Jennifer Ifft knows that farmers and ranchers face risk each day, so finding strategies to mitigate risk is necessary to be successful.

Ifft, an associate professor of agricultural economics at Kansas State University, has released a nine-part series and historic performance decision aid about price risk management considerations and strategies for cow-calf producers.

She said that those that will benefit from the series include cow-calf producers with limited experience hedging; and producers who are interested in learning more about Livestock Risk Protection (LRP), including stockers, feedlot operators and cow-calf producers with hedging experience.

“In today’s volatile commodity markets, price risk management is as important as ever,” Ifft said. “Cow-calf producers historically have had limited options for formal price risk management. LRP is a livestock insurance product that has been available for two decades, but recent policy changes make it more affordable to producers. LRP makes payments when national prices drop below the producer-selected coverage price.”

She said the risk management series will:

· Help cow-calf producers assess whether LRP is a good fit for their operation, or learn more.

· Increase awareness of key policy characteristics and decisions for producers that are interested in LRP.

Ifft said the series is designed to provide a gradual introduction to LRP. She said cow-calf producers -- especially small and midsize operations -- may have limited experience with hedging, which is similar to LRP.

“The series begins with key price risk management concepts and practices before presenting policy details. The series concludes with a discussion of how LRP would have performed historically for Kansas cow-calf producers,” she said.

“LRP is very similar to a put option (which gives an option buyer the right to sell at a predetermined price) but is more affordable and small-producer friendly,” Ifft said. A producer can enroll anywhere from 1 to 6,000 head of cattle (feeder or fed) in a single policy (endorsement) and premiums are not due until the end of the coverage period (usually after cattle would be sold).”

Ifft added that LRP is designed to replace the income that is lost due to unexpected price declines.

“The producer must select a coverage price, or the level to which prices must drop for an LRP payout to be triggered,” she said.

Ifft noted that like other federal crop and livestock insurance products, LRP is designed so the producer comes out ahead in the long run. Producers are more likely than not to receive more in payouts than they pay in premiums in the long run, she said.

“The key phrase here is ‘the long run,’” Ifft said. “Several years can pass without a payout. Having a long-term perspective and understanding how LRP works as insurance against price declines can help producers decide whether LRP is a good choice for their operation.”

The series of articles can be found online from the K-State Department of Agricultural Economics.

K-State Research and Extension is a short name for the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, a program designed to generate and distribute useful knowledge for the well-being of Kansans. Supported by county, state, federal and private funds, the program has county Extension offices, experiment fields, area Extension offices and regional research centers statewide. Its headquarters is on the K-State campus in Manhattan.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Jennifer Ifft knows that farmers and ranchers face risk each day, so finding strategies to mitigate risk is necessary to be successful.Ifft, an associate professor of agricultural economics at Kansas State University, has released a nine-part series and historic performance decision aid about price risk management considerations and strategies for cow-calf producers.She said that those that will benefit from the series include cow-calf producers with limited experience hedging; and producers who are interested in learning more about Livestock Risk Protection (LRP), including stockers, feedlot operators and cow-calf producers with hedging experience.“In today’s volatile commodity markets, price risk management is as important as ever,” Ifft said. “Cow-calf producers historically have had limited options for formal price risk management. LRP is a livestock insurance product that has been available for two decades, but recent policy changes make it more affordable to producers. LRP makes payments when national prices drop below the producer-selected coverage price.”She said the risk management series will:· Help cow-calf producers assess whether LRP is a good fit for their operation, or learn more.· Increase awareness of key policy characteristics and decisions for producers that are interested in LRP.Ifft said the series is designed to provide a gradual introduction to LRP. She said cow-calf producers -- especially small and midsize operations -- may have limited experience with hedging, which is similar to LRP.“The series begins with key price risk management concepts and practices before presenting policy details. The series concludes with a discussion of how LRP would have performed historically for Kansas cow-calf producers,” she said.“LRP is very similar to a put option (which gives an option buyer the right to sell at a predetermined price) but is more affordable and small-producer friendly,” Ifft said. A producer can enroll anywhere from 1 to 6,000 head of cattle (feeder or fed) in a single policy (endorsement) and premiums are not due until the end of the coverage period (usually after cattle would be sold).”Ifft added that LRP is designed to replace the income that is lost due to unexpected price declines.“The producer must select a coverage price, or the level to which prices must drop for an LRP payout to be triggered,” she said.Ifft noted that like other federal crop and livestock insurance products, LRP is designed so the producer comes out ahead in the long run. Producers are more likely than not to receive more in payouts than they pay in premiums in the long run, she said.“The key phrase here is ‘the long run,’” Ifft said. “Several years can pass without a payout. Having a long-term perspective and understanding how LRP works as insurance against price declines can help producers decide whether LRP is a good choice for their operation.”The series of articles can be found online from the K-State Department of Agricultural Economics.K-State Research and Extension is a short name for the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, a program designed to generate and distribute useful knowledge for the well-being of Kansans. Supported by county, state, federal and private funds, the program has county Extension offices, experiment fields, area Extension offices and regional research centers statewide. Its headquarters is on the K-State campus in Manhattan.

BOOR: Risk management

Extension educators, conservation specialists, agricultural professionals and agricultural producers are invited to a soil health workshop at the Agricultural Research Center – Hays on May 18-19.

The two-day workshop will teach participants about soil health principles, soil management, and carbon credits. In addition, attendees will have opportunities for hands-on experiences conducting field demonstrations and field assessments.

The workshop begins at 9 a.m. at the Western Kansas Agricultural Research Center Auditorium. The first day will feature expert speakers on topics such as cover crop management in dryland and how soil health is connected to water. Soil health demonstrations will also take place on day one.

On day two of the workshop, participants will learn how to conduct in-field soil assessments, interpret soil health test results, and make soil health recommendations. Specialists will be available during the entire workshop to answer questions and give advice. Meals will be provided to attendees on both days of the event.

Interested participants should RSVP by calling 785-769-3297 or emailing Stacie Minson (sedgett@ksu.edu) no later than May 15. The event flyer and agenda are available online from the Kansas Center for Agricultural Resources and the Environment.

This event is organized by K-State Research and Extension, the Soil Health Nexus, and the Kansas National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS).

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/5/1651846177687.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Extension educators, conservation specialists, agricultural professionals and agricultural producers are invited to a soil health workshop at the Agricultural Research Center – Hays on May 18-19.The two-day workshop will teach participants about soil health principles, soil management, and carbon credits. In addition, attendees will have opportunities for hands-on experiences conducting field demonstrations and field assessments.The workshop begins at 9 a.m. at the Western Kansas Agricultural Research Center Auditorium. The first day will feature expert speakers on topics such as cover crop management in dryland and how soil health is connected to water. Soil health demonstrations will also take place on day one.On day two of the workshop, participants will learn how to conduct in-field soil assessments, interpret soil health test results, and make soil health recommendations. Specialists will be available during the entire workshop to answer questions and give advice. Meals will be provided to attendees on both days of the event.Interested participants should RSVP by calling 785-769-3297 or emailing Stacie Minson (sedgett@ksu.edu) no later than May 15. The event flyer and agenda are available online from the Kansas Center for Agricultural Resources and the Environment.This event is organized by K-State Research and Extension, the Soil Health Nexus, and the Kansas National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS).

CAMPBELL: Soil health workshop

“Shape up your plate” is a great slogan for what I want to visit about today. With summer just around the corner it is the perfect time for you and your family to focus on a few healthy eating habits! Hopefully farmers markets can soon provide the colorful produce that tastes so good when it is in season and locally grown.

The MyPlate healthy eating icon has been around for ten plus years now. Simply put, the MyPlate guide to healthy eating promotes making half of your plate fruits and vegetables. A generous portion of grain, (preferably whole), a small amount of lean protein, and a serving of low fat dairy round out the plan. Oh, and did I mention that the plate we eat off of is supposed to be nine inches in diameter?

Another simple healthy eating habit includes starting each day with a powerful, nutrient dense breakfast. Our grandparents knew this was important, our parents knew this was important, and somewhere along the way we lost this information in the fast pace lives we lead. Studies show that people who eat a solid, healthy, balanced breakfast are healthier, have fewer cravings throughout their day and make wiser food choices.

A couple of nutrition educational programs to provide a healthy interpretation of the MyPlate guidelines are scheduled during the month of May. The program, “More Plants on the Plate” will be presented twice on Wednesday, May 11th. Join me at the Great Bend Senior Center at 10:30 AM or at noon at the Great Bend Activity Center, 2715 18th St. The information will be the same at both locations. The fact sheet I will be sharing includes a lot of great information about increasing fiber and eating less processed food. I’ll have a few recipes to share as well.

Another opportunity to learn about how good nutrition can affect one’s health is a program titled, “Make a Med DASH to a Healthy Heart.” This educational program is set for Thursday, May 26th, at noon at the Extension office meeting room, 601 Main, in Hays. I am combining this program with the Walk KS celebration on the 26th. I will be providing a light lunch for anyone who calls in by May 20th to reserve a spot.

Mark your calendars for one or both of these educational programs and make healthy eating a priority during the months ahead!

