. The best way to use compost is to apply it liberally before planting. Fertilize by adding a thin layer of top dressing every year. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at lfick@k-state.edu or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="written by: Lauren Fick - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Lauren Fick - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Many gardeners make compost without understanding how to use it around the home. Composthas a number of horticultural applications, which are described below. Fertilization and soil improvement. Organic materials can be added to improve soil looseness and workability. Heavy, tight clay soils benefit from the loosening effects of composted organic materials. In sandy soils, organic material acts as a sponge to hold water and nutrients.Compost contains nutrients plants require. The amount of specific nutrients depends on the types of materials composted and how much water the pile contains. The suggested application rate is 50 to 100 pounds per 100 square feet, which is about ¼ inch of material spread over the entire garden. The best time to apply compost is just before tillage in either the spring or fall to incorporate the compost throughout the root zone. In Kansas, garden soils are often tilled in the fall. Compost made early in the season should be ready by then, or use last year’s compost if you have a two-pile system. Compost at planting. Apply a band of compost in the bottom of a row trench or add several shovels full to the bottom of planting holes. Tomato plants, perennial flowers, trees, and shrubs benefit from the slow release of nutrients through the early growth period. Compost can be applied as a top dressing for seeded vegetables and flowers to prevent soil crusting. It can be used as a substitute for soluble fertilizer or starter solution when mixed in equal parts with water. Leftover compost can be added to garden soil later. Potting mix for seedlings. Compost that has been screened for large particles can be mixed with soil or sand in approximately equal parts, and then used as a growing medium. To ensure healthy seedlings, compost should be well deteriorated and free of harmful disease organisms and insects. Using compost on a lawn. The best way to use compost is to apply it liberally before planting. Fertilize by adding a thin layer of top dressing every year. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at lfick@k-state.edu or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.&nbsp;

FICK: Using compost

Electric pressure cookers are a small appliance that can be a great addition to the kitchen. There are many foods that can be cooked quickly and taste great and so for some families it is a good investment. One question that I have often been asked: “Can I use my electric pressure cooker to pressure can vegetables or other foods?” The answer is No!

Researchers and public health officials say the risk is too high. Researchers at Utah State University Extension have release preliminary data showing the electric pressure cookers do not always reach high enough temperatures for the proper amount of time to safely can low-acid foods including vegetables, beans, meats, poultry, fish and soups. The scientists focused on the use of these cookers at altitudes across their state and determined that they are not safe to use.

Some manufacturers have been including directions for home canning with their products. The companies have not completed process development work to document the temperature throughout the units remain at he given pressure throughout the whole process time. The National Center for Home Food Preservation states that the thermal process canning relates the temperatures in the jars to the temperature inside the canner throughout the processing. It is ultimately the temperature and heat distribution inside the jars that matters for the destruction of microorganism in the food product. In order to ensure the safety of the final product, the temperature in the canner must stay at minimum throughout the process time. And the cooling down process also needs to be considered. While a variety of illnesses can result from eating under-processed food, one of the most dangerous is botulism poisoning. Untreated, botulism can result in death. It is not worth taking the risk!

There are many variables that need to be just right in order for home canned foods to be safe. Only tested recipes from 1995-present, adjusted for altitude and from a trusted source are to be used. Recipes from University Extension Food Preservation publications, USDA, the Ball Blue book or with a commercial canning mix should be used. More information can be found at https://www.rrc.k-state.edu/ Look on the left side for Food Preservation and check out Karen Blakeslee’s videos on canning.

Karen Blakeslee, Londa Nwadike, and Susan Mills-Gray from Missouri University and Kansas State University are the Home Food Preservation Newsletter team. You can subscribe to receive the newsletter automatically by signing up at: https://extension2.missouri.edu/programs/food-preservation

Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at bunruh@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/12/1576703253818.png" alt="written by: Berny Unruh - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Berny Unruh - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Electric pressure cookers are a small appliance that can be a great addition to the kitchen. There are many foods that can be cooked quickly and taste great and so for some families it is a good investment. One question that I have often been asked: “Can I use my electric pressure cooker to pressure can vegetables or other foods?” The answer is No!Researchers and public health officials say the risk is too high. Researchers at Utah State University Extension have release preliminary data showing the electric pressure cookers do not always reach high enough temperatures for the proper amount of time to safely can low-acid foods including vegetables, beans, meats, poultry, fish and soups. The scientists focused on the use of these cookers at altitudes across their state and determined that they are not safe to use.Some manufacturers have been including directions for home canning with their products. The companies have not completed process development work to document the temperature throughout the units remain at he given pressure throughout the whole process time. The National Center for Home Food Preservation states that the thermal process canning relates the temperatures in the jars to the temperature inside the canner throughout the processing. It is ultimately the temperature and heat distribution inside the jars that matters for the destruction of microorganism in the food product. In order to ensure the safety of the final product, the temperature in the canner must stay at minimum throughout the process time. And the cooling down process also needs to be considered. While a variety of illnesses can result from eating under-processed food, one of the most dangerous is botulism poisoning. Untreated, botulism can result in death. It is not worth taking the risk!There are many variables that need to be just right in order for home canned foods to be safe. Only tested recipes from 1995-present, adjusted for altitude and from a trusted source are to be used. Recipes from University Extension Food Preservation publications, USDA, the Ball Blue book or with a commercial canning mix should be used. More information can be found at https://www.rrc.k-state.edu/ Look on the left side for Food Preservation and check out Karen Blakeslee’s videos on canning.Karen Blakeslee, Londa Nwadike, and Susan Mills-Gray from Missouri University and Kansas State University are the Home Food Preservation Newsletter team. You can subscribe to receive the newsletter automatically by signing up at: https://extension2.missouri.edu/programs/food-preservationBerny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at bunruh@ksu.edu.

UNRUH: Electric pressure cookers are NOT for canning

Peonies are a favorite perennial of gardeners because of their beauty and low maintenance. In Kansas, peonies provide a beautiful display of flowers each spring before Memorial Day. Though peonies can be left in place indefinitely, many gardeners wish to increase their plantings and use a process known as division to accomplish this. Keep in mind, however, that peonies often take about three years to return to full bloom and size after division. Fall is the traditional time to divide these plants. Peonies are essentially dormant by mid-August even though the foliage is still green. The first step in division is to remove the foliage. Then dig out the entire plant. Shake and wash off as much soil as possible so that the pink buds or "eyes" are visible. Peony roots are tough, and a sharp knife is needed to cut the roots into separate pieces. Make sure each division has three to four buds. Make sure the location chosen for planting receives at least a half-day of full sun. However, the more sun, the better. Space the plants so that there is at least 2 feet between dwarf types and 4 feet between the standard types. Follow the same rules for planting these divisions as you do for new plants. Make sure the pink buds are about 1 inch below the soil surface. If they are set more than 2 inches deep, flowering may be delayed or completely prevented. As you set the plants, firm soil often as it is added around the plant. If the soil is not firmed, it can settle and pull the plant down with it. Water in well after planting and water as necessary through the fall and winter to keep the soil moist. &nbsp; It is often a good idea to add mulch to the new planting to protect it from heaving. The alternate freezing and thawing that commonly occurs during Kansas winters can "heave" weakly rooted plants out of the ground. Add a mulch of straw, leaves, compost or other material after the soil freezes. Remember, it is not the cold that harms these plants but the alternate freezing and thawing of the soil. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="written by: Lauren Fick - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Lauren Fick - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Peonies are a favorite perennial of gardeners because of their beauty and low maintenance. In Kansas, peonies provide a beautiful display of flowers each spring before Memorial Day. Though peonies can be left in place indefinitely, many gardeners wish to increase their plantings and use a process known as division to accomplish this. Keep in mind, however, that peonies often take about three years to return to full bloom and size after division. Fall is the traditional time to divide these plants. Peonies are essentially dormant by mid-August even though the foliage is still green. The first step in division is to remove the foliage. Then dig out the entire plant. Shake and wash off as much soil as possible so that the pink buds or "eyes" are visible. Peony roots are tough, and a sharp knife is needed to cut the roots into separate pieces. Make sure each division has three to four buds. Make sure the location chosen for planting receives at least a half-day of full sun. However, the more sun, the better. Space the plants so that there is at least 2 feet between dwarf types and 4 feet between the standard types. Follow the same rules for planting these divisions as you do for new plants. Make sure the pink buds are about 1 inch below the soil surface. If they are set more than 2 inches deep, flowering may be delayed or completely prevented. As you set the plants, firm soil often as it is added around the plant. If the soil is not firmed, it can settle and pull the plant down with it. Water in well after planting and water as necessary through the fall and winter to keep the soil moist. &nbsp; It is often a good idea to add mulch to the new planting to protect it from heaving. The alternate freezing and thawing that commonly occurs during Kansas winters can "heave" weakly rooted plants out of the ground. Add a mulch of straw, leaves, compost or other material after the soil freezes. Remember, it is not the cold that harms these plants but the alternate freezing and thawing of the soil. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.

