Freezing temperatures change plant metabolism and composition, and different forage species respond differently to cold stress as the fall progresses. Still, damaging frosts significantly reduce forage quality in most forage species. Depending on plant species, these changes in metabolism resulting from freezing temperatures can create possible feeding-related animal disorders, and therefore, there may be a need to alter grazing management.

Prussic acid poisoning Plants that contain cyanogenic glucosides, such as warm-season annual grasses in the sorghum family, produce larger amounts of cyanide (prussic acid) when damaged by frost (Figure 1). Greater potential for harmful cyanide levels occur in soils with nitrogen content and low in phosphorus or potassium.

Consuming large amounts of prussic acid interferes with oxygen utilization, potentially causing animals to die from asphyxiation (respiratory paralysis). Symptoms such as cherry-red colored blood, staggering, difficulty breathing, spasms, foaming at the mouth, excess salivation, falling, and severe convulsions appear rapidly after forage consumption, sometimes leading to animal death within minutes.

It is extremely important to use caution when grazing these species during the fall.&nbsp;Most toxins are produced within hours of a freeze event, so grazing animals should be removed from the field before a frost or freeze occurs. If there is a killing frost, it is advised to avoid livestock grazing these pastures for up to three days after the frost – as the toxin usually dissipates within 72 hours or until plant tissue is dried out. Fresh forage is riskier as cyanide levels will be higher as compared to dry tissue, silage, or hay. After non-killing frosts, we advise you to wait 10-14 days without additional frost action before grazing.

Prussic acid content decreases significantly when the forage is cut for hay/used for silage, as large amounts are lost as gas during fermentation. Still, it is recommended to delay feeding silage for six to eight weeks following ensiling. Forage cut for hay that contained high concentrations of cyanide before harvest may still have dangerous levels even after drying. Testing is cheap compared to dead cows. &nbsp;Producers can consider mixing nonthreatening forages into the diet to dilute any potentially damaging residual cyanide.

Forages with differing potentials for prussic acid production:

Other species that have the potential to contain toxic levels of prussic acid after frost include Johnsongrass, chokecherry, black cherry, and elderberry..

The summer of 2023 was extremely dry in many areas of Kansas. Drought-stressed annual and perennial forages can accumulate toxic nitrate levels. This can be worsened after a frost, as freezing damage slows down metabolism and can accumulate nitrate in parts of the plants that are still growing. Examples of forages that may have high nitrate levels include alfalfa, corn, oats, and other small grains, millet, sudangrass, sorghum sudangrass, Johnsongrass, etc. Before feeding or grazing drought-stressed forage, send a forage sample to a commercial lab to be tested for nitrates. Follow your lab’s specific instructions about how to collect and handle the sample. The cost of sampling and analysis is well below that of losing animals.

&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Freezing temperatures change plant metabolism and composition, and different forage species respond differently to cold stress as the fall progresses. Still, damaging frosts significantly reduce forage quality in most forage species. Depending on plant species, these changes in metabolism resulting from freezing temperatures can create possible feeding-related animal disorders, and therefore, there may be a need to alter grazing management.Prussic acid poisoning Plants that contain cyanogenic glucosides, such as warm-season annual grasses in the sorghum family, produce larger amounts of cyanide (prussic acid) when damaged by frost (Figure 1). Greater potential for harmful cyanide levels occur in soils with nitrogen content and low in phosphorus or potassium.Consuming large amounts of prussic acid interferes with oxygen utilization, potentially causing animals to die from asphyxiation (respiratory paralysis). Symptoms such as cherry-red colored blood, staggering, difficulty breathing, spasms, foaming at the mouth, excess salivation, falling, and severe convulsions appear rapidly after forage consumption, sometimes leading to animal death within minutes.It is extremely important to use caution when grazing these species during the fall.&nbsp;Most toxins are produced within hours of a freeze event, so grazing animals should be removed from the field before a frost or freeze occurs. If there is a killing frost, it is advised to avoid livestock grazing these pastures for up to three days after the frost – as the toxin usually dissipates within 72 hours or until plant tissue is dried out. Fresh forage is riskier as cyanide levels will be higher as compared to dry tissue, silage, or hay. After non-killing frosts, we advise you to wait 10-14 days without additional frost action before grazing.Prussic acid content decreases significantly when the forage is cut for hay/used for silage, as large amounts are lost as gas during fermentation. Still, it is recommended to delay feeding silage for six to eight weeks following ensiling. Forage cut for hay that contained high concentrations of cyanide before harvest may still have dangerous levels even after drying. Testing is cheap compared to dead cows. &nbsp;Producers can consider mixing nonthreatening forages into the diet to dilute any potentially damaging residual cyanide.Forages with differing potentials for prussic acid production:<ul>
 <li>High: grain sorghum, forage sorghum, and sorghum-sudangrass hybrids</li><li>Intermediate: sudangrass</li><li>Low: piper sudangrass, pearl millet, and foxtail millet</li>
 </ul>Other species that have the potential to contain toxic levels of prussic acid after frost include Johnsongrass, chokecherry, black cherry, and elderberry..Nitrate toxicityThe summer of 2023 was extremely dry in many areas of Kansas. Drought-stressed annual and perennial forages can accumulate toxic nitrate levels. This can be worsened after a frost, as freezing damage slows down metabolism and can accumulate nitrate in parts of the plants that are still growing. Examples of forages that may have high nitrate levels include alfalfa, corn, oats, and other small grains, millet, sudangrass, sorghum sudangrass, Johnsongrass, etc. Before feeding or grazing drought-stressed forage, send a forage sample to a commercial lab to be tested for nitrates. Follow your lab’s specific instructions about how to collect and handle the sample. The cost of sampling and analysis is well below that of losing animals.&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Prussic acid and nitrates 

Marestail or horseweed (Erigeron canadensis) is a challenging weed to manage in no-till or minimum-till soybeans systems. This weed is classified as a winter annual, but it germinates well into spring and summer, making it even more difficult to manage. In addition to an extended germination window, marestail can produce up to 200,000 seeds/plant, with approximately 80% of those seeds being able to germinate immediately after maturation. Kansas producers also face the added difficulty of trying to manage glyphosate-resistant marestail.

Acceptable control of fall-emerged marestail with herbicide applications at planting will be unlikely because the marestail are generally too large, but control can be achieved with both fall and early spring herbicide applications. Other control options include tillage and cover crops.

Residual herbicides for marestail control include chlorimuron (Classic, others), flumioxazin (Valor, others), sulfentrazone (Spartan, others), and metribuzin products. Group 4 herbicides such as 2,4-D, dicamba, fluroxypyr (Starane Ultra), or haluxifen (Elevore) are good options to control emerged marestail, especially populations that are resistant to glyphosate or ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Control of marestail in the rosette stage is similar among the Group 4 herbicides, but dicamba controls bolted marestail better than 2,4-D. Saflufenacil (Sharpen) or glufosinate (Liberty, others) applied can also control bolted marestail.

Fall and spring tillage has been shown to be effective in controlling marestail for a spring-planted crop. When tillage is not utilized in the fall, marestail will establish and be present in the spring. If implementing a minimum tillage system is the goal, marestail can be controlled when a fall herbicide application is followed by shallow tillage in the spring or vice versa.

Cover Crops -utilizing cover crops can result in fewer and smaller marestail plants in a field. Recent research in Kansas has shown control of marestail with a cereal rye cover crop paired with spring herbicide applications. The key to effectively suppressing marestail with cover crops is the accumulation of adequate cover crop biomass before marestail emerges, so timely cover crop planting is important for this strategy to succeed.

For additional information, see the “2023 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, and Noncropland” guide available online. Just type into your internet browser “Chemical Weed Control Guide, KSU”. Or check with your local K-State Research and Extension office for a paper copy.

The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Marestail or horseweed (Erigeron canadensis) is a challenging weed to manage in no-till or minimum-till soybeans systems. This weed is classified as a winter annual, but it germinates well into spring and summer, making it even more difficult to manage. In addition to an extended germination window, marestail can produce up to 200,000 seeds/plant, with approximately 80% of those seeds being able to germinate immediately after maturation. Kansas producers also face the added difficulty of trying to manage glyphosate-resistant marestail.Acceptable control of fall-emerged marestail with herbicide applications at planting will be unlikely because the marestail are generally too large, but control can be achieved with both fall and early spring herbicide applications. Other control options include tillage and cover crops.Residual herbicides for marestail control include chlorimuron (Classic, others), flumioxazin (Valor, others), sulfentrazone (Spartan, others), and metribuzin products. Group 4 herbicides such as 2,4-D, dicamba, fluroxypyr (Starane Ultra), or haluxifen (Elevore) are good options to control emerged marestail, especially populations that are resistant to glyphosate or ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Control of marestail in the rosette stage is similar among the Group 4 herbicides, but dicamba controls bolted marestail better than 2,4-D. Saflufenacil (Sharpen) or glufosinate (Liberty, others) applied can also control bolted marestail.Fall and spring tillage has been shown to be effective in controlling marestail for a spring-planted crop. When tillage is not utilized in the fall, marestail will establish and be present in the spring. If implementing a minimum tillage system is the goal, marestail can be controlled when a fall herbicide application is followed by shallow tillage in the spring or vice versa.Cover Crops -utilizing cover crops can result in fewer and smaller marestail plants in a field. Recent research in Kansas has shown control of marestail with a cereal rye cover crop paired with spring herbicide applications. The key to effectively suppressing marestail with cover crops is the accumulation of adequate cover crop biomass before marestail emerges, so timely cover crop planting is important for this strategy to succeed.For additional information, see the “2023 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, and Noncropland” guide available online. Just type into your internet browser “Chemical Weed Control Guide, KSU”. Or check with your local K-State Research and Extension office for a paper copy.The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Get control of fall-emerged marestail before next spring

This past Wednesday, K-State’s Living Well Wednesday series kicked off with caution against e-cigarettes. This topic has become extremely prevalent since I began as the Family and Community Wellness agent in June, so I am excited to share the great insight of Donna Gerstner who gave this past week’s Live Well Wednesday presentation.

· 60.4% of students who use e-cigarettes – also known as vaping – on a regular basis have reported symptoms of depression, compared to 29.1% of those who have never used e-cigarettes.

· 42.5% of those who use e-cigarettes are more likely to self-harm; 42% plan on it; 37.5% will attempt self-harm.

· 8 out of 10 youth who use e-cigarettes reported additional substance abuse, including alcohol and marijuana.

“So you see that it’s really scary that youth are using vapes because it causes suicidal behavior,” said Gerstner, who coordinates grants aimed at chronic disease risk reduction (known as CDRR) and e-cigarette prevention.

In Kansas, more than 48% of high school students have tried e-cigarettes and 22% are currently users, according to the state’s Division of Public Health surveys.

Health officials say tobacco use among youth, including vaping, has negative consequences that ultimately cause more than 60,000 Kansans under age 18 to die prematurely from smoking.