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 620-793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>“Shape up your plate” is a great slogan for what I want to visit about today. With summer just around the corner it is the perfect time for you and your family to focus on a few healthy eating habits! Hopefully farmers markets can soon provide the colorful produce that tastes so good when it is in season and locally grown.The MyPlate healthy eating icon has been around for ten plus years now. Simply put, the MyPlate guide to healthy eating promotes making half of your plate fruits and vegetables. A generous portion of grain, (preferably whole), a small amount of lean protein, and a serving of low fat dairy round out the plan. Oh, and did I mention that the plate we eat off of is supposed to be nine inches in diameter?Another simple healthy eating habit includes starting each day with a powerful, nutrient dense breakfast. Our grandparents knew this was important, our parents knew this was important, and somewhere along the way we lost this information in the fast pace lives we lead. Studies show that people who eat a solid, healthy, balanced breakfast are healthier, have fewer cravings throughout their day and make wiser food choices.A couple of nutrition educational programs to provide a healthy interpretation of the MyPlate guidelines are scheduled during the month of May. The program, “More Plants on the Plate” will be presented twice on Wednesday, May 11th. Join me at the Great Bend Senior Center at 10:30 AM or at noon at the Great Bend Activity Center, 2715 18th St. The information will be the same at both locations. The fact sheet I will be sharing includes a lot of great information about increasing fiber and eating less processed food. I’ll have a few recipes to share as well.Another opportunity to learn about how good nutrition can affect one’s health is a program titled, “Make a Med DASH to a Healthy Heart.” This educational program is set for Thursday, May 26th, at noon at the Extension office meeting room, 601 Main, in Hays. I am combining this program with the Walk KS celebration on the 26th. I will be providing a light lunch for anyone who calls in by May 20th to reserve a spot.Mark your calendars for one or both of these educational programs and make healthy eating a priority during the months ahead!Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 620-793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider.

KRUG: Shape up your plate

By KEN CARPENTER Great Bend Post

Keep your eyes open for bicyclists when you are driving in Barton County. That's one of the messages Barton County Commissioners wanted to convey when they declared May as National Bike Month in the county. Motorists are urged to prevent collisions, injuries and fatalities by being aware of cyclists.&nbsp;

Dale Hogg, a committee member of Be Well Barton County, is an avid cyclist. He gave the county good marks for improving the cycling experience.&nbsp;

“Over the years, Barton County has done a great deal to help cycling,” Hogg said. “They have this signage around many county blacktops. I’ve heard from cyclists and motorists. Both appreciate having that additional awareness of one another on the roadways.”&nbsp;

Hogg pointed out that a bicycle is a good mode of transportation to see the county close-up.&nbsp;

“B.J. Wooding, the county cartographer, has created a wonderful cycling map that has landmarks as well as suggested bicycling routes around the county. It's available on the Be Well Barton County website as well as the bike shop and other locations around town.”&nbsp;

Since 2019, Great Bend has been a stop on the Trans-America Bicycle Trail that stretches between Astoria, Oregon and Yorktown, Virginia. Hogg told commissioners that a campground on the lawn behind Central Christian Church on Harrison Street has been very popular with cyclists that travel on the cross-country trail. The church and the Be Well Barton County group have set up a bicycle repair area there as well as a charging station for cell phones.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/5/1651767155714.jpeg" alt="K-State's Cottonwood Extension District Director Donna Krug and husband John getting ready to pedal away from Wednesday's county commission meeting." />
 <figcaption>K-State's Cottonwood Extension District Director Donna Krug and husband John getting ready to pedal away from Wednesday's county commission meeting.</figcaption>
 </figure>By KEN CARPENTER Great Bend PostKeep your eyes open for bicyclists when you are driving in Barton County. That's one of the messages Barton County Commissioners wanted to convey when they declared May as National Bike Month in the county. Motorists are urged to prevent collisions, injuries and fatalities by being aware of cyclists.&nbsp;Dale Hogg, a committee member of Be Well Barton County, is an avid cyclist. He gave the county good marks for improving the cycling experience.&nbsp;“Over the years, Barton County has done a great deal to help cycling,” Hogg said. “They have this signage around many county blacktops. I’ve heard from cyclists and motorists. Both appreciate having that additional awareness of one another on the roadways.”&nbsp;Hogg pointed out that a bicycle is a good mode of transportation to see the county close-up.&nbsp;“B.J. Wooding, the county cartographer, has created a wonderful cycling map that has landmarks as well as suggested bicycling routes around the county. It's available on the Be Well Barton County website as well as the bike shop and other locations around town.”&nbsp;Since 2019, Great Bend has been a stop on the Trans-America Bicycle Trail that stretches between Astoria, Oregon and Yorktown, Virginia. Hogg told commissioners that a campground on the lawn behind Central Christian Church on Harrison Street has been very popular with cyclists that travel on the cross-country trail. The church and the Be Well Barton County group have set up a bicycle repair area there as well as a charging station for cell phones.&nbsp;

Bicycling highlighted by Barton County Commission 

Remember May is Mental Heath awareness month. The past few years have been extremely difficult to navigate. It has never been more important to talk about stress and mental strain each one of us may be experiencing. Sustained higher levels of stress can lead to depression, anxiety, fatigue, and other triggers that cause a greater propensity for attempting suicide. The stigma of mental health can also make it difficult for people to feel that they can reach out for support. There are a number of helpful sources available for people in need I would like to highlight those today.&nbsp;

The National Suicide hotline is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week at 800-273-8255. Support services are confidential and free of charge. For those not comfortable speaking on the phone a text line is offered at 741741 as well as an online chat at imalive.org.&nbsp;

Local resources are also available. In the Great Bend area, the Center for Counseling and Consultation can be reached on their confidential crisis line 24 hours a day, seven days a week at 800-875-2544 or 620-792-2544 as well as at their website&nbsp;<a href="https://thecentergb.org/" target="_blank">https://thecentergb.org</a>. In the Hays area, High Plains Mental Health is there to help. Contract them at 785-628-2871 or on their crisis line 24/7 at 800-432-0333. Their website is&nbsp;<a href="https://hpmhc.com/" target="_blank">https://hpmhc.com</a>.&nbsp;

K-State Research and Extension also has available resources. The Stress and Resiliency team are trained in several programs including: Mental Health First Aid, Michigan State Farm Stress Training, and QPR (Question, Persuade, Refer). The Team is available for on sight programs, contact them at&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/health/stress-management/trainings-programs.html" target="_blank">https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/health/stress-management/trainings-programs.html</a>, or by email to&nbsp;<a href="mailto:rclews@ksu,.edu" target="_blank">rclews@ksu,.edu</a>,&nbsp;<a href="mailto:mcfarla@ksu.edu" target="_blank">mcfarla@ksu.edu</a>, or&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu" target="_blank">aboor@ksu.edu</a>.&nbsp;

The Kansas Agriculture Mediations Services are ready to assist. They will gather your information and can connect you with financial advisors, legal advice, lawyers, and can also put you in contact with metal health facilities closer to your location. One call can get you in touch with many that can help your unique situation. They can be reached at 800-321-3276.&nbsp;

In closing, be sure to watch out for your friends and family. If you feel like something is wrong, ask. Help them get the help they need. And remember it is beneficial to implement daily coping strategies. Try taking a walk, get a message, or try guided restful breathing practices. Other coping suggestions to try, listen to music or just take ten minutes to write down your blessings. Positive thoughts and practices can go a long way to improve an outlook on life. But, mostly if you need help, please seek it. Your friends and family need you.&nbsp;

K-State Research and Extension is a short name for the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, a program designed to generate and distribute useful knowledge for the well-being of Kansans. Supported by county, state, federal and private funds, the program has county Extension offices, experiment fields, area Extension offices and regional research centers statewide. Its headquarters is on the K-State campus in Manhattan.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Remember May is Mental Heath awareness month. The past few years have been extremely difficult to navigate. It has never been more important to talk about stress and mental strain each one of us may be experiencing. Sustained higher levels of stress can lead to depression, anxiety, fatigue, and other triggers that cause a greater propensity for attempting suicide. The stigma of mental health can also make it difficult for people to feel that they can reach out for support. There are a number of helpful sources available for people in need I would like to highlight those today.&nbsp;The National Suicide hotline is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week at 800-273-8255. Support services are confidential and free of charge. For those not comfortable speaking on the phone a text line is offered at 741741 as well as an online chat at imalive.org.&nbsp;Local resources are also available. In the Great Bend area, the Center for Counseling and Consultation can be reached on their confidential crisis line 24 hours a day, seven days a week at 800-875-2544 or 620-792-2544 as well as at their website&nbsp;<a href="https://thecentergb.org/" target="_blank">https://thecentergb.org</a>. In the Hays area, High Plains Mental Health is there to help. Contract them at 785-628-2871 or on their crisis line 24/7 at 800-432-0333. Their website is&nbsp;<a href="https://hpmhc.com/" target="_blank">https://hpmhc.com</a>.&nbsp;K-State Research and Extension also has available resources. The Stress and Resiliency team are trained in several programs including: Mental Health First Aid, Michigan State Farm Stress Training, and QPR (Question, Persuade, Refer). The Team is available for on sight programs, contact them at&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/health/stress-management/trainings-programs.html" target="_blank">https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/health/stress-management/trainings-programs.html</a>, or by email to&nbsp;<a href="mailto:rclews@ksu,.edu" target="_blank">rclews@ksu,.edu</a>,&nbsp;<a href="mailto:mcfarla@ksu.edu" target="_blank">mcfarla@ksu.edu</a>, or&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu" target="_blank">aboor@ksu.edu</a>.&nbsp;The Kansas Agriculture Mediations Services are ready to assist. They will gather your information and can connect you with financial advisors, legal advice, lawyers, and can also put you in contact with metal health facilities closer to your location. One call can get you in touch with many that can help your unique situation. They can be reached at 800-321-3276.&nbsp;In closing, be sure to watch out for your friends and family. If you feel like something is wrong, ask. Help them get the help they need. And remember it is beneficial to implement daily coping strategies. Try taking a walk, get a message, or try guided restful breathing practices. Other coping suggestions to try, listen to music or just take ten minutes to write down your blessings. Positive thoughts and practices can go a long way to improve an outlook on life. But, mostly if you need help, please seek it. Your friends and family need you.&nbsp;K-State Research and Extension is a short name for the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, a program designed to generate and distribute useful knowledge for the well-being of Kansans. Supported by county, state, federal and private funds, the program has county Extension offices, experiment fields, area Extension offices and regional research centers statewide. Its headquarters is on the K-State campus in Manhattan.&nbsp;

BOOR: May is Mental Health Awareness Month

Soybean is a crop that can remove significant amounts of nutrients per bushel of grain harvested. Because of this, soybeans can respond to starter fertilizer applications on low-testing soils, particularly phosphorus.

