Choosing and Caring for Your Christmas Tree&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; If selecting a cut tree, watch for these signs that the tree is too far gone.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Needles are a dull, grayish-green color

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Needles fail to ooze pitch when broken apart and squeezed

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Needles feel stiff and brittle

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Needles pull easily off tree

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Once you have your tree home, recut the trunk about one inch above the original cut. This will open up clogged, water-conducting tissues. Immediately place the trunk in warm water.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Locate the tree in as cool a spot as possible. Avoid areas near fireplaces, wood-burning stoves and heat ducts as the heat will result in excess water loss. Make sure the reservoir stays filled. If the reservoir loses enough water that the bottom of the trunk is exposed, the trunk will need to be recut. Adding aspirins, copper pennies, soda pop, sugar and bleach to the water reservoir have not been shown to prolong the life of a tree.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; If you choose a living Christmas tree, be sure to dig the planting hole before the ground freezes.&nbsp; Mulch the hole and backfill soil to keep them from freezing. Live trees should not be kept inside for more than three days. Longer periods may cause them to lose dormancy resulting in severe injury when planted outside. You may wish to tag the tree at the nursery and then pick it up a couple days before Christmas. After Christmas, move the tree to an unheated garage for several days to acclimatize it to outside temperatures. After planting, water well and leave some mulch in place to prevent the soil water from freezing and becoming unavailable for plant uptake.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

K-State Research and Extension is a short name for the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, a program designed to generate and distribute useful knowledge for the well-being of Kansans. Supported by county, state, federal and private funds, the program has county Extension offices, experiment fields, area Extension offices and regional research centers statewide. Its headquarters is on the K-State campus in Manhattan.&nbsp;K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Choosing and Caring for Your Christmas Tree&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; If selecting a cut tree, watch for these signs that the tree is too far gone.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Needles are a dull, grayish-green color&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Needles fail to ooze pitch when broken apart and squeezed&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Needles feel stiff and brittle&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Needles pull easily off tree&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Once you have your tree home, recut the trunk about one inch above the original cut. This will open up clogged, water-conducting tissues. Immediately place the trunk in warm water.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Locate the tree in as cool a spot as possible. Avoid areas near fireplaces, wood-burning stoves and heat ducts as the heat will result in excess water loss. Make sure the reservoir stays filled. If the reservoir loses enough water that the bottom of the trunk is exposed, the trunk will need to be recut. Adding aspirins, copper pennies, soda pop, sugar and bleach to the water reservoir have not been shown to prolong the life of a tree.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; If you choose a living Christmas tree, be sure to dig the planting hole before the ground freezes.&nbsp; Mulch the hole and backfill soil to keep them from freezing. Live trees should not be kept inside for more than three days. Longer periods may cause them to lose dormancy resulting in severe injury when planted outside. You may wish to tag the tree at the nursery and then pick it up a couple days before Christmas. After Christmas, move the tree to an unheated garage for several days to acclimatize it to outside temperatures. After planting, water well and leave some mulch in place to prevent the soil water from freezing and becoming unavailable for plant uptake.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Research and Extension is a short name for the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, a program designed to generate and distribute useful knowledge for the well-being of Kansans. Supported by county, state, federal and private funds, the program has county Extension offices, experiment fields, area Extension offices and regional research centers statewide. Its headquarters is on the K-State campus in Manhattan.&nbsp;K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Choosing and caring for your Christmas tree

Three small phrases can sum up how to improve health and improve quality of life:

The “three B’s” coined by Chelsea Reinburg, a fellow K-State Extension Agent, has a great point when she says, “I frame good health this way because it’s easy to remember, but sometimes doing all three is difficult. Doing all three is important and they all affect our health.”

The three B’s can provide a valuable road map for people who are looking to improve their health without complicating the process.

Most people have heard of the USDA MyPlate and know that it is a visual to show how breakfast, lunch, and dinner should be built.

“Half of your plate should be fruits or vegetables, a quarter should be grains – focusing on whole grains – and a quarter should be lean protein. Then, maybe a side of dairy, for those who consume dairy products,” Reinberg said.

Although it may seem difficult to build every meal based on the MyPlate method, it can play a big part in pursuing better health- whether that be weight loss or managing chronic illness such as high blood pressure or diabetes. There is also added benefit in diversifying our plate. Reinburg says, “As nutritionists, we say, ‘eat the rainbow,’ because each color has different nutrients, antioxidants, phytonutrients, vitamins and minerals.”

When exercise comes to mind, many people imagine going to the gym, doing intense cardio, or even running a marathon.

Instead, try framing your mindset around simple physical activities. This can be a steady 15-20 minute walk, or another activity that reduces sitting time and gets you away from the computer, tv, or phone screen.

“Being more physically active has some immediate benefits; for example, you may feel like your stress is reduced after a short walk. It reduces your blood pressure, at least temporarily,” Reinberg said.

Long-term benefits include a decreased risk of heart disease or diabetes; lower blood pressure; stronger bones and muscles; and better coordination and balance.

“Some studies have shown that no matter how healthy you are in terms of eating, if you sit for a majority of your day, you are still missing out on the health benefits that physical activity can provide.” Many aspects play a role in holistic well-being, and both nutrition and physical activity are major contributors.

Physical activity also plays a huge role in reducing stress, but colder weather can limit the opportunity to get outside and move. This is why it is especially important to acknowledge stress and to be self-aware of what triggers your stress.

The holiday season tends to increase stress. Family dynamics and finances are just a couple of examples that increase anxiety this time of year. Planning for these situations is important so you can be prepared to handle them. Reinburg advises, “Your plan of action should help to ensure that stress doesn’t get the best of you.”

It is extremely important to learn healthy coping strategies so you don’t continually struggle with anxiety. This is because chronic stress can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure. It also takes a toll on mental health and quality of life. To learn more about healthy coping mechanisms, the American Psychological Association website has some fantastic tools.

Regarding the three B’s, Reinberg said, “You don’t have to tackle all three at the same time.”

Maybe you start with building a better meal by making half your plate vegetables. Then, once you’ve conquered that goal, you can move on to boosting your physical activity or balancing your stress.

There is no perfect formula when it comes to healthy living. Whatever strategy works for you is the best method because you’ll be more likely to stick to it!

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Three small phrases can sum up how to improve health and improve quality of life:Build a better meal.Boost your physical activity.Balance stress.The “three B’s” coined by Chelsea Reinburg, a fellow K-State Extension Agent, has a great point when she says, “I frame good health this way because it’s easy to remember, but sometimes doing all three is difficult. Doing all three is important and they all affect our health.”The three B’s can provide a valuable road map for people who are looking to improve their health without complicating the process.Build a better mealMost people have heard of the USDA MyPlate and know that it is a visual to show how breakfast, lunch, and dinner should be built.“Half of your plate should be fruits or vegetables, a quarter should be grains – focusing on whole grains – and a quarter should be lean protein. Then, maybe a side of dairy, for those who consume dairy products,” Reinberg said.Although it may seem difficult to build every meal based on the MyPlate method, it can play a big part in pursuing better health- whether that be weight loss or managing chronic illness such as high blood pressure or diabetes. There is also added benefit in diversifying our plate. Reinburg says, “As nutritionists, we say, ‘eat the rainbow,’ because each color has different nutrients, antioxidants, phytonutrients, vitamins and minerals.”Boost your physical activityWhen exercise comes to mind, many people imagine going to the gym, doing intense cardio, or even running a marathon.Instead, try framing your mindset around simple physical activities. This can be a steady 15-20 minute walk, or another activity that reduces sitting time and gets you away from the computer, tv, or phone screen.“Being more physically active has some immediate benefits; for example, you may feel like your stress is reduced after a short walk. It reduces your blood pressure, at least temporarily,” Reinberg said.Long-term benefits include a decreased risk of heart disease or diabetes; lower blood pressure; stronger bones and muscles; and better coordination and balance.“Some studies have shown that no matter how healthy you are in terms of eating, if you sit for a majority of your day, you are still missing out on the health benefits that physical activity can provide.” Many aspects play a role in holistic well-being, and both nutrition and physical activity are major contributors.Balance stressPhysical activity also plays a huge role in reducing stress, but colder weather can limit the opportunity to get outside and move. This is why it is especially important to acknowledge stress and to be self-aware of what triggers your stress.The holiday season tends to increase stress. Family dynamics and finances are just a couple of examples that increase anxiety this time of year. Planning for these situations is important so you can be prepared to handle them. Reinburg advises, “Your plan of action should help to ensure that stress doesn’t get the best of you.”It is extremely important to learn healthy coping strategies so you don’t continually struggle with anxiety. This is because chronic stress can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure. It also takes a toll on mental health and quality of life. To learn more about healthy coping mechanisms, the American Psychological Association website has some fantastic tools.Regarding the three B’s, Reinberg said, “You don’t have to tackle all three at the same time.”Maybe you start with building a better meal by making half your plate vegetables. Then, once you’ve conquered that goal, you can move on to boosting your physical activity or balancing your stress.There is no perfect formula when it comes to healthy living. Whatever strategy works for you is the best method because you’ll be more likely to stick to it!Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: Three B’s for better health

After a rapid drop in temperature from warm fall weather in Kansas, trees are keeping their leaves longer. Kansas State University horticulture expert Cynthia Domenghini said this is called marcescence. &nbsp;

“Marcescence is defined by leaves that wither but do not detach from the plant,” Domenghini said. “When the temperature drops quickly, as we have experienced this fall, many trees didn’t have time to develop an abscission layer at the base of each leaf. The abscission layer is what separates the leaf from the tree and prompts it to fall to the ground.”&nbsp;

Marcescence doesn’t harm the tree but may indicate the tree has some damage. The temperature change can affect the tissues beneath the bark, causing the tree to not receive adequate food necessary for survival.&nbsp;