“The tobacco industry is creating vaping products that appeal to young people,” Gerstner said. “This includes vaping pens that look like USB drives, ballpoint pens, watches and even vape wear, such as a hoodie where the vape comes out of the drawstrings.”

Vaping gained popularity in part because youth believed it was less harmful than smoking, was less expensive and many e-cigarettes came in various flavors.

But, Gerstner says, don’t be fooled by the lack of smoke produced from e-cigarettes. The cloud produced by e-cigarettes may appear to be water vapor, but in actuality it is a harmful aerosol of poisons that actually sticks to surfaces and creates a phenomenon known as third-hand smoke.

“Think of hairspray…what does it do? It doesn’t go away when you spray it on your hair,” Gerstner said.

“When somebody is vaping in an area, they leave chemicals on nearby surfaces, then dust reacts to other chemicals in the environment to form toxic chemicals. That’s third-hand smoke. These are potentially harmful chemicals that people and animals can be exposed to through the respiratory system. Small children are especially at-risk for third-hand smoke exposure because they always put everything in their mouth.”

In Garden City, Gerstner has been involved in efforts to pass a city and county ordinance that banned the sale of vaping products to teens. Currently, a group is working to change a school policy to eliminate a first-offense suspension for youth caught with vaping products, which only serves to give the opportunity for youth to stay home and vape there.

“Instead,” she said, “we need to give those youth the tools that they can use to help themselves.”

“We also have a statewide youth program called RESIST to fight against the tobacco industry’s manipulative marketing tactics,” Gerstner said. “Local chapters work to educate their peers and advocate for local policies that restrict access to tobacco products.”

Gerstner spoke at length on the topic during the K-State Research and Extension online series, Living Well Wednesday. Her presentation, titled ‘It’s Not So Kool to JUUL,’ is available to view online.

The Living Well Wednesday series continues Nov. 1 with a presentation titled Teen Stress and Anxiety: How Worried do Parents Need to Be? The series is free, but those interested are required to register online to receive a link where the session can be accessed.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>This past Wednesday, K-State’s Living Well Wednesday series kicked off with caution against e-cigarettes. This topic has become extremely prevalent since I began as the Family and Community Wellness agent in June, so I am excited to share the great insight of Donna Gerstner who gave this past week’s Live Well Wednesday presentation.Consider:· 60.4% of students who use e-cigarettes – also known as vaping – on a regular basis have reported symptoms of depression, compared to 29.1% of those who have never used e-cigarettes.· 42.5% of those who use e-cigarettes are more likely to self-harm; 42% plan on it; 37.5% will attempt self-harm.· 8 out of 10 youth who use e-cigarettes reported additional substance abuse, including alcohol and marijuana.“So you see that it’s really scary that youth are using vapes because it causes suicidal behavior,” said Gerstner, who coordinates grants aimed at chronic disease risk reduction (known as CDRR) and e-cigarette prevention.In Kansas, more than 48% of high school students have tried e-cigarettes and 22% are currently users, according to the state’s Division of Public Health surveys.Health officials say tobacco use among youth, including vaping, has negative consequences that ultimately cause more than 60,000 Kansans under age 18 to die prematurely from smoking.“The tobacco industry is creating vaping products that appeal to young people,” Gerstner said. “This includes vaping pens that look like USB drives, ballpoint pens, watches and even vape wear, such as a hoodie where the vape comes out of the drawstrings.”Vaping gained popularity in part because youth believed it was less harmful than smoking, was less expensive and many e-cigarettes came in various flavors.But, Gerstner says, don’t be fooled by the lack of smoke produced from e-cigarettes. The cloud produced by e-cigarettes may appear to be water vapor, but in actuality it is a harmful aerosol of poisons that actually sticks to surfaces and creates a phenomenon known as third-hand smoke.“Think of hairspray…what does it do? It doesn’t go away when you spray it on your hair,” Gerstner said.“When somebody is vaping in an area, they leave chemicals on nearby surfaces, then dust reacts to other chemicals in the environment to form toxic chemicals. That’s third-hand smoke. These are potentially harmful chemicals that people and animals can be exposed to through the respiratory system. Small children are especially at-risk for third-hand smoke exposure because they always put everything in their mouth.”In Garden City, Gerstner has been involved in efforts to pass a city and county ordinance that banned the sale of vaping products to teens. Currently, a group is working to change a school policy to eliminate a first-offense suspension for youth caught with vaping products, which only serves to give the opportunity for youth to stay home and vape there.“Instead,” she said, “we need to give those youth the tools that they can use to help themselves.”“We also have a statewide youth program called RESIST to fight against the tobacco industry’s manipulative marketing tactics,” Gerstner said. “Local chapters work to educate their peers and advocate for local policies that restrict access to tobacco products.”Gerstner spoke at length on the topic during the K-State Research and Extension online series, Living Well Wednesday. Her presentation, titled ‘It’s Not So Kool to JUUL,’ is available to view online.The Living Well Wednesday series continues Nov. 1 with a presentation titled Teen Stress and Anxiety: How Worried do Parents Need to Be? The series is free, but those interested are required to register online to receive a link where the session can be accessed.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: ‘It’s Not Kool to JUUL’ - Expert warns of vaping use among teens

Extension could not do the work we do without community partners! For myself with 4-H work, partnerships with our local recreation centers, libraries, and school districts are invaluable. Our Family and Community Wellness agents also partner with health departments, medical providers, and day care facilities to provide a wide variety of services. Our Ag and Natural Resources agents work with ag cooperatives, livestock producers and facilities, and many others in the ag service industries. We partner to provide programming for a wide audience across the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;

Extension is literally the extension of research from and for the land-grant university. As our community, you have an opportunity&nbsp;to participate in regional community visits with administration from Kansas State University. From the press release information provided, Kansas State University is gearing up for the second year of presidential community visits across Kansas. The regional community visit initiative focuses on the people of Kansas and their communities. K-State is visiting multiple communities throughout the state to listen to and learn from the Kansans who live here.&nbsp;

Visits for the Cottonwood Extension District include a community open forum on Tuesday, November 7th, from 5:30-7 pm at the Great Bend Events Center. On Wednesday, November 8th, a water management session will be held at the Kansas Wetlands Education Center from 9-10 am.

Also on Wednesday, November 8, child-care partnerships will be a focus of a discussion in Hays from 11:30-1. Following that event,&nbsp;prospective students and their families are invited to attend an event at The Strand in Hays from 6-7:15 pm.

All of these events are open to the public and more information, including registration, can be found at&nbsp;<a href="https://www.k-state.edu/president/initiatives/regional-community-visits" target="_blank">https://www.k-state.edu/president/initiatives/regional-community-visits</a>. You can also call either of our offices for more information. We look forward to seeing you at one of these community events!&nbsp;&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Extension could not do the work we do without community partners! For myself with 4-H work, partnerships with our local recreation centers, libraries, and school districts are invaluable. Our Family and Community Wellness agents also partner with health departments, medical providers, and day care facilities to provide a wide variety of services. Our Ag and Natural Resources agents work with ag cooperatives, livestock producers and facilities, and many others in the ag service industries. We partner to provide programming for a wide audience across the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;Extension is literally the extension of research from and for the land-grant university. As our community, you have an opportunity&nbsp;to participate in regional community visits with administration from Kansas State University. From the press release information provided, Kansas State University is gearing up for the second year of presidential community visits across Kansas. The regional community visit initiative focuses on the people of Kansas and their communities. K-State is visiting multiple communities throughout the state to listen to and learn from the Kansans who live here.&nbsp;Visits for the Cottonwood Extension District include a community open forum on Tuesday, November 7th, from 5:30-7 pm at the Great Bend Events Center. On Wednesday, November 8th, a water management session will be held at the Kansas Wetlands Education Center from 9-10 am.Also on Wednesday, November 8, child-care partnerships will be a focus of a discussion in Hays from 11:30-1. Following that event,&nbsp;prospective students and their families are invited to attend an event at The Strand in Hays from 6-7:15 pm.All of these events are open to the public and more information, including registration, can be found at&nbsp;<a href="https://www.k-state.edu/president/initiatives/regional-community-visits" target="_blank">https://www.k-state.edu/president/initiatives/regional-community-visits</a>. You can also call either of our offices for more information. We look forward to seeing you at one of these community events!&nbsp;&nbsp;

BERAN: A thank you to community partners

The Great Bend Recreation Commission will be hosting a free Stop ‘N Learn session titled “Diabetes: &nbsp;You Are in Control” on Wednesday, October 18, from 12:00 – 1:00 pm at the Great Bend Rec Activity Center (2715 18th&nbsp;Street).&nbsp; 

Mark your calendar and learn about diabetes risk, self-management, and self-care behaviors.&nbsp; We will also share some diabetes approved recipes and samples will be provided. &nbsp;Karissa Winkel, Family and Community Wellness Agent for K-State and Extension – Cottonwood District, will be the speaker for the program.&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

A complete list of programs and class details can be found at the GBRC website at&nbsp;<a href="http://www.greatbendrec.com/" target="_blank">www.greatbendrec.com</a>.&nbsp; Please contact the Recreation Commission office at 793-3755, ext 110, or stop by the office located at 1214 Stone Street for more information or with any questions you may have.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/10/1602181603891.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>The Great Bend Recreation Commission will be hosting a free Stop ‘N Learn session titled “Diabetes: &nbsp;You Are in Control” on Wednesday, October 18, from 12:00 – 1:00 pm at the Great Bend Rec Activity Center (2715 18th&nbsp;Street).&nbsp; Mark your calendar and learn about diabetes risk, self-management, and self-care behaviors.&nbsp; We will also share some diabetes approved recipes and samples will be provided. &nbsp;Karissa Winkel, Family and Community Wellness Agent for K-State and Extension – Cottonwood District, will be the speaker for the program.&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A complete list of programs and class details can be found at the GBRC website at&nbsp;<a href="http://www.greatbendrec.com/" target="_blank">www.greatbendrec.com</a>.&nbsp; Please contact the Recreation Commission office at 793-3755, ext 110, or stop by the office located at 1214 Stone Street for more information or with any questions you may have.

GBRC: Stop 'N Learn - Diabetes: You are in control

October 15-21, 2023 the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ (HHS) Office on Women’s Health (OWH) will kick off National Women’s Blood Pressure Awareness Week (NWBPAW). The 2023 theme is "Getting to the Heart of It All".

The initiative aims to highlight best practices in blood pressure control, raise awareness about the significance of maintaining healthy blood pressure levels, and educate our communities about the contributing factors, and implications of high blood pressure.

A recent survey shows most women do not recognize that heart disease is their number one health threat. We know that many different factors contribute to blood pressure control and heart health.

Know The Numbers Blood pressure is the force your blood puts on your artery walls. If this pressure is too high, called hypertension it can damage your heart over time. A blood pressure of less than 120 systolic and less than 80 diastolic is considered normal and healthy by the American Heart Association.