K-State guidelines for soybeans include taking a soil test for phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and boron (B). If fertilizer is recommended by soil test results, then fertilizer should either be applied directly to the soybeans or indirectly by increasing fertilizer rates to another crop in the rotation by the amount needed for the soybeans.

The most consistent response to starter fertilizer with soybeans would be on soils very deficient in one of the nutrients listed above, or in very high-yield-potential situations where soils have low or medium fertility levels. Furthermore, starter fertilizer in soybeans can be a good way to complement nutrients that may have been removed by high-yielding crops in the rotation, such as corn and help maintain optimum soil test levels.

Banding fertilizer to the side and below the seed at planting is an efficient application method for soybeans. This method is especially useful in reduced-till or no-till soybeans because P and K have only limited mobility into the soil from surface broadcast applications.

However, with narrow row soybeans, it may not be possible to install fertilizer units for deep banding. In that situation, producers can surface-apply the fertilizer. Fertilizer should not be placed in-furrow in direct seed contact with soybeans because the seed is very sensitive to salt injury.

Soybean seldom responds to nitrogen (N) in the starter fertilizer. However, some research under irrigated, high-yield environments with sandy soils suggests a potential benefit of small amounts of N in starter fertilizer.

Soybean Row Spacing in Kansas There are still many questions about row spacing for soybean production. A summary of recent research from K-State, in 2015-17, a series of six On-Farm experiments conducted across eastern and central Kansas. Compared to the conventional 30-inch

row spacing, soybeans in narrow rows (15-inch or less) in these tests were likely to show equal or slightly greater yields (2-12%), particularly when the yield environment was less than 50 bushels per acre (regardless of planting date, seeding rate, or maturity). Above this yield threshold level, soybean did not show yield response to changing the row spacing. Overall, the common denominator of the response to row spacing is the inconsistency, denoted by the wide error of responses and by the variability between site-years.

Final considerations - some of the benefits of narrow row spacing:

· Early canopy closure favors better light interception,

· Improved weed control, and reduced potential for soil erosion.

On the other hand, some of the disadvantages of narrow rows:

· Potential reductions in final stand at a given seeding rate, linked to equipment and within row compaction.

· In very dry years, narrow row spacing may consume limited soil water earlier in the growing season, reducing the amount of water available for the critical period around pod-setting and seed filling.

· In wet years, too narrow spacing (less than 15-inch) may allow less air flow within the canopy and favor the occurrence of certain diseases, such as white mold.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1578070283981.png" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Soybean is a crop that can remove significant amounts of nutrients per bushel of grain harvested. Because of this, soybeans can respond to starter fertilizer applications on low-testing soils, particularly phosphorus.K-State guidelines for soybeans include taking a soil test for phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and boron (B). If fertilizer is recommended by soil test results, then fertilizer should either be applied directly to the soybeans or indirectly by increasing fertilizer rates to another crop in the rotation by the amount needed for the soybeans.The most consistent response to starter fertilizer with soybeans would be on soils very deficient in one of the nutrients listed above, or in very high-yield-potential situations where soils have low or medium fertility levels. Furthermore, starter fertilizer in soybeans can be a good way to complement nutrients that may have been removed by high-yielding crops in the rotation, such as corn and help maintain optimum soil test levels.Banding fertilizer to the side and below the seed at planting is an efficient application method for soybeans. This method is especially useful in reduced-till or no-till soybeans because P and K have only limited mobility into the soil from surface broadcast applications.However, with narrow row soybeans, it may not be possible to install fertilizer units for deep banding. In that situation, producers can surface-apply the fertilizer. Fertilizer should not be placed in-furrow in direct seed contact with soybeans because the seed is very sensitive to salt injury.Soybean seldom responds to nitrogen (N) in the starter fertilizer. However, some research under irrigated, high-yield environments with sandy soils suggests a potential benefit of small amounts of N in starter fertilizer.Soybean Row Spacing in Kansas There are still many questions about row spacing for soybean production. A summary of recent research from K-State, in 2015-17, a series of six On-Farm experiments conducted across eastern and central Kansas. Compared to the conventional 30-inchrow spacing, soybeans in narrow rows (15-inch or less) in these tests were likely to show equal or slightly greater yields (2-12%), particularly when the yield environment was less than 50 bushels per acre (regardless of planting date, seeding rate, or maturity). Above this yield threshold level, soybean did not show yield response to changing the row spacing. Overall, the common denominator of the response to row spacing is the inconsistency, denoted by the wide error of responses and by the variability between site-years.Final considerations - some of the benefits of narrow row spacing:· Early canopy closure favors better light interception,· Improved weed control, and reduced potential for soil erosion.On the other hand, some of the disadvantages of narrow rows:· Potential reductions in final stand at a given seeding rate, linked to equipment and within row compaction.· In very dry years, narrow row spacing may consume limited soil water earlier in the growing season, reducing the amount of water available for the critical period around pod-setting and seed filling.· In wet years, too narrow spacing (less than 15-inch) may allow less air flow within the canopy and favor the occurrence of certain diseases, such as white mold.

CAMPBELL: Is there any value to starter fertilizer on soybeans?

We found some “Good Old Stuff” to quote one of my favorite TV hosts, Erin Napier for the show, Home Town.

We moved our office at the end of 2021. Just like your home, if you haven’t moved for a while, you unearth a lot of stuff….some interesting and some in the category of “why on earth!”

I took some time in the last couple of weeks to go through a few old boxes and found quite a bit of Good Old Stuff and more “why on earth” than you can imagine!

In the good stuff category, we have the Barton County Cooperative Extension annual reports back to 1917! The best part is that these very thin, hand-typed documents are in fairly good shape and include interesting information. While we are required to maintain these files, we often don’t know how well preserved they may or may not be. Additionally, I located the original application to form a Farm Bureau organization which was submitted to the Barton County Commissioners in 1917! That was pretty neat!

Some of the “why on earth” things included dozens of copies of the 4-H songbook – both the version from the 1940s and from the 1970s! Also, a box of cat trophies, books of skits that are sketchy at best, and blurry, unlabeled photos.

One of the things that I found interesting was a recurring theme across the years of how to improve letting the public know what service and education Extension can provide. We still discuss how to reach new audiences, how to better serve our current audiences, and how to share the programs and projects we work on with our communities.

While our name changed with the formation of the Cottonwood Extension District in 2017, our mission to provide research-based education and resources for youth development, agriculture, and health and wellness have not changed. You will see agents at community partnerships, in schools and libraries, as well as holding programs from “Stay Strong, Stay Healthy” to “Crop Plot Tours”, to “Women in Ag”. It is easy to think of 4-H Youth Development in relation to the county fair but that is just one showcase event for project learning. Other youth opportunities

include Club Days for public speaking, judging contests to test decision making skills, and day or overnight camps.

Be sure to let us know how we can share a program with your group as we continue conversations to reach wider audiences.

Our 4-H motto is “To Make the Best Better” and I’m glad that includes some “Good Old Stuff”!

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.

Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County office. For more information on this article or other 4-H and Youth Development related questions, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1579114162620.jpeg" alt="written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>We found some “Good Old Stuff” to quote one of my favorite TV hosts, Erin Napier for the show, Home Town.We moved our office at the end of 2021. Just like your home, if you haven’t moved for a while, you unearth a lot of stuff….some interesting and some in the category of “why on earth!”I took some time in the last couple of weeks to go through a few old boxes and found quite a bit of Good Old Stuff and more “why on earth” than you can imagine!In the good stuff category, we have the Barton County Cooperative Extension annual reports back to 1917! The best part is that these very thin, hand-typed documents are in fairly good shape and include interesting information. While we are required to maintain these files, we often don’t know how well preserved they may or may not be. Additionally, I located the original application to form a Farm Bureau organization which was submitted to the Barton County Commissioners in 1917! That was pretty neat!Some of the “why on earth” things included dozens of copies of the 4-H songbook – both the version from the 1940s and from the 1970s! Also, a box of cat trophies, books of skits that are sketchy at best, and blurry, unlabeled photos.One of the things that I found interesting was a recurring theme across the years of how to improve letting the public know what service and education Extension can provide. We still discuss how to reach new audiences, how to better serve our current audiences, and how to share the programs and projects we work on with our communities.While our name changed with the formation of the Cottonwood Extension District in 2017, our mission to provide research-based education and resources for youth development, agriculture, and health and wellness have not changed. You will see agents at community partnerships, in schools and libraries, as well as holding programs from “Stay Strong, Stay Healthy” to “Crop Plot Tours”, to “Women in Ag”. It is easy to think of 4-H Youth Development in relation to the county fair but that is just one showcase event for project learning. Other youth opportunitiesinclude Club Days for public speaking, judging contests to test decision making skills, and day or overnight camps.Be sure to let us know how we can share a program with your group as we continue conversations to reach wider audiences.Our 4-H motto is “To Make the Best Better” and I’m glad that includes some “Good Old Stuff”!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County office. For more information on this article or other 4-H and Youth Development related questions, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call 620-793-1910.