The xylem — the structure in the tree that carries water from the soil throughout the plant — is not damaged and will help the tree continue to maintain life, Domenghini adds. &nbsp;

“If you are seeing trees with marcescence, nothing needs to be done now except prevent further stress,” she said.&nbsp;

Domenghini recommends further preventing stress by keeping the soil moist around trees entering winter. &nbsp;

“Without knowing the extent of the damage to the tree tissue, it is impossible to know what the end result will be, but if only a small portion of the tissue was killed the tree may still recover,” she said. “Trees with excessive internal damage will typically show symptoms the summer after the damage occurred.”&nbsp;

K-State Research and Extension is a short name for the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, a program designed to generate and distribute useful knowledge for the well-being of Kansans. Supported by county, state, federal and private funds, the program has county Extension offices, experiment fields, area Extension offices and regional research centers statewide. Its headquarters is on the K-State campus in Manhattan.&nbsp;K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>After a rapid drop in temperature from warm fall weather in Kansas, trees are keeping their leaves longer. Kansas State University horticulture expert Cynthia Domenghini said this is called marcescence. &nbsp;“Marcescence is defined by leaves that wither but do not detach from the plant,” Domenghini said. “When the temperature drops quickly, as we have experienced this fall, many trees didn’t have time to develop an abscission layer at the base of each leaf. The abscission layer is what separates the leaf from the tree and prompts it to fall to the ground.”&nbsp;Marcescence doesn’t harm the tree but may indicate the tree has some damage. The temperature change can affect the tissues beneath the bark, causing the tree to not receive adequate food necessary for survival.&nbsp;The xylem — the structure in the tree that carries water from the soil throughout the plant — is not damaged and will help the tree continue to maintain life, Domenghini adds. &nbsp;“If you are seeing trees with marcescence, nothing needs to be done now except prevent further stress,” she said.&nbsp;Domenghini recommends further preventing stress by keeping the soil moist around trees entering winter. &nbsp;“Without knowing the extent of the damage to the tree tissue, it is impossible to know what the end result will be, but if only a small portion of the tissue was killed the tree may still recover,” she said. “Trees with excessive internal damage will typically show symptoms the summer after the damage occurred.”&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Research and Extension is a short name for the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, a program designed to generate and distribute useful knowledge for the well-being of Kansans. Supported by county, state, federal and private funds, the program has county Extension offices, experiment fields, area Extension offices and regional research centers statewide. Its headquarters is on the K-State campus in Manhattan.&nbsp;K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Tending to trees going into winter

Thanksgiving is around the corner and you’ve likely experienced a range of emotions planning for the holiday. Maybe you’re excited to see family, relieved to have a day off work, or maybe you’re stressed about how much food you’ve got to prepare. Despite the good or bad feelings related to Turkey Day, have you pondered the original name of the holiday itself, “Thanksgiving?”

Thanksgiving is rooted in the tradition of autumn harvest festivals. It has been celebrated for centuries, and George Washington made it an official holiday. He proclaimed that the people of the United States observe "a day of public thanksgiving and prayer."

As you prepare for the big day, I challenge you to remember the origin of the holiday: gratitude. Gratitude is the readiness to show appreciation and to return kindness. Research has found that people who consciously count their blessings tend to be happier and less depressed. In fact, a study showed that people who wrote one letter of thanksgiving for three weeks reported better mental health up to three months after the exercise ended. When people focus on the good in their lives, they tend to ruminate less on their negative experiences. Gratitude not only reduces the risk of depression, but it lowers stress which is a top cause of chronic illnesses including high blood pressure and heart disease.

As you can see, gratitude improves both mental and physical condition. If you’re interested in practicing gratitude for Thanksgiving and beyond, here are a few ways to make it routine:

· Recall three good things that happen to you each day. This may be a fun habit for you and your kids as you tuck them in at night!

· Keep a gratitude journal. Jotting down things you are grateful for is likely to change your perspective. You might see more positivity in the world around you. Looking through the pages of blessings in your life after a tough day may also be especially handy.

· Use your phone for good. We all find ourselves tied to our smart devices, so make it a priority to send a few “thank you” texts per week.

· Be self-aware of complaining. It’s easy to get drawn into a cycle of negativity when things aren’t going your way. To combat this habit, every time you complain, try to find the silver lining. When you can find the good in every situation, there is less room to fixate on the negatives of life.

Regardless of how you decide to practice gratitude, I encourage you to try it. Joshua Brown, a doctor of psychological science said it best, “Much of our time and energy is spent pursuing things we currently don’t have. Gratitude reverses our priorities to help us appreciate the people and things we do.”

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Thanksgiving is around the corner and you’ve likely experienced a range of emotions planning for the holiday. Maybe you’re excited to see family, relieved to have a day off work, or maybe you’re stressed about how much food you’ve got to prepare. Despite the good or bad feelings related to Turkey Day, have you pondered the original name of the holiday itself, “Thanksgiving?”Thanksgiving is rooted in the tradition of autumn harvest festivals. It has been celebrated for centuries, and George Washington made it an official holiday. He proclaimed that the people of the United States observe "a day of public thanksgiving and prayer."As you prepare for the big day, I challenge you to remember the origin of the holiday: gratitude. Gratitude is the readiness to show appreciation and to return kindness. Research has found that people who consciously count their blessings tend to be happier and less depressed. In fact, a study showed that people who wrote one letter of thanksgiving for three weeks reported better mental health up to three months after the exercise ended. When people focus on the good in their lives, they tend to ruminate less on their negative experiences. Gratitude not only reduces the risk of depression, but it lowers stress which is a top cause of chronic illnesses including high blood pressure and heart disease.As you can see, gratitude improves both mental and physical condition. If you’re interested in practicing gratitude for Thanksgiving and beyond, here are a few ways to make it routine:· Recall three good things that happen to you each day. This may be a fun habit for you and your kids as you tuck them in at night!· Keep a gratitude journal. Jotting down things you are grateful for is likely to change your perspective. You might see more positivity in the world around you. Looking through the pages of blessings in your life after a tough day may also be especially handy.· Use your phone for good. We all find ourselves tied to our smart devices, so make it a priority to send a few “thank you” texts per week.· Be self-aware of complaining. It’s easy to get drawn into a cycle of negativity when things aren’t going your way. To combat this habit, every time you complain, try to find the silver lining. When you can find the good in every situation, there is less room to fixate on the negatives of life.Regardless of how you decide to practice gratitude, I encourage you to try it. Joshua Brown, a doctor of psychological science said it best, “Much of our time and energy is spent pursuing things we currently don’t have. Gratitude reverses our priorities to help us appreciate the people and things we do.”Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: Thanksgiving - A day of gratitude

The USDA Meat and Poultry Hotline can personally answer your food safety questions on weekdays year-round.

The Hotline receives more than 50,000 calls yearly. This toll-free telephone service, which began July 1, 1985, helps prevent foodborne illness by answering questions about the safe storage, handling, and preparation of meat, poultry, and egg products.

Food Safety Questions? Call the USDA Meat and Poultry Hotline. If you have questions about meat, poultry, or egg products, call the USDA Meat and Poultry Hotline toll fee at 1-888-674-6854. The Hotline is open year-round Monday through Friday from 10am to 6pm Eastern time and is available in English or Spanish. Recorded food safety messages are available 24 hours a day. Check out the FSIS Web site at www.fsis.usda.gov. Send email questions to MPHotline@usda.gov.

The Hotline is staffed by food safety specialists with backgrounds in home economics, nutrition, and food technology.

The majority of calls come from consumers regarding how to properly handle their food, including food safety during power outages, food manufacturer recalls, foodborne illnesses, and the inspection of meat, poultry, and egg products.

Hotline Answers Millions of Calls! The Hotline has answered over 2 million calls as part of USDA's consumer food safety education efforts. Often the first question callers ask is, "Are you a real person?" The Hotline is one of the rare services where a live person answers callers individually specific questions one-on-one.

In the more than 35 years of operation, callers have asked the Hotline increasingly more sophisticated questions. Now they frequently know the names of bacteria many people had never heard of 10 or 20 years ago.

From novice cooks wondering how long to safely roast a chicken to more experienced food handlers asking about additives, residues, and foodborne bacteria. Hotline food safety specialists have heard it all—2 million times over.

Hotline Services Available in Spanish Beginning in 2002, the toll-free Hotline extended its service to callers whose first language is Spanish. By touching the appropriate number at the prompt, callers will be connected to a Spanish-speaking food safety specialist who can answer their questions. Callers may also listen to more than 50 food safety messages recorded in Spanish, 24 hours a day.