Heart Healthy Habits Lifestyle habits such as physical activity and nutrition play a large part in keeping your heart healthy. Many risk factors for developing high blood pressure are modifiable, which means you have the power to change them. Getting enough physical activity each week (150 minutes) and strength training twice a week are the current recommendations. The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) Diet and the Mediterranean Diet are two diets recommended for both heart and brain health.

Cut out Tobacco Use Smoking, vaping and other tobacco use harms nearly every part of the body including the heart. Nicotine raises your heart rate and blood pressure. It’s never too late to quick smoking, vaping or using tobacco products.

Monitor your Blood Pressure Checking your blood pressure regularly is important. You can make an appointment with your health care provider or visit a blood pressure station. Purchasing a monitor and self-monitoring is also an option.

Managing Blood Pressure Before, During and After Pregnancy Work with your provider before you get pregnant can set you up for success during and after pregnancy. During pregnancy discuss signs and symptoms of preeclampsia with your provider and self-monitor your blood pressure at home. If you experienced high blood pressure during pregnancy you are at risk of having other complications after birth. Pay attention to how you feel.

Link between Mental and Heart Health Mental and physical health are closely related. People who experience chronic stress, depression, and anxiety for a long period of time are more likely to develop conditions like high blood pressure, which can lead to heart disease. It is also common for people to develop mental health conditions after having an event like a heart attack. Managing stress and mental health symptoms is important for proper heart health.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>October 15-21, 2023 the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ (HHS) Office on Women’s Health (OWH) will kick off National Women’s Blood Pressure Awareness Week (NWBPAW). The 2023 theme is "Getting to the Heart of It All".The initiative aims to highlight best practices in blood pressure control, raise awareness about the significance of maintaining healthy blood pressure levels, and educate our communities about the contributing factors, and implications of high blood pressure.A recent survey shows most women do not recognize that heart disease is their number one health threat. We know that many different factors contribute to blood pressure control and heart health.Know The Numbers Blood pressure is the force your blood puts on your artery walls. If this pressure is too high, called hypertension it can damage your heart over time. A blood pressure of less than 120 systolic and less than 80 diastolic is considered normal and healthy by the American Heart Association.Heart Healthy Habits Lifestyle habits such as physical activity and nutrition play a large part in keeping your heart healthy. Many risk factors for developing high blood pressure are modifiable, which means you have the power to change them. Getting enough physical activity each week (150 minutes) and strength training twice a week are the current recommendations. The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) Diet and the Mediterranean Diet are two diets recommended for both heart and brain health.Cut out Tobacco Use Smoking, vaping and other tobacco use harms nearly every part of the body including the heart. Nicotine raises your heart rate and blood pressure. It’s never too late to quick smoking, vaping or using tobacco products.Monitor your Blood Pressure Checking your blood pressure regularly is important. You can make an appointment with your health care provider or visit a blood pressure station. Purchasing a monitor and self-monitoring is also an option.Managing Blood Pressure Before, During and After Pregnancy Work with your provider before you get pregnant can set you up for success during and after pregnancy. During pregnancy discuss signs and symptoms of preeclampsia with your provider and self-monitor your blood pressure at home. If you experienced high blood pressure during pregnancy you are at risk of having other complications after birth. Pay attention to how you feel.Link between Mental and Heart Health Mental and physical health are closely related. People who experience chronic stress, depression, and anxiety for a long period of time are more likely to develop conditions like high blood pressure, which can lead to heart disease. It is also common for people to develop mental health conditions after having an event like a heart attack. Managing stress and mental health symptoms is important for proper heart health.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: National Women’s Blood Pressure Awareness Week

I always love the changing of the seasons, especially summer to fall. After the heat of the summer, the cool, crisp mornings and cooler days makes me happy. One of the first signs that I can tell that summer is on its way out is the first leaves on the cottonwood trees starting to turn yellow. The reds and oranges of the maples and oaks quickly follow suite. &nbsp;Although the New England states is the place to view the changing of the seasons, Kansas is no slouch. I found an article this week for you for the Horticulture Department about why trees change the colors they do and how you get the striking colors of fall.

&nbsp;Part of the allure of fall foliage is color variation. There are trees that turn red, purple, yellow, orange and brown.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Specific plant pigments determine individual colors. Foliage derives its normal green color from chlorophyll, the substance that captures the energy of the sun. Other pigments produce fall colors. Reds and purples are caused by anthocyanins, yellows by xanthophylls, and oranges by a combination of carotenes and xanthophylls. Browns are the result of tannins present in the leaf. Most of these substances are present throughout the growing season but are masked by the green color produced by chlorophyll. Anthocyanins are the exception and are produced after the chlorophyll is destroyed in the fall.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; If you have ever seen pictures of New England in the fall, you have probably wondered why trees in Kansas usually do not color as well. This difference is partly because of the tree species prevalent in New England. Certain oaks and maples naturally produce good color. Coloring also is influenced by the weather.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Warm, sunny days and cool nights are ideal for good color. The sunny days encourage photosynthesis and, thus, sugar accumulation in the leaves. As fall progresses, each leaf develops an abscission layer at the base of the petiole, or leaf stem, that prevents these sugars from being transported down the trunk to the roots for storage. This high sugar content in the leaves produces more intense colors. Cloudy days and warm nights prevent some of the sugar accumulation in the leaves and results in less vibrant colors.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Weather during other parts of the growing season also can have an effect. Heavy rains in the early spring or hot, dry weather during the summer can both have a deleterious effect on fall color.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The length of time a tree maintains fall color also depends on weather. Reds, yellows and oranges are short-lived when trees undergo frosts and freezes.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>I always love the changing of the seasons, especially summer to fall. After the heat of the summer, the cool, crisp mornings and cooler days makes me happy. One of the first signs that I can tell that summer is on its way out is the first leaves on the cottonwood trees starting to turn yellow. The reds and oranges of the maples and oaks quickly follow suite. &nbsp;Although the New England states is the place to view the changing of the seasons, Kansas is no slouch. I found an article this week for you for the Horticulture Department about why trees change the colors they do and how you get the striking colors of fall.&nbsp;Part of the allure of fall foliage is color variation. There are trees that turn red, purple, yellow, orange and brown.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Specific plant pigments determine individual colors. Foliage derives its normal green color from chlorophyll, the substance that captures the energy of the sun. Other pigments produce fall colors. Reds and purples are caused by anthocyanins, yellows by xanthophylls, and oranges by a combination of carotenes and xanthophylls. Browns are the result of tannins present in the leaf. Most of these substances are present throughout the growing season but are masked by the green color produced by chlorophyll. Anthocyanins are the exception and are produced after the chlorophyll is destroyed in the fall.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; If you have ever seen pictures of New England in the fall, you have probably wondered why trees in Kansas usually do not color as well. This difference is partly because of the tree species prevalent in New England. Certain oaks and maples naturally produce good color. Coloring also is influenced by the weather.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Warm, sunny days and cool nights are ideal for good color. The sunny days encourage photosynthesis and, thus, sugar accumulation in the leaves. As fall progresses, each leaf develops an abscission layer at the base of the petiole, or leaf stem, that prevents these sugars from being transported down the trunk to the roots for storage. This high sugar content in the leaves produces more intense colors. Cloudy days and warm nights prevent some of the sugar accumulation in the leaves and results in less vibrant colors.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Weather during other parts of the growing season also can have an effect. Heavy rains in the early spring or hot, dry weather during the summer can both have a deleterious effect on fall color.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The length of time a tree maintains fall color also depends on weather. Reds, yellows and oranges are short-lived when trees undergo frosts and freezes.&nbsp;&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Enjoying the fall colors

Shopping for healthy foods has become more difficult than ever. As new products continue to hit the shelves, claims found on food packaging can be challenging to navigate. Many health buzzwords can make a person think that a certain food is better than another, but that’s not always the case. This is why it is always important to read food labels and ingredient lists.

No matter the branding, healthy foods are likely low in saturated fats, sodium, and added sugars. Saturated fats are okay in small amounts but too much can cause cholesterol to build up in your arteries. Sodium is hidden in most packaged foods, and it leads to high blood pressure. In fact, most Americans consume almost 150% above the recommended sodium daily intake, and to no surprise, more than 122 million Americans have high blood pressure. Sugar found in naturally occurring foods such as fruit and milk are good for your body. These naturally occurring sugars are included in the “Total Sugars” on a food label which you don’t need to fret about too much. On the other hand, “Added Sugars” are not natural, and you should keep an eye out for them. A few common examples are high fructose corn syrup, cane juice, and malt syrup.

No matter the marketing, understanding food labels will help you know if a product is truly a good option. Nonetheless, there are many terms out there that may confuse shoppers. Let’s take a look at a few:

Light: You may assume that a product labeled “light” has fewer calories, but it can actually refer to the flavor- not the nutrition content.

Made with real fruit: Manufacturers do not have to include the percentage of fruit included in an item. In fact, a product “made with real fruit” can have as little as 1% of real fruit.

Multigrain/ Wheat: Just because a product label includes “multigrain” or “wheat” does not mean that it is 100% whole grain. Whole grains include more fiber, are less processed, and keep you fuller for longer. Checking the ingredient list to ensure a product is not made with enriched flour and is 100% whole grain is worthwhile.

Superfoods: The “superfood” marketing scheme can be applied to any food that is nutrient-dense. Many superfood products claim to have cancer-fighting properties, but there is little scientific basis to confirm this. It is certainly true that a balanced diet full of unprocessed, vitamin-rich foods can reduce the risk of cancer, but it is unlikely that any single product will have this impact.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/6/1687379815245.png" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Shopping for healthy foods has become more difficult than ever. As new products continue to hit the shelves, claims found on food packaging can be challenging to navigate. Many health buzzwords can make a person think that a certain food is better than another, but that’s not always the case. This is why it is always important to read food labels and ingredient lists.No matter the branding, healthy foods are likely low in saturated fats, sodium, and added sugars. Saturated fats are okay in small amounts but too much can cause cholesterol to build up in your arteries. Sodium is hidden in most packaged foods, and it leads to high blood pressure. In fact, most Americans consume almost 150% above the recommended sodium daily intake, and to no surprise, more than 122 million Americans have high blood pressure. Sugar found in naturally occurring foods such as fruit and milk are good for your body. These naturally occurring sugars are included in the “Total Sugars” on a food label which you don’t need to fret about too much. On the other hand, “Added Sugars” are not natural, and you should keep an eye out for them. A few common examples are high fructose corn syrup, cane juice, and malt syrup.No matter the marketing, understanding food labels will help you know if a product is truly a good option. Nonetheless, there are many terms out there that may confuse shoppers. Let’s take a look at a few:Light: You may assume that a product labeled “light” has fewer calories, but it can actually refer to the flavor- not the nutrition content.Made with real fruit: Manufacturers do not have to include the percentage of fruit included in an item. In fact, a product “made with real fruit” can have as little as 1% of real fruit.Multigrain/ Wheat: Just because a product label includes “multigrain” or “wheat” does not mean that it is 100% whole grain. Whole grains include more fiber, are less processed, and keep you fuller for longer. Checking the ingredient list to ensure a product is not made with enriched flour and is 100% whole grain is worthwhile.Superfoods: The “superfood” marketing scheme can be applied to any food that is nutrient-dense. Many superfood products claim to have cancer-fighting properties, but there is little scientific basis to confirm this. It is certainly true that a balanced diet full of unprocessed, vitamin-rich foods can reduce the risk of cancer, but it is unlikely that any single product will have this impact.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: How to navigate healthy food marketing

By MIKE COURSON Great Bend Post

The drought across Kansas earlier this fall continues to have impacts into the fall. Farmers are well aware of the impacts of the dry conditions on their crops, but now city dwellers are seeing a side effect of the drought: grasshoppers. Cottonwood District Agriculture and Natural Resources Agent Alicia Boor explained why there are so many of the insects this year.