BERAN: Good old stuff

By the time this news column is printed I will have returned from a vacation that included some fun in the sun with an occasional Zoom meeting to keep me connected to what was going on at work. During my time away from the office, I finished up an on-line course titled, “Reframing Aging.” The instructors were passionate about helping us see how important it is to recognize the contributions of older residents in our community. I enjoyed sharing stories in the break out rooms about the many times I have enlisted the help of older adults to teach sewing or fiber arts workshops to young people. In our fast-paced world, it is important that basic life skills are passed on and don’t become a lost art. I’m looking forward to sharing more of what I learned from the Reframing Aging class in future columns.

The last three days of our road trip were spent in Ames Iowa, to share a session with Extension Educators there about how to teach fermentation workshops. One of the participants had heard my on-line presentation at a national meeting last fall, so it was a pleasant surprise to be invited to teach an in-person class at their professional development meeting. Now that I have a few hands-on fermentation workshops under my belt, I have some interesting stories to share.

The process of how to ferment vegetables is a popular topic and a wide variety of fermentation kits on the market make it safe and easy to accomplish. Fermentation is the oldest form of food preservation, with stories of it’s start, well over 7000 years ago. The fact sheet I wrote two years ago, titled, “Taking a New Look at Fermented Foods” is available to download from the K-State Research and Extension bookstore. It highlights the process as well as the health benefits including a small amount of fermented food in your diet can provide.

As I return to the office and turn the calendar to May I invite you to take a look at the upcoming programs in the Cottonwood Extension District. Visit our website at Cottonwood@ksu.edu to check out our May newsletter which includes these fun learning opportunities.

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent for K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>By the time this news column is printed I will have returned from a vacation that included some fun in the sun with an occasional Zoom meeting to keep me connected to what was going on at work. During my time away from the office, I finished up an on-line course titled, “Reframing Aging.” The instructors were passionate about helping us see how important it is to recognize the contributions of older residents in our community. I enjoyed sharing stories in the break out rooms about the many times I have enlisted the help of older adults to teach sewing or fiber arts workshops to young people. In our fast-paced world, it is important that basic life skills are passed on and don’t become a lost art. I’m looking forward to sharing more of what I learned from the Reframing Aging class in future columns.The last three days of our road trip were spent in Ames Iowa, to share a session with Extension Educators there about how to teach fermentation workshops. One of the participants had heard my on-line presentation at a national meeting last fall, so it was a pleasant surprise to be invited to teach an in-person class at their professional development meeting. Now that I have a few hands-on fermentation workshops under my belt, I have some interesting stories to share.The process of how to ferment vegetables is a popular topic and a wide variety of fermentation kits on the market make it safe and easy to accomplish. Fermentation is the oldest form of food preservation, with stories of it’s start, well over 7000 years ago. The fact sheet I wrote two years ago, titled, “Taking a New Look at Fermented Foods” is available to download from the K-State Research and Extension bookstore. It highlights the process as well as the health benefits including a small amount of fermented food in your diet can provide.As I return to the office and turn the calendar to May I invite you to take a look at the upcoming programs in the Cottonwood Extension District. Visit our website at Cottonwood@ksu.edu to check out our May newsletter which includes these fun learning opportunities.Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent for K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KRUG: Extension programs provide fun learning

In this video from K-State Research and Extension, Kansas State University soil scientist Deann Presley says dry weather in Kansas presents an opportunity to work on farm ponds.

“Many of our ponds need periodic cleaning out of the old sediment that might get brought down by livestock or natural processes,” she said.

She urges landowners to consider draining their ponds, or in many cases if they are already dry. To scrape the bottom and compacting the soil before mother nature fills them up again.

Presley suggests a minimum 30% clay in the soil, though she adds, “40% is even better.” To find out how much clay content is in your pond. You can take some soil samples and bring them into your local K-State Research &amp; Extension Office, to be sent off for a soil texture test. For further information on how to best take these samples, she recommends to contact your local Extension Office for proper sampling instructions.

If a pond is leaking sometimes people think they need to use alternate-products to help seal them. Before taking that more expensive step, first take a soil texture sample to see if you might just need to really compact the soil to prevent the leaking. If compaction is what you need, a sheepsfoot roller is needed.

“The importance of compaction cannot be over-stated,” Presley said. “Many people often think, ‘I have enough clay in the soil; I’ll roll on it for a while and it will be okay.’ But the sheepsfoot roller is important” for proper compaction of the soil.

Another tip when cleaning out a pond that folks don’t always consider. Is to put the sediment you clean out of the pond, on the back side of the dam. If you put it around the pond it will eventually slide or erode back into the pond.

This video from K-State Research and Extension is available online at https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/news/stories/2022/04/video-repairing-farm-ponds-presley.html

More information is available in K-State’s Feb. 17 Agronomy eUpdate or from local extension offices in Kansas. To read the full article “Ten commonly asked questions when pondering dry ponds”. Type into your internet browser K-State agronomy, eupdate newsletter, or type in this link https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu

To find out the location and phone number of your local K-State Research and Extension statewide offices, https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/about/statewide-locations.html or simply type into your internet browser “K-State Research and Extension Statewide Locations”.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1574181994278.png" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>In this video from K-State Research and Extension, Kansas State University soil scientist Deann Presley says dry weather in Kansas presents an opportunity to work on farm ponds.“Many of our ponds need periodic cleaning out of the old sediment that might get brought down by livestock or natural processes,” she said.She urges landowners to consider draining their ponds, or in many cases if they are already dry. To scrape the bottom and compacting the soil before mother nature fills them up again.Presley suggests a minimum 30% clay in the soil, though she adds, “40% is even better.” To find out how much clay content is in your pond. You can take some soil samples and bring them into your local K-State Research &amp; Extension Office, to be sent off for a soil texture test. For further information on how to best take these samples, she recommends to contact your local Extension Office for proper sampling instructions.If a pond is leaking sometimes people think they need to use alternate-products to help seal them. Before taking that more expensive step, first take a soil texture sample to see if you might just need to really compact the soil to prevent the leaking. If compaction is what you need, a sheepsfoot roller is needed.“The importance of compaction cannot be over-stated,” Presley said. “Many people often think, ‘I have enough clay in the soil; I’ll roll on it for a while and it will be okay.’ But the sheepsfoot roller is important” for proper compaction of the soil.Another tip when cleaning out a pond that folks don’t always consider. Is to put the sediment you clean out of the pond, on the back side of the dam. If you put it around the pond it will eventually slide or erode back into the pond.This video from K-State Research and Extension is available online at https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/news/stories/2022/04/video-repairing-farm-ponds-presley.htmlMore information is available in K-State’s Feb. 17 Agronomy eUpdate or from local extension offices in Kansas. To read the full article “Ten commonly asked questions when pondering dry ponds”. Type into your internet browser K-State agronomy, eupdate newsletter, or type in this link https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.eduTo find out the location and phone number of your local K-State Research and Extension statewide offices, https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/about/statewide-locations.html or simply type into your internet browser “K-State Research and Extension Statewide Locations”.

CAMPBELL: Dry weather provides chance to clean, compact farm ponds

May is an excellent time to fertilize cool-season lawns such as tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass if they will be irrigated throughout the summer. Non-irrigated lawns often go through a period of summer dormancy because of drought and do not need this fertilization.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 

May is a good time to fertilize because the springtime flush of growth characteristic of these grasses has tapered off, so the fertilizer you apply will be less likely to cause excessive shoot growth than if you fertilized at a full rate in April. Slow-release nitrogen sources are ideal. These nitrogen sources promote controlled growth, which is desirable as the stressful summer weather approaches. Relatively few fertilizers available to the homeowner supply ALL of the nitrogen in the slowly available form. But one such product that is widely available is Milorganite. 

Other such products available in the retail market include cottonseed meal, alfalfa-based fertilizers, and any other products derived from plants or animals. (Bloodmeal is an exception, and contrary to popular belief, the nitrogen it supplies is quickly available.) These products are all examples of natural organic fertilizers. They typically contain less than 10 percent nitrogen by weight, so compared to most synthetic fertilizers, more product must be applied to get the same amount of nitrogen. Translation: they are more expensive! 

Apply enough to give the lawn one pound of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet. For example, if the fertilizer is 6 percent nitrogen by weight, you will need to apply almost 17 pounds of fertilizer product per 1,000 square feet.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 

Summer lawn fertilizers that contain at least a portion of the nitrogen as slow-release are fine to use as well. Be sure to follow label directions. If cost is prohibitive, you can use the less expensive quick-release (i.e., soluble) sources, but split the application into two doses as follows: apply enough to give the lawn 0.5 lb nitrogen per 1,000 square feet in May and again in early June.&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>May is an excellent time to fertilize cool-season lawns such as tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass if they will be irrigated throughout the summer. Non-irrigated lawns often go through a period of summer dormancy because of drought and do not need this fertilization.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; May is a good time to fertilize because the springtime flush of growth characteristic of these grasses has tapered off, so the fertilizer you apply will be less likely to cause excessive shoot growth than if you fertilized at a full rate in April. Slow-release nitrogen sources are ideal. These nitrogen sources promote controlled growth, which is desirable as the stressful summer weather approaches. Relatively few fertilizers available to the homeowner supply ALL of the nitrogen in the slowly available form. But one such product that is widely available is Milorganite. Other such products available in the retail market include cottonseed meal, alfalfa-based fertilizers, and any other products derived from plants or animals. (Bloodmeal is an exception, and contrary to popular belief, the nitrogen it supplies is quickly available.) These products are all examples of natural organic fertilizers. They typically contain less than 10 percent nitrogen by weight, so compared to most synthetic fertilizers, more product must be applied to get the same amount of nitrogen. Translation: they are more expensive! Apply enough to give the lawn one pound of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet. For example, if the fertilizer is 6 percent nitrogen by weight, you will need to apply almost 17 pounds of fertilizer product per 1,000 square feet.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Summer lawn fertilizers that contain at least a portion of the nitrogen as slow-release are fine to use as well. Be sure to follow label directions. If cost is prohibitive, you can use the less expensive quick-release (i.e., soluble) sources, but split the application into two doses as follows: apply enough to give the lawn 0.5 lb nitrogen per 1,000 square feet in May and again in early June.&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

BOOR: Fertilize cool-season lawns

Kansas Wetlands Education Center is offering a "Let's Talk Water Science"&nbsp;summer camp for students who have completed grades 7, 8, or 9.