FICK: Dividing peonies

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed many of our daily routines in a way no one anticipated. Isolation and being at home often cause a temptation to eat snacks or meals that are high in sugar, fat, or salt, rather than nutrient-dense whole foods that can also be delicious. A day that previously included many steps and other physical activity has undergone an unprecedented lifestyle shift. A more sedentary lifestyle, either watching TV or sitting at your computer for hours has become the norm.

So, what are some things we can do to maintain a healthy and active lifestyle and routine while the world around us has adapted to limiting exposure to COVID-19?

· Stay active – While you may not feel comfortable with sessions at the gym, there are lots of safe alternatives for getting physical activity. Going for a brisk walk outside in an uncrowded area is always a great idea. My daily bike rides to and from my office continue to energize me and provide me the perfect time to de-stress, morning, noon, or at the end of the workday.

· Adequate sleep – Good sleep is essential to our overall health. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), “Immune system activation alters sleep, and sleep in turn affects our body’s defense system.” While the amount of sleep needed for good health and optimum performance depends on the individual, the CDC recommends adults aged 18-60 years get seven or more hours of sleep per night.

· Diet and nutrition – Practicing self-discipline and avoiding “emotional eating” due to stress that may be related to the changes surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic is imperative. Whole foods like dark, leafy greens, as well as other colorful fruits and vegetables, are loaded with vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Many herbs and seasonings bolster the immune system as well. Adding whole grains to your everyday meal plan is always a good idea. Make it a habit to try to eat more nutritious foods instead of highly processed snacks or fast food.

· Self-care – We’ve heard a lot about self-care during the past 18 months. Consider practicing meditation, relaxation techniques, or spending quality time with family to help promote overall wellness. Find a positive coping mechanism that works for you. Perhaps it is spending time with your hobby like playing the piano, reading, or creating something with wood or fabric.

· Stay connected – Our busy lives before COVID-19 may have limited how often we connected with distant loved ones. Take time to utilize the multitude of technologies that can help you stay in touch with those you love.

Continue to be diligent in your personal hygiene with regular handwashing and wearing a mask when in crowded public places. Stay healthy and safe in the weeks ahead!

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>The COVID-19 pandemic has changed many of our daily routines in a way no one anticipated. Isolation and being at home often cause a temptation to eat snacks or meals that are high in sugar, fat, or salt, rather than nutrient-dense whole foods that can also be delicious. A day that previously included many steps and other physical activity has undergone an unprecedented lifestyle shift. A more sedentary lifestyle, either watching TV or sitting at your computer for hours has become the norm.So, what are some things we can do to maintain a healthy and active lifestyle and routine while the world around us has adapted to limiting exposure to COVID-19?· Stay active – While you may not feel comfortable with sessions at the gym, there are lots of safe alternatives for getting physical activity. Going for a brisk walk outside in an uncrowded area is always a great idea. My daily bike rides to and from my office continue to energize me and provide me the perfect time to de-stress, morning, noon, or at the end of the workday.· Adequate sleep – Good sleep is essential to our overall health. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), “Immune system activation alters sleep, and sleep in turn affects our body’s defense system.” While the amount of sleep needed for good health and optimum performance depends on the individual, the CDC recommends adults aged 18-60 years get seven or more hours of sleep per night.· Diet and nutrition – Practicing self-discipline and avoiding “emotional eating” due to stress that may be related to the changes surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic is imperative. Whole foods like dark, leafy greens, as well as other colorful fruits and vegetables, are loaded with vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Many herbs and seasonings bolster the immune system as well. Adding whole grains to your everyday meal plan is always a good idea. Make it a habit to try to eat more nutritious foods instead of highly processed snacks or fast food.· Self-care – We’ve heard a lot about self-care during the past 18 months. Consider practicing meditation, relaxation techniques, or spending quality time with family to help promote overall wellness. Find a positive coping mechanism that works for you. Perhaps it is spending time with your hobby like playing the piano, reading, or creating something with wood or fabric.· Stay connected – Our busy lives before COVID-19 may have limited how often we connected with distant loved ones. Take time to utilize the multitude of technologies that can help you stay in touch with those you love.Continue to be diligent in your personal hygiene with regular handwashing and wearing a mask when in crowded public places. Stay healthy and safe in the weeks ahead!Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider.