"Grasshoppers are really influenced by the dry weather," she said. "It increases their egg survivability. They'll eat anything, but the increase in broadleaf weeds has really helped them grow up and be much more prosperous."

Boor said with the size the grasshoppers are now, they are also migratory. That makes them difficult to control in town.

"Unless they are absolutely terrorizing an area, the recommendation is to wait them out," she said. "You spraying your yard is basically helping your neighbor out. The only way to really control them is to get your neighbor to spray for them, then they would not be in your yard."

With a lack of forage this late in the year, Boor said the insects may find their way to young alfalfa and wheat fields that are green and luscious. Producers should scout their fields for damage, and if the fields are large enough, consider spraying for the pests.

Crickets are also on the move heading into the cold months. Boor said they are more of a nuisance than a threat.

"They're not biters, they're not going to attack you, they're really not going to eat much of anything," she said. "They're just trying to come inside because they know it's going to get cold. That's why you're seeing so many of those."

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/6/1624552635915.jpg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By MIKE COURSON Great Bend PostThe drought across Kansas earlier this fall continues to have impacts into the fall. Farmers are well aware of the impacts of the dry conditions on their crops, but now city dwellers are seeing a side effect of the drought: grasshoppers. Cottonwood District Agriculture and Natural Resources Agent Alicia Boor explained why there are so many of the insects this year."Grasshoppers are really influenced by the dry weather," she said. "It increases their egg survivability. They'll eat anything, but the increase in broadleaf weeds has really helped them grow up and be much more prosperous."Boor said with the size the grasshoppers are now, they are also migratory. That makes them difficult to control in town."Unless they are absolutely terrorizing an area, the recommendation is to wait them out," she said. "You spraying your yard is basically helping your neighbor out. The only way to really control them is to get your neighbor to spray for them, then they would not be in your yard."With a lack of forage this late in the year, Boor said the insects may find their way to young alfalfa and wheat fields that are green and luscious. Producers should scout their fields for damage, and if the fields are large enough, consider spraying for the pests.Crickets are also on the move heading into the cold months. Boor said they are more of a nuisance than a threat."They're not biters, they're not going to attack you, they're really not going to eat much of anything," she said. "They're just trying to come inside because they know it's going to get cold. That's why you're seeing so many of those."

Drought conditions resulting in more grasshoppers around Barton Co.

In the past two years, pasture productivity has been reduced, and forage supplies have been greatly reduced due to dry weather. In 2022, conditions tended to be worse in western KS, and in 2023, eastern KS suffered drought. Some regions of the state have had two years of very dry conditions. Even in normal years, filling the forage need outside of summer grazing can be a challenge. This challenge is even greater when summer pasture productivity is reduced, and forage supplies are low. Small grain forages planted in the fall or spring can provide a profitable forage option for producers. Cool season forages, especially in the vegetative stage, are high in crude protein and energy. Forages can be terminated in early spring, allowing time to plant a summer row crop if soil moisture is adequate.

Fall grazing management is critical to the success of small grain pastures. Begin grazing when the plants are well rooted and tillered, usually about 6 to 8 weeks after planting. If the foliage is too tall when the animals are introduced, or if the crop is over­grazed, the plants will be more susceptible to winterkill. Make sure some green leaves remain below the grazing level. The minimum stubble height should be about 3 to 4 inches. Rye has a more upright growth pattern than most wheat varieties, so it should not be grazed as low. Winter barley is more susceptible to winterkill than rye or wheat. However, newer varieties of barley are exhibiting increased winter hardiness.

Overall forage quality of hay, barley is the highest, followed by oats, wheat, triticale, and rye. Yet, the forage quality of all small grains in the vegetative stage is more than sufficient for any grazing animal. During the fall and early spring periods of peak production, the crude protein content of small grain pasture is nor­mally about 20-25 percent. Growing cattle requires about 12 percent crude protein; thus, no protein supplements are necessary.

Small grain pastures can cause bloat. Daily supplementation with poloxalene (Bloat Guard) is highly effective in reducing bloat and is available in many different feeding forms. Feeding high-quality grass hay, silage, and/or an ionophore such as Rumensin or Bovatec can also protect against bloat. Rumensin and Bovatec have also been shown to increase stocker cattle weight gains on wheat pasture.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>In the past two years, pasture productivity has been reduced, and forage supplies have been greatly reduced due to dry weather. In 2022, conditions tended to be worse in western KS, and in 2023, eastern KS suffered drought. Some regions of the state have had two years of very dry conditions. Even in normal years, filling the forage need outside of summer grazing can be a challenge. This challenge is even greater when summer pasture productivity is reduced, and forage supplies are low. Small grain forages planted in the fall or spring can provide a profitable forage option for producers. Cool season forages, especially in the vegetative stage, are high in crude protein and energy. Forages can be terminated in early spring, allowing time to plant a summer row crop if soil moisture is adequate.Fall grazing management is critical to the success of small grain pastures. Begin grazing when the plants are well rooted and tillered, usually about 6 to 8 weeks after planting. If the foliage is too tall when the animals are introduced, or if the crop is over­grazed, the plants will be more susceptible to winterkill. Make sure some green leaves remain below the grazing level. The minimum stubble height should be about 3 to 4 inches. Rye has a more upright growth pattern than most wheat varieties, so it should not be grazed as low. Winter barley is more susceptible to winterkill than rye or wheat. However, newer varieties of barley are exhibiting increased winter hardiness.Overall forage quality of hay, barley is the highest, followed by oats, wheat, triticale, and rye. Yet, the forage quality of all small grains in the vegetative stage is more than sufficient for any grazing animal. During the fall and early spring periods of peak production, the crude protein content of small grain pasture is nor­mally about 20-25 percent. Growing cattle requires about 12 percent crude protein; thus, no protein supplements are necessary.Small grain pastures can cause bloat. Daily supplementation with poloxalene (Bloat Guard) is highly effective in reducing bloat and is available in many different feeding forms. Feeding high-quality grass hay, silage, and/or an ionophore such as Rumensin or Bovatec can also protect against bloat. Rumensin and Bovatec have also been shown to increase stocker cattle weight gains on wheat pasture.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Fall grazing for success of small grain pastures

As the calendar turns over to October it reminds me of Breast Cancer Awareness month and cooler weather! It is very likely that you or someone you know has been affected by breast cancer. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in the United States breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women after skin cancer. Cancer is also one of the leading causes of death in the United States, ranking second only after heart disease. One in every four deaths is due to cancer. While there are a lot of risks for cancer that are outside of our control, such as our genetics, gender, and age, there are many lifestyle choices we can make to reduce risk.

First, achieve and maintain a healthy weight. I know! Easier said than done. This is especially important as we get older. Two other choices that can help lower risk for breast cancer, as well as achieve a healthy weight, is to eat a diet rich in whole foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and get plenty of exercise. Avoiding alcohol or consuming one drink or less per day will also lower your risk of breast cancer. Sometimes making healthy choices can seem overwhelming, especially when life gets stressful. Start small and build on what you are able to accomplish. Perhaps just pick one thing you would like to change and work on that for a few weeks or months.

While breast cancer risk increases as we age and those over age 50 are at increased risk, there are some things that younger women can do in addition to healthy lifestyle choices listed above. Having children and breastfeeding can help protect yourself from breast cancer. When women are pregnant and breastfeeding their hormone levels are different which can reduce risk of breast cancer later on in life. There is a dose response effect as well, the longer you breastfeed, the lower your risk of breast cancer. This may be a real motivation for some women to breastfeed their children or maybe the motivation to keep going when the baby wakes up again in the middle of the night. Remembering that there are benefits for you, mom, may help you stay strong and not give up.

Here at the Cottonwood Extension District we want to give you the education and tools to help you lead a better, healthier life. We have resources and tools to share with you. We are your partner to a healthier lifestyle.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>As the calendar turns over to October it reminds me of Breast Cancer Awareness month and cooler weather! It is very likely that you or someone you know has been affected by breast cancer. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in the United States breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women after skin cancer. Cancer is also one of the leading causes of death in the United States, ranking second only after heart disease. One in every four deaths is due to cancer. While there are a lot of risks for cancer that are outside of our control, such as our genetics, gender, and age, there are many lifestyle choices we can make to reduce risk.First, achieve and maintain a healthy weight. I know! Easier said than done. This is especially important as we get older. Two other choices that can help lower risk for breast cancer, as well as achieve a healthy weight, is to eat a diet rich in whole foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and get plenty of exercise. Avoiding alcohol or consuming one drink or less per day will also lower your risk of breast cancer. Sometimes making healthy choices can seem overwhelming, especially when life gets stressful. Start small and build on what you are able to accomplish. Perhaps just pick one thing you would like to change and work on that for a few weeks or months.While breast cancer risk increases as we age and those over age 50 are at increased risk, there are some things that younger women can do in addition to healthy lifestyle choices listed above. Having children and breastfeeding can help protect yourself from breast cancer. When women are pregnant and breastfeeding their hormone levels are different which can reduce risk of breast cancer later on in life. There is a dose response effect as well, the longer you breastfeed, the lower your risk of breast cancer. This may be a real motivation for some women to breastfeed their children or maybe the motivation to keep going when the baby wakes up again in the middle of the night. Remembering that there are benefits for you, mom, may help you stay strong and not give up.Here at the Cottonwood Extension District we want to give you the education and tools to help you lead a better, healthier life. We have resources and tools to share with you. We are your partner to a healthier lifestyle.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: Breast cancer - lower your risk

It is well understood that weather patterns can have a significant impact on grasshopper populations year to year. Warm, dry weather increases the survival of nymphs and adult grasshoppers, leading to increased egg production during the growing season, while cool, wet weather promotes fungal pathogens that can reduce egg and nymph survival. Another factor influencing grasshopper populations is an abundance of food, especially broadleaf weeds. A diet high in these forbs leads to greater nymph survival, faster growth, larger adult grasshoppers, and increased egg production. The abundance of weeds therefore can likely contribute to the noticeable number and diversity of grasshoppers currently being observed. As these weedy sources of food are exhausted or controlled, grasshoppers may shift their grazing over to anything still growing in the landscape. In areas with greater grasshopper pressure, seedling alfalfa and wheat could be at risk.