The event – set for Thursday, June 9, and Friday, June 10 – is being co-sponsored by the KWEC, the City of Hays Water Resources Department, Kansas Center for Agricultural Resources and the Environment, and K-State Research and Extension Cottonwood District (Barton and Ellis counties).

Students will get in the water and test the water quality (waders will be provided by the KWEC). Students will collect data on alkalinity, bacteria, dissolved oxygen, nitrates, pH, phosphates, temperature, and turbidity. Campers will also sample the water for aquatic invertebrates and use them to determine water quality.

The first day of camp will be spent at Frontier Park in Hays, and water testing will take place in Big Creek. In the afternoon, campers will tour the City of Hays Wastewater Treatment Plant. In any given year, approximately 25% of the treated water is beneficially used as irrigation water for multiple outdoor recreation facilities.

Day 2 will be spent at Cheyenne Bottoms, the largest wetland complex in the interior of the United States, and at the Kansas Wetlands Education Center near Great Bend. Students will repeat water quality tests and invertebrate sampling in the wetland and compare the results from the previous day. Benefits and functions of wetlands will be studied. The day will include a driving tour of the wetlands in search of wildlife. The 4-H Water Ambassador team will supplement daily activities with hands-on and interactive projects.

Participation is free, and transportation between Hays and Great Bend, as well as all necessary equipment, will be provided. Campers will need to bring a sack lunch and reusable water bottle for each day; snacks will be provided.

Camp will start at 10 a.m. at Frontier Park on June 9. Transportation from the Kansas Wetlands Education Center to Hays will leave at 8:45 a.m. Camp is dismissed at 3:15 p.m. Campers traveling back to the KWEC should return at 4:30 p.m.

The Friday camp will start at 10 a.m. at Cheyenne Bottoms. Transportation from Hays to Cheyenne Bottoms will leave at 8:45 a.m. from the Cottonwood Extension Office in Hays at 601 Main St. Barton County campers can meet at the KWEC at 9:30 a.m. Camp is dismissed from the KWEC at 3:15 p.m. Campers traveling back to Hays should return at 4:30 p.m.

The KWEC, 592 NE K-156 Highway, is at the southeast side of Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Area northeast of Great Bend.

Registration is limited to 12 – six campers from Ellis County and six from Barton County. Registration deadline is May 27.

To register for an event or camp go to:&nbsp;<a href="http://link.mediaoutreach.meltwater.com/ls/click?upn=-2BFJoAhsjp8losQfY8t-2BZtDI4Fbv2aCJ7wVn3UMG-2B6d7EPIvnUo7uIbKANOQy6jAEsXA2_-2FnwFlkKVzcKMOkDYhP8GUyFUplsqhIzQPvqFQr864lE6mcAzErX0FzZi5JGU6rvvK6MLOuHK4jhl5V61fmGkhToZRMbpEKBDAFMZ0jElT3tJmz7vmG2Oh1wrxpMGOIemcaW3ZQkmBBPB6VX2tAxPb4ZaAYbMJwViPE5bmuVrSvTHDWyEz96nEbWyYgV-2BI3yxPrDN8tg-2BB-2BH41L1Sfd-2BSx80zji2J-2BIUYz1BFv8ShmhUheviwvkoswHHSKxOny2MNWpX8vvPqwzGd-2FBUi0OfhwQ-2FndvhYJNq9Yd9bUGvq2TRte87SLXXuQMZzJG-2FqfggeV10gcGYgFbGkgqtE0C1aK9Kwl-2FOE7HRfJR1mDh39DvyylDURhYdqSvL7oEw5oHUqJbCeMgoIcXoBFza7lrwgYA-3D-3D" target="_blank">https://forms.gle/cqaCp862fH4QcP9p9</a>&nbsp;or email Mandy Kern at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:amkern2@fhsu.edu" target="_blank">amkern2@fhsu.edu</a>&nbsp;for the link. For more information on the Kansas Wetlands Education Center, visit&nbsp;<a href="http://link.mediaoutreach.meltwater.com/ls/click?upn=-2BFJoAhsjp8losQfY8t-2BZtMCDkFVbWlkuYggWR1l9m3niOQl9kmqWr-2FsCfzG-2FTJVW1Xdl_-2FnwFlkKVzcKMOkDYhP8GUyFUplsqhIzQPvqFQr864lE6mcAzErX0FzZi5JGU6rvvK6MLOuHK4jhl5V61fmGkhToZRMbpEKBDAFMZ0jElT3tJmz7vmG2Oh1wrxpMGOIemcaW3ZQkmBBPB6VX2tAxPb4ZaAYbMJwViPE5bmuVrSvTHDWyEz96nEbWyYgV-2BI3yxPrDN8tg-2BB-2BH41L1Sfd-2BSx6sux8g6xLKsSxkUh2hBVi-2B-2BN83yvz9vbp0yB-2BKXvgE0mYHV1Au7-2F8B9JzZWfgMlvIGdNxe4KAbsU0VqoG7by36624C5-2BAVzQBBO3swYUgqybhcG3DyCneB4iDN8Bzml1zlK-2FKTHyisEwlRgRyKQqc8nVaAy8PH1lhZwtwipnIP6K3kSDLpc8a-2FSaR5Oh4zxDA-3D-3D">https://wetlandscenter.fhsu.edu/</a>.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/4/1650820679972.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Kansas Wetlands Education Center is offering a "Let's Talk Water Science"&nbsp;summer camp for students who have completed grades 7, 8, or 9.The event – set for Thursday, June 9, and Friday, June 10 – is being co-sponsored by the KWEC, the City of Hays Water Resources Department, Kansas Center for Agricultural Resources and the Environment, and K-State Research and Extension Cottonwood District (Barton and Ellis counties).Students will get in the water and test the water quality (waders will be provided by the KWEC). Students will collect data on alkalinity, bacteria, dissolved oxygen, nitrates, pH, phosphates, temperature, and turbidity. Campers will also sample the water for aquatic invertebrates and use them to determine water quality.The first day of camp will be spent at Frontier Park in Hays, and water testing will take place in Big Creek. In the afternoon, campers will tour the City of Hays Wastewater Treatment Plant. In any given year, approximately 25% of the treated water is beneficially used as irrigation water for multiple outdoor recreation facilities.Day 2 will be spent at Cheyenne Bottoms, the largest wetland complex in the interior of the United States, and at the Kansas Wetlands Education Center near Great Bend. Students will repeat water quality tests and invertebrate sampling in the wetland and compare the results from the previous day. Benefits and functions of wetlands will be studied. The day will include a driving tour of the wetlands in search of wildlife. The 4-H Water Ambassador team will supplement daily activities with hands-on and interactive projects.Participation is free, and transportation between Hays and Great Bend, as well as all necessary equipment, will be provided. Campers will need to bring a sack lunch and reusable water bottle for each day; snacks will be provided.Camp will start at 10 a.m. at Frontier Park on June 9. Transportation from the Kansas Wetlands Education Center to Hays will leave at 8:45 a.m. Camp is dismissed at 3:15 p.m. Campers traveling back to the KWEC should return at 4:30 p.m.The Friday camp will start at 10 a.m. at Cheyenne Bottoms. Transportation from Hays to Cheyenne Bottoms will leave at 8:45 a.m. from the Cottonwood Extension Office in Hays at 601 Main St. Barton County campers can meet at the KWEC at 9:30 a.m. Camp is dismissed from the KWEC at 3:15 p.m. Campers traveling back to Hays should return at 4:30 p.m.The KWEC, 592 NE K-156 Highway, is at the southeast side of Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Area northeast of Great Bend.Registration is limited to 12 – six campers from Ellis County and six from Barton County. Registration deadline is May 27.To register for an event or camp go to:&nbsp;<a href="http://link.mediaoutreach.meltwater.com/ls/click?upn=-2BFJoAhsjp8losQfY8t-2BZtDI4Fbv2aCJ7wVn3UMG-2B6d7EPIvnUo7uIbKANOQy6jAEsXA2_-2FnwFlkKVzcKMOkDYhP8GUyFUplsqhIzQPvqFQr864lE6mcAzErX0FzZi5JGU6rvvK6MLOuHK4jhl5V61fmGkhToZRMbpEKBDAFMZ0jElT3tJmz7vmG2Oh1wrxpMGOIemcaW3ZQkmBBPB6VX2tAxPb4ZaAYbMJwViPE5bmuVrSvTHDWyEz96nEbWyYgV-2BI3yxPrDN8tg-2BB-2BH41L1Sfd-2BSx80zji2J-2BIUYz1BFv8ShmhUheviwvkoswHHSKxOny2MNWpX8vvPqwzGd-2FBUi0OfhwQ-2FndvhYJNq9Yd9bUGvq2TRte87SLXXuQMZzJG-2FqfggeV10gcGYgFbGkgqtE0C1aK9Kwl-2FOE7HRfJR1mDh39DvyylDURhYdqSvL7oEw5oHUqJbCeMgoIcXoBFza7lrwgYA-3D-3D" target="_blank">https://forms.gle/cqaCp862fH4QcP9p9</a>&nbsp;or email Mandy Kern at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:amkern2@fhsu.edu" target="_blank">amkern2@fhsu.edu</a>&nbsp;for the link. For more information on the Kansas Wetlands Education Center, visit&nbsp;<a href="http://link.mediaoutreach.meltwater.com/ls/click?upn=-2BFJoAhsjp8losQfY8t-2BZtMCDkFVbWlkuYggWR1l9m3niOQl9kmqWr-2FsCfzG-2FTJVW1Xdl_-2FnwFlkKVzcKMOkDYhP8GUyFUplsqhIzQPvqFQr864lE6mcAzErX0FzZi5JGU6rvvK6MLOuHK4jhl5V61fmGkhToZRMbpEKBDAFMZ0jElT3tJmz7vmG2Oh1wrxpMGOIemcaW3ZQkmBBPB6VX2tAxPb4ZaAYbMJwViPE5bmuVrSvTHDWyEz96nEbWyYgV-2BI3yxPrDN8tg-2BB-2BH41L1Sfd-2BSx6sux8g6xLKsSxkUh2hBVi-2B-2BN83yvz9vbp0yB-2BKXvgE0mYHV1Au7-2F8B9JzZWfgMlvIGdNxe4KAbsU0VqoG7by36624C5-2BAVzQBBO3swYUgqybhcG3DyCneB4iDN8Bzml1zlK-2FKTHyisEwlRgRyKQqc8nVaAy8PH1lhZwtwipnIP6K3kSDLpc8a-2FSaR5Oh4zxDA-3D-3D">https://wetlandscenter.fhsu.edu/</a>.