The Hotline is open on Thanksgiving Day from 7:00 a.m. to 1 p.m. Central Time and 8:00 a.m. to 2:00 p. m., Eastern Time, but closed on other Federal government holidays.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>The USDA Meat and Poultry Hotline can personally answer your food safety questions on weekdays year-round.The Hotline receives more than 50,000 calls yearly. This toll-free telephone service, which began July 1, 1985, helps prevent foodborne illness by answering questions about the safe storage, handling, and preparation of meat, poultry, and egg products.Food Safety Questions? Call the USDA Meat and Poultry Hotline. If you have questions about meat, poultry, or egg products, call the USDA Meat and Poultry Hotline toll fee at 1-888-674-6854. The Hotline is open year-round Monday through Friday from 10am to 6pm Eastern time and is available in English or Spanish. Recorded food safety messages are available 24 hours a day. Check out the FSIS Web site at www.fsis.usda.gov. Send email questions to MPHotline@usda.gov.The Hotline is staffed by food safety specialists with backgrounds in home economics, nutrition, and food technology.The majority of calls come from consumers regarding how to properly handle their food, including food safety during power outages, food manufacturer recalls, foodborne illnesses, and the inspection of meat, poultry, and egg products.Hotline Answers Millions of Calls! The Hotline has answered over 2 million calls as part of USDA's consumer food safety education efforts. Often the first question callers ask is, "Are you a real person?" The Hotline is one of the rare services where a live person answers callers individually specific questions one-on-one.In the more than 35 years of operation, callers have asked the Hotline increasingly more sophisticated questions. Now they frequently know the names of bacteria many people had never heard of 10 or 20 years ago.From novice cooks wondering how long to safely roast a chicken to more experienced food handlers asking about additives, residues, and foodborne bacteria. Hotline food safety specialists have heard it all—2 million times over.Hotline Services Available in Spanish Beginning in 2002, the toll-free Hotline extended its service to callers whose first language is Spanish. By touching the appropriate number at the prompt, callers will be connected to a Spanish-speaking food safety specialist who can answer their questions. Callers may also listen to more than 50 food safety messages recorded in Spanish, 24 hours a day.The Hotline is open on Thanksgiving Day from 7:00 a.m. to 1 p.m. Central Time and 8:00 a.m. to 2:00 p. m., Eastern Time, but closed on other Federal government holidays.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: USDA Meat and Poultry Hotline

By MIKE COURSON Great Bend Post

A good Thanksgiving meal likely revolves around the quality of the bird on the table. Unfortunately, cooking the perfect turkey is not as simple as throwing it in the oven on Thanksgiving morning. Fortunately, the craft of cooking a perfect bird has been fine-tuned over the years. Karissa Winkel, family and community wellness agent with K-State Research and Extension - Cottonwood District, said the process begins days in advance with the thaw.

"The best way is to thaw it in the fridge but that can take some time so you want to plan a little bit depending on how big your turkey is," she said. "For a 16-20 pound turkey to thaw, it takes four to five days."

The general rule of thumb is to allow 24 hours of thawing in the refrigerator for every four or five pounds of turkey. The bird may also be placed in a leakproof plastic bag and placed in cold water. Experts say the turkey should be completely covered with water, and the water should be changed every 30 minutes. Allow 30 minutes of thawing for each pound of turkey, and turkeys thawed this way must be cooked immediately after thawing.

Turkeys should be cooked to an internal temperature of 165°F, but the danger does not end there. Food left out for too long after the big meal also poses a threat.

"You don't want to leave any food out longer than two hours," Winkel said. "That's the 2-hour rule. If you have food out, go ahead and enjoy it, but go ahead and put it back in the fridge and let it cool."

Larger pieces of turkey should be cut into smaller sizes so it cools faster. Leftover turkey should be consumed within three to four days or placed in the freezer for longer storage.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/10/1635350563626.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By MIKE COURSON Great Bend PostA good Thanksgiving meal likely revolves around the quality of the bird on the table. Unfortunately, cooking the perfect turkey is not as simple as throwing it in the oven on Thanksgiving morning. Fortunately, the craft of cooking a perfect bird has been fine-tuned over the years. Karissa Winkel, family and community wellness agent with K-State Research and Extension - Cottonwood District, said the process begins days in advance with the thaw."The best way is to thaw it in the fridge but that can take some time so you want to plan a little bit depending on how big your turkey is," she said. "For a 16-20 pound turkey to thaw, it takes four to five days."The general rule of thumb is to allow 24 hours of thawing in the refrigerator for every four or five pounds of turkey. The bird may also be placed in a leakproof plastic bag and placed in cold water. Experts say the turkey should be completely covered with water, and the water should be changed every 30 minutes. Allow 30 minutes of thawing for each pound of turkey, and turkeys thawed this way must be cooked immediately after thawing.Turkeys should be cooked to an internal temperature of 165°F, but the danger does not end there. Food left out for too long after the big meal also poses a threat."You don't want to leave any food out longer than two hours," Winkel said. "That's the 2-hour rule. If you have food out, go ahead and enjoy it, but go ahead and put it back in the fridge and let it cool."Larger pieces of turkey should be cut into smaller sizes so it cools faster. Leftover turkey should be consumed within three to four days or placed in the freezer for longer storage.

Turkey preparation begins days before Thanksgiving

K-State Research and Extension, NW Region Extension Counties/Districts are hosting two Crop Pest Management Schools, December 5, in Colby at the City Limits Convention Center and December 6, in Russell at the Elks Lodge starting at 7:45 a.m. with registration and concluding at 5:00 PM.

Join us in-person to learn about how to control the latest pests – weeds, insects, and diseases – effecting all crops in central and western Kansas!

Commercial Applicators will earn 1 Core Hour &amp; 7 Hours for 1A, certified by Kansas Department of AG. Certified Crop Advisors (CCA) will also earn 8 Pest Management Credits. These schools would also be an excellent educational opportunity for producers!

The cost to participate is $50 if registered by November 27, after that date the fee is $75. Those wishing to participate are asked to register by Monday, November 27, by midnight. Simply go to: http://www.northwest.ksu.edu/events/crop-pest-mangagement-school or call Jeanne Falk-Jones, K-State Research and Extension, at 785-462-6281 or Craig Dinkel, at 785-472-4442.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>K-State Research and Extension, NW Region Extension Counties/Districts are hosting two Crop Pest Management Schools, December 5, in Colby at the City Limits Convention Center and December 6, in Russell at the Elks Lodge starting at 7:45 a.m. with registration and concluding at 5:00 PM.Join us in-person to learn about how to control the latest pests – weeds, insects, and diseases – effecting all crops in central and western Kansas!Commercial Applicators will earn 1 Core Hour &amp; 7 Hours for 1A, certified by Kansas Department of AG. Certified Crop Advisors (CCA) will also earn 8 Pest Management Credits. These schools would also be an excellent educational opportunity for producers!The cost to participate is $50 if registered by November 27, after that date the fee is $75. Those wishing to participate are asked to register by Monday, November 27, by midnight. Simply go to: http://www.northwest.ksu.edu/events/crop-pest-mangagement-school or call Jeanne Falk-Jones, K-State Research and Extension, at 785-462-6281 or Craig Dinkel, at 785-472-4442.

CAMPBELL: Crop pest management schools

Rural communities are wonderful places to live, work, and play which is why nearly 61 million people across the U.S. call them home! However, rural communities often face accessibility issues, healthcare provider shortages, transportation barriers, chronic disease, and larger percentages of underinsured citizens. Even though these challenges are present, rural communities are resilient, resourceful, innovative, and collaborative in addressing local challenges with creative solutions. Rural Kansas is also a great place for dedicated health professionals to deliver essential health services and provide comprehensive, individualized care.

This is why we are proud to celebrate the “Power of Rural” by supporting National Rural Health Day on November 16, 2023.

National Rural Health Day is an opportunity to bring awareness and honor to the incredible efforts of rural healthcare providers, communities, organizations, and stakeholders dedicated to addressing the unique healthcare needs of rural America. This includes the opportunity to be healthy and have access to affordable, quality health care regardless of where they call home.

Take some time today to reflect on the organizations that work hard to provide a range of health services for you and your neighbors, and take a moment to thank these providers. With them, our community is stronger, healthier, and more connected!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Rural communities are wonderful places to live, work, and play which is why nearly 61 million people across the U.S. call them home! However, rural communities often face accessibility issues, healthcare provider shortages, transportation barriers, chronic disease, and larger percentages of underinsured citizens. Even though these challenges are present, rural communities are resilient, resourceful, innovative, and collaborative in addressing local challenges with creative solutions. Rural Kansas is also a great place for dedicated health professionals to deliver essential health services and provide comprehensive, individualized care.This is why we are proud to celebrate the “Power of Rural” by supporting National Rural Health Day on November 16, 2023.National Rural Health Day is an opportunity to bring awareness and honor to the incredible efforts of rural healthcare providers, communities, organizations, and stakeholders dedicated to addressing the unique healthcare needs of rural America. This includes the opportunity to be healthy and have access to affordable, quality health care regardless of where they call home.Take some time today to reflect on the organizations that work hard to provide a range of health services for you and your neighbors, and take a moment to thank these providers. With them, our community is stronger, healthier, and more connected!Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: National Rural Health Day - Celebrating the power of rural

The Great Bend Recreation Commission will be hosting a free Stop ‘N Learn Session titled “Focus on the Stars – Cooking Healthy for the Holidays” on Wednesday, November 15, from 12:00 – 1:00 pm at the Great Bend Rec Activity Center (2715 18th&nbsp;Street).&nbsp; Join us to learn how to maintain a healthy lifestyle during the holiday season.&nbsp; Holidays are full of treats, and we want to enjoy them.&nbsp; Although it is easy to fall into a cycle of unhealthy eating during this time of year, at this Stop ‘N Learn we’ll discuss simple swaps for holiday recipes that make meals lighter without sacrificing flavors.&nbsp; Holiday recipes and samples will be provided.&nbsp; Karissa Winkel, Family and Community Wellness Agent for K-State and Extension – Cottonwood District, will be the speaker for the program.&nbsp;&nbsp;

The Great Bend Recreation Commission will be hosting a free Stop ‘N Learn Session titled “Focus on the Stars – Cooking Healthy for the Holidays” on Wednesday, November 15, from 12:00 – 1:00 pm at the Great Bend Rec Activity Center (2715 18th&nbsp;Street).&nbsp; Join us to learn how to maintain a healthy lifestyle during the holiday season.&nbsp; Holidays are full of treats, and we want to enjoy them.&nbsp; Although it is easy to fall into a cycle of unhealthy eating during this time of year, at this Stop ‘N Learn we’ll discuss simple swaps for holiday recipes that make meals lighter without sacrificing flavors.&nbsp; Holiday recipes and samples will be provided.&nbsp; Karissa Winkel, Family and Community Wellness Agent for K-State and Extension – Cottonwood District, will be the speaker for the program.&nbsp;&nbsp;

GBRC: Cooking healthy for the holidays

Save the date for the 2023 Crop Production Update, hosted by the Kansas Agribusiness Retailers Association (KARA) and in cooperation with K-State Research and Extension. The two-day event is set for December 6 and 7 at the Hilton Garden Inn, Manhattan, KS. Each day will kick off at 8:30 a.m. and conclude around 4:00 p.m. Several CCA CEUs will be offered in addition to one 1A hour and one core hour.