Before planting alfalfa, treatment should be considered if there are 15 or more grasshoppers per square yard around the planting area. Once planted and growing, consider treatment if 3-5 grasshoppers per square yard are found in the seedling alfalfa stand.

Vegetated borders around areas where wheat will be planted should be scouted ten days before planting. Consider treating those borders if there are 7 to 12 grasshoppers per square yard. Once growing, three or more grasshoppers per square yard within the field can destroy seedling wheat stands. If grasshopper populations are low to moderate, seed treatments can protect emerging wheat plants for several weeks if products are applied at the highest registered rate. Seed treatments will be less effective under severe grasshopper pressure. Avoid planting too early, as this will help reduce the time that wheat must be protected.

Please refer to the most recent Alfalfa and Wheat Insect Management Guides for specific control information. Simply type into your internet browser Alfalfa Insect Management Guide KSU or Wheat Insect Management Guide KSU.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>It is well understood that weather patterns can have a significant impact on grasshopper populations year to year. Warm, dry weather increases the survival of nymphs and adult grasshoppers, leading to increased egg production during the growing season, while cool, wet weather promotes fungal pathogens that can reduce egg and nymph survival. Another factor influencing grasshopper populations is an abundance of food, especially broadleaf weeds. A diet high in these forbs leads to greater nymph survival, faster growth, larger adult grasshoppers, and increased egg production. The abundance of weeds therefore can likely contribute to the noticeable number and diversity of grasshoppers currently being observed. As these weedy sources of food are exhausted or controlled, grasshoppers may shift their grazing over to anything still growing in the landscape. In areas with greater grasshopper pressure, seedling alfalfa and wheat could be at risk.Before planting alfalfa, treatment should be considered if there are 15 or more grasshoppers per square yard around the planting area. Once planted and growing, consider treatment if 3-5 grasshoppers per square yard are found in the seedling alfalfa stand.Vegetated borders around areas where wheat will be planted should be scouted ten days before planting. Consider treating those borders if there are 7 to 12 grasshoppers per square yard. Once growing, three or more grasshoppers per square yard within the field can destroy seedling wheat stands. If grasshopper populations are low to moderate, seed treatments can protect emerging wheat plants for several weeks if products are applied at the highest registered rate. Seed treatments will be less effective under severe grasshopper pressure. Avoid planting too early, as this will help reduce the time that wheat must be protected.Please refer to the most recent Alfalfa and Wheat Insect Management Guides for specific control information. Simply type into your internet browser Alfalfa Insect Management Guide KSU or Wheat Insect Management Guide KSU.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Grasshoppers are abundant in many areas of Kansas

Cool fall days are in our future, which means we will start spending more time indoors. This change will increase our exposure to bacteria and viruses that can lead to illness. The good news is that if we are aware of our habits, we can help prevent getting sick!

One key habit is proper handwashing, and it reduces respiratory illnesses, like colds, in the general population by 16-21%. There are promising results from handwashing, and if we teach children good hand- hygiene, we can further reduce the spread of disease! Here are a few simple tips to share with your kids:

1. Wash your hands multiple times throughout the day. This includes before and after eating, after using the restroom, and after blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing.

2. Wash your hands for at least 20 seconds. Hum “Happy Birthday” twice through to make sure you scrub long enough.

3. Lather with soap and water. Soap is a detergent that removes bacteria and dirt when it is lathered, so using enough soap is key in removing germs.

4. Scrub every part of your hand. If you don’t think about it, it is easy to miss the tops of your hands, under your nails, and between your fingers. Bacteria will build up if you don’t reach every part!

5. In public places, there are many objects that are in constant use such as door handles and water fountains. Using your paper towel to access these areas after you’ve washed can help to reduce exposure to germs.

6. At home, change out cloth hand towels often to limit the build-up of dirt and bacteria. This will keep your hands clean for longer!

7. Consider hanging small posters above sinks to remind kids of proper handwashing techniques.

Staying healthy throughout the fall is challenging, so get a head start with proper handwashing to reduce your family’s risk of getting sick.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/6/1687379815245.png" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Cool fall days are in our future, which means we will start spending more time indoors. This change will increase our exposure to bacteria and viruses that can lead to illness. The good news is that if we are aware of our habits, we can help prevent getting sick!One key habit is proper handwashing, and it reduces respiratory illnesses, like colds, in the general population by 16-21%. There are promising results from handwashing, and if we teach children good hand- hygiene, we can further reduce the spread of disease! Here are a few simple tips to share with your kids:1. Wash your hands multiple times throughout the day. This includes before and after eating, after using the restroom, and after blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing.2. Wash your hands for at least 20 seconds. Hum “Happy Birthday” twice through to make sure you scrub long enough.3. Lather with soap and water. Soap is a detergent that removes bacteria and dirt when it is lathered, so using enough soap is key in removing germs.4. Scrub every part of your hand. If you don’t think about it, it is easy to miss the tops of your hands, under your nails, and between your fingers. Bacteria will build up if you don’t reach every part!5. In public places, there are many objects that are in constant use such as door handles and water fountains. Using your paper towel to access these areas after you’ve washed can help to reduce exposure to germs.6. At home, change out cloth hand towels often to limit the build-up of dirt and bacteria. This will keep your hands clean for longer!7. Consider hanging small posters above sinks to remind kids of proper handwashing techniques.Staying healthy throughout the fall is challenging, so get a head start with proper handwashing to reduce your family’s risk of getting sick.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: Healthy family habits - hand washing

October 1-7 is an exciting time as 4-H families across the nation celebrate National 4-H Week! According to the National 4-H website, 4-H was established as Youth Clubs in 1902 with agricultural after-school clubs focused on particular ag products such as tomatoes or corn. The passage of the Smith-Lever Act in 1914 created the Cooperative Extension System at USDA and nationalized 4-H. By 1914, 4-H Clubs were formed and the clover emblem was adopted. The Cooperative Extension System is a partnership of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture within the USDA, more than 100 land-grant universities and more than 3000 county offices across the nation, including all 105 counties in Kansas. Cooperative Extension combines the expertise and resources of federal, state, and local governments to meet the need for research, knowledge, and educational programs. In 4-H, we believe in the power of young people. We see that every child has valuable strengths and real influence to improve the world around us.

On September 26, I was joined by 4-H Ambassador, Ailey Williams, to address the Barton County Commission. We were delighted with Proclamation 2023-13 which states, in part, “4-H, as delivered by Cooperative Extension – a community of more than 100 public universities across the nation that provides experiences where young people have taken on critical societal issues, such as addressing community health inequities, engaging in civil discourse, and advocating for equity and inclusion for all; and whereas, National 4-H Week showcases the incredible experiences that 4-H offers young people, and highlights the remarkable 4-H youth in Kansas and throughout America who work each day to make a positive impact on those around them. Now, therefore, be it proclaimed by the Board of County Commissioners of Barton County, Kansas, that October 1-7, 2023 is hereby known as National 4-H Week throughout Barton County; and further, that the Commission recognizes the importance of using the Head, Heart, Hands, and Health, the four core values of the 4-H mission, to make the best better….”

If you know of a young person who would benefit from the opportunities of 4-H, enrollment for the new year began October 1! The Cottonwood Extension District offers eight community clubs in Barton County and over 40 project areas from Art

to Woodworking for youth to explore, learn, and grow. More information can be found at our website cottonwood.k-state.edu or by calling one of our offices.

If you happen to be in our Ellis County area, 4-H members will have several displays around the county!

Community service and citizenship are hallmarks of the 4-H program! 48Hrs of 4-H is a state-wide service challenge. Cottonwood-Barton 4-H families will meet at the 4-H Educational Buildings on Sunday, Oct. 8 to clean up and work on a variety of projects. Previous projects have included clean up at Great Bend-Brit Spaugh Zoo and the making cookies for county-wide emergency service personnel. Many individual clubs will take on separate projects in their town. Teaching youth the value of giving back to their communities helps all communities be stronger and to develop the leaders needed to not just survive but to thrive!

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910. Kansas State University is committed to making its services, activities and programs accessible to all participants. If you have special requirements due to a physical, vision, or hearing disability.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>October 1-7 is an exciting time as 4-H families across the nation celebrate National 4-H Week! According to the National 4-H website, 4-H was established as Youth Clubs in 1902 with agricultural after-school clubs focused on particular ag products such as tomatoes or corn. The passage of the Smith-Lever Act in 1914 created the Cooperative Extension System at USDA and nationalized 4-H. By 1914, 4-H Clubs were formed and the clover emblem was adopted. The Cooperative Extension System is a partnership of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture within the USDA, more than 100 land-grant universities and more than 3000 county offices across the nation, including all 105 counties in Kansas. Cooperative Extension combines the expertise and resources of federal, state, and local governments to meet the need for research, knowledge, and educational programs. In 4-H, we believe in the power of young people. We see that every child has valuable strengths and real influence to improve the world around us.On September 26, I was joined by 4-H Ambassador, Ailey Williams, to address the Barton County Commission. We were delighted with Proclamation 2023-13 which states, in part, “4-H, as delivered by Cooperative Extension – a community of more than 100 public universities across the nation that provides experiences where young people have taken on critical societal issues, such as addressing community health inequities, engaging in civil discourse, and advocating for equity and inclusion for all; and whereas, National 4-H Week showcases the incredible experiences that 4-H offers young people, and highlights the remarkable 4-H youth in Kansas and throughout America who work each day to make a positive impact on those around them. Now, therefore, be it proclaimed by the Board of County Commissioners of Barton County, Kansas, that October 1-7, 2023 is hereby known as National 4-H Week throughout Barton County; and further, that the Commission recognizes the importance of using the Head, Heart, Hands, and Health, the four core values of the 4-H mission, to make the best better….”If you know of a young person who would benefit from the opportunities of 4-H, enrollment for the new year began October 1! The Cottonwood Extension District offers eight community clubs in Barton County and over 40 project areas from Artto Woodworking for youth to explore, learn, and grow. More information can be found at our website cottonwood.k-state.edu or by calling one of our offices.If you happen to be in our Ellis County area, 4-H members will have several displays around the county!Community service and citizenship are hallmarks of the 4-H program! 48Hrs of 4-H is a state-wide service challenge. Cottonwood-Barton 4-H families will meet at the 4-H Educational Buildings on Sunday, Oct. 8 to clean up and work on a variety of projects. Previous projects have included clean up at Great Bend-Brit Spaugh Zoo and the making cookies for county-wide emergency service personnel. Many individual clubs will take on separate projects in their town. Teaching youth the value of giving back to their communities helps all communities be stronger and to develop the leaders needed to not just survive but to thrive!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910. Kansas State University is committed to making its services, activities and programs accessible to all participants. If you have special requirements due to a physical, vision, or hearing disability.

BERAN: 4-H enrollment time

On Oct. 11, K-State Research and Extension will be hosting a program by Wildlife Specialist Drew Ricketts starting at 06:00 pm. The meeting will be held at Cheyenne Bottoms Wetlands Center located at 592 NE K 156 Hwy, Great Bend. &nbsp;During his program, he will discuss coyote biology, helping people to better understand their movements, vocalizations, and diet among other topics.&nbsp;He will also discuss tips and methods on trapping and calling coyotes including the proper use of mouth and electronic calls. A light meal will be served and is sponsored by P &amp; S Electric of Great Bend. Space is limited to 70 people. &nbsp;If you enjoy the outdoors, or more specifically enjoy hunting coyotes, don’t miss out on this event!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>On Oct. 11, K-State Research and Extension will be hosting a program by Wildlife Specialist Drew Ricketts starting at 06:00 pm. The meeting will be held at Cheyenne Bottoms Wetlands Center located at 592 NE K 156 Hwy, Great Bend. &nbsp;During his program, he will discuss coyote biology, helping people to better understand their movements, vocalizations, and diet among other topics.&nbsp;He will also discuss tips and methods on trapping and calling coyotes including the proper use of mouth and electronic calls. A light meal will be served and is sponsored by P &amp; S Electric of Great Bend. Space is limited to 70 people. &nbsp;If you enjoy the outdoors, or more specifically enjoy hunting coyotes, don’t miss out on this event!Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Coyote program scheduled for Barton County

September is National Food Safety Education month. Every year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 1 in 6 people get sick, 128,000 are hospitalized and 3,000 die from eating contaminated food. Getting sick is never fun and is usually quite an inconvenience. What can you do at home to help prevent getting sick? The Partnership for Food Safety Education breaks it down into four easy steps: Clean, Separate, Cook, and Chill.

The first step is clean. Wash hands and surfaces often. We have heard it so many times but washing hands really does cut down on all types of illnesses including foodborne illnesses. Keep counter tops and other kitchen surfaces clean. How often do you clean out your refrigerator? Yep, that needs to be cleaned regularly also! After wiping the dirt off countertops, surfaces should be sanitized with a solution of one tablespoon bleach and one gallon of water. Cutting boards should also be washed in between preparing each food. Also remember to wash your produce under running water before eating or peeling them to prevent the spread of bacteria.

Step two is to separate. Be careful not to cross-contaminate. Separate raw meat, poultry, seafood and eggs from other foods in your grocery cart, grocery bags, and refrigerator. Use different cutting boards and utensils for each type of food and never place cooked food on a plate that had raw meat on it. If you marinate foods be sure and boil the marinade before using it on cooked foods.

Step three is to cook meats to an internal temperature of at least 145 degrees and 160 degrees for ground meat where contamination is more likely. Poultry should be cooked to 165 degrees. Color is not a reliable indicator. Use a food thermometer that has been properly calibrated. Check the thickest part of the meat. Raw eggs can be a source of contamination. When using a microwave to heat up foods again use your food thermometer to check the temperature.

Finally, step four is to chill leftovers quickly as possible to prevent the growth of bacteria. Keep the refrigerator at 40 degrees or less. Do not let foods set at room temperature for more than two hours. Do not thaw food at room temperature. To thaw foods, use one of three methods: in the refrigerator, in cold water, or in the microwave. Cook food immediately when defrosting in water or the microwave.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>September is National Food Safety Education month. Every year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 1 in 6 people get sick, 128,000 are hospitalized and 3,000 die from eating contaminated food. Getting sick is never fun and is usually quite an inconvenience. What can you do at home to help prevent getting sick? The Partnership for Food Safety Education breaks it down into four easy steps: Clean, Separate, Cook, and Chill.The first step is clean. Wash hands and surfaces often. We have heard it so many times but washing hands really does cut down on all types of illnesses including foodborne illnesses. Keep counter tops and other kitchen surfaces clean. How often do you clean out your refrigerator? Yep, that needs to be cleaned regularly also! After wiping the dirt off countertops, surfaces should be sanitized with a solution of one tablespoon bleach and one gallon of water. Cutting boards should also be washed in between preparing each food. Also remember to wash your produce under running water before eating or peeling them to prevent the spread of bacteria.Step two is to separate. Be careful not to cross-contaminate. Separate raw meat, poultry, seafood and eggs from other foods in your grocery cart, grocery bags, and refrigerator. Use different cutting boards and utensils for each type of food and never place cooked food on a plate that had raw meat on it. If you marinate foods be sure and boil the marinade before using it on cooked foods.Step three is to cook meats to an internal temperature of at least 145 degrees and 160 degrees for ground meat where contamination is more likely. Poultry should be cooked to 165 degrees. Color is not a reliable indicator. Use a food thermometer that has been properly calibrated. Check the thickest part of the meat. Raw eggs can be a source of contamination. When using a microwave to heat up foods again use your food thermometer to check the temperature.Finally, step four is to chill leftovers quickly as possible to prevent the growth of bacteria. Keep the refrigerator at 40 degrees or less. Do not let foods set at room temperature for more than two hours. Do not thaw food at room temperature. To thaw foods, use one of three methods: in the refrigerator, in cold water, or in the microwave. Cook food immediately when defrosting in water or the microwave.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: National Food Safety Education Month

Most activities have an off-season. 4-H is no different with the brunt of activities coming to a close earlier this month. National 4-H Week is celebrated the first October of each month, and Cottonwood Extension District 4-H Youth Development Agent Michelle Beran, and 4-H Ambassador Ailey Williams attended Tuesday's Barton County Commission meeting to bring the proclamation home. Beran explained the impact of local 4-H clubs to the commission.

"We just finished the Kansas State Fair, which means the 4-H year is ending and the new 4-H year begins Oct. 1," she said. "In Barton County, we have eight community clubs with nearly 150 4-H members. Kansas 4-H offers over 40 projects, and within each of those projects are included communication, leadership, citizenship, and career options."

Williams, a student at Great Bend High School, was one of five local 4-H members to attend Discovery Days at Kansas State University in June. The event gave members the opportunity to experience college by eating and staying in the dorms, attending classes, and navigating a large university. Williams said she took the opportunity to learn more about business and marketing.

"Some of my favorite project areas I do are foods and arts, mainly foods because that's what I want to do as a career," she said. "That's how I figured out what I want do to through 4-H."

A volunteer was needed for Agriland at the Kansas State Fair. Local 4-H clubs were also contacted by the Kansas Beef Council, and Williams spent four hours as a volunteer in Hutchinson. She and another high school 4-H member also served as co-superintendents of visual arts for the fair, overseeing some 300 entries.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/9/1695741056954.jpeg" alt="Cottonwood Extension District 4-H Youth Development Agent Michelle Beran and 4-H Ambassador Ailey Williams spoke at Tuesday's Barton County Commission meeting as part of proclaiming Oct. 1-7 as National 4-H Week." />
 <figcaption>Cottonwood Extension District 4-H Youth Development Agent Michelle Beran and 4-H Ambassador Ailey Williams spoke at Tuesday's Barton County Commission meeting as part of proclaiming Oct. 1-7 as National 4-H Week.</figcaption>
 </figure>By MIKE COURSON Great Bend PostMost activities have an off-season. 4-H is no different with the brunt of activities coming to a close earlier this month. National 4-H Week is celebrated the first October of each month, and Cottonwood Extension District 4-H Youth Development Agent Michelle Beran, and 4-H Ambassador Ailey Williams attended Tuesday's Barton County Commission meeting to bring the proclamation home. Beran explained the impact of local 4-H clubs to the commission."We just finished the Kansas State Fair, which means the 4-H year is ending and the new 4-H year begins Oct. 1," she said. "In Barton County, we have eight community clubs with nearly 150 4-H members. Kansas 4-H offers over 40 projects, and within each of those projects are included communication, leadership, citizenship, and career options."Williams, a student at Great Bend High School, was one of five local 4-H members to attend Discovery Days at Kansas State University in June. The event gave members the opportunity to experience college by eating and staying in the dorms, attending classes, and navigating a large university. Williams said she took the opportunity to learn more about business and marketing."Some of my favorite project areas I do are foods and arts, mainly foods because that's what I want to do as a career," she said. "That's how I figured out what I want do to through 4-H."A volunteer was needed for Agriland at the Kansas State Fair. Local 4-H clubs were also contacted by the Kansas Beef Council, and Williams spent four hours as a volunteer in Hutchinson. She and another high school 4-H member also served as co-superintendents of visual arts for the fair, overseeing some 300 entries.

Barton Commission proclaims Oct. 1-7 as National 4-H Week

The Commission meeting will be live-streamed through Microsoft Teams. Citizens may view the meeting through their own sign in or by signing in “anonymously”. Please follow this link: https://bit.ly/3nZpjaF. If you wish to participate in the discussion of any item, please call (620) 793-1800 for instructions.

BOARD OF BARTON COUNTY COMMISSIONERS Agenda Meeting Sept. 26 9 a.m. Until Close 1500 Kansas Avenue, Great Bend

I. OPENING BUSINESS: &nbsp; &nbsp;A. Call Meeting to Order. &nbsp; &nbsp;B. Recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance. &nbsp; &nbsp;C. Consider Approval of the Agenda. &nbsp; &nbsp;D. Consider the minutes of the September 19, 2023, Regular Meeting. &nbsp; &nbsp;E. Any citizen wishing to make statements during the discussion of any item must first be recognized by the Commission Chair. After being recognized, that person should state their name and the name of any organization represented. Statements should be limited to five minutes. &nbsp; &nbsp;F. Please silence all phones and electronic devices. Recording the meeting is allowed and the Commission requests that anyone using special recording equipment be seated in the back row to avoid creating a distraction during the meeting.

II. APPROVAL OF APPROPRIATIONS: &nbsp; &nbsp;-Bev Schmeidler, County Clerk, will present details. An Accounts Payable Register will be submitted to the Commission for the period of September 12, 2023, and ending September 26, 2023.

III. OLD BUSINESS - Items tabled, or scheduled, from previous Commission Meetings, will be heard at this time. &nbsp; &nbsp;-There is no Old Business at this time.

IV. NEW BUSINESS - All new business to be considered by the Commission will be heard at this time.

&nbsp; &nbsp;A. COUNTY CLERK’S OFFICE: Request for Approval – Added / Abated / Escaped / Refunded Taxes: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -Ms. Schmeidler will present a listing of Added / Abated / Escaped / Refunded Taxes. Orders for these actions are kept on file in the County Clerk’s Office. These are used to correct assessments and are requested by the County Appraiser’s Office or the County Clerk’s Office.

&nbsp; &nbsp;B. PROCLAMATION 2023-13: National 4-H Week: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -Michelle Beran, Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County, will be joined by area youth in presenting the proposed Proclamation. 4-H, as delivered by area Cooperative Extension agencies, has helped thousands of youth become true leaders, entrepreneurs and visionaries. By declaring October 1 – 7, 2023, as National 4-H Week, the Commission recognizes the importance of using the Head, Heart, Hands and Health, the four core values of the 4-H mission, to make the best better.

&nbsp; &nbsp;C. COMMISSION: Employee Engagement Committee: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -Commissioner Donna Zimmerman will provide details. It is the intent of the Commission to establish and annually fund an Employee Engagement Committee (EEC). In an effort to move forward with the EEC, the Commission solicited members. At this time, membership will be considered. Appointment period to end December 31, 2024, with the initial EEC members charged with the development of bylaws, short- and long-term goals, project development and to create and host a holiday event for all employees.

&nbsp; &nbsp;D. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: 2023 Server Upgrade Project: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -Dereck Hollingshead, Information Technology Director, will present details. On August 31, 2023, the Information Technology Department released the 2023 Server Upgrade Project Request for Proposal (RFP). The department sought pricing for hardware and software to upgrade two (2) servers. The hardware and software to upgrade these two (2) servers will allow Barton County Information Technology to replace a minimum of seven (7) servers. Two vendors submitted bids. It is noted that the Ellinwood and Great Bend Police Departments will reimburse the County for a portion of the cost and that there will be additional software costs.

&nbsp; &nbsp;E. JUVENILE SERVICES: Request for Proposal – Juvenile Services Fleet Insurance: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -Marissa Woodmansee, Juvenile Services Director, will present details. Juvenile Services released a Request for Proposal (RFP) for fleet insurance with a September 15, 2023, deadline. The RFP called for coverage for four (4) vehicles and 21 staff members, traveling in a five-County area transporting youth and families, as well as other business travel. Two bids were received.\

&nbsp; &nbsp;F. DISTRICT CORONER: Appointment of Special Deputy Coroners: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -Matt Patzner, County Administrator, will provide details. Dr. Patrick Stiles was re-appointed as District Coroner effective January 1, 2023. At the recommendation of Ellsworth County, Dr. Stiles requests that Nathaniel Florian be appointed as a Special Deputy Coroner.

&nbsp; &nbsp;G. EXECUTIVE SESSION: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -Chairman Shawn Hutchinson will present. Any Commissioner may make a motion for the board to recess to executive session at this time as allowed by K.S.A. 75-4319. Any motion must contain the justification for the executive session, the subject matter to be discussed, any individuals in addition to the board who will attend the executive session and the time at which the regular session shall resume.

V. ENDING BUSINESS – After new items are heard by the Commission, the following items, including announcements, will be heard.

&nbsp; &nbsp;A. ANNOUNCEMENTS: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -Following the close of the Agenda Meeting, the Commission will consider the authorization of personnel changes for classified positions, sign any documentation approved during the agenda meeting or sign any other documentation required for regular County business. Similar action may take place throughout the day. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -County officials, individually or in groups, may visit the Courthouse or those buildings being used for displaced Courthouse offices during the HVAC improvement project. With the Courthouse located at 1400 Main, other buildings being used for housing are 1520 Main and 1709 Main, Great Bend, Kansas.

&nbsp; &nbsp;B. APPOINTMENTS: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -Although subject to change, the following appointments have been scheduled:

&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 9:45 a.m. or following the close of the Agenda Meeting – Insurance Review – Freedom Claims with Matt Patzner, County Administrator, and Brenda Kaiser, Human Resource Director.

&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 11:00 a.m. – Year End-Outcomes and Program Update – Amy Boxberger, CKCC Director.

&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 11:30 a.m. – Conditional Use Permit – Communications Tower – Judy Goreham, Environmental Manager.

&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1:30 p.m. – Program Update – Barry McManaman, County Engineer.

&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2:00 p.m. – Update on Transmission Repair – Jennifer Hamby, Solid Waste Director.

&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2:15 p.m. – Regular Business Discussion – Matt Patzner, County Administrator.

THE COUNTY EDITION, KVGB-AM – Thursdays at 11:05 a.m. Members of the Juvenile Services office are scheduled for September 28, 2023.

VI. OTHER BUSINESS: &nbsp; &nbsp;A. Discussion Items. &nbsp; &nbsp;B. Citizens or organizations may present requests or proposals for initial consideration. &nbsp; &nbsp;C. The Commissioners are available to the public on Tuesdays during regular business hours. &nbsp; &nbsp;D. One or more Commissioners may be present in the Commission Chambers conducting county business throughout the day on Tuesdays. &nbsp; &nbsp;E. The Commissioners may, individually, schedule personal appointments related to County business at their discretion. &nbsp; &nbsp;F. The next Regular Meeting will be at 9:00 a.m., Tuesday, October 3, 2023.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/8/1693230488223.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>The Commission meeting will be live-streamed through Microsoft Teams. Citizens may view the meeting through their own sign in or by signing in “anonymously”. Please follow this link: https://bit.ly/3nZpjaF. If you wish to participate in the discussion of any item, please call (620) 793-1800 for instructions.BOARD OF BARTON COUNTY COMMISSIONERS Agenda Meeting Sept. 26 9 a.m. Until Close 1500 Kansas Avenue, Great BendI. OPENING BUSINESS: &nbsp; &nbsp;A. Call Meeting to Order. &nbsp; &nbsp;B. Recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance. &nbsp; &nbsp;C. Consider Approval of the Agenda. &nbsp; &nbsp;D. Consider the minutes of the September 19, 2023, Regular Meeting. &nbsp; &nbsp;E. Any citizen wishing to make statements during the discussion of any item must first be recognized by the Commission Chair. After being recognized, that person should state their name and the name of any organization represented. Statements should be limited to five minutes. &nbsp; &nbsp;F. Please silence all phones and electronic devices. Recording the meeting is allowed and the Commission requests that anyone using special recording equipment be seated in the back row to avoid creating a distraction during the meeting.II. APPROVAL OF APPROPRIATIONS: &nbsp; &nbsp;-Bev Schmeidler, County Clerk, will present details. An Accounts Payable Register will be submitted to the Commission for the period of September 12, 2023, and ending September 26, 2023.III. OLD BUSINESS - Items tabled, or scheduled, from previous Commission Meetings, will be heard at this time. &nbsp; &nbsp;-There is no Old Business at this time.IV. NEW BUSINESS - All new business to be considered by the Commission will be heard at this time.&nbsp; &nbsp;A. COUNTY CLERK’S OFFICE: Request for Approval – Added / Abated / Escaped / Refunded Taxes: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -Ms. Schmeidler will present a listing of Added / Abated / Escaped / Refunded Taxes. Orders for these actions are kept on file in the County Clerk’s Office. These are used to correct assessments and are requested by the County Appraiser’s Office or the County Clerk’s Office.&nbsp; &nbsp;B. PROCLAMATION 2023-13: National 4-H Week: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -Michelle Beran, Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County, will be joined by area youth in presenting the proposed Proclamation. 4-H, as delivered by area Cooperative Extension agencies, has helped thousands of youth become true leaders, entrepreneurs and visionaries. By declaring October 1 – 7, 2023, as National 4-H Week, the Commission recognizes the importance of using the Head, Heart, Hands and Health, the four core values of the 4-H mission, to make the best better.&nbsp; &nbsp;C. COMMISSION: Employee Engagement Committee: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -Commissioner Donna Zimmerman will provide details. It is the intent of the Commission to establish and annually fund an Employee Engagement Committee (EEC). In an effort to move forward with the EEC, the Commission solicited members. At this time, membership will be considered. Appointment period to end December 31, 2024, with the initial EEC members charged with the development of bylaws, short- and long-term goals, project development and to create and host a holiday event for all employees.&nbsp; &nbsp;D. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: 2023 Server Upgrade Project: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -Dereck Hollingshead, Information Technology Director, will present details. On August 31, 2023, the Information Technology Department released the 2023 Server Upgrade Project Request for Proposal (RFP). The department sought pricing for hardware and software to upgrade two (2) servers. The hardware and software to upgrade these two (2) servers will allow Barton County Information Technology to replace a minimum of seven (7) servers. Two vendors submitted bids. It is noted that the Ellinwood and Great Bend Police Departments will reimburse the County for a portion of the cost and that there will be additional software costs.&nbsp; &nbsp;E. JUVENILE SERVICES: Request for Proposal – Juvenile Services Fleet Insurance: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -Marissa Woodmansee, Juvenile Services Director, will present details. Juvenile Services released a Request for Proposal (RFP) for fleet insurance with a September 15, 2023, deadline. The RFP called for coverage for four (4) vehicles and 21 staff members, traveling in a five-County area transporting youth and families, as well as other business travel. Two bids were received.\&nbsp; &nbsp;F. DISTRICT CORONER: Appointment of Special Deputy Coroners: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -Matt Patzner, County Administrator, will provide details. Dr. Patrick Stiles was re-appointed as District Coroner effective January 1, 2023. At the recommendation of Ellsworth County, Dr. Stiles requests that Nathaniel Florian be appointed as a Special Deputy Coroner.&nbsp; &nbsp;G. EXECUTIVE SESSION: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -Chairman Shawn Hutchinson will present. Any Commissioner may make a motion for the board to recess to executive session at this time as allowed by K.S.A. 75-4319. Any motion must contain the justification for the executive session, the subject matter to be discussed, any individuals in addition to the board who will attend the executive session and the time at which the regular session shall resume.V. ENDING BUSINESS – After new items are heard by the Commission, the following items, including announcements, will be heard.&nbsp; &nbsp;A. ANNOUNCEMENTS: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -Following the close of the Agenda Meeting, the Commission will consider the authorization of personnel changes for classified positions, sign any documentation approved during the agenda meeting or sign any other documentation required for regular County business. Similar action may take place throughout the day. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -County officials, individually or in groups, may visit the Courthouse or those buildings being used for displaced Courthouse offices during the HVAC improvement project. With the Courthouse located at 1400 Main, other buildings being used for housing are 1520 Main and 1709 Main, Great Bend, Kansas.&nbsp; &nbsp;B. APPOINTMENTS: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -Although subject to change, the following appointments have been scheduled:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 9:45 a.m. or following the close of the Agenda Meeting – Insurance Review – Freedom Claims with Matt Patzner, County Administrator, and Brenda Kaiser, Human Resource Director.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 11:00 a.m. – Year End-Outcomes and Program Update – Amy Boxberger, CKCC Director.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 11:30 a.m. – Conditional Use Permit – Communications Tower – Judy Goreham, Environmental Manager.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1:30 p.m. – Program Update – Barry McManaman, County Engineer.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2:00 p.m. – Update on Transmission Repair – Jennifer Hamby, Solid Waste Director.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2:15 p.m. – Regular Business Discussion – Matt Patzner, County Administrator.THE COUNTY EDITION, KVGB-AM – Thursdays at 11:05 a.m. Members of the Juvenile Services office are scheduled for September 28, 2023.VI. OTHER BUSINESS: &nbsp; &nbsp;A. Discussion Items. &nbsp; &nbsp;B. Citizens or organizations may present requests or proposals for initial consideration. &nbsp; &nbsp;C. The Commissioners are available to the public on Tuesdays during regular business hours. &nbsp; &nbsp;D. One or more Commissioners may be present in the Commission Chambers conducting county business throughout the day on Tuesdays. &nbsp; &nbsp;E. The Commissioners may, individually, schedule personal appointments related to County business at their discretion. &nbsp; &nbsp;F. The next Regular Meeting will be at 9:00 a.m., Tuesday, October 3, 2023.VII. ADJOURN.

Barton County Commission meeting agenda (9/26)

More than 25% of American’s 65+ fall each year. One fall can drastically alter quality of life and reduce independence. In fact, falls are the leading cause of both fatal and nonfatal injuries among seniors each year. The good news is that falls are not a natural part of aging and steps can be taken to reduce your risk of falling!

Look for an exercise program in your community that focuses on strength, balance, and flexibility. Reach out to your local Area Agency on Aging or K-State Research and Extension to find a class.

You spend most of your time at home, so make sure it’s a safe space. Increase lighting, remove floor clutter, rearrange furniture to open up the flow of traffic, and install grab bars.

Consult your healthcare provider to assess your fall risk, discuss recent falls, and review medications that may affect balance and coordination.

4. Go for regular vision and hearing checkups.

The eyes and ears provide us with vital senses that affect balance, so it’s important to strive for good vision and hearing health.

Fall prevention is a group effort, and family members can help you spot fall risks, and be a team to call on for help. To check your risk of falling, visit https://www.ncoa.org/age-well-planner/assessment/falls-free-checkup to take a short quiz.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/6/1687379815245.png" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>More than 25% of American’s 65+ fall each year. One fall can drastically alter quality of life and reduce independence. In fact, falls are the leading cause of both fatal and nonfatal injuries among seniors each year. The good news is that falls are not a natural part of aging and steps can be taken to reduce your risk of falling!1. Stay active.Look for an exercise program in your community that focuses on strength, balance, and flexibility. Reach out to your local Area Agency on Aging or K-State Research and Extension to find a class.2. Assess your home.You spend most of your time at home, so make sure it’s a safe space. Increase lighting, remove floor clutter, rearrange furniture to open up the flow of traffic, and install grab bars.3. Talk to your doctor.Consult your healthcare provider to assess your fall risk, discuss recent falls, and review medications that may affect balance and coordination.4. Go for regular vision and hearing checkups.The eyes and ears provide us with vital senses that affect balance, so it’s important to strive for good vision and hearing health.5. Find support.Fall prevention is a group effort, and family members can help you spot fall risks, and be a team to call on for help. To check your risk of falling, visit https://www.ncoa.org/age-well-planner/assessment/falls-free-checkup to take a short quiz.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: Fall Prevention - Reduce your risk

Seed treatments are an important part of wheat production in Kansas. An updated version of the K-State publication MF2955, Seed Treatment Fungicides for Wheat Disease Management 2023 is now available at: http://www.ksre.ksu.edu/bookstore/pubs/MF2955.pdf

This updated publication features updated product efficacy information, recommendations for setting seed treatment priorities, considerations for seed treatment success, a key to common seed treatment active ingredients, and a list of some of the more common seed treatments labeled for use in Kansas.

It is important to make sure the seed treatment chosen matches the diseases and pests you are looking to control. Most seed treatments available for wheat in Kansas include one or more fungicide active ingredients (FRAC CODES 3 or 11) that provide protection against a suite of seedborne fungal diseases (common bunt, loose smut, flag smut) as well as soilborne seedling diseases which may result in poor emergence or damping off. These products may also provide early-season suppression of foliar diseases like powdery mildew and rusts. These products may provide suppression of root and foot rots but will not provide full season control against spring infections. Some seed treatments include metalaxyl or mefenoxam (FRAC CODE 4) which control soilborne oomycete diseases like Pythium root rot. Some products also contain insecticides like imidacloprid or thiamethoxam for early-season control of aphids, wireworms, and other insect pests. It is important to note that seed treatments will only provide protection from diseases and pests for approximately 30-45 days after planting and do not provide disease or insect control through the spring months. It is important to take note of grazing restrictions if the seed treatment contains an insecticide.

Adequate seed coverage is critical to ensure the maximum efficacy of any seed treatment products. Seed that is heavily contaminated with chaff or dust may limit the adherence of seed treatments. In addition, if too much clumping of the product occurs, the seed may not be uniformly covered and may not flow well through planting equipment.

Seed treatment priorities in 2023 Fusarium head blight (scab) in northwest Kansas: Fusarium head blight is a serious disease that can result in direct yield loss, discounts, and rejections due to mycotoxin (DON) accumulation, and loss of seed viability. Seed saved from fields with Fusarium head blight may face emergence issues in the fall. Luckily, seed treatments and proper seed cleaning can greatly reduce stand loss in these seed lots. In 2023, there were higher-than-normal levels of Fusarium head blight in northwest Kansas due to untimely rainfall while wheat was flowering. Affected seed lots should be tested for germination (recent eUpdate article on seed tests and considered as candidates for a seed treatment containing a FRAC 3 or FRAC 11 fungicide (such as difenoconazole, prothioconazole, or tebuconazole).

Loose smut control and common bunt, sometimes called, “stinking smut”, can be controlled very effectively with most commercial treatments. Some regions of the state have struggled with these diseases in recent years. If you are planning to keep seed that is known to have or has been exposed to common bunt, it is critical to use a fungicide seed treatment or to purchase certified seed to avoid problems in the future.

Seed treatments can aid stand establishment when planting wheat after soybean harvest, even on seed that has high test weight and good germination. Planting wheat late into cool, wet soils often delays emergence and reduces the tillering capacity of wheat seedlings. This reduced tillering capacity diminishes the plant's ability to compensate for stand loss and maintain yield potential.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Seed treatments are an important part of wheat production in Kansas. An updated version of the K-State publication MF2955, Seed Treatment Fungicides for Wheat Disease Management 2023 is now available at: http://www.ksre.ksu.edu/bookstore/pubs/MF2955.pdfThis updated publication features updated product efficacy information, recommendations for setting seed treatment priorities, considerations for seed treatment success, a key to common seed treatment active ingredients, and a list of some of the more common seed treatments labeled for use in Kansas.It is important to make sure the seed treatment chosen matches the diseases and pests you are looking to control. Most seed treatments available for wheat in Kansas include one or more fungicide active ingredients (FRAC CODES 3 or 11) that provide protection against a suite of seedborne fungal diseases (common bunt, loose smut, flag smut) as well as soilborne seedling diseases which may result in poor emergence or damping off. These products may also provide early-season suppression of foliar diseases like powdery mildew and rusts. These products may provide suppression of root and foot rots but will not provide full season control against spring infections. Some seed treatments include metalaxyl or mefenoxam (FRAC CODE 4) which control soilborne oomycete diseases like Pythium root rot. Some products also contain insecticides like imidacloprid or thiamethoxam for early-season control of aphids, wireworms, and other insect pests. It is important to note that seed treatments will only provide protection from diseases and pests for approximately 30-45 days after planting and do not provide disease or insect control through the spring months. It is important to take note of grazing restrictions if the seed treatment contains an insecticide.Adequate seed coverage is critical to ensure the maximum efficacy of any seed treatment products. Seed that is heavily contaminated with chaff or dust may limit the adherence of seed treatments. In addition, if too much clumping of the product occurs, the seed may not be uniformly covered and may not flow well through planting equipment.Seed treatment priorities in 2023 Fusarium head blight (scab) in northwest Kansas: Fusarium head blight is a serious disease that can result in direct yield loss, discounts, and rejections due to mycotoxin (DON) accumulation, and loss of seed viability. Seed saved from fields with Fusarium head blight may face emergence issues in the fall. Luckily, seed treatments and proper seed cleaning can greatly reduce stand loss in these seed lots. In 2023, there were higher-than-normal levels of Fusarium head blight in northwest Kansas due to untimely rainfall while wheat was flowering. Affected seed lots should be tested for germination (recent eUpdate article on seed tests and considered as candidates for a seed treatment containing a FRAC 3 or FRAC 11 fungicide (such as difenoconazole, prothioconazole, or tebuconazole).Loose smut control and common bunt, sometimes called, “stinking smut”, can be controlled very effectively with most commercial treatments. Some regions of the state have struggled with these diseases in recent years. If you are planning to keep seed that is known to have or has been exposed to common bunt, it is critical to use a fungicide seed treatment or to purchase certified seed to avoid problems in the future.Seed treatments can aid stand establishment when planting wheat after soybean harvest, even on seed that has high test weight and good germination. Planting wheat late into cool, wet soils often delays emergence and reduces the tillering capacity of wheat seedlings. This reduced tillering capacity diminishes the plant's ability to compensate for stand loss and maintain yield potential.

CAMPBELL: Seed treatment important part of wheat production

Senior Health Insurance Counseling for Kansas (SHICK) offers one-on-one, non-biased counseling and assistance to individuals and families either getting ready to sign up for Medicare, or those who already have Medicare.

Medicare Open Enrollment is from October 15-December 7. During this time period you can:

· Change from Original Medicare to a Medicare Advantage Plan.

· Change from a Medicare Advantage Plan back to Original Medicare.

· Switch from one Medicare Advantage Plan to another Medicare Advantage Plan.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/6/1687379815245.png" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Senior Health Insurance Counseling for Kansas (SHICK) offers one-on-one, non-biased counseling and assistance to individuals and families either getting ready to sign up for Medicare, or those who already have Medicare.Medicare Open EnrollmentMedicare Open Enrollment is from October 15-December 7. During this time period you can:· Change from Original Medicare to a Medicare Advantage Plan.· Change from a Medicare Advantage Plan back to Original Medicare.· Switch from one Medicare Advantage Plan to another Medicare Advantage Plan.· Switch from a Medicare Advantage Plan that doesn't offer drug coverage to a Medicare Advantage Plan that offers drug coverage.· Switch from a Medicare Advantage Plan that offers drug coverage to a Medicare Advantage Plan that doesn't offer drug coverage.· Join a Medicare Prescription Drug Plan.· Switch from one Medicare drug plan to another Medicare drug plan.· Drop your Medicare prescription drug coverage completely.Volunteer counselors receive training on Medicare, Medicare Supplemental Insurance, and other health insurance issues that concern Kansans. SHICK counselors are not affiliated with the insurance industry. If you are new to Medicare or have questions about Medicare or Medicare-related issues, SHICK counselors at the Cottonwood Extension office are taking one-on-one appointments for October. Call 620-793-1910 to learn more.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.