KWEC to offer water science camp this summer

Kansas State University crop entomologist Jeff Whitworth said he has received numerous calls from farmers who are already seeing cowpea and pea aphids in their alfalfa fields.&nbsp;&nbsp;

The aphids, he said, are probably in every field in Kansas, but “we usually do not see this many of them this early.”&nbsp;&nbsp;

He said the cowpea aphid population density that producers are seeing now is more typical of June or July, usually with the second or third alfalfa cutting. &nbsp;&nbsp;

“Alfalfa is a good host for beneficial insects, so when we see lady beetles over winter and they start going around feeding they’ll find some cowpea aphids or pea aphids because they arrive early in the season,” Whitworth said. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Because of that, “I still have a hard time recommending treating for aphids, whether they’re cowpea aphids or pea aphids." &nbsp;Whitworth said many producers worry about the honeydew on alfalfa plants that cowpea aphids produce. “If you’re really worried about them, I really don’t think there’s a specific percentage that creates the need for the aphids to be treated,” he said.&nbsp;&nbsp;

If a producer decides to treat for aphids, Whitworth said they may want to consider one of the new insecticides that are labeled for alfalfa aphids.

“If producers leave them untreated, I think the beneficial insects will find them and start helping to control them a little bit,” Whitworth said.

According to Whitworth, spraying for alfalfa weevils will also kill the aphid populations. &nbsp;&nbsp;

He said that a producer should choose to spray alfalfa weevils once the weevils are found on at least 50% of the alfalfa plants.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Whitworth said that the alfalfa plant does not need to be luscious on top when spraying alfalfa weevils because the treatment should still be effective in decreasing or eliminating alfalfa weevils from the field.&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Kansas State University crop entomologist Jeff Whitworth said he has received numerous calls from farmers who are already seeing cowpea and pea aphids in their alfalfa fields.&nbsp;&nbsp;The aphids, he said, are probably in every field in Kansas, but “we usually do not see this many of them this early.”&nbsp;&nbsp;He said the cowpea aphid population density that producers are seeing now is more typical of June or July, usually with the second or third alfalfa cutting. &nbsp;&nbsp;“Alfalfa is a good host for beneficial insects, so when we see lady beetles over winter and they start going around feeding they’ll find some cowpea aphids or pea aphids because they arrive early in the season,” Whitworth said. &nbsp;&nbsp;Because of that, “I still have a hard time recommending treating for aphids, whether they’re cowpea aphids or pea aphids." &nbsp;Whitworth said many producers worry about the honeydew on alfalfa plants that cowpea aphids produce. “If you’re really worried about them, I really don’t think there’s a specific percentage that creates the need for the aphids to be treated,” he said.&nbsp;&nbsp;If a producer decides to treat for aphids, Whitworth said they may want to consider one of the new insecticides that are labeled for alfalfa aphids.“If producers leave them untreated, I think the beneficial insects will find them and start helping to control them a little bit,” Whitworth said.According to Whitworth, spraying for alfalfa weevils will also kill the aphid populations. &nbsp;&nbsp;He said that a producer should choose to spray alfalfa weevils once the weevils are found on at least 50% of the alfalfa plants.&nbsp;&nbsp;Whitworth said that the alfalfa plant does not need to be luscious on top when spraying alfalfa weevils because the treatment should still be effective in decreasing or eliminating alfalfa weevils from the field.&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

BOOR: Farmers seeing aphids in alfalfa fields

As planting season for corn is around the corner, producers need to determine their corn seeding rates. The plant density necessary to optimize yields (optimal plant density, or OPD) depends on the expected available resources, mainly water and nutrients.

Plant density needs to be determined seasonally, depending on the expected growing conditions. In rainy years, a producer may increase the target plant density and obtain an increase in profit provided there is sufficient nitrogen fertilization. Under dry conditions, farmers should consider cutting back on plant density. This applies primarily to dryland corn production.

The upcoming season is expected to be drier and hotter than normal in much of the Corn Belt region, thus yield expectations should be adjusted accordingly. Depending on the combination of current environmental conditions (soil and climate) and forecast, the economic optimum plant density will have to differ from the one used in an average or good growing season.

Based on the weather forecasts released in March, there is a clear signal indicating the need to consider using lower-than-normal plant densities for dryland corn in many areas of Kansas this spring. That is due to the combination of predicted below normal rainfall and high temperatures Many sections of the state show a potential need to reduce optimal plant density (OPD) for corn (at least 2,000 plants/acre) to adjust for the current and expected weather conditions.

To view the charts and information related to the forecasted optimum plant density (OPD) for the 2022 summer season, relative to the 2018 optimum for corn (wet Year) across the region and in Kansas go to https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/

You will see colors represent whether the recommended change is to increase (green) or decrease (orange) the target plant density (OPD) from what would be used in a wet year. Upper panel shows the potential changes for the Corn Belt region, and lower panel refers to the changes in plant density for Kansas.

In summary, 2022 is predicted to be a challenging season in much of Kansas, thus farmers should consider reducing their seeding rates for dryland corn. The utilization of probabilistic and dynamic models such as the one presented here, can help producers

make real-time decisions to adjust inputs based on current soil moisture conditions and seasonal weather forecasts.

Information provided by Ignacio Ciampitti, Extension Farming &amp; Cropping Systems specialist and Josefina Lacasa, PhD student.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1574181994278.png" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>As planting season for corn is around the corner, producers need to determine their corn seeding rates. The plant density necessary to optimize yields (optimal plant density, or OPD) depends on the expected available resources, mainly water and nutrients.Plant density needs to be determined seasonally, depending on the expected growing conditions. In rainy years, a producer may increase the target plant density and obtain an increase in profit provided there is sufficient nitrogen fertilization. Under dry conditions, farmers should consider cutting back on plant density. This applies primarily to dryland corn production.The upcoming season is expected to be drier and hotter than normal in much of the Corn Belt region, thus yield expectations should be adjusted accordingly. Depending on the combination of current environmental conditions (soil and climate) and forecast, the economic optimum plant density will have to differ from the one used in an average or good growing season.Based on the weather forecasts released in March, there is a clear signal indicating the need to consider using lower-than-normal plant densities for dryland corn in many areas of Kansas this spring. That is due to the combination of predicted below normal rainfall and high temperatures Many sections of the state show a potential need to reduce optimal plant density (OPD) for corn (at least 2,000 plants/acre) to adjust for the current and expected weather conditions.To view the charts and information related to the forecasted optimum plant density (OPD) for the 2022 summer season, relative to the 2018 optimum for corn (wet Year) across the region and in Kansas go to https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/You will see colors represent whether the recommended change is to increase (green) or decrease (orange) the target plant density (OPD) from what would be used in a wet year. Upper panel shows the potential changes for the Corn Belt region, and lower panel refers to the changes in plant density for Kansas.In summary, 2022 is predicted to be a challenging season in much of Kansas, thus farmers should consider reducing their seeding rates for dryland corn. The utilization of probabilistic and dynamic models such as the one presented here, can help producersmake real-time decisions to adjust inputs based on current soil moisture conditions and seasonal weather forecasts.Information provided by Ignacio Ciampitti, Extension Farming &amp; Cropping Systems specialist and Josefina Lacasa, PhD student.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Adjust corn plant density for 2022 season

Considering they spend most of their time underground, it may seem surprising the damage that moles do above ground.&nbsp;&nbsp;

As they forage for food, moles are known to make travel lanes that cause meandering paths of upheaved soil in home lawns and farmsteads. Moles do not feed on plant matter, but they can still cause damage by disturbing roots and uprooting small plants.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Some tunnels may be abandoned soon after they’re built, while others are used for a period of time.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Kansas State University horticulture expert Ward Upham said homeowners have come up with many remedies – chewing gum, noisemakers, broken glass, bleaches, windmills and human hair among them – but none have provided consistent or reliable control.&nbsp;&nbsp;

“Poison baits also fail to work because moles feed on earthworms and grubs, not vegetable matter,” Upham said. “Even grub control products are ineffective because they do not control earthworms,” which are the primary food source for moles.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Grim as it may sound, traps are the best control method for moles, according to Upham.&nbsp;&nbsp;

“There are three types of traps: harpoon, choker and scissor-jawed,” he said. “Each can be effective but may take some time to master.”&nbsp;&nbsp;