KRUG: Lifestyle tips to stay healthy during the pandemic

Grain sorghum is in various stages of flowering in the southwest right now. Once flowering begins, growers might want to keep an eye out for sorghum midge. Historically, sorghum midge has not been a significant pest in Kansas and has been primarily observed in the southeast portion of the state.&nbsp; However, in the last several years, there have been localized outbreaks in the south-central, west-central and southwestern portions of the state. Growers that had issues in previous seasons should pay close attention to their fields as it is unclear if this pest is going to start playing a bigger role in our annual sorghum pest lineup. Sorghum growers in these regions are encouraged to scout for sorghum midge this year.&nbsp;If midges are observed, sharing that information with your local extension agent would provide useful information as to the distribution of the midge during the 2021 growing season.&nbsp;

To scout for sorghum midge, carefully observe a flowering head while the anthers are still bright yellow and look for tiny red flies on and around the flowers. The best time of day to do this is in the morning before the afternoon sun and wind pick up. Midges are delicate fliers and do not live more than 48 hours. Alternatively, you can use a clear plastic bag to scout. To use the bag, place it over the flowering head and shake the bag. Keeping the bag on the flowering head, look to see if any midges fly up and collect inside at the top of the bag. Later in the season as heads mature, growers can scout for evidence of midge damage as well. The damage will appear as blank zones on the flowering heads. In these blank zones, the grains never formed because the midge larvae consumed the seeds while they were developing; the area where a mature seed should be will be relatively flattened. Be careful not to mistake bird damage for midge damage. Bird damage will have more of a “blasted” look.&nbsp;

Sharing reports of damage would be useful while we track this pest. At the time of this writing, midge has not been observed on any sorghum flowers so far in the Garden City area. However, sorghum midges were collected in the area from flowering Johnsongrass (another host) on July 1st.

To see pictures of the sorghum midge, what the damage looks like from the midge compared to bird damage. Go to&nbsp;<a href="http://www.cottonwood.ksu.edu/" target="_blank">www.cottonwood.ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;click on Crops and Livestock and look under Hot Topics.

&nbsp;Information provided by Anthony Zukoff, Entomology Extension Associate – Garden City.

Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430, if after hours please leave a voice mail for a return call.

Stacy Campbell Agriculture &amp; Natural Resources Extension Agent Cottonwood Extension District 601 Main Street, Hays, KS. <a href="mailto:scampbel@ksu.edu" target="_blank">scampbel@ksu.edu</a>

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/8/1628786994888.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Grain sorghum is in various stages of flowering in the southwest right now. Once flowering begins, growers might want to keep an eye out for sorghum midge. Historically, sorghum midge has not been a significant pest in Kansas and has been primarily observed in the southeast portion of the state.&nbsp; However, in the last several years, there have been localized outbreaks in the south-central, west-central and southwestern portions of the state. Growers that had issues in previous seasons should pay close attention to their fields as it is unclear if this pest is going to start playing a bigger role in our annual sorghum pest lineup. Sorghum growers in these regions are encouraged to scout for sorghum midge this year.&nbsp;If midges are observed, sharing that information with your local extension agent would provide useful information as to the distribution of the midge during the 2021 growing season.&nbsp;To scout for sorghum midge, carefully observe a flowering head while the anthers are still bright yellow and look for tiny red flies on and around the flowers. The best time of day to do this is in the morning before the afternoon sun and wind pick up. Midges are delicate fliers and do not live more than 48 hours. Alternatively, you can use a clear plastic bag to scout. To use the bag, place it over the flowering head and shake the bag. Keeping the bag on the flowering head, look to see if any midges fly up and collect inside at the top of the bag. Later in the season as heads mature, growers can scout for evidence of midge damage as well. The damage will appear as blank zones on the flowering heads. In these blank zones, the grains never formed because the midge larvae consumed the seeds while they were developing; the area where a mature seed should be will be relatively flattened. Be careful not to mistake bird damage for midge damage. Bird damage will have more of a “blasted” look.&nbsp;Sharing reports of damage would be useful while we track this pest. At the time of this writing, midge has not been observed on any sorghum flowers so far in the Garden City area. However, sorghum midges were collected in the area from flowering Johnsongrass (another host) on July 1st.To see pictures of the sorghum midge, what the damage looks like from the midge compared to bird damage. Go to&nbsp;<a href="http://www.cottonwood.ksu.edu/" target="_blank">www.cottonwood.ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;click on Crops and Livestock and look under Hot Topics.&nbsp;Information provided by Anthony Zukoff, Entomology Extension Associate – Garden City.Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430, if after hours please leave a voice mail for a return call.Stacy Campbell Agriculture &amp; Natural Resources Extension Agent Cottonwood Extension District 601 Main Street, Hays, KS. <a href="mailto:scampbel@ksu.edu" target="_blank">scampbel@ksu.edu</a>

Sorghum midge activity in Southwest Kansas

Typically, wheat growers will keep back enough of their wheat seed to plant again, but also they may be looking to replace a variety in an effort to reduce seed borne diseases, and to improve genetics for various factors including but not limited to yield and disease prevention.

Each year many county agents put out wheat variety demonstration plots and conduct field days to view and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of varieties and wheat production issues. Most demonstration plots are also harvested. For further details of the cultural practices of the plot go to our web site at www.cottonwood.ksu.edu This demonstration wheat plot should not be used solely for making your variety selection decisions, it is more for showing and talking about the varieties each year at the field day.

Instead I would highly encourage growers to make your variety selection decisions based on the K-State Agricultural Experiment Stations replicated wheat performance tests. They are randomized replicated trials, meaning each variety is randomly planted in 4 different spots in the field, all seed is either foundation or registered. Replicated field trials will account for or smooth out the variability within a field, and thus are more accurate. These results from the Agricultural Experiment Stations can also be found on our web site.

Yield should not be the only consideration in your selection, and multiple years of data should be considered. This plot was not harvested in 2019, therefore there is not a three-year average. Some other important considerations are stripe &amp; leaf rust resistance, drought tolerance, winter hardiness, straw strength, shattering reputation, maturity and test weight. Each grower may differ some in what is most important to them and may add other considerations not mentioned. A good resource is “Wheat Variety Disease and Insect Ratings” publication that is updated yearly, it will be posted on our web site as well, click onto Crops and Livestock, and look under Hot Topics.

Many thanks to Great Bend Coop without their support we would not have had a plot this year, Ed Junior Farm, and American Ag Credit.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/8/1628260103044.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Typically, wheat growers will keep back enough of their wheat seed to plant again, but also they may be looking to replace a variety in an effort to reduce seed borne diseases, and to improve genetics for various factors including but not limited to yield and disease prevention.Each year many county agents put out wheat variety demonstration plots and conduct field days to view and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of varieties and wheat production issues. Most demonstration plots are also harvested. For further details of the cultural practices of the plot go to our web site at www.cottonwood.ksu.edu This demonstration wheat plot should not be used solely for making your variety selection decisions, it is more for showing and talking about the varieties each year at the field day.Instead I would highly encourage growers to make your variety selection decisions based on the K-State Agricultural Experiment Stations replicated wheat performance tests. They are randomized replicated trials, meaning each variety is randomly planted in 4 different spots in the field, all seed is either foundation or registered. Replicated field trials will account for or smooth out the variability within a field, and thus are more accurate. These results from the Agricultural Experiment Stations can also be found on our web site.Yield should not be the only consideration in your selection, and multiple years of data should be considered. This plot was not harvested in 2019, therefore there is not a three-year average. Some other important considerations are stripe &amp; leaf rust resistance, drought tolerance, winter hardiness, straw strength, shattering reputation, maturity and test weight. Each grower may differ some in what is most important to them and may add other considerations not mentioned. A good resource is “Wheat Variety Disease and Insect Ratings” publication that is updated yearly, it will be posted on our web site as well, click onto Crops and Livestock, and look under Hot Topics.Many thanks to Great Bend Coop without their support we would not have had a plot this year, Ed Junior Farm, and American Ag Credit.

CAMPBELL: Barton County wheat variety demonstration plot

If there are areas of the garden that are done producing, chop and shred residue in preparation for tilling. If soils are wet, wait a few days so the soil is no longer muddy. Tilling in residue allows plant material to decompose and helps reduce insect and disease problems for the next year. Also, consider using a cover crop to hold the soil and increase the organic matter content of the soil. Small grains such as wheat should be seeded at 3/4 to 1 pound of seed per 1,000 square feet from mid-September to late October. &nbsp;Spring oats can also be seeded until mid-September but the rate should be 2 to 4 pounds per 1,000 square feet. &nbsp;Spring oats will winter kill and can be tilled under in the spring. &nbsp;Legume cover crops such as hairy vetch, alfalfa, and sweet clover provide an additional benefit by "fixing" nitrogen, thereby increasing the fertility of the soil. Each of these should be seeded at about 1/4 to ½ pounds of seed per 1,000 square feet of garden. Sweetclover should be seeded from August to early September and hairy vetch and alfalfa from mid-August to late September. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="written by: Lauren Fick - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Lauren Fick - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>If there are areas of the garden that are done producing, chop and shred residue in preparation for tilling. If soils are wet, wait a few days so the soil is no longer muddy. Tilling in residue allows plant material to decompose and helps reduce insect and disease problems for the next year. Also, consider using a cover crop to hold the soil and increase the organic matter content of the soil. Small grains such as wheat should be seeded at 3/4 to 1 pound of seed per 1,000 square feet from mid-September to late October. &nbsp;Spring oats can also be seeded until mid-September but the rate should be 2 to 4 pounds per 1,000 square feet. &nbsp;Spring oats will winter kill and can be tilled under in the spring. &nbsp;Legume cover crops such as hairy vetch, alfalfa, and sweet clover provide an additional benefit by "fixing" nitrogen, thereby increasing the fertility of the soil. Each of these should be seeded at about 1/4 to ½ pounds of seed per 1,000 square feet of garden. Sweetclover should be seeded from August to early September and hairy vetch and alfalfa from mid-August to late September. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