This training provides the latest research and technological advances in weed and insect control, fertilizer and chemical recommendations, soil fertility concerns, and much more. The agendas for each day are still being finalized and will be shared in a future eUpdate article. Stay tuned to the eUpdate and the conference website (https://www.ksagretailers.org/events-training/crop-production-update/) for registration to open and the final agendas to be released soon. K-State Research and Extension will host the 21st annual Cover Your Acres Winter Conference for crop producers and consultants on January 16 and 17. The conference will take place in the traditional in-person format at the Gateway Civic Center in Oberlin, KS.

Cover Your Acres is a producer-driven meeting focused on new ideas and research-based updates in crop production in northwest Kansas and the Central High Plains region.

The conference, which typically draws more than 400 attendees from Kansas and other states, highlights the latest technology, methods, and conservation practices to improve crop production in the region. This year’s conference will feature university specialists and industry representatives discussing what’s driving profitability in northwest Kansas farms. Confirmed session topics will include economic drivers on northwest Kansas farms, weed resistance management, cropping systems, and soil fertility management. Additional session topics and speakers are still being finalized and will be announced in an upcoming eUpdate article and on the conference website at www.northwest.ksu.edu/coveryouracres

The same programs will be offered on both days of the conference. Participants attending both days will find catching most or all of the programs easier. The sessions are followed by a social on Tuesday evening, where attendees can visit with industry representatives and conference speakers while enjoying appetizers.

Online registration is open. The fee is $55 for Tuesday, January 16, $60 for Wednesday, January 17, or $80 for both days. After January 10th, and for walk-ins, the cost is $80 per day. The conference fee includes lunch, morning and afternoon refreshments and educational

materials. The program will offer continuing education unit (CEU) credits for Certified Crop Advisors and 1A for Commercial Applicators credit.

To view the preliminary conference details, lodging accommodations, and online registration, visit www.northwest.ksu.edu/coveryouracres. For questions, call 785-462-6281.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Save the date for the 2023 Crop Production Update, hosted by the Kansas Agribusiness Retailers Association (KARA) and in cooperation with K-State Research and Extension. The two-day event is set for December 6 and 7 at the Hilton Garden Inn, Manhattan, KS. Each day will kick off at 8:30 a.m. and conclude around 4:00 p.m. Several CCA CEUs will be offered in addition to one 1A hour and one core hour.This training provides the latest research and technological advances in weed and insect control, fertilizer and chemical recommendations, soil fertility concerns, and much more. The agendas for each day are still being finalized and will be shared in a future eUpdate article. Stay tuned to the eUpdate and the conference website (https://www.ksagretailers.org/events-training/crop-production-update/) for registration to open and the final agendas to be released soon. K-State Research and Extension will host the 21st annual Cover Your Acres Winter Conference for crop producers and consultants on January 16 and 17. The conference will take place in the traditional in-person format at the Gateway Civic Center in Oberlin, KS.Cover Your Acres is a producer-driven meeting focused on new ideas and research-based updates in crop production in northwest Kansas and the Central High Plains region.The conference, which typically draws more than 400 attendees from Kansas and other states, highlights the latest technology, methods, and conservation practices to improve crop production in the region. This year’s conference will feature university specialists and industry representatives discussing what’s driving profitability in northwest Kansas farms. Confirmed session topics will include economic drivers on northwest Kansas farms, weed resistance management, cropping systems, and soil fertility management. Additional session topics and speakers are still being finalized and will be announced in an upcoming eUpdate article and on the conference website at www.northwest.ksu.edu/coveryouracresThe same programs will be offered on both days of the conference. Participants attending both days will find catching most or all of the programs easier. The sessions are followed by a social on Tuesday evening, where attendees can visit with industry representatives and conference speakers while enjoying appetizers.Online registration is open. The fee is $55 for Tuesday, January 16, $60 for Wednesday, January 17, or $80 for both days. After January 10th, and for walk-ins, the cost is $80 per day. The conference fee includes lunch, morning and afternoon refreshments and educationalmaterials. The program will offer continuing education unit (CEU) credits for Certified Crop Advisors and 1A for Commercial Applicators credit.To view the preliminary conference details, lodging accommodations, and online registration, visit www.northwest.ksu.edu/coveryouracres. For questions, call 785-462-6281.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Crop production update & Cover Your Acres Winter Conference

Last weekend, 4-H families across Barton County gathered for fun, fellowship, and celebrations!

The annual 4-H Achievement Celebration gives us an opportunity to celebrate individual and club achievements, and recognize leaders and supporters.

4-H Council officers, Landon Woydziak, Melody Braddy, and Jonas Kern were our masters of ceremony as each club had the time to highlight a few of their activities and award winners for the past year.

In addition to club awards, a few special awards are presented including the Key Award and Friends of 4-H.

The Key Award is the most prestigious Kansas 4-H Award. Candidates must be 16 years old and have been enrolled in the Leadership project for the past four years. Nominees must have demonstrated outstanding contributions in leadership, citizenship, community service, demonstrations, and the holding of club and county offices. In short, it recognizes 4-H members who have lived up to the high ideals of the 4-H Pledge. The Farm Credit Associations of Kansas proudly present these awards across the state each year and Parker Dicks is the 2023 recipient. Parker is a 10-year member of the Busy Buzzers 4-H Club and has been active in the Leadership project for four years. He has held multiple offices for his club and at the county level for 4-H Council, Junior Leaders, and the 4-H Livestock Committee. He is involved in a variety of project areas and can be counted on to mentor young 4-H members and provide a calm and steady presence in and out of the show ring.

Each 4-H Club has the opportunity to nominate someone as a Friend of 4-H. The first recipient this year is the Dustin and Aimee Wyant family. Wyants give generously of their time to assist at the county level in several project areas. In particular, they provide direction for the STEM SpaceTech project, help younger members attending STEM camp, and assist livestock members in the poultry and rabbit projects.

An additional Friend of 4-H was awarded to Connie Hughes. She was a club leader for the Ellinwood Energizers 4-H Club for a number of years and continues to support Junior Leaders through peach sales, welcome photography youth to their family farm to practice their skills, and supports 4-H at the Barton County Fair Sale of Champions. She helped to plan the Achievement Celebration for many years and mentored many youth in the Beef project.

A wonderful 4-H Council committee planned the meal and the decorations for a fun-filled evening with a delicious dinner! In this season of thanksgiving, I always end the evening by reminding 4-H members to look around them and show their appreciation to their families and club leaders for direction and support. I’ll add the same here – 4-H couldn’t provide such opportunities without dedicated volunteers, club leaders, fantastic families, and my co-workers who step in to help whenever and wherever needed!

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:mberan@ksu.edu">mberan@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

Kansas State University is committed to making its services, activities and programs accessible to all participants. If you have special requirements due to a physical, vision, or hearing disability.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Last weekend, 4-H families across Barton County gathered for fun, fellowship, and celebrations!The annual 4-H Achievement Celebration gives us an opportunity to celebrate individual and club achievements, and recognize leaders and supporters.4-H Council officers, Landon Woydziak, Melody Braddy, and Jonas Kern were our masters of ceremony as each club had the time to highlight a few of their activities and award winners for the past year.In addition to club awards, a few special awards are presented including the Key Award and Friends of 4-H.The Key Award is the most prestigious Kansas 4-H Award. Candidates must be 16 years old and have been enrolled in the Leadership project for the past four years. Nominees must have demonstrated outstanding contributions in leadership, citizenship, community service, demonstrations, and the holding of club and county offices. In short, it recognizes 4-H members who have lived up to the high ideals of the 4-H Pledge. The Farm Credit Associations of Kansas proudly present these awards across the state each year and Parker Dicks is the 2023 recipient. Parker is a 10-year member of the Busy Buzzers 4-H Club and has been active in the Leadership project for four years. He has held multiple offices for his club and at the county level for 4-H Council, Junior Leaders, and the 4-H Livestock Committee. He is involved in a variety of project areas and can be counted on to mentor young 4-H members and provide a calm and steady presence in and out of the show ring.Each 4-H Club has the opportunity to nominate someone as a Friend of 4-H. The first recipient this year is the Dustin and Aimee Wyant family. Wyants give generously of their time to assist at the county level in several project areas. In particular, they provide direction for the STEM SpaceTech project, help younger members attending STEM camp, and assist livestock members in the poultry and rabbit projects.An additional Friend of 4-H was awarded to Connie Hughes. She was a club leader for the Ellinwood Energizers 4-H Club for a number of years and continues to support Junior Leaders through peach sales, welcome photography youth to their family farm to practice their skills, and supports 4-H at the Barton County Fair Sale of Champions. She helped to plan the Achievement Celebration for many years and mentored many youth in the Beef project.A wonderful 4-H Council committee planned the meal and the decorations for a fun-filled evening with a delicious dinner! In this season of thanksgiving, I always end the evening by reminding 4-H members to look around them and show their appreciation to their families and club leaders for direction and support. I’ll add the same here – 4-H couldn’t provide such opportunities without dedicated volunteers, club leaders, fantastic families, and my co-workers who step in to help whenever and wherever needed!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:mberan@ksu.edu">mberan@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.Kansas State University is committed to making its services, activities and programs accessible to all participants. If you have special requirements due to a physical, vision, or hearing disability.

BERAN: 4-H achievement celebrations

The term “alternative feedstuff” conjures images of a variety of post-production food products (i.e. bakery waste, potato products, candy remnants, brewery waste etc.) that can be fed to livestock. However, I would contend the term would also apply to a variety of specialty or vegetable crop residues (dry beans, chili peppers etc.). Alternative feedstuffs can provide economical sources of nutrients in cattle rations.

Many alternative feeds are postproduction waste products, so it is essential to understand a variety of factors.

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What exactly is in the product?

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How is it produced?

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are there any artifacts of the production or cleaning process that would impact livestock or cattle?

It is also important to understand how the product is handled, stored and how it will be delivered to the end-user. Many low or no cost alternative feedstuffs can be difficult to handle and store which may limit the potential use of a product as a feed commodity. Another consideration is the expected shelf-life of the product and the typical volume of the product received. In some situations, the products are close to or past their “best by” date for human consumption and may need to be fed quickly.

Many waste product streams (cull vegetable produce waste, candy) also include product packaging material which may need to be removed prior to feeding. In some cases, packaging material may be fed but not fully digested and thus is present in manure, which can become unsightly in the facility or in crop fields.

If a specialty crop or vegetable residue is being evaluated, the type and application timing of any herbicides or any chemicals should also be considered. Many herbicides for specialty/vegetable crops do not consider grazing, haying or any livestock use on their labels. Evaluating the safety or potential risk associated with a specific chemical/herbicide can become challenging and thus seeking the advice of professionals with technical expertise in chemicals is advised.

Producers should request a chemical analysis of the feedstuff. The analysis should include the amount of moisture in the product (dry matter), crude protein, fiber (crude fiber, ADF: acid detergent fiber, NDF: neutral detergent fiber), starch, fat content and a mineral profile that includes both macro and microminerals preferably. Given that many of these products are by-products of a production process and not naturally-occurring they may contain disproportionate concentrations of nutrients or minerals that may potentially limit inclusion in rations. Obtaining a nutrient analysis, also facilitates the calculation of nutrient (crude protein, energy) cost per unit calculations (lb or ton, dry basis) and allows producers to accurately compare alternative feedstuffs with traditional protein or energy commodities.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>The term “alternative feedstuff” conjures images of a variety of post-production food products (i.e. bakery waste, potato products, candy remnants, brewery waste etc.) that can be fed to livestock. However, I would contend the term would also apply to a variety of specialty or vegetable crop residues (dry beans, chili peppers etc.). Alternative feedstuffs can provide economical sources of nutrients in cattle rations.Many alternative feeds are postproduction waste products, so it is essential to understand a variety of factors.·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What exactly is in the product?·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How is it produced?·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are there any artifacts of the production or cleaning process that would impact livestock or cattle?It is also important to understand how the product is handled, stored and how it will be delivered to the end-user. Many low or no cost alternative feedstuffs can be difficult to handle and store which may limit the potential use of a product as a feed commodity. Another consideration is the expected shelf-life of the product and the typical volume of the product received. In some situations, the products are close to or past their “best by” date for human consumption and may need to be fed quickly.Many waste product streams (cull vegetable produce waste, candy) also include product packaging material which may need to be removed prior to feeding. In some cases, packaging material may be fed but not fully digested and thus is present in manure, which can become unsightly in the facility or in crop fields.If a specialty crop or vegetable residue is being evaluated, the type and application timing of any herbicides or any chemicals should also be considered. Many herbicides for specialty/vegetable crops do not consider grazing, haying or any livestock use on their labels. Evaluating the safety or potential risk associated with a specific chemical/herbicide can become challenging and thus seeking the advice of professionals with technical expertise in chemicals is advised.Producers should request a chemical analysis of the feedstuff. The analysis should include the amount of moisture in the product (dry matter), crude protein, fiber (crude fiber, ADF: acid detergent fiber, NDF: neutral detergent fiber), starch, fat content and a mineral profile that includes both macro and microminerals preferably. Given that many of these products are by-products of a production process and not naturally-occurring they may contain disproportionate concentrations of nutrients or minerals that may potentially limit inclusion in rations. Obtaining a nutrient analysis, also facilitates the calculation of nutrient (crude protein, energy) cost per unit calculations (lb or ton, dry basis) and allows producers to accurately compare alternative feedstuffs with traditional protein or energy commodities.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Research and Extension is a short name for the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, a program designed to generate and distribute useful knowledge for the well-being of Kansans. Supported by county, state, federal and private funds, the program has county Extension offices, experiment fields, area Extension offices and regional research centers statewide. Its headquarters is on the K-State campus in Manhattan.&nbsp;K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Alternative feedstuff can provide sources of nutrients

Mustard plants such as field pennycress, bushy wallflower, flixweed, tansy mustard, and blue mustard in wheat fields often are not noticed until the mustards start to bloom in the spring. As a result, farmers often do not think about control until that time. Although it is possible to get some control with spring herbicide applications, mustards are much more difficult to control once they have flowered and often have already reduced wheat yields by then.

To minimize yield losses, mustards should be controlled by late winter or very early spring before the stems begin to elongate or bolt. If mustards are present in the fall, they can be controlled by various active ingredients. You can look for products containing Group 2 ALS-inhibiting herbicides.

Most ALS-inhibiting herbicides control winter annual mustards very well. However, there are populations of bushy wall flower (treacle mustard) and flixweed in Kansas that are ALS-resistant and cannot be controlled by these products. Alternative herbicides will be needed to control these populations. Also, be aware that some of the Group 2 herbicides have long rotation intervals to other crops.

Group 27 herbicides can control ALS-resistant mustards. Other options to control ALS-resistant mustards are Group 4 herbicides.

Group 27 and Group 4 herbicides have little to no residual activity, thus will only control weeds that have emerged and are actively growing. Applying them with fertilizer in January or February when weeds are dormant will not provide good mustard control. In addition, special care should be taken to ensure wheat is fully tillered when 2,4-D is applied to avoid reducing tillering.

In the late winter or early spring, blue mustard is perhaps the most difficult of the winter annual broadleaf weeds to control because it bolts very early. To be effective on blue mustard, herbicides typically need to be applied in late February or early March. Blue mustard is more difficult to control than tansy mustard with 2,4-D because blue mustard has often already bolted by the time 2,4-D can be safely applied to wheat. Thus, 2,4-D is often applied too late to be effective on blue mustard.

Flixweed and tansy mustard should be treated when they are no larger than two to three inches across and two to three inches tall. As these plants become larger, control decreases dramatically. Ester formulations of 2,4-D and MCPA are more effective on tansy mustard and flixweed than amine formulations. Field pennycress is easier to control than tansy mustard or flixweed. Herbicide applications made before the pennycress bolts are usually effective.

Crop rotation with corn, grain sorghum, soybeans, or sunflowers is a good way of managing mustards as long as they are controlled in the spring before producing seeds. Crop rotation will usually result in a gradual reduction of mustard populations in the future as the seedbank in the soil decreases.

Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Mustard plants such as field pennycress, bushy wallflower, flixweed, tansy mustard, and blue mustard in wheat fields often are not noticed until the mustards start to bloom in the spring. As a result, farmers often do not think about control until that time. Although it is possible to get some control with spring herbicide applications, mustards are much more difficult to control once they have flowered and often have already reduced wheat yields by then.To minimize yield losses, mustards should be controlled by late winter or very early spring before the stems begin to elongate or bolt. If mustards are present in the fall, they can be controlled by various active ingredients. You can look for products containing Group 2 ALS-inhibiting herbicides.Most ALS-inhibiting herbicides control winter annual mustards very well. However, there are populations of bushy wall flower (treacle mustard) and flixweed in Kansas that are ALS-resistant and cannot be controlled by these products. Alternative herbicides will be needed to control these populations. Also, be aware that some of the Group 2 herbicides have long rotation intervals to other crops.Group 27 herbicides can control ALS-resistant mustards. Other options to control ALS-resistant mustards are Group 4 herbicides.Group 27 and Group 4 herbicides have little to no residual activity, thus will only control weeds that have emerged and are actively growing. Applying them with fertilizer in January or February when weeds are dormant will not provide good mustard control. In addition, special care should be taken to ensure wheat is fully tillered when 2,4-D is applied to avoid reducing tillering.In the late winter or early spring, blue mustard is perhaps the most difficult of the winter annual broadleaf weeds to control because it bolts very early. To be effective on blue mustard, herbicides typically need to be applied in late February or early March. Blue mustard is more difficult to control than tansy mustard with 2,4-D because blue mustard has often already bolted by the time 2,4-D can be safely applied to wheat. Thus, 2,4-D is often applied too late to be effective on blue mustard.Flixweed and tansy mustard should be treated when they are no larger than two to three inches across and two to three inches tall. As these plants become larger, control decreases dramatically. Ester formulations of 2,4-D and MCPA are more effective on tansy mustard and flixweed than amine formulations. Field pennycress is easier to control than tansy mustard or flixweed. Herbicide applications made before the pennycress bolts are usually effective.Crop rotation with corn, grain sorghum, soybeans, or sunflowers is a good way of managing mustards as long as they are controlled in the spring before producing seeds. Crop rotation will usually result in a gradual reduction of mustard populations in the future as the seedbank in the soil decreases.Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Control of mustards in wheat – timely treatment important

The 2024 Great Bend Reading Initiative will kick off on Monday, January 8 with the book&nbsp;The Wild Robot, by Peter Brown. Over 6 weeks, students and families will be invited to experience the story with reading prompts &amp; activities, guest speakers in school, community exploration, and more!

The Great Bend Reading Initiative is open to all elementary-aged students in our community with opportunities for both older and younger students to join the fun. Programming is presented in partnership with the Great Bend USD 428, Great Bend Public Library, Kansas Wetlands Education Center, KSTATE Research and Extension - Cottonwood District, Barton Community College, and numerous local businesses like yours!

Become a Book Buddy Business by sponsoring the 2024 Great Bend Reading Initiative!

We invite local businesses to sponsor this year’s event. In return for a $100 donation, your business will be included in the&nbsp;Robots in the Wild Community Scavenger Hunt&nbsp;and will receive a robot to display at your business. This year we plan to utilize “Goosechace,” an app-based interactive scavenger hunt, to promote family engagement and exploring Great Bend. Funds will be used to purchase “Family Fun Prizes” to encourage families to participate in the GB Reads activities.

<a href="https://68fe.edulnk.com/e/jrcdk/mXjwTK?__$u__&amp;nk=NjU0YThkMTkzYTU2ZDI1YjE0MmU0YjJkLGNvbGUucmVpZkBnbWFpbC5jb206OjpvZ3pxcTQ0amt3azNmd3Vn" target="_blank">Click here</a>&nbsp;to register your "Book Buddy Business" or simply email&nbsp;<a href="https://68fe.edulnk.com/e/jrcdk/EZcrjC?__$u__&amp;nk=NjU0YThkMTkzYTU2ZDI1YjE0MmU0YjJkLGNvbGUucmVpZkBnbWFpbC5jb206OjpvZ3pxcTQ0amt3azNmd3Vn" target="_blank">Andrea.Bauer@usd428.net</a>

Please make your check payable to: USD 428 Education Foundation ℅: Andrea Bauer 201 S Patton Rd. Great Bend, KS 67530

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/11/1699454688578.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>The 2024 Great Bend Reading Initiative will kick off on Monday, January 8 with the book&nbsp;The Wild Robot, by Peter Brown. Over 6 weeks, students and families will be invited to experience the story with reading prompts &amp; activities, guest speakers in school, community exploration, and more!The Great Bend Reading Initiative is open to all elementary-aged students in our community with opportunities for both older and younger students to join the fun. Programming is presented in partnership with the Great Bend USD 428, Great Bend Public Library, Kansas Wetlands Education Center, KSTATE Research and Extension - Cottonwood District, Barton Community College, and numerous local businesses like yours!Event Highlights Include:<ul>
 <li>Free book for all USD 428 students, Kindergarten through 6th-Grade</li><li>GB Public Library Robot Training/STEM Day, Jan. 27</li><li>Classroom visits from the Kansas Wetlands Education Center, Barton Community College STEM, Shafer Art Gallery, and K-State Research &amp; Extension</li><li>Choice boards and ideas to get the family involved</li><li>Robots in the Wild Community Scavenger Hunt</li><li>A chance to win one of several family prize packages!</li>
 </ul><h2>Become a Book Buddy Business by sponsoring the 2024 Great Bend Reading Initiative!</h2>We invite local businesses to sponsor this year’s event. In return for a $100 donation, your business will be included in the&nbsp;Robots in the Wild Community Scavenger Hunt&nbsp;and will receive a robot to display at your business. This year we plan to utilize “Goosechace,” an app-based interactive scavenger hunt, to promote family engagement and exploring Great Bend. Funds will be used to purchase “Family Fun Prizes” to encourage families to participate in the GB Reads activities.<a href="https://68fe.edulnk.com/e/jrcdk/mXjwTK?__$u__&amp;nk=NjU0YThkMTkzYTU2ZDI1YjE0MmU0YjJkLGNvbGUucmVpZkBnbWFpbC5jb206OjpvZ3pxcTQ0amt3azNmd3Vn" target="_blank">Click here</a>&nbsp;to register your "Book Buddy Business" or simply email&nbsp;<a href="https://68fe.edulnk.com/e/jrcdk/EZcrjC?__$u__&amp;nk=NjU0YThkMTkzYTU2ZDI1YjE0MmU0YjJkLGNvbGUucmVpZkBnbWFpbC5jb206OjpvZ3pxcTQ0amt3azNmd3Vn" target="_blank">Andrea.Bauer@usd428.net</a>Please make your check payable to: USD 428 Education Foundation ℅: Andrea Bauer 201 S Patton Rd. Great Bend, KS 67530

A community reading initiative in Great Bend

In early childhood, we teach routines to help children feel safe. When children know what is happening next in their world, they are less likely to feel anxious or worried. Brush, Book, Bed is a routine and structure you can create for children to help them prepare for bed. Brush, Book, Bed is a program by the American Academy of Pediatrics to educate families with children to combine oral health and bedtime routines. This program has been implemented by safety net clinics, Parents as Teachers, and Healthy families in Kansas.

Brush: Each night assist your child in brushing their teeth. If teeth haven’t come in use a soft washcloth to wipe your baby’s gums before bed. This helps them get used to the sensory experience of having something put into their mouth, which will hopefully make brushing teeth easier when those pearly whites pop through. Be gentle, make it a game, smile and help your baby feel comfortable. It’s okay to let your child practice brushing, but they need your help to do the best job. Until they can write in cursive or tie their own shoes, they do not have the fine motor skills to be able to properly brush their teeth on their own.

Book: After you have helped them brush their teeth, it is time to read. Let your child pick a book. Let them be in charge, follow their lead. You don’t have to read word for word for them to have fun. Ask them questions about the pictures. Even as kids get older and can read on their own, this may be a good time to connect with your child at the end of the day. Many parents have fond memories of reading a chapter or two of longer novels with their children in the evening.

Bed: After brushing teeth and reading together, it’s time to go to bed. Make daytime playtime! Play and exercise during the day will help your children sleep at night. To prevent tooth decay, avoid putting babies in bed with a bottle of milk or juice. Breastfeeding at night is okay, since breastmilk alone does not cause cavities, according to Kansas Cavity Free Kids.

Try to start this routine at about the same time every night, about 30 minutes before bedtime, so that you have enough time to brush teeth, read together, and go to sleep. For more tips visit: www.healthychildren.org/brushbookbed

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>In early childhood, we teach routines to help children feel safe. When children know what is happening next in their world, they are less likely to feel anxious or worried. Brush, Book, Bed is a routine and structure you can create for children to help them prepare for bed. Brush, Book, Bed is a program by the American Academy of Pediatrics to educate families with children to combine oral health and bedtime routines. This program has been implemented by safety net clinics, Parents as Teachers, and Healthy families in Kansas.Brush: Each night assist your child in brushing their teeth. If teeth haven’t come in use a soft washcloth to wipe your baby’s gums before bed. This helps them get used to the sensory experience of having something put into their mouth, which will hopefully make brushing teeth easier when those pearly whites pop through. Be gentle, make it a game, smile and help your baby feel comfortable. It’s okay to let your child practice brushing, but they need your help to do the best job. Until they can write in cursive or tie their own shoes, they do not have the fine motor skills to be able to properly brush their teeth on their own.Book: After you have helped them brush their teeth, it is time to read. Let your child pick a book. Let them be in charge, follow their lead. You don’t have to read word for word for them to have fun. Ask them questions about the pictures. Even as kids get older and can read on their own, this may be a good time to connect with your child at the end of the day. Many parents have fond memories of reading a chapter or two of longer novels with their children in the evening.Bed: After brushing teeth and reading together, it’s time to go to bed. Make daytime playtime! Play and exercise during the day will help your children sleep at night. To prevent tooth decay, avoid putting babies in bed with a bottle of milk or juice. Breastfeeding at night is okay, since breastmilk alone does not cause cavities, according to Kansas Cavity Free Kids.Try to start this routine at about the same time every night, about 30 minutes before bedtime, so that you have enough time to brush teeth, read together, and go to sleep. For more tips visit: www.healthychildren.org/brushbookbedMonique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: Brush, book, bed

The holiday season is around the corner, and this means that the kitchen will likely become a busy place as we prepare meals to gather around. As you prepare tasty dishes to share, be conscious of the possibility of sharing illness too. I found these tips from K-State food scientist, Karen Blakeslee, especially helpful for preventing cross-contamination:

“We use the kitchen sink for food preparation and more,” Blakeslee said. “The possibility exists for foodborne illness-causing bacteria to hang out in the sink too. These bacteria could cross-contaminate your food and make you sick.”

Blakeslee added that a recent USDA study tested surfaces where participants prepared a breakfast meal with raw sausage, shell eggs, and a fruit salad made with cut-up cantaloupe. Test results showed that 34% of the sinks were contaminated after preparing the meal.

Even more scary, 26% of the samples of cut-up cantaloupe from the fruit salad were contaminated after breakfast prep.

“The bacteria in the sink or on your hands can cross-contaminate from the sink to other items, including those you normally eat raw. This means you’ll be eating that bacteria too,” Blakeslee said.

After using your sink to wash or prepare food, clean and sanitize the sink:

1) Use warm, soapy water to wash the sink. Wipe it clean with paper towels.

2) Use a sanitizer and let air dry. Sanitizers can be homemade (1 tablespoon of liquid chlorine bleach per gallon of water) or use a commercial sanitizer or sanitizing wipe.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>The holiday season is around the corner, and this means that the kitchen will likely become a busy place as we prepare meals to gather around. As you prepare tasty dishes to share, be conscious of the possibility of sharing illness too. I found these tips from K-State food scientist, Karen Blakeslee, especially helpful for preventing cross-contamination:“We use the kitchen sink for food preparation and more,” Blakeslee said. “The possibility exists for foodborne illness-causing bacteria to hang out in the sink too. These bacteria could cross-contaminate your food and make you sick.”Blakeslee added that a recent USDA study tested surfaces where participants prepared a breakfast meal with raw sausage, shell eggs, and a fruit salad made with cut-up cantaloupe. Test results showed that 34% of the sinks were contaminated after preparing the meal.Even more scary, 26% of the samples of cut-up cantaloupe from the fruit salad were contaminated after breakfast prep.“The bacteria in the sink or on your hands can cross-contaminate from the sink to other items, including those you normally eat raw. This means you’ll be eating that bacteria too,” Blakeslee said.After using your sink to wash or prepare food, clean and sanitize the sink:1) Use warm, soapy water to wash the sink. Wipe it clean with paper towels.2) Use a sanitizer and let air dry. Sanitizers can be homemade (1 tablespoon of liquid chlorine bleach per gallon of water) or use a commercial sanitizer or sanitizing wipe.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: Food safety tip - clean the kitchen sink

The weeks between harvest and when snow flies can be a good time to evaluate and perform maintenance on terraces. In Kansas, over 9 million acres of land is protected by more than 290,000 miles of terraces, making Kansas #2 in the U.S. for this soil and water conservation practice. To accomplish the goal of erosion control and water savings, terraces must have adequate capacity, ridge height, and channel width.

Without adequate capacity to carry water, terraces will be overtopped by runoff in a heavy storm. Overtopping causes erosion of the terrace ridge, terrace back slope, and lower terraces and may result in severe gullies. Terraces are typically designed to handle runoff from a 1-in-10-year storm. The rainfall amounts for such a storm are approximately five inches for eastern Kansas, four inches for central, and three inches for western Kansas during a 24-hour period.

Terraces need regular maintenance to function for a long life. Erosion by water, wind, and tillage wears the ridge down and deposits sediment in the channel, decreasing the effective ridge height, and channel capacity. The amount of capacity loss depends on the type and number of tillage operations, topography, soil properties, crop residue, and precipitation. Terrace maintenance restores capacity by removing sediment from the channel and rebuilding ridge height.

Typically, more frequent maintenance is required for steep slopes and/or highly erodible soils. Annual maintenance is necessary for intense tillage operations and heavy rainfall runoff. Less frequent maintenance is often adequate with high residue levels or where lower rainfall occurs and runoff intensity is low.

Check for needed repairs - terraces degrade naturally by erosion and sediment, and can be damaged by machinery, animals, settling, and erosion. Check terraces and terrace outlets regularly (at least annually) for needed repairs. The best time to check is after rains, when erosion, sedimentation, and unevenness in elevation are easiest to spot. Specific items to note are overtopping, low or narrow terrace ridges, water ponding in the channel, terrace outlets, erosion, and sediment clogging near waterway or pipe outlets.

Terraces should be considered only a part of an overall erosion control plan. Use of conservation farming methods, especially residue maintenance, compliments erosion control structures and has been shown to be both economically and environmentally sound.

Information provided by DeAnn Presley, K-State Soil Management Specialist. Additional sources for technical information include local USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service and County Conservation District offices.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>The weeks between harvest and when snow flies can be a good time to evaluate and perform maintenance on terraces. In Kansas, over 9 million acres of land is protected by more than 290,000 miles of terraces, making Kansas #2 in the U.S. for this soil and water conservation practice. To accomplish the goal of erosion control and water savings, terraces must have adequate capacity, ridge height, and channel width.Without adequate capacity to carry water, terraces will be overtopped by runoff in a heavy storm. Overtopping causes erosion of the terrace ridge, terrace back slope, and lower terraces and may result in severe gullies. Terraces are typically designed to handle runoff from a 1-in-10-year storm. The rainfall amounts for such a storm are approximately five inches for eastern Kansas, four inches for central, and three inches for western Kansas during a 24-hour period.Terraces need regular maintenance to function for a long life. Erosion by water, wind, and tillage wears the ridge down and deposits sediment in the channel, decreasing the effective ridge height, and channel capacity. The amount of capacity loss depends on the type and number of tillage operations, topography, soil properties, crop residue, and precipitation. Terrace maintenance restores capacity by removing sediment from the channel and rebuilding ridge height.Typically, more frequent maintenance is required for steep slopes and/or highly erodible soils. Annual maintenance is necessary for intense tillage operations and heavy rainfall runoff. Less frequent maintenance is often adequate with high residue levels or where lower rainfall occurs and runoff intensity is low.Check for needed repairs - terraces degrade naturally by erosion and sediment, and can be damaged by machinery, animals, settling, and erosion. Check terraces and terrace outlets regularly (at least annually) for needed repairs. The best time to check is after rains, when erosion, sedimentation, and unevenness in elevation are easiest to spot. Specific items to note are overtopping, low or narrow terrace ridges, water ponding in the channel, terrace outlets, erosion, and sediment clogging near waterway or pipe outlets.Terraces should be considered only a part of an overall erosion control plan. Use of conservation farming methods, especially residue maintenance, compliments erosion control structures and has been shown to be both economically and environmentally sound.Information provided by DeAnn Presley, K-State Soil Management Specialist. Additional sources for technical information include local USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service and County Conservation District offices.

CAMPBELL: Check terraces now for needed repairs and maintenance

The words “holiday” and “healthy” usually aren’t found together, especially when it comes to food. Indulgent treats and drinks are a tradition for the holiday season, and they should be enjoyed! People are brought together around meals to celebrate, create lasting memories, and connect with others. However, the holiday season can be a difficult time to maintain good health, and many find weight management a challenge during the winter months. Many assume this is because of high-calorie foods, but many other factors play into winter weight gain. People are less active, tend to drink more alcohol, and some have irregular circadian rhythms. All these obstacles can result in unwanted weight gain, and this is why it’s important to learn how to make a health plan for the winter months.

One of the most important ways to stick to your health plan is to get into a routine before the gatherings begin. Creating a healthy eating plan, exercise regimen, and sleep schedule are all important to start before you relax for the holidays. Once a healthy lifestyle is a habit, it is much easier to get back on track after the holiday season.

If you are looking for more tips related to holiday health, the Great Bend Activity Center will host an event called Focus on the ‘Stars’: Cooking Healthy for the Holidays on November 15, 2023, at noon. Key topics will include ingredient substitutions, indoor physical activity, and leftovers. Finally, those who join will get to sample a healthy take on a holiday treat!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>The words “holiday” and “healthy” usually aren’t found together, especially when it comes to food. Indulgent treats and drinks are a tradition for the holiday season, and they should be enjoyed! People are brought together around meals to celebrate, create lasting memories, and connect with others. However, the holiday season can be a difficult time to maintain good health, and many find weight management a challenge during the winter months. Many assume this is because of high-calorie foods, but many other factors play into winter weight gain. People are less active, tend to drink more alcohol, and some have irregular circadian rhythms. All these obstacles can result in unwanted weight gain, and this is why it’s important to learn how to make a health plan for the winter months.One of the most important ways to stick to your health plan is to get into a routine before the gatherings begin. Creating a healthy eating plan, exercise regimen, and sleep schedule are all important to start before you relax for the holidays. Once a healthy lifestyle is a habit, it is much easier to get back on track after the holiday season.If you are looking for more tips related to holiday health, the Great Bend Activity Center will host an event called Focus on the ‘Stars’: Cooking Healthy for the Holidays on November 15, 2023, at noon. Key topics will include ingredient substitutions, indoor physical activity, and leftovers. Finally, those who join will get to sample a healthy take on a holiday treat!Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: Health management during the holidays

The Central Kansas Beef Summit Program will be Held in&nbsp;Beloit, Kansas&nbsp;on Tuesday, Nov. 14, 2023,&nbsp;from&nbsp;9:00 am&nbsp;–3:15pm. The event will be highlighted by a&nbsp;presentation on marketing strategies&nbsp;for beef cattle by Lynn Langvardt of JCCC Livestock Sales&nbsp;and a Market Outlook and Update&nbsp;from K-State specialist, Dr. Glynn Tonsor.

In addition to the speakers, the program will offer breakout sessions where attendees can&nbsp;pick and choose which topics apply to them. This year’s topics will&nbsp;include a&nbsp;presentation and&nbsp;demonstration of&nbsp;the Ag Manager&nbsp;decision tools by&nbsp;Robin Reid with the&nbsp;KSU Agricultural&nbsp;Economics&nbsp;Department, Rob Paxson with 701x&nbsp;will present on the company’s record keeping&nbsp;system and products, and Will Boyer with KSU will discuss utilizing&nbsp;drones as a way to manage&nbsp;your pasture.&nbsp;We will end the program with&nbsp;a Q&amp;A panel where we’ll hear from&nbsp;local&nbsp;livestock&nbsp;producers and&nbsp;industry professionals discuss technologies&nbsp;and strategies that are being&nbsp;implemented in the beef industry.

The&nbsp;summit will be&nbsp;held in&nbsp;Beloit,&nbsp;Kansas at&nbsp;the Beloit Methodist Church at&nbsp;801 N. Bell&nbsp;St. This program&nbsp;will be a collaboration among numerous K-State Research and Extension&nbsp;districts and will give producers a better chance to not only hear from industry leaders, but to&nbsp;also take part in conversation with one another. Make&nbsp;sure to RSVP by&nbsp;November 7th&nbsp;to reserve a meal.&nbsp;The cost to attend is $10&nbsp;or&nbsp;late&nbsp;registration will be $15 at the door.

For more information on&nbsp;the event, or to register, visit&nbsp;our&nbsp;Post Rock Extension website&nbsp;or call&nbsp;Livestock Production Agent, Blaire Todd,&nbsp;at 785-738-3597.&nbsp;This event has been generously sponsored by several agribusinesses in collaboration with K-State Research and Extension Districts, Central KS, Cottonwood, Midway, River Valley,&nbsp;Phillips/Rooks, and Post Rock.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>The Central Kansas Beef Summit Program will be Held in&nbsp;Beloit, Kansas&nbsp;on Tuesday, Nov. 14, 2023,&nbsp;from&nbsp;9:00 am&nbsp;–3:15pm. The event will be highlighted by a&nbsp;presentation on marketing strategies&nbsp;for beef cattle by Lynn Langvardt of JCCC Livestock Sales&nbsp;and a Market Outlook and Update&nbsp;from K-State specialist, Dr. Glynn Tonsor.In addition to the speakers, the program will offer breakout sessions where attendees can&nbsp;pick and choose which topics apply to them. This year’s topics will&nbsp;include a&nbsp;presentation and&nbsp;demonstration of&nbsp;the Ag Manager&nbsp;decision tools by&nbsp;Robin Reid with the&nbsp;KSU Agricultural&nbsp;Economics&nbsp;Department, Rob Paxson with 701x&nbsp;will present on the company’s record keeping&nbsp;system and products, and Will Boyer with KSU will discuss utilizing&nbsp;drones as a way to manage&nbsp;your pasture.&nbsp;We will end the program with&nbsp;a Q&amp;A panel where we’ll hear from&nbsp;local&nbsp;livestock&nbsp;producers and&nbsp;industry professionals discuss technologies&nbsp;and strategies that are being&nbsp;implemented in the beef industry.The&nbsp;summit will be&nbsp;held in&nbsp;Beloit,&nbsp;Kansas at&nbsp;the Beloit Methodist Church at&nbsp;801 N. Bell&nbsp;St. This program&nbsp;will be a collaboration among numerous K-State Research and Extension&nbsp;districts and will give producers a better chance to not only hear from industry leaders, but to&nbsp;also take part in conversation with one another. Make&nbsp;sure to RSVP by&nbsp;November 7th&nbsp;to reserve a meal.&nbsp;The cost to attend is $10&nbsp;or&nbsp;late&nbsp;registration will be $15 at the door.For more information on&nbsp;the event, or to register, visit&nbsp;our&nbsp;Post Rock Extension website&nbsp;or call&nbsp;Livestock Production Agent, Blaire Todd,&nbsp;at 785-738-3597.&nbsp;This event has been generously sponsored by several agribusinesses in collaboration with K-State Research and Extension Districts, Central KS, Cottonwood, Midway, River Valley,&nbsp;Phillips/Rooks, and Post Rock.&nbsp;We&nbsp;look forward to you joining us!Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Research and Extension is a short name for the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, a program designed to generate and distribute useful knowledge for the well-being of Kansans. Supported by county, state, federal and private funds, the program has county Extension offices, experiment fields, area Extension offices and regional research centers statewide. Its headquarters is on the K-State campus in Manhattan.&nbsp;K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Central Kansas Beef Summit

Do you like water conservation and really want to convey the message to the public?&nbsp; Well, have I got the position for you!&nbsp; 4-H Water Ambassadors are a group of teens in Barton and Ellis County that focus on the importance of water quality, water conservation, and water careers.

My name is Jonas Kern and I’m a sophomore at Ellinwood High School.&nbsp; I have been a 4-H20 ambassador for 2 years.&nbsp; My favorite part of being an ambassador with this program is the opportunity to learn and present.&nbsp; I am heavily involved in the wildlife project within 4-H.&nbsp; Teaching about the importance of water as a natural resource helped me reach my project goals.

To be a water ambassador, teens must apply to join and then attend two training sessions where they learn about different leadership and presentation skills.&nbsp; After training in Hays, the ambassador team gets to tour the municipal water treatment plant, and the wastewater treatment plant.&nbsp; There are a lot of steps to ensure we have clean and safe drinking water!&nbsp; The other training is held at the Kansas Wetlands Education Center, and we get to tour the Cheyenne Bottoms wetland and learn how water acts and affects the environment.&nbsp; During the training, we learn to lead activities to teach others about water.&nbsp; I personally like to lead the “Incredible Journey.”&nbsp; It is an activity where you become a water molecule and travel through the water cycle.&nbsp; You might end up in an animal, a cloud, or an ocean.&nbsp; Students create a bracelet with beads to remind them of their trip through the hydrosphere.&nbsp; I led the activity at the state 4-H Discovery Days and at the Barton County Fair.

And that is what water ambassadors is all about.&nbsp; After we learn how to do cool activities, we go out and lead presentations at a variety of places, like the Hays Public Library, Sternberg Museum, or the Kansas Wetlands Education Center.&nbsp; We are always looking for opportunities to present for other organizations.

If you are interested in being an ambassador or want the ambassadors to present at your event, contact the Cottonwood District Extension Office.&nbsp; Michelle Beran in Barton County at 620-793-1910 or&nbsp;<a href="mailto:BT@listserv.ksu.edu">BT@listserv.ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;and Tamara Robertson in Ellis County at 785-628-9430 or&nbsp;<a href="mailto:el@listserv.ksu.edu">el@listserv.ksu.edu</a>.&nbsp; Applications for the 2023-2024 team will be due December 1.

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:mberan@ksu.edu">mberan@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.&nbsp;Kansas State University is committed to making its services, activities and programs accessible to all participants. If you have special requirements due to a physical, vision, or hearing disability.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698420761669.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Do you like water conservation and really want to convey the message to the public?&nbsp; Well, have I got the position for you!&nbsp; 4-H Water Ambassadors are a group of teens in Barton and Ellis County that focus on the importance of water quality, water conservation, and water careers.My name is Jonas Kern and I’m a sophomore at Ellinwood High School.&nbsp; I have been a 4-H20 ambassador for 2 years.&nbsp; My favorite part of being an ambassador with this program is the opportunity to learn and present.&nbsp; I am heavily involved in the wildlife project within 4-H.&nbsp; Teaching about the importance of water as a natural resource helped me reach my project goals.To be a water ambassador, teens must apply to join and then attend two training sessions where they learn about different leadership and presentation skills.&nbsp; After training in Hays, the ambassador team gets to tour the municipal water treatment plant, and the wastewater treatment plant.&nbsp; There are a lot of steps to ensure we have clean and safe drinking water!&nbsp; The other training is held at the Kansas Wetlands Education Center, and we get to tour the Cheyenne Bottoms wetland and learn how water acts and affects the environment.&nbsp; During the training, we learn to lead activities to teach others about water.&nbsp; I personally like to lead the “Incredible Journey.”&nbsp; It is an activity where you become a water molecule and travel through the water cycle.&nbsp; You might end up in an animal, a cloud, or an ocean.&nbsp; Students create a bracelet with beads to remind them of their trip through the hydrosphere.&nbsp; I led the activity at the state 4-H Discovery Days and at the Barton County Fair.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698420803893.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>And that is what water ambassadors is all about.&nbsp; After we learn how to do cool activities, we go out and lead presentations at a variety of places, like the Hays Public Library, Sternberg Museum, or the Kansas Wetlands Education Center.&nbsp; We are always looking for opportunities to present for other organizations.If you are interested in being an ambassador or want the ambassadors to present at your event, contact the Cottonwood District Extension Office.&nbsp; Michelle Beran in Barton County at 620-793-1910 or&nbsp;<a href="mailto:BT@listserv.ksu.edu">BT@listserv.ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;and Tamara Robertson in Ellis County at 785-628-9430 or&nbsp;<a href="mailto:el@listserv.ksu.edu">el@listserv.ksu.edu</a>.&nbsp; Applications for the 2023-2024 team will be due December 1.Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:mberan@ksu.edu">mberan@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.&nbsp;Kansas State University is committed to making its services, activities and programs accessible to all participants. If you have special requirements due to a physical, vision, or hearing disability.

BERAN: Teenagers can become water ambassadors in Barton Co. 

From chilling tales to creepy costumes, lots of things can be scary on Halloween night. But the real danger for children is walking in the dark. On average, children are more than twice as likely to be hit by a car and killed on Halloween than any other day of the year, according to Safe Kids Worldwide. And the leading cause of injury is falls. Make sure children know the rules of the road and are as visible as possible at night.

Travel together. Avoid letting children walk alone and walk in large groups with a responsible adult.

Brighten up. Fasten reflective tape to kids’ costumes and treat bags so drivers can see them at night. Brightly colored costumes are better for kids.

Look both ways. Tell your children to look both ways before crossing the street and to use crosswalks

Stay on sidewalks. Walk on sidewalks whenever possible, or on the far edge of the road facing traffic to stay safe.

See and be seen. Give children a flashlight or glow stick to hold while trick or treating to help them see, and to hope others see them while they walk and never run from house to house.

Costumes should allow your child to see and move safely while they’re out and about.

Use make-up instead of masks to children can see better. Test make-up for sensitivity and remove before bedtime to prevent possible skin and eye irritation.

Make sure costumes and shoes are well fitted so they are less likely to fall.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>written by: Monique Koerner - Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>From chilling tales to creepy costumes, lots of things can be scary on Halloween night. But the real danger for children is walking in the dark. On average, children are more than twice as likely to be hit by a car and killed on Halloween than any other day of the year, according to Safe Kids Worldwide. And the leading cause of injury is falls. Make sure children know the rules of the road and are as visible as possible at night.Here are some tips to help you prepare:Travel together. Avoid letting children walk alone and walk in large groups with a responsible adult.Brighten up. Fasten reflective tape to kids’ costumes and treat bags so drivers can see them at night. Brightly colored costumes are better for kids.Look both ways. Tell your children to look both ways before crossing the street and to use crosswalksStay on sidewalks. Walk on sidewalks whenever possible, or on the far edge of the road facing traffic to stay safe.See and be seen. Give children a flashlight or glow stick to hold while trick or treating to help them see, and to hope others see them while they walk and never run from house to house.Costumes should allow your child to see and move safely while they’re out and about.Use make-up instead of masks to children can see better. Test make-up for sensitivity and remove before bedtime to prevent possible skin and eye irritation.Make sure costumes and shoes are well fitted so they are less likely to fall.Use battery operated lights instead of candles.Feed your trick-or-treaters dinner or a snack before going out so they can resist the temptation to open a piece of candy before it’s inspected.Check candy when you get home and look for evidence of tampering. Throw away homemade treats and check labels if your child has any allergies.Put electronic devices down, keep heads up. Make eye contact with drivers before crossing in front of them.Halloween is about making memories. Keeping children safe throughout the festivities depends on everyone-- parents and kids, drivers and pedestrians-- being thoughtful, attentive and careful.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.