More information on preventing mole damage in home lawns or on a farm is available online from the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wildlife.k-state.edu/species/moles/index.html" target="_blank">K-State Research and Extension wildlife management program</a>&nbsp;or your local Extension Agent.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Considering they spend most of their time underground, it may seem surprising the damage that moles do above ground.&nbsp;&nbsp;As they forage for food, moles are known to make travel lanes that cause meandering paths of upheaved soil in home lawns and farmsteads. Moles do not feed on plant matter, but they can still cause damage by disturbing roots and uprooting small plants.&nbsp;&nbsp;Some tunnels may be abandoned soon after they’re built, while others are used for a period of time.&nbsp;&nbsp;Kansas State University horticulture expert Ward Upham said homeowners have come up with many remedies – chewing gum, noisemakers, broken glass, bleaches, windmills and human hair among them – but none have provided consistent or reliable control.&nbsp;&nbsp;“Poison baits also fail to work because moles feed on earthworms and grubs, not vegetable matter,” Upham said. “Even grub control products are ineffective because they do not control earthworms,” which are the primary food source for moles.&nbsp;&nbsp;Grim as it may sound, traps are the best control method for moles, according to Upham.&nbsp;&nbsp;“There are three types of traps: harpoon, choker and scissor-jawed,” he said. “Each can be effective but may take some time to master.”&nbsp;&nbsp;He offered the following advice: <ul>
 <li>Because moles use some tunnels more than others, use a broomstick or similar item to poke holes in a number of runs. Check a day later to see which runs have been repaired. These are the active runs. &nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Place a trap in an active run by excavating soil, placing the trap and then replacing loose soil. Secure the trap so that the recoil will not lift the trap out of the ground. Make sure the triggering mechanism is not in the center of the run. &nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Push down two holes, one on each side of the trap. Moles should be caught when they try to repair the tunnel. Move the traps if no moles are caught within three days.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li>
 </ul>More information on preventing mole damage in home lawns or on a farm is available online from the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wildlife.k-state.edu/species/moles/index.html" target="_blank">K-State Research and Extension wildlife management program</a>&nbsp;or your local Extension Agent.&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

BOOR: Mole control

On Tuesday, April 19 beginning at 4 p.m. at the Agricultural Research Center – Hays. The Cottonwood, Midway and Post Rock Extension Districts will be hosting a Pasture Management Before and After a Wildfire program.

K-State Research &amp; Extension rangeland specialists Walt Fick will discuss prescribed burns and management following wildfire, Keith Harmoney will go over his findings on recent and historical wildfires on pasture productivity and plant population in Ellis County, Chip Redmond K-State Mesonet will talk about the weather outlook for this coming season and rounding out the evening program will be Clint Laflin, Midway District Livestock agent talking about the experiences in the 4-county fire and overview and lastly then there will be a Town Hall – Q &amp; A session.

RSVP for the meal count has been extended to Monday, April 18 at 12 noon. Call Cottonwood District Office in Hays at 785-628-9430 that’s 628-9430 or email Theresa at tam3@ksu.edu to reserve your spot.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/4/1650036710147.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>On Tuesday, April 19 beginning at 4 p.m. at the Agricultural Research Center – Hays. The Cottonwood, Midway and Post Rock Extension Districts will be hosting a Pasture Management Before and After a Wildfire program.K-State Research &amp; Extension rangeland specialists Walt Fick will discuss prescribed burns and management following wildfire, Keith Harmoney will go over his findings on recent and historical wildfires on pasture productivity and plant population in Ellis County, Chip Redmond K-State Mesonet will talk about the weather outlook for this coming season and rounding out the evening program will be Clint Laflin, Midway District Livestock agent talking about the experiences in the 4-county fire and overview and lastly then there will be a Town Hall – Q &amp; A session.RSVP for the meal count has been extended to Monday, April 18 at 12 noon. Call Cottonwood District Office in Hays at 785-628-9430 that’s 628-9430 or email Theresa at tam3@ksu.edu to reserve your spot.

Pasture Management Before and After a Wildfire

April 17 through 23 is recognized as National Volunteer Week.

Take just a moment and think about people in your world who volunteer for others; those who spend time helping at the food bank, coaching youth sports, teaching in faith-based programs, are members of civic organizations, clean up ditches, and especially, in our rural communities, give of themselves as volunteer firefighters and first responders.

I am currently listening to the audio book “Blue Mind” by Wallace J. Nichols which has a focus and much research about how our lives and mindset are impacted by nature and, in particular, water. I know for myself, this landlocked Kansas girl is drawn to streams, ponds, rivers, and beaches of every sort. Much of this book speaks to me but I especially love the section about Blue Marbles. According to the website, wallacejnichols.org, this is an initiative that began in 2009 at a speaking engagement with the idea of using that simple, accessible symbol of our Earth to share a message of gratitude. Mr. Nichols encouraged listeners to hold the marble at arm’s length and recognize its similarity to the Earth as seen from space. Next, he asked that they hold it up close and look at their world through the blue. Do we step back and look at our world to truly see those who give unselfishly of their time and talents? I appreciate the “rules” of the initiative which are

1) The marble must be blue of any shade and, because this relates to caring for our planet and the water on it, preferably made of recycled glass!

2) When you get one, give it away to someone as a token of gratitude and tell them WHY

3) Share your story with the world however you want

This idea of sharing our appreciation for someone and being specific really resonates with me. 4-H couldn’t function without volunteers. Wonderful adults who make time as club leaders, project leaders, and event volunteers. These adults set examples and help young people have a structure to learn, grow, and explore their world. They use research-based curriculum to guide youth to finding the spark that ignites their interest, and potentially, careers.

We have nine 4-H clubs across Barton County plus Shooting Sports instructors, Junior Leader, Livestock, and 4-H Council advisers and I am grateful for each one. I think I need to track down some blue marbles!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1579114162620.jpeg" alt="written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>April 17 through 23 is recognized as National Volunteer Week.Take just a moment and think about people in your world who volunteer for others; those who spend time helping at the food bank, coaching youth sports, teaching in faith-based programs, are members of civic organizations, clean up ditches, and especially, in our rural communities, give of themselves as volunteer firefighters and first responders.I am currently listening to the audio book “Blue Mind” by Wallace J. Nichols which has a focus and much research about how our lives and mindset are impacted by nature and, in particular, water. I know for myself, this landlocked Kansas girl is drawn to streams, ponds, rivers, and beaches of every sort. Much of this book speaks to me but I especially love the section about Blue Marbles. According to the website, wallacejnichols.org, this is an initiative that began in 2009 at a speaking engagement with the idea of using that simple, accessible symbol of our Earth to share a message of gratitude. Mr. Nichols encouraged listeners to hold the marble at arm’s length and recognize its similarity to the Earth as seen from space. Next, he asked that they hold it up close and look at their world through the blue. Do we step back and look at our world to truly see those who give unselfishly of their time and talents? I appreciate the “rules” of the initiative which are1) The marble must be blue of any shade and, because this relates to caring for our planet and the water on it, preferably made of recycled glass!2) When you get one, give it away to someone as a token of gratitude and tell them WHY3) Share your story with the world however you wantThis idea of sharing our appreciation for someone and being specific really resonates with me. 4-H couldn’t function without volunteers. Wonderful adults who make time as club leaders, project leaders, and event volunteers. These adults set examples and help young people have a structure to learn, grow, and explore their world. They use research-based curriculum to guide youth to finding the spark that ignites their interest, and potentially, careers.We have nine 4-H clubs across Barton County plus Shooting Sports instructors, Junior Leader, Livestock, and 4-H Council advisers and I am grateful for each one. I think I need to track down some blue marbles!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County office. For more information on this article or other 4-H and Youth Development related questions, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call 620-793-1910.

BERAN: Volunteers

In Extension we hear it a lot. I was not aware of that information, what did you say it was and where can I find it? We all realize that with a smart phone in hand that accessing information has never been more readily available, of course there is a tremendous amount of information to filter through in order to find what you are looking for.

One thing I am trying to get in a better habit of telling people, is if you are looking for something from K-State Research &amp; Extension (KSRE), type the subject and then comma KSU into your internet browser. For example, if you are looking for weed control in home lawns, type “weed control in home lawns, KSU” and you will get the fact sheet or short publication on “Weed Control in Home Lawns” by KSRE. Another way to get just land-grant or research based information is after typing in the subject you are seeking put a comma or the + sign and site:edu, (i.e. Weed Control in Home Lawns, site:edu).

A good podcast to listen to is titled “War Against Weeds” and has some of the latest weed information for your weed management toolbox. This podcast is an outreach effort from Sarah Lancaster, K-State Extension Weed Science Specialist, Mandy Bish, Extension Weed Scientist at the University of Missouri, and Joe Ikely, Extension Weed Scientist at North Dakota State.