FICK: Preparing the vegetable garden for next year

Shiny red tomatoes and fresh green beans are showing up at farmer’s markets, reminding us that it is time to get the canner out of the cupboard. Common questions at this time of year at the Extension Office relate to the recommended canning practices. Whether you are canning for the first time or have years of experience, it is a good idea to reinforce correct procedures.

K-State Research and Extension has provided hands-on food preservation workshops in the past. We learned how to dry fruit and herbs, can carrots and salsa and made jelly a couple of different ways. Care was taken to follow food safety practices with all of the recipes we prepared. The book “So Easy to Preserve” from the University of Georgia, is a wonderful guide with question and answer sections at the end of each chapter.

People are always looking for shortcuts when food preservation is concerned. Unless food is preserved in some manner, it begins to spoil soon after it is harvested. This spoilage is caused by microorganisms; physical damage such as bruising, water loss, or punctures; or by chemical changes such as those caused by enzymes. Enzymes are the chemical substances in foods that help them to grow and mature. If the enzymes in fruits and vegetables are not inactivated, they continue to work after harvest, causing flavor and texture changes. Enzymes can be inactivated by blanching, which is a quick method when the food is held at boiling temperatures for a specified period of time.

Blanching is something many people want to skip, but I encourage them not to. Blanching just takes a few minutes. Once the food has been held in boiling water for a few minute, (usually less than 5) you will want to put it in ice water for the same number of minutes. It is an important step that should not be skipped.

Please note that some foods may be better suited for canning; others for freezing or drying. Consider how you would prefer to store your finished products, how much it will cost, and how your family will like the product.

Remember, we have several excellent publications available for specific vegetables and fruits you may want to preserve. You can access these resources by visiting the KSRE web site and clicking on the food link and then food preservation. As I was checking out some of the publications earlier this week, I noticed there are several publications that address home canning for special diets.

Remember, too, we have a testing device in each of our Cottonwood Extension offices to check the accuracy of your pressure canner gauge. A dial gauge can be checked in a matter of minutes, so give me a call the Great Bend office or Berny a call in Hays and we can set up a time to test your gauge.

Donna Krug is the Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent and District Director for the Cottonwood Extension District – Great Bend Office. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Shiny red tomatoes and fresh green beans are showing up at farmer’s markets, reminding us that it is time to get the canner out of the cupboard. Common questions at this time of year at the Extension Office relate to the recommended canning practices. Whether you are canning for the first time or have years of experience, it is a good idea to reinforce correct procedures.K-State Research and Extension has provided hands-on food preservation workshops in the past. We learned how to dry fruit and herbs, can carrots and salsa and made jelly a couple of different ways. Care was taken to follow food safety practices with all of the recipes we prepared. The book “So Easy to Preserve” from the University of Georgia, is a wonderful guide with question and answer sections at the end of each chapter.People are always looking for shortcuts when food preservation is concerned. Unless food is preserved in some manner, it begins to spoil soon after it is harvested. This spoilage is caused by microorganisms; physical damage such as bruising, water loss, or punctures; or by chemical changes such as those caused by enzymes. Enzymes are the chemical substances in foods that help them to grow and mature. If the enzymes in fruits and vegetables are not inactivated, they continue to work after harvest, causing flavor and texture changes. Enzymes can be inactivated by blanching, which is a quick method when the food is held at boiling temperatures for a specified period of time.Blanching is something many people want to skip, but I encourage them not to. Blanching just takes a few minutes. Once the food has been held in boiling water for a few minute, (usually less than 5) you will want to put it in ice water for the same number of minutes. It is an important step that should not be skipped.Please note that some foods may be better suited for canning; others for freezing or drying. Consider how you would prefer to store your finished products, how much it will cost, and how your family will like the product.Remember, we have several excellent publications available for specific vegetables and fruits you may want to preserve. You can access these resources by visiting the KSRE web site and clicking on the food link and then food preservation. As I was checking out some of the publications earlier this week, I noticed there are several publications that address home canning for special diets.Remember, too, we have a testing device in each of our Cottonwood Extension offices to check the accuracy of your pressure canner gauge. A dial gauge can be checked in a matter of minutes, so give me a call the Great Bend office or Berny a call in Hays and we can set up a time to test your gauge.Donna Krug is the Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent and District Director for the Cottonwood Extension District – Great Bend Office. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu.

KRUG: Food preservation is a hot topic

One of the foundations of 4-H is community service. This can take the form of a club-wide road clean up or volunteering at the fair. I believe it also includes the little things that make our world a better and brighter place.

I found a post on Pinterest from “butterfliesandpebbles” by Laura McBride that I really appreciate. I quote it in entirety as she says exactly my thoughts:

“It all matters. That someone turns out the lamp, picks up the windblown wrapper, says hello to the invalid, pays at the unattended lot, listens to the repeated tale, folds the abandoned laundry, plays the game fairly, tells the story honestly, acknowledges help, gives credit, says good night, resists temptation, wipes the counter, waits at the yellow, makes the bed, tips the maid, remembers the illness, congratulates the victor, accepts the consequences, takes a stand, steps up, offers a hand, goes first, goes last, chooses the small portion, teaches the child, tends to the dying, comforts the grieving, removes the splinter, wipes the tear, directs the lost, touches the lonely, is the whole thing.

What is most beautiful, is least acknowledged. What is worth dying for is barely noticed.”

My hope is that we are raising young people who look for things, large and small, to make better in their world, especially when no one is watching. As I watch 4-H youth during the fair reach out to encourage a little one or cover an extra shift at the food stand, my head knows that we are! When I see an experienced 4-H member smoothly step up to assist another who is a little unsure of their presentation, my heart believes in their experience and leadership.

Another quote, which is anonymous, that resonates with me is: “Never say ‘That’s not my job’. That oozes arrogance and laziness. Chip in to help with what needs to be done, even if it’s not your responsibility. Clean out the coffee pot. Take that moldy dish out of the refrigerator and put it in the trash. Do what needs to be done. Period. Even when nobody’s watching.”

When I see their hands in action to make their club, their community, their country, and their world better, I know that we are all better for having a part in their positive youth development!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1579114162620.jpeg" alt="written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>One of the foundations of 4-H is community service. This can take the form of a club-wide road clean up or volunteering at the fair. I believe it also includes the little things that make our world a better and brighter place.I found a post on Pinterest from “butterfliesandpebbles” by Laura McBride that I really appreciate. I quote it in entirety as she says exactly my thoughts:“It all matters. That someone turns out the lamp, picks up the windblown wrapper, says hello to the invalid, pays at the unattended lot, listens to the repeated tale, folds the abandoned laundry, plays the game fairly, tells the story honestly, acknowledges help, gives credit, says good night, resists temptation, wipes the counter, waits at the yellow, makes the bed, tips the maid, remembers the illness, congratulates the victor, accepts the consequences, takes a stand, steps up, offers a hand, goes first, goes last, chooses the small portion, teaches the child, tends to the dying, comforts the grieving, removes the splinter, wipes the tear, directs the lost, touches the lonely, is the whole thing.What is most beautiful, is least acknowledged. What is worth dying for is barely noticed.”My hope is that we are raising young people who look for things, large and small, to make better in their world, especially when no one is watching. As I watch 4-H youth during the fair reach out to encourage a little one or cover an extra shift at the food stand, my head knows that we are! When I see an experienced 4-H member smoothly step up to assist another who is a little unsure of their presentation, my heart believes in their experience and leadership.Another quote, which is anonymous, that resonates with me is: “Never say ‘That’s not my job’. That oozes arrogance and laziness. Chip in to help with what needs to be done, even if it’s not your responsibility. Clean out the coffee pot. Take that moldy dish out of the refrigerator and put it in the trash. Do what needs to be done. Period. Even when nobody’s watching.”When I see their hands in action to make their club, their community, their country, and their world better, I know that we are all better for having a part in their positive youth development!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County office. For more information on this article or other 4-H and Youth Development related questions, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call 620-793-1910.

BERAN: Stepping up

Families might be adding extra activities to their schedule before school starts again. Whether in the water or hills, the ballfield or backyard, take care so kids and all family members are safe from sun, insects and injuries. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has a portion of their website dedicated to family health.

Swimming in the pool and playing in the sprinklers are favorite summer activities. However, drowning is the leading cause of death among children ages 1 to 4. Water safety tips from CDC include:

· Always supervise children in or around water. A responsible adult should constantly watch young children.

· Teach kids to swim. Formal swimming lessons can protect young children from drowning.

· Learn CPR. Knowing this skill can be critical in a time of need.

· Install a four-sided fence around home pools.

· When boating, always wear a properly fitted life jacket.

Secondly, overheating and sunstroke can occur in healthy children, youth and adults. If someone shows signs of heat exhaustion or heat stroke, move him or her to a cool location and seek medical help. To avoid over-heating:

· Never leave infants, children or pets in a parked car, even if the windows are cracked open.

· Schedule outdoor activities in the morning and evening hours.

Just a few serious sunburns can lead to skin cancer in the years ahead. To prevent sunburn:

· Cover up. Clothing that covers the skin helps protect against UV rays.

· Use sunscreen with at least SPF (sun protection factor) 15 and UVA (ultraviolet A) and UVB (ultraviolet B) protection every time you and your child go outside.

The third reminder is to protect yourself and your family from bites and diseases. Zika, West Nile Virus and Lyme disease can all be transmitted by insects. To help with protection:

· Use an effective insect repellent. Products containing DEET, picaridin, IR3535 as well as some natural oils provide long-lasting protection.

· Some pesticides (acaricides) can reduce the number of ticks, but these should not be relied on for providing full protection.

· Check yourself and your children for ticks after being outdoors, especially if you have been camping or hiking. Instructions for effectively removing ticks are available on the CDC website.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1588274071306.jpeg" alt="written by: Berny Unruh - Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Berny Unruh - Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Families might be adding extra activities to their schedule before school starts again. Whether in the water or hills, the ballfield or backyard, take care so kids and all family members are safe from sun, insects and injuries. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has a portion of their website dedicated to family health.Swimming in the pool and playing in the sprinklers are favorite summer activities. However, drowning is the leading cause of death among children ages 1 to 4. Water safety tips from CDC include:· Always supervise children in or around water. A responsible adult should constantly watch young children.· Teach kids to swim. Formal swimming lessons can protect young children from drowning.· Learn CPR. Knowing this skill can be critical in a time of need.· Install a four-sided fence around home pools.· When boating, always wear a properly fitted life jacket.Secondly, overheating and sunstroke can occur in healthy children, youth and adults. If someone shows signs of heat exhaustion or heat stroke, move him or her to a cool location and seek medical help. To avoid over-heating:· Never leave infants, children or pets in a parked car, even if the windows are cracked open.· Schedule outdoor activities in the morning and evening hours.· Keep cool with cool showers or baths.Just a few serious sunburns can lead to skin cancer in the years ahead. To prevent sunburn:· Cover up. Clothing that covers the skin helps protect against UV rays.· Use sunscreen with at least SPF (sun protection factor) 15 and UVA (ultraviolet A) and UVB (ultraviolet B) protection every time you and your child go outside.The third reminder is to protect yourself and your family from bites and diseases. Zika, West Nile Virus and Lyme disease can all be transmitted by insects. To help with protection:· Use an effective insect repellent. Products containing DEET, picaridin, IR3535 as well as some natural oils provide long-lasting protection.· Some pesticides (acaricides) can reduce the number of ticks, but these should not be relied on for providing full protection.· Check yourself and your children for ticks after being outdoors, especially if you have been camping or hiking. Instructions for effectively removing ticks are available on the CDC website.Have a safe rest of the summer.Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at bunruh@ksu.edu. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

UNRUH: Three tips for summer safety

On this episode of the Post Podcast Cottonwood Extension District intern Mattie Rossi shares information about her experience along with district agent Susan Schlichting.

<div><iframe title="Cottonwood Extension District intern recounts her summer experience" allowtransparency="true" height="600" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?i=9c6xh-10a1798-pb&from=pb6admin&square=1&share=1&download=1&rtl=0&fonts=Arial&skin=3267a3&font-color=auto&btn-skin=3267a3&size=600" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>On this episode of the Post Podcast Cottonwood Extension District intern Mattie Rossi shares information about her experience along with district agent Susan Schlichting. <a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/5dd2f46c897d147ad4bb104b">To find out more about The Post Podcast, or subscribe to mobile&nbsp;</a><a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/5dd2f46c897d147ad4bb104b">notifications click here.</a>