There are currently about 40 full-length episodes available, including eleven new episodes that have been uploaded since January. Season three episodes have included topics that range from kochia biology and management to the influence of the Endangered Species Act enforcement on weed management. Episodes remaining for season three include an update on herbicide resistant weed research and a discussion about using drones for weed management. Episodes are approximately 30 minutes long and free to access. They are posted at https://waragainstweeds.libsyn.com/ in addition to being available on Spotify, iTunes, and Google Podcasts. If you have any suggestions for future episodes, contact Sarah Lancaster by email at slancaster@ksu.edu

The Cottonwood Extension District is part of the land grant university system and Kansas State University and KSRE is within that system or umbrella. In all 105 counties in Kansas there is a county or district extension office. We have lots and lots of research based information on many different topics and we at the Cottonwood District and KSRE are continuing to use social media to push information out as well.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1574181994278.png" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>In Extension we hear it a lot. I was not aware of that information, what did you say it was and where can I find it? We all realize that with a smart phone in hand that accessing information has never been more readily available, of course there is a tremendous amount of information to filter through in order to find what you are looking for.One thing I am trying to get in a better habit of telling people, is if you are looking for something from K-State Research &amp; Extension (KSRE), type the subject and then comma KSU into your internet browser. For example, if you are looking for weed control in home lawns, type “weed control in home lawns, KSU” and you will get the fact sheet or short publication on “Weed Control in Home Lawns” by KSRE. Another way to get just land-grant or research based information is after typing in the subject you are seeking put a comma or the + sign and site:edu, (i.e. Weed Control in Home Lawns, site:edu).A good podcast to listen to is titled “War Against Weeds” and has some of the latest weed information for your weed management toolbox. This podcast is an outreach effort from Sarah Lancaster, K-State Extension Weed Science Specialist, Mandy Bish, Extension Weed Scientist at the University of Missouri, and Joe Ikely, Extension Weed Scientist at North Dakota State.There are currently about 40 full-length episodes available, including eleven new episodes that have been uploaded since January. Season three episodes have included topics that range from kochia biology and management to the influence of the Endangered Species Act enforcement on weed management. Episodes remaining for season three include an update on herbicide resistant weed research and a discussion about using drones for weed management. Episodes are approximately 30 minutes long and free to access. They are posted at https://waragainstweeds.libsyn.com/ in addition to being available on Spotify, iTunes, and Google Podcasts. If you have any suggestions for future episodes, contact Sarah Lancaster by email at slancaster@ksu.eduThe Cottonwood Extension District is part of the land grant university system and Kansas State University and KSRE is within that system or umbrella. In all 105 counties in Kansas there is a county or district extension office. We have lots and lots of research based information on many different topics and we at the Cottonwood District and KSRE are continuing to use social media to push information out as well.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Weed management podcast wrapping up third season

Kansas State University veterinarian Gregg Hanzlicek is urging beef cattle producers to review their herd’s vaccination and parasite control program as summer approaches. &nbsp;&nbsp;

He said vaccinations should be given to protect the cows against all the major reproductive infectious diseases before breeding season, including IBR (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis), BVD (bovine viral diarrhea), leptospirosis and campylobacter.&nbsp;&nbsp;

According to Hanzlicek, those vaccinations should be given 45-60 days before the bulls will be released with the cows. “This allows enough time for the cows to respond to the vaccine and enough time for the cow to recover from any minor negative vaccine effects,” he said.&nbsp;&nbsp;

“Use the same vaccine (and) the same vaccine schedule for the bulls. Bulls are too often forgotten in vaccination programs.”&nbsp;&nbsp;

In addition, Hanzlicek recommends insecticidal ear tags to control for flies this summer, saying “tags still provide the best protection against heavy fly infestations.”&nbsp;&nbsp;

Hanzlicek urges producers to tag cows and bulls. “Two tags per animal are more effective than one,” he said. &nbsp;&nbsp;

It might also be necessary to tag the calves in times when fly populations are very large, but producers should start with the cows.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Hanzlicek said producers should rotate the fly tag’s chemistry to decrease the fly's ability to build resistance to the insecticide.&nbsp;&nbsp;

“If we continue to use products that have the same chemistry/insecticide, we breed for resistance,” he said. “Either a 2- or 3-year rotation is ideal, depending on the insecticides used.”&nbsp;&nbsp;

He adds: “It is also important to remember to remove the insecticide ear tags at the end of pasture season and dispose of them properly. Not doing this will build up insecticide resistance in the fly populations, and through time fly programs will become less and less effective.”&nbsp;&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Kansas State University veterinarian Gregg Hanzlicek is urging beef cattle producers to review their herd’s vaccination and parasite control program as summer approaches. &nbsp;&nbsp;He said vaccinations should be given to protect the cows against all the major reproductive infectious diseases before breeding season, including IBR (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis), BVD (bovine viral diarrhea), leptospirosis and campylobacter.&nbsp;&nbsp;According to Hanzlicek, those vaccinations should be given 45-60 days before the bulls will be released with the cows. “This allows enough time for the cows to respond to the vaccine and enough time for the cow to recover from any minor negative vaccine effects,” he said.&nbsp;&nbsp;“Use the same vaccine (and) the same vaccine schedule for the bulls. Bulls are too often forgotten in vaccination programs.”&nbsp;&nbsp;In addition, Hanzlicek recommends insecticidal ear tags to control for flies this summer, saying “tags still provide the best protection against heavy fly infestations.”&nbsp;&nbsp;Hanzlicek urges producers to tag cows and bulls. “Two tags per animal are more effective than one,” he said. &nbsp;&nbsp;It might also be necessary to tag the calves in times when fly populations are very large, but producers should start with the cows.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hanzlicek said producers should rotate the fly tag’s chemistry to decrease the fly's ability to build resistance to the insecticide.&nbsp;&nbsp;“If we continue to use products that have the same chemistry/insecticide, we breed for resistance,” he said. “Either a 2- or 3-year rotation is ideal, depending on the insecticides used.”&nbsp;&nbsp;He adds: “It is also important to remember to remove the insecticide ear tags at the end of pasture season and dispose of them properly. Not doing this will build up insecticide resistance in the fly populations, and through time fly programs will become less and less effective.”&nbsp;&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

BOOR: Herd health

Several K-State Research &amp; Extension Districts will be offering a Hazardous Occupation Safety Training in Agriculture or Tractor and Farm Safety Course on Saturday, April 30 from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. in Hill City at the Graham County Fairgrounds 4-H Building.

The United States Department of Labor requires youth 14 – 15 years of age attend this safety training in order to work on a farm for someone other than their parents. However, there are several cases where youth may be required to take the training even though they are working on the “family farm.” For instance, if the parent is a partner or member of a farm corporation or if the youth is legally employed by grandparents, the law requires youth participate in the course. Any employer who plans to hire youth under 16 years of age must make sure they attend this tractor and farm safety course.

Certification will be presented to participants who meet all of the following. Attend the entire session, complete all assignments, successfully complete tractor safety exam, safely demonstrate the ability to operate a tractor and all its controls according to safe operating procedures under the supervision of a parent or employer, youth ages 14-15 years (others will receive certification at the time they turn 14). There is a $10 fee to attend and RSVP is requested by Friday, April 22nd. Thank you to our lunch and refreshment sponsor, People’s State Bank! This program is being offered and taught by Extension Agents in the Cottonwood, Twin Creeks, Golden Prairie and Phillips/Rooks Extension Districts. To register contact any of the above Extension Districts by Saturday, April 22 to register and pickup study materials before-hand.

Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430.

Several K-State Research &amp; Extension Districts will be offering a Hazardous Occupation Safety Training in Agriculture or Tractor and Farm Safety Course on Saturday, April 30 from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. in Hill City at the Graham County Fairgrounds 4-H Building.The United States Department of Labor requires youth 14 – 15 years of age attend this safety training in order to work on a farm for someone other than their parents. However, there are several cases where youth may be required to take the training even though they are working on the “family farm.” For instance, if the parent is a partner or member of a farm corporation or if the youth is legally employed by grandparents, the law requires youth participate in the course. Any employer who plans to hire youth under 16 years of age must make sure they attend this tractor and farm safety course.Certification will be presented to participants who meet all of the following. Attend the entire session, complete all assignments, successfully complete tractor safety exam, safely demonstrate the ability to operate a tractor and all its controls according to safe operating procedures under the supervision of a parent or employer, youth ages 14-15 years (others will receive certification at the time they turn 14). There is a $10 fee to attend and RSVP is requested by Friday, April 22nd. Thank you to our lunch and refreshment sponsor, People’s State Bank! This program is being offered and taught by Extension Agents in the Cottonwood, Twin Creeks, Golden Prairie and Phillips/Rooks Extension Districts. To register contact any of the above Extension Districts by Saturday, April 22 to register and pickup study materials before-hand.Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430.

Tractor & Farm Safety Course – April 30

With Easter just one week away, it is time to share the best food safety practices when handling those ever-popular Easter Eggs. It seems no matter how old we are, there is something special about preparing hard-cooked eggs and dying/decorating them for the family Easter Egg hunt. Read on for some great food safety reminders.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>With Easter just one week away, it is time to share the best food safety practices when handling those ever-popular Easter Eggs. It seems no matter how old we are, there is something special about preparing hard-cooked eggs and dying/decorating them for the family Easter Egg hunt. Read on for some great food safety reminders.After hard cooking eggs, dye them and return them to the refrigerator within 2 hours. If eggs are to be eaten, use a food-safe coloring. Wash your hands before and after handling eggs.Hard-cooked eggs that have been lying on the ground can pick up bacteria, especially if the shells are cracked. If the shells crack, bacteria could contaminate the inside. Hide eggs in locations protected from dirt, moisture, pets, and other sources of bacteria. Hide and hunt for the eggs within 2 hours. Toss any of the eggs that have cracked during the Easter Egg hunt. The “found” eggs must be washed, re-refrigerated, and eaten within 7 days of cooking.The two-hour rule that I mentioned above is also the advice I give to anyone who is putting out a spread of food for a family celebration. Popular foods like salads and egg dishes should be kept cold, below 40 degrees Fahrenheit, until ready to serve. Mayonnaise in salads is very acidic and likely not a foodborne illness issue, but it is the other ingredients, such as potatoes, eggs, chicken, or pasta that can allow bacteria to thrive if handled poorly or temperature abused.Another food safety tip is to read the label to know what type of ham you are purchasing, either fresh or ready-to-eat. Fresh ham labels will detail cooking instructions, and the label may state to cook thoroughly. Ready to eat ham can be served out of the package or reheated at an oven temperature of 325 degrees Fahrenheit until the internal temperature reaches 140 degrees.Whatever you have on your Easter dinner menu, I hope you have a Happy Easter celebration with your family!Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider.