This article written by Dorivar Ruiz Diaz, K-State Extension Nutrient Management Specialist, gives a great summary on planning the best wheat fertility program through timely soil testing. It addresses the correlation between the amount of fall nitrate-N in the soil profile and wheat yield.

Taking 24-inch soil profile-N samples in the fall has been a recommended practice for making an N recommendation for winter wheat for many years. However, due to the mobility of nitrate-N in the soil, soil test values observed in the fall may be different from values observed in the spring, particularly on soils prone to leaching. Because many producers wait until spring green-up to make their N application, does soil sampling in the fall for nitrate-N, really provide useful information for N management in wheat? That is a legitimate question.

Analysis of yields taken from K-State research plots that received no N fertilizer shows a strong positive relationship with fall soil profile nitrate-N level and wheat yield.

We found that at low soil nitrate levels, wheat yields responded well to applied N fertilizer in the fall. We also found that when fall soil profile nitrate-N levels are greater than 80 to 100 lbs./acre, it is unlikely the site will respond to additional fertilizer N applied in the spring.

In short, a strong relationship was found between wheat yield and fall nitrate-N levels from 24-inch profile soil test analyses when no N fertilizer was applied. Although new practices have been developed to improve N management in winter wheat, soil sampling in the fall for nitrate-N remains an important practice to manage N efficiently and can result in considerable savings for producers.

When soil sampling for N is not done, the K-State fertilizer recommendation formula defaults to a standard value of 30 lbs./acre available N in the soil profile. In this particular dataset, the average profile N level was 39 lbs. N/acre. However, the N level at individual sites ranged from 11 to 197 lbs. N/acre. Most recommendation systems default to a standardized set of N recommendations based on yield goal and/or the cost of N. Without sampling for N or using some alternative method of measuring the soil’s ability to supply N to a crop, such as crop sensing, the recommendations made for N will

be inaccurate, resulting in a reduction in yield or profit per acre and increased environmental impact.

Failure to account for the N present in the soil wastes a valuable resource and can result in excess foliage, increased plant disease, inefficient use of soil water, and reduced yield. Twenty-four-inch profile soil sampling in fall for nitrate-N can have a significant impact on N recommendations and profitability for winter wheat in Kansas soils.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1574181994278.png" alt="Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>This article written by Dorivar Ruiz Diaz, K-State Extension Nutrient Management Specialist, gives a great summary on planning the best wheat fertility program through timely soil testing. It addresses the correlation between the amount of fall nitrate-N in the soil profile and wheat yield.Taking 24-inch soil profile-N samples in the fall has been a recommended practice for making an N recommendation for winter wheat for many years. However, due to the mobility of nitrate-N in the soil, soil test values observed in the fall may be different from values observed in the spring, particularly on soils prone to leaching. Because many producers wait until spring green-up to make their N application, does soil sampling in the fall for nitrate-N, really provide useful information for N management in wheat? That is a legitimate question.Analysis of yields taken from K-State research plots that received no N fertilizer shows a strong positive relationship with fall soil profile nitrate-N level and wheat yield.We found that at low soil nitrate levels, wheat yields responded well to applied N fertilizer in the fall. We also found that when fall soil profile nitrate-N levels are greater than 80 to 100 lbs./acre, it is unlikely the site will respond to additional fertilizer N applied in the spring.In short, a strong relationship was found between wheat yield and fall nitrate-N levels from 24-inch profile soil test analyses when no N fertilizer was applied. Although new practices have been developed to improve N management in winter wheat, soil sampling in the fall for nitrate-N remains an important practice to manage N efficiently and can result in considerable savings for producers.When soil sampling for N is not done, the K-State fertilizer recommendation formula defaults to a standard value of 30 lbs./acre available N in the soil profile. In this particular dataset, the average profile N level was 39 lbs. N/acre. However, the N level at individual sites ranged from 11 to 197 lbs. N/acre. Most recommendation systems default to a standardized set of N recommendations based on yield goal and/or the cost of N. Without sampling for N or using some alternative method of measuring the soil’s ability to supply N to a crop, such as crop sensing, the recommendations made for N willbe inaccurate, resulting in a reduction in yield or profit per acre and increased environmental impact.Failure to account for the N present in the soil wastes a valuable resource and can result in excess foliage, increased plant disease, inefficient use of soil water, and reduced yield. Twenty-four-inch profile soil sampling in fall for nitrate-N can have a significant impact on N recommendations and profitability for winter wheat in Kansas soils.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Fall profile nitrate-N level and wheat yield

Have you ever run into the grocery store for just one or two items then realized that your arms were overflowing?

Life can be like that and especially for our youth! It is easy to over-schedule or underestimate the time needed to accomplish tasks and, suddenly, our day or week have been become overwhelming!

It is important to think about our options. Just like making the decision to grab a cart when our groceries are more than we planned, where do we need help? Do we need to put some things back, both at the grocery store or in life? Are there some things that we realize we don’t need at all?

4-H is about experiential learning and sometimes that learning includes how to balance. I encourage families to not take on too many projects at a time or take a reasonable number of entries to an event.

Some people thrive on dozens of balls in the air – they can make that grocery store run look effortless. Others maintain a streamlined focus – I need two items and two items is all I am picking up. I know that I fall somewhere in the middle most of the time! Youth need to see the adults in their world set parameters and ask for help when needed.

Yes, there are times when we are scrambling to hold everything. Be sure to stop and think about your bigger picture and what we teach young people when we must be “busy” all the time and can’t/won’t take time for a rest. That rest may be as simple as enjoying a star-filled sky, sharing a funny joke, or having lunch with a friend.

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

Kansas State University is committed to making its services, activities and programs accessible to all participants. If you have special requirements due to a physical, vision, or hearing disability.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1579114162620.jpeg" alt="written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Have you ever run into the grocery store for just one or two items then realized that your arms were overflowing?Life can be like that and especially for our youth! It is easy to over-schedule or underestimate the time needed to accomplish tasks and, suddenly, our day or week have been become overwhelming!It is important to think about our options. Just like making the decision to grab a cart when our groceries are more than we planned, where do we need help? Do we need to put some things back, both at the grocery store or in life? Are there some things that we realize we don’t need at all?4-H is about experiential learning and sometimes that learning includes how to balance. I encourage families to not take on too many projects at a time or take a reasonable number of entries to an event.Some people thrive on dozens of balls in the air – they can make that grocery store run look effortless. Others maintain a streamlined focus – I need two items and two items is all I am picking up. I know that I fall somewhere in the middle most of the time! Youth need to see the adults in their world set parameters and ask for help when needed.Yes, there are times when we are scrambling to hold everything. Be sure to stop and think about your bigger picture and what we teach young people when we must be “busy” all the time and can’t/won’t take time for a rest. That rest may be as simple as enjoying a star-filled sky, sharing a funny joke, or having lunch with a friend.Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.Kansas State University is committed to making its services, activities and programs accessible to all participants. If you have special requirements due to a physical, vision, or hearing disability.

BERAN: Life's grocery store trips

Last week our K-State Research and Extension specialists shared an update with us about the work being done related to mental health in Kansas. A Strength and Resiliency team is working to train Extension Educators in Kansas in both Mental Health First Aid, which several of our team members have completed, and the QPR program. QPR stands for question, persuade, and refer and targets suicide prevention training.

Since Sept. 4-10 is noted as National Suicide Prevention Week, it seems like the perfect place to provide basic information about suicide prevention and the warning signs of suicide. It also aims to reduce the stigma surrounding suicide and encourage the pursuit of mental health assistance because going to therapy should be as normalized as going to the gym.

Some of the things you can do this week to observe suicide prevention would be:

1) Raise awareness – One of the most helpful and effective ways we can observe Suicide Prevention Week is by raising awareness of it. We need to reduce the stigma around it so that more people can reach out for help.

2) Educate yourself – The best thing we can do is to learn more about it ourselves. We need to educate ourselves and facilitate proactive prevention in our communities so that we can shatter the silence around our mental health. About a year ago, my husband John, and I started attending the Suicide Prevention Task Force meetings. We always come away from the meetings with a “Wow, I had no idea” kind of feeling. Hearing from family members who have lost loved ones to suicide is heart wrenching but in the safe space at our meetings I know it is an important part of the healing process.

3) Look out for others – Many people suffering from poor mental health do not reach out for help for fear of being judged or misunderstood. We need to look out for others and check for warning signs. Find ways to help people feel heard and understood.

Some of the warning signs of suicide include:

· Talking about feeling hopeless or having no purpose

· Talking about being a burden to others

· Increasing the use of alcohol or drugs

If you or someone you know is in crisis, call the lifeline at 988 or text SAVE to 741741 for 24/7 anonymous, free crisis counseling.

Mark your calendars for a couple of upcoming events that our community has planned to raise awareness. The Suicide Prevention Task Force is hosting the 10th Annual Golden Belt Glow 4 Life one-mil walk and 5K remembrance ceremony on Saturday, Sept. 17. The 2nd annual Pedal for Prevention event will be on Sept. 24. It is a bike ride that starts by the skate park at Brit Spaugh and ends at the West shelter at Vets Park.

Registration forms for either event may be found at ckpartnership.org under the Suicide Prevention tab.

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family and Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Last week our K-State Research and Extension specialists shared an update with us about the work being done related to mental health in Kansas. A Strength and Resiliency team is working to train Extension Educators in Kansas in both Mental Health First Aid, which several of our team members have completed, and the QPR program. QPR stands for question, persuade, and refer and targets suicide prevention training.Since Sept. 4-10 is noted as National Suicide Prevention Week, it seems like the perfect place to provide basic information about suicide prevention and the warning signs of suicide. It also aims to reduce the stigma surrounding suicide and encourage the pursuit of mental health assistance because going to therapy should be as normalized as going to the gym.Some of the things you can do this week to observe suicide prevention would be:1) Raise awareness – One of the most helpful and effective ways we can observe Suicide Prevention Week is by raising awareness of it. We need to reduce the stigma around it so that more people can reach out for help.2) Educate yourself – The best thing we can do is to learn more about it ourselves. We need to educate ourselves and facilitate proactive prevention in our communities so that we can shatter the silence around our mental health. About a year ago, my husband John, and I started attending the Suicide Prevention Task Force meetings. We always come away from the meetings with a “Wow, I had no idea” kind of feeling. Hearing from family members who have lost loved ones to suicide is heart wrenching but in the safe space at our meetings I know it is an important part of the healing process.3) Look out for others – Many people suffering from poor mental health do not reach out for help for fear of being judged or misunderstood. We need to look out for others and check for warning signs. Find ways to help people feel heard and understood.Some of the warning signs of suicide include:· Talking about feeling hopeless or having no purpose· Talking about being a burden to others· Increasing the use of alcohol or drugs· Acting anxious, agitated, or reckless· Sleeping too little or too much· Withdrawing or feeling isolated.If you or someone you know is in crisis, call the lifeline at 988 or text SAVE to 741741 for 24/7 anonymous, free crisis counseling.Mark your calendars for a couple of upcoming events that our community has planned to raise awareness. The Suicide Prevention Task Force is hosting the 10th Annual Golden Belt Glow 4 Life one-mil walk and 5K remembrance ceremony on Saturday, Sept. 17. The 2nd annual Pedal for Prevention event will be on Sept. 24. It is a bike ride that starts by the skate park at Brit Spaugh and ends at the West shelter at Vets Park.Registration forms for either event may be found at ckpartnership.org under the Suicide Prevention tab.Donna Krug is the District Director and Family and Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider.

KRUG: Mental health promotion and prevention

Wheat planting is just around the corner, so now is the time to get your soil sampling done to have good information on which to base your fertilizer inputs.

The nutrients for which wheat is most likely to show responses statewide are nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Wheat is the most P-responsive crop we grow in Kansas, and while P removal with wheat may be less than with corn or soybeans, the relative yield response is often the highest. Therefore, knowledge of P soil test levels and fertilizer needs will be valuable

A standard 0-6 inch surface sample is normally used to test for pH and the non-mobile nutrients such as P and K. Phosphorus and potassium (K) are buffered processes in our Kansas soils. This simply means that the soil contains significant quantities of these nutrients, and the soil tests we commonly use provide an index value of the amounts available to the plant, not a true quantitative measure of the amounts present. In the case of P, most Kansas soils require about 18 pounds of P2O5 to increase 1 ppm in soil test P; for K is around 8 pounds K2O to increase 1 ppm K soil test.

In addition to requesting the standard soil tests of pH, P, and K from the 0-6 inch surface sample, producers might also want to monitor soil organic matter levels and micronutrients such as zinc (Zn). Zinc is not a nutrient commonly found deficient in wheat production. However, it is important for corn and grain sorghum. Thus including it in your sample package would be helpful for planning for these rotation crops.

Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important source of nutrients such as N and sulfur (S). When calculating the fertilizer needs for both these nutrients, SOM is taken into consideration. For wheat production, 10 pounds of available N and 2.5 pounds of S is credited for every 1% SOM in the soil.

In addition to pH, SOM, P, K, and Zn -- all of which are non-mobile in soils and accumulate in the surface – the mobile nutrients N, S, and chloride can provide significant yield responses when deficient in soils. Since all three of these nutrients are mobile in soils and tend to accumulate in the subsoil, we strongly recommend the use of a 0 to 24 inch profile soil sample prior to growing wheat, corn, or grain sorghum.

In summary, wheat producers in Kansas should consider soil testing to help in making accurate fertilizer decisions. Wheat producers specifically, should use surface 0-6 inch samples to determine the need for lime on low pH soils, P, K, Zn, and soil organic matter. They also should be using 24-inch profile soil tests for N, S, and Cl. Now is the time to get those samples taken, to ensure there will be enough time to consider those test results when planning your fall fertilizer programs.

Stacy Campbell is the Crop Production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1578070283981.png" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Wheat planting is just around the corner, so now is the time to get your soil sampling done to have good information on which to base your fertilizer inputs.The nutrients for which wheat is most likely to show responses statewide are nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Wheat is the most P-responsive crop we grow in Kansas, and while P removal with wheat may be less than with corn or soybeans, the relative yield response is often the highest. Therefore, knowledge of P soil test levels and fertilizer needs will be valuableA standard 0-6 inch surface sample is normally used to test for pH and the non-mobile nutrients such as P and K. Phosphorus and potassium (K) are buffered processes in our Kansas soils. This simply means that the soil contains significant quantities of these nutrients, and the soil tests we commonly use provide an index value of the amounts available to the plant, not a true quantitative measure of the amounts present. In the case of P, most Kansas soils require about 18 pounds of P2O5 to increase 1 ppm in soil test P; for K is around 8 pounds K2O to increase 1 ppm K soil test.In addition to requesting the standard soil tests of pH, P, and K from the 0-6 inch surface sample, producers might also want to monitor soil organic matter levels and micronutrients such as zinc (Zn). Zinc is not a nutrient commonly found deficient in wheat production. However, it is important for corn and grain sorghum. Thus including it in your sample package would be helpful for planning for these rotation crops.Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important source of nutrients such as N and sulfur (S). When calculating the fertilizer needs for both these nutrients, SOM is taken into consideration. For wheat production, 10 pounds of available N and 2.5 pounds of S is credited for every 1% SOM in the soil.In addition to pH, SOM, P, K, and Zn -- all of which are non-mobile in soils and accumulate in the surface – the mobile nutrients N, S, and chloride can provide significant yield responses when deficient in soils. Since all three of these nutrients are mobile in soils and tend to accumulate in the subsoil, we strongly recommend the use of a 0 to 24 inch profile soil sample prior to growing wheat, corn, or grain sorghum.In summary, wheat producers in Kansas should consider soil testing to help in making accurate fertilizer decisions. Wheat producers specifically, should use surface 0-6 inch samples to determine the need for lime on low pH soils, P, K, Zn, and soil organic matter. They also should be using 24-inch profile soil tests for N, S, and Cl. Now is the time to get those samples taken, to ensure there will be enough time to consider those test results when planning your fall fertilizer programs.Stacy Campbell is the Crop Production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Planning your wheat fertility program, start now by soil testing

By MIKE COURSON Great Bend Post

Rains on Saturday and Monday evening will help a little but not much. The state continues to suffer through a drought with now 72 percent of Kansas listed in at least a moderate drought, 57 percent at a severe level, and 32 percent in extreme conditions. Ten percent of the state, mostly in the southwest, is listed at exceptional drought.

Last week, the National Weather Service reported the 1.10 inches of rain in Wichita through July and August were the third-least since 1888. The 1.08 inches during that span in Sedan, located in the southeast part of the state, is the lowest on record. Closer to home, Russell reported 2.10 inches in July and August, the least on record since 1950. Kansas State University's Mesonet reports 12.25 inches of rainfall this year in Great Bend, nine inches shy of normal year. According to agronomists at K-State, before the recent rains, August was the third driest on record behind 2000 and 1913.

The conditions are impacting virtually all plants in the state. Alicia Boor, agriculture and natural resources agent in the Cottonwood District for K-State Research, said trees are usually easy to forget. But try pushing a shovel into the dry dirt, and that's also what trees are up against to survive.

"The root systems, those very end roots that are there as a feed root trying to get the nutrients, it can't push through the soil either," she said. "They tend to die back, compromising the root system and making your tree weaker."

Boor said, like any other plant, trees need water. Keeping trees healthy now can prevent damage even after drought conditions end.

"By watering trees a good 12-18 inches deep in this massive heat, every other week or every three weeks, is a really good way to keep your tree healthy so other things don't come in like borers and diseases," she said.  "That can then take out the tree maybe not this year but in a couple years because it's still stressed over what is happening now."

Crops have also been affected by the conditions, especially those not irrigated. Milo and corn are dying in the field, and wheat took a hit but largely survived ahead of the 2022 harvest this summer. Conditions now could have an effect on the 2023 crop.

"This year, one of the issues we're seeing is some milo is not putting heads out," Boor said. "It doesn't have enough water to even get to the stage where it's putting out the seeds the producers can harvest. Other portions, a lot of corn was cut for sileage early because there wasn't enough of an ear to be able to make the bushels of grain they needed."

While plants suffer, certain insects thrive in drought conditions, including aphids and grasshoppers. Boor said the grasshoppers are out there but she's received no complaints about them being worse than usual. Damage from elm leaf beetles has been abundant but can be reduced with proper tree care.

"Elm leaf beetles are a yearly occurrence and this year just seems to be worse," said Boor. "That could be just because there's not as much leaf matter out there. The trees drop what they can't support. In a severe drought, they're not going to push out as many leaves. We're just seeing it look worse. It goes back to keeping them well cared for, then the elm leaf beetle is not as big of a deal."

The bad news: scientists are already warning the drought will likely continue through 2023.&nbsp;"There are a couple different options that might help alleviate it," Boor said, "but most signs are pointing that we're going to stay in this drought for a little bit longer."

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/8/1661872681834.jpg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By MIKE COURSON Great Bend PostRains on Saturday and Monday evening will help a little but not much. The state continues to suffer through a drought with now 72 percent of Kansas listed in at least a moderate drought, 57 percent at a severe level, and 32 percent in extreme conditions. Ten percent of the state, mostly in the southwest, is listed at exceptional drought.Last week, the National Weather Service reported the 1.10 inches of rain in Wichita through July and August were the third-least since 1888. The 1.08 inches during that span in Sedan, located in the southeast part of the state, is the lowest on record. Closer to home, Russell reported 2.10 inches in July and August, the least on record since 1950. Kansas State University's Mesonet reports 12.25 inches of rainfall this year in Great Bend, nine inches shy of normal year. According to agronomists at K-State, before the recent rains, August was the third driest on record behind 2000 and 1913.The conditions are impacting virtually all plants in the state. Alicia Boor, agriculture and natural resources agent in the Cottonwood District for K-State Research, said trees are usually easy to forget. But try pushing a shovel into the dry dirt, and that's also what trees are up against to survive."The root systems, those very end roots that are there as a feed root trying to get the nutrients, it can't push through the soil either," she said. "They tend to die back, compromising the root system and making your tree weaker."Boor said, like any other plant, trees need water. Keeping trees healthy now can prevent damage even after drought conditions end."By watering trees a good 12-18 inches deep in this massive heat, every other week or every three weeks, is a really good way to keep your tree healthy so other things don't come in like borers and diseases," she said. "That can then take out the tree maybe not this year but in a couple years because it's still stressed over what is happening now."Crops have also been affected by the conditions, especially those not irrigated. Milo and corn are dying in the field, and wheat took a hit but largely survived ahead of the 2022 harvest this summer. Conditions now could have an effect on the 2023 crop."This year, one of the issues we're seeing is some milo is not putting heads out," Boor said. "It doesn't have enough water to even get to the stage where it's putting out the seeds the producers can harvest. Other portions, a lot of corn was cut for sileage early because there wasn't enough of an ear to be able to make the bushels of grain they needed."While plants suffer, certain insects thrive in drought conditions, including aphids and grasshoppers. Boor said the grasshoppers are out there but she's received no complaints about them being worse than usual. Damage from elm leaf beetles has been abundant but can be reduced with proper tree care."Elm leaf beetles are a yearly occurrence and this year just seems to be worse," said Boor. "That could be just because there's not as much leaf matter out there. The trees drop what they can't support. In a severe drought, they're not going to push out as many leaves. We're just seeing it look worse. It goes back to keeping them well cared for, then the elm leaf beetle is not as big of a deal."The bad news: scientists are already warning the drought will likely continue through 2023.&nbsp;"There are a couple different options that might help alleviate it," Boor said, "but most signs are pointing that we're going to stay in this drought for a little bit longer."

GB extension agent: Drought conditions impacting plant, insect life 

Beef cattle economic outlook, ongoing issues surrounding the transportation and cattle industry, and improving efficiency through feeding strategies and cattle comfort are among topics planned for the 2022 Kansas State University Beef Stocker Field Day on Thursday, Sept. 29.&nbsp;&nbsp;

The conference will be hosted at the K-State Beef Stocker Unit, located west of Manhattan off Marlatt Avenue.&nbsp;&nbsp;

“This year’s program reflects the challenging landscape our industry is experiencing,” said&nbsp;Dale Blasi, K-State Animal Sciences and Industry professor and beef cattle extension specialist. “The experiences and thoughts of our assembled speakers and panelists will provide insights as we progress into an unknown future.”&nbsp;&nbsp;

The day will start with a welcome at 9:30 a.m. and conclude around 5 p.m. Sponsoring this year’s event is Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Topics for this year’s agenda include: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Registration is $25 and due Sept. 15. Walk-in registration is available for $35. To register, go to&nbsp;asi.ksu.edu/stockerfieldday.More information also is available by contacting Lois Schreiner at 785-532-1267 or&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lschrein@ksu.edu" target="_blank">lschrein@ksu.edu</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Beef cattle economic outlook, ongoing issues surrounding the transportation and cattle industry, and improving efficiency through feeding strategies and cattle comfort are among topics planned for the 2022 Kansas State University Beef Stocker Field Day on Thursday, Sept. 29.&nbsp;&nbsp;The conference will be hosted at the K-State Beef Stocker Unit, located west of Manhattan off Marlatt Avenue.&nbsp;&nbsp;“This year’s program reflects the challenging landscape our industry is experiencing,” said&nbsp;Dale Blasi, K-State Animal Sciences and Industry professor and beef cattle extension specialist. “The experiences and thoughts of our assembled speakers and panelists will provide insights as we progress into an unknown future.”&nbsp;&nbsp;The day will start with a welcome at 9:30 a.m. and conclude around 5 p.m. Sponsoring this year’s event is Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health.&nbsp;&nbsp;Topics for this year’s agenda include: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<ul>
 <li>Beef cattle economic outlook.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Ongoing issues surrounding the transportation and cattle industries.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Evidence-based approach to improving stocker health and performance.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Triumphs and tribulations of respiratory disease in stocker calves.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Harnessing nature: How to use dung beetles to improve herd and pasture health.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Improving efficiency through feeding strategies and cattle comfort.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Native pasture burning strategies: Impacts on cattle performance and pasture vigor. &nbsp;&nbsp;</li>
 </ul>Registration is $25 and due Sept. 15. Walk-in registration is available for $35. To register, go to&nbsp;asi.ksu.edu/stockerfieldday.More information also is available by contacting Lois Schreiner at 785-532-1267 or&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lschrein@ksu.edu" target="_blank">lschrein@ksu.edu</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

BOOR: Beef cattle economic outlook

The past ten days have been a whirlwind of activity. Our Program Development Committee met to welcome Monique, our new Family and Community Wellness agent in the Hays office. Conversation was lively as we planned for some issue-based programming in the months ahead. Then three days on our K-State campus participating in an agent update reinforced the important work we do in Extension related to health and wellness in our communities.

We have all heard it a lot. The pandemic changed the way we do business. A hiring freeze with K-State Research and Extension was lifted late last year so many of the open Family and Community Wellness positions have been filled. There was good energy among the new hires at our conference and I loved it. I found out that many of them have an interest in some of the things I am passionate about. As my Extension career winds down and I retire early next year, I have a full schedule of classes and workshops to lead.

The fermentation workshop I mentioned in last week’s column now has a waiting list, so I am hoping to offer another session later this fall. Several colleagues at K-State asked if I would provide a “train the trainer” workshop for them to learn about fermentation so that is also in the works.

Then there is the signature program I have enjoyed teaching since I was trained in 2012; Stay Strong Stay Healthy. This eight-week program is designed to help older adults improve their strength, flexibility, and balance. When our class starts the last week of September, we’ll be missing Reta Brack, who passed away this summer. Reta sat in the front row of every SSSH class I led, and like many of the other participants, enjoyed the socialization as much as the exercises. To register for the last Stay Strong Stay Healthy workshop that I will be leading, you will want to call our office to reserve your spot. The cost is $20 and class size is limited.

I will be leading a one-hour Medicare Update at our Great Bend activity center on October 12th. As more people become eligible for Medicare it is a good time to review the basic parts of Medicare. My husband John, and I will also be providing appointments during open enrollment (October 15 – December 7) to help people review their prescription drug plan in either the Great Bend or Hays offices.

Besides the face-to-face programs that Extension is well-known for, watch our Cottonwood District website and Facebook page for messages and links to on-line learning resources that you can take advantage whenever you have a few spare moments.

Who would have guessed that when my Extension career started in Barton County in July 1989 (and I typed my column on a typewriter) that I would be talking about websites, internet links, and Zoom meetings in 2022? While a lot has changed technology wise, a lot remains the same. K-State Research and Extension and the Cottonwood District still want to be your go-to source for research-based information to help improve your life!

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family and Consumer Science Agent for K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at (620)792-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>The past ten days have been a whirlwind of activity. Our Program Development Committee met to welcome Monique, our new Family and Community Wellness agent in the Hays office. Conversation was lively as we planned for some issue-based programming in the months ahead. Then three days on our K-State campus participating in an agent update reinforced the important work we do in Extension related to health and wellness in our communities.We have all heard it a lot. The pandemic changed the way we do business. A hiring freeze with K-State Research and Extension was lifted late last year so many of the open Family and Community Wellness positions have been filled. There was good energy among the new hires at our conference and I loved it. I found out that many of them have an interest in some of the things I am passionate about. As my Extension career winds down and I retire early next year, I have a full schedule of classes and workshops to lead.The fermentation workshop I mentioned in last week’s column now has a waiting list, so I am hoping to offer another session later this fall. Several colleagues at K-State asked if I would provide a “train the trainer” workshop for them to learn about fermentation so that is also in the works.Then there is the signature program I have enjoyed teaching since I was trained in 2012; Stay Strong Stay Healthy. This eight-week program is designed to help older adults improve their strength, flexibility, and balance. When our class starts the last week of September, we’ll be missing Reta Brack, who passed away this summer. Reta sat in the front row of every SSSH class I led, and like many of the other participants, enjoyed the socialization as much as the exercises. To register for the last Stay Strong Stay Healthy workshop that I will be leading, you will want to call our office to reserve your spot. The cost is $20 and class size is limited.I will be leading a one-hour Medicare Update at our Great Bend activity center on October 12th. As more people become eligible for Medicare it is a good time to review the basic parts of Medicare. My husband John, and I will also be providing appointments during open enrollment (October 15 – December 7) to help people review their prescription drug plan in either the Great Bend or Hays offices.Besides the face-to-face programs that Extension is well-known for, watch our Cottonwood District website and Facebook page for messages and links to on-line learning resources that you can take advantage whenever you have a few spare moments.Who would have guessed that when my Extension career started in Barton County in July 1989 (and I typed my column on a typewriter) that I would be talking about websites, internet links, and Zoom meetings in 2022? While a lot has changed technology wise, a lot remains the same. K-State Research and Extension and the Cottonwood District still want to be your go-to source for research-based information to help improve your life!Donna Krug is the District Director and Family and Consumer Science Agent for K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at (620)792-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KRUG: Extension learning opportunities around the corner

On this episode of the Post Podcast, Cottonwood extension district agent Stacy Campbell shares information about the impacts and resources available to ag producers during the ongoing drought.

<a href="https://postpodcast.podbean.com/">For more about the Post Podcast, including a full list of episodes and episode transcripts click here.</a>

On this episode of the Post Podcast, Cottonwood extension district agent Stacy Campbell shares information about the impacts and resources available to ag producers during the ongoing drought. <div><iframe title="Cottonwood extension district offers resources for producers dealing with drought" allowtransparency="true" height="300" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?i=ay3bk-12a9c3a-pb&from=pb6admin&square=1&share=1&download=1&rtl=0&fonts=Arial&skin=3267a3&font-color=auto&logo_link=podcast_page&btn-skin=3267a3&size=300" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><a href="https://postpodcast.podbean.com/">For more about the Post Podcast, including a full list of episodes and episode transcripts click here.</a>

🎙Post Podcast: Cottonwood Extension offers resources for dealing with drought

Wheat is considered a highly responsive crop to band-applied fertilizers, particularly phosphorus (P). Application of P as starter fertilizer can be an effective method for part or all the P needs. Wheat plants typically show a significant increase in fall tillers and better root development with the use of starter fertilizer (P and N). Winterkill can also be reduced with the use of starter fertilizers, particularly in low P testing soils.

Phosphorus fertilizer application can be done through the drill with the seed. In-furrow fertilizer can be applied, depending on the soil test and recommended application rate, either in addition to or instead of, any pre-plant P applications. The use of dry fertilizer sources with air seeders is a very popular and practical option. However, other P sources (including liquid) are agronomically equivalent and decisions should be based on cost and adaptability for each operation.

When applying fertilizer with the seed, rates should be limited to avoid potential toxicity to the seedling. When placing 11-52-0 or 10-34-0 fertilizer in direct contact with wheat seed, producers should use the guidelines in the table below, assuming there is no added potassium K20.

Air seeders that place the starter fertilizer and seed in a 1- to 2-inch band, rather than a narrow seed slot, provide some margin of safety because the concentration of the fertilizer and seed is lower in these diffuse bands. In this scenario, adding a little extra N fertilizer to the starter is less likely to injure the seed - but it is still a risk.

Certain types of fertilizers should never be applied with the seed, even at low rates. No urea-containing fertilizer (urea, UAN solution) should be placed in direct seed contact. The hydrolysis of urea to ammonia can result in ammonia toxicity to seedlings.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1574181994278.png" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Wheat is considered a highly responsive crop to band-applied fertilizers, particularly phosphorus (P). Application of P as starter fertilizer can be an effective method for part or all the P needs. Wheat plants typically show a significant increase in fall tillers and better root development with the use of starter fertilizer (P and N). Winterkill can also be reduced with the use of starter fertilizers, particularly in low P testing soils.Phosphorus fertilizer application can be done through the drill with the seed. In-furrow fertilizer can be applied, depending on the soil test and recommended application rate, either in addition to or instead of, any pre-plant P applications. The use of dry fertilizer sources with air seeders is a very popular and practical option. However, other P sources (including liquid) are agronomically equivalent and decisions should be based on cost and adaptability for each operation.When applying fertilizer with the seed, rates should be limited to avoid potential toxicity to the seedling. When placing 11-52-0 or 10-34-0 fertilizer in direct contact with wheat seed, producers should use the guidelines in the table below, assuming there is no added potassium K20.Air seeders that place the starter fertilizer and seed in a 1- to 2-inch band, rather than a narrow seed slot, provide some margin of safety because the concentration of the fertilizer and seed is lower in these diffuse bands. In this scenario, adding a little extra N fertilizer to the starter is less likely to injure the seed - but it is still a risk.Certain types of fertilizers should never be applied with the seed, even at low rates. No urea-containing fertilizer (urea, UAN solution) should be placed in direct seed contact. The hydrolysis of urea to ammonia can result in ammonia toxicity to seedlings.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: In-furrow fertilizer for wheat

With many areas of Kansas experiencing significant drought, plant triage may be in order. This may mean that you need to prioritize what plants are most important. Large, established trees should be first on your list as they are expensive to remove, expensive to replace and take years to become large enough to fulfill their purpose. Next would be trees planted in the last 2 to 3 years as their root systems are still not completely established. Normally, these trees would be first on our list as the larger, more mature trees are more drought resistant. However, sometimes a drought will be severe enough that even large trees may die or become so weakened that borers move in and take them out. Next would be shrubs, then perennial flowers and finally lawns, annual flowers and vegetables. You probably see the pattern here. Start with what is most expensive to replace and move down from there. &nbsp;

If you are planning on watering your trees, one of the more common means is the use of soaker hoses. Soaker hoses are notorious for non-uniform watering. In other words, you often receive too much water from one part of the hose and not enough from another. On small trees, circling the tree several times with the soaker hose will even out the amount of water applied but this isn’t practical for larger trees. On larger trees, hooking both the beginning and the end of the soaker hose to a Y-adapter helps equalize the pressure and therefore provide a more uniform watering. The soaker hose can circle the trunk at a distance within the dripline of the tree but at least ½ the distance to the dripline. The dripline of the tree is outermost reach of the branches. On smaller trees, you may circle the tree several times so that only soil which has tree roots will be watered. Soil should be wet at least 12 inches deep as 80% of a trees roots are in the top foot of soil. Use a metal rod, wooden dowel, electric fence post or something similar to check depth. Dry soil is much harder to push through than wet and your probe will stop when it hits dry soil. How long it takes water to reach a 12 inch depth varies depending on the rate of water flow and soil. Record the amount of time it takes to reach 12 inches the first time the tree is watered. After that, simply water for that same amount of time&nbsp;

&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910 .

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>With many areas of Kansas experiencing significant drought, plant triage may be in order. This may mean that you need to prioritize what plants are most important. Large, established trees should be first on your list as they are expensive to remove, expensive to replace and take years to become large enough to fulfill their purpose. Next would be trees planted in the last 2 to 3 years as their root systems are still not completely established. Normally, these trees would be first on our list as the larger, more mature trees are more drought resistant. However, sometimes a drought will be severe enough that even large trees may die or become so weakened that borers move in and take them out. Next would be shrubs, then perennial flowers and finally lawns, annual flowers and vegetables. You probably see the pattern here. Start with what is most expensive to replace and move down from there. &nbsp;If you are planning on watering your trees, one of the more common means is the use of soaker hoses. Soaker hoses are notorious for non-uniform watering. In other words, you often receive too much water from one part of the hose and not enough from another. On small trees, circling the tree several times with the soaker hose will even out the amount of water applied but this isn’t practical for larger trees. On larger trees, hooking both the beginning and the end of the soaker hose to a Y-adapter helps equalize the pressure and therefore provide a more uniform watering. The soaker hose can circle the trunk at a distance within the dripline of the tree but at least ½ the distance to the dripline. The dripline of the tree is outermost reach of the branches. On smaller trees, you may circle the tree several times so that only soil which has tree roots will be watered. Soil should be wet at least 12 inches deep as 80% of a trees roots are in the top foot of soil. Use a metal rod, wooden dowel, electric fence post or something similar to check depth. Dry soil is much harder to push through than wet and your probe will stop when it hits dry soil. How long it takes water to reach a 12 inch depth varies depending on the rate of water flow and soil. Record the amount of time it takes to reach 12 inches the first time the tree is watered. After that, simply water for that same amount of time&nbsp;&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910 .

BOOR: Drought landscape

I saw a funny post on a friend’s Facebook page a few years ago that said “If parenthood came with a GPS, it would mostly just say ‘recalculating’”. While I had to giggle, it resonated with me as a former 4-H parent and now 4-H agent.

We talk a lot in 4-H about Experiential Learning – Learning by Doing; and having good adults to help youth by setting examples and modeling behavior. This is also much of how we learn to parent!

It is tough to talk through a situation with your child and then, watch them make a mistake in handling it. Unless it has grave consequences, it is much better for them to stub their toe while they are under our direction and guidance than to face plant as a 25-or 30-year old because they have never been allowed to make their own decisions. Are they going to make good decisions all of the time – NOPE! But I would challenge that neither did you or I at that age.

One of my favorite youth development authors, Dr. Tim Elmore, noted in a 2019 article in “Growing Leaders” that parents can make a couple of critical mistakes when it comes to youth and responsibility.

In his opinion, the first occurs when parents take responsibility too often when we should let go. He bases this thought on a 2019 nationwide survey that noted “Parents help their kids in a variety of ways, and that includes financial support, even when their children grow older. Nearly half of millennials get some level of financial help from mom and dad on a monthly basis, according to a new survey released by Money Under 30.”

I agree with Dr. Elmore that sometimes our adult children need our help but does that continued dependence on parents delay a young adult’s ability to shoulder responsibility? He goes on to state that “millions of today’s young adults are forced to delay professional goals because we’ve failed to teach them how to do without luxuries: smartphones, eating out, big tv’s” – which means their life goals….IF they have set them…..are pushed further away.

The second part of Dr. Elmore’s article also notes that parents let go of responsibility too often when we should still be taking it on and modeling appropriate behaviors. Do we expect our schools to teach money management, time management, daily living tasks such as preparing a meal, laundry, or basic car maintenance? Or, are we modelling these behaviors for our kids? Even if we are not great money managers or fantastic cooks, are we looking for resources to improve our own skills knowing that those young people are watching?

Dr. Elmore wraps up his article with a couple of great thoughts about committing to long-term thinking. He states “Let’s delegate responsibility to our young adults for their sake, so they can learn what it means to experience self-efficacy and autonomy. Let’s assume responsibility for our young adults for their sake, so they can see what it looks like to act from honor and justice.”

I see parents who are frustrated that their teens/young adults don’t seem to be responsible but this is not a skill that suddenly appears. It takes practice and some failed attempts to get better. Starting out with small responsibilities as young children and seeing adults model responsibility, good decision-making, and acknowledging their own errors is the best way to help youth develop solid life-time skills. It is Experiential Learning for all of us!

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

Kansas State University is committed to making its services, activities and programs accessible to all participants. If you have special requirements due to a physical, vision, or hearing disability.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1579114162620.jpeg" alt="written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>I saw a funny post on a friend’s Facebook page a few years ago that said “If parenthood came with a GPS, it would mostly just say ‘recalculating’”. While I had to giggle, it resonated with me as a former 4-H parent and now 4-H agent.We talk a lot in 4-H about Experiential Learning – Learning by Doing; and having good adults to help youth by setting examples and modeling behavior. This is also much of how we learn to parent!It is tough to talk through a situation with your child and then, watch them make a mistake in handling it. Unless it has grave consequences, it is much better for them to stub their toe while they are under our direction and guidance than to face plant as a 25-or 30-year old because they have never been allowed to make their own decisions. Are they going to make good decisions all of the time – NOPE! But I would challenge that neither did you or I at that age.One of my favorite youth development authors, Dr. Tim Elmore, noted in a 2019 article in “Growing Leaders” that parents can make a couple of critical mistakes when it comes to youth and responsibility.In his opinion, the first occurs when parents take responsibility too often when we should let go. He bases this thought on a 2019 nationwide survey that noted “Parents help their kids in a variety of ways, and that includes financial support, even when their children grow older. Nearly half of millennials get some level of financial help from mom and dad on a monthly basis, according to a new survey released by Money Under 30.”I agree with Dr. Elmore that sometimes our adult children need our help but does that continued dependence on parents delay a young adult’s ability to shoulder responsibility? He goes on to state that “millions of today’s young adults are forced to delay professional goals because we’ve failed to teach them how to do without luxuries: smartphones, eating out, big tv’s” – which means their life goals….IF they have set them…..are pushed further away.The second part of Dr. Elmore’s article also notes that parents let go of responsibility too often when we should still be taking it on and modeling appropriate behaviors. Do we expect our schools to teach money management, time management, daily living tasks such as preparing a meal, laundry, or basic car maintenance? Or, are we modelling these behaviors for our kids? Even if we are not great money managers or fantastic cooks, are we looking for resources to improve our own skills knowing that those young people are watching?Dr. Elmore wraps up his article with a couple of great thoughts about committing to long-term thinking. He states “Let’s delegate responsibility to our young adults for their sake, so they can learn what it means to experience self-efficacy and autonomy. Let’s assume responsibility for our young adults for their sake, so they can see what it looks like to act from honor and justice.”I see parents who are frustrated that their teens/young adults don’t seem to be responsible but this is not a skill that suddenly appears. It takes practice and some failed attempts to get better. Starting out with small responsibilities as young children and seeing adults model responsibility, good decision-making, and acknowledging their own errors is the best way to help youth develop solid life-time skills. It is Experiential Learning for all of us!Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.Kansas State University is committed to making its services, activities and programs accessible to all participants. If you have special requirements due to a physical, vision, or hearing disability.

BERAN: Children becoming responsible

Area teens are invited to participate in the Ellis County 4-H Civil Discourse Workshop from 1 to 5 p.m. on Saturday, Aug. 27, at Fort Hays State University's Memorial Union.

The event will introduce teens to the importance of civil discourse through a keynote address from Dr. Lori Kniffin from the Fort Hays State University Leadership Studies department. Breakout sessions for both parents and their teens will allow each group to practice these vital communication skills. The event will conclude with a free concert for all in attendance by the Peterson Farm Brothers. Free commemorative T-shirts will be given to the first 100 teens who register, and refreshments will be served.

The event will be hosted by Ellis County 4-H Council and spearheaded by Hays High sophomores Elizabeth Noble, Marisa Wasinger and John Weisenborn. Teens who attend will be given training in how to have productive conversations about difficult topics that can lead to meaningful change.

Sponsors for the event include eyeSMILE Vision and Dental, Hays Optimist Club, Hays Kiwanis Club, Lang Diesel, the Midwest Energy Community Fund, Redeem Designs and private donors.&nbsp;

To learn more or to register, visit&nbsp;<a href="https://tinyurl.com/2fp3mk8u?fbclid=IwAR00aOPM60PndhhSuqVC1mI_6jGnb1M2B5oBwNrqEYBF9fFfnXKnxP9O674" target="_blank">https://tinyurl.com/2fp3mk8u</a>&nbsp;or contact the Cottonwood District office at 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/8/1660928754272.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>News releaseArea teens are invited to participate in the Ellis County 4-H Civil Discourse Workshop from 1 to 5 p.m. on Saturday, Aug. 27, at Fort Hays State University's Memorial Union.The event will introduce teens to the importance of civil discourse through a keynote address from Dr. Lori Kniffin from the Fort Hays State University Leadership Studies department. Breakout sessions for both parents and their teens will allow each group to practice these vital communication skills. The event will conclude with a free concert for all in attendance by the Peterson Farm Brothers. Free commemorative T-shirts will be given to the first 100 teens who register, and refreshments will be served.The event will be hosted by Ellis County 4-H Council and spearheaded by Hays High sophomores Elizabeth Noble, Marisa Wasinger and John Weisenborn. Teens who attend will be given training in how to have productive conversations about difficult topics that can lead to meaningful change.Sponsors for the event include eyeSMILE Vision and Dental, Hays Optimist Club, Hays Kiwanis Club, Lang Diesel, the Midwest Energy Community Fund, Redeem Designs and private donors.&nbsp;To learn more or to register, visit&nbsp;<a href="https://tinyurl.com/2fp3mk8u?fbclid=IwAR00aOPM60PndhhSuqVC1mI_6jGnb1M2B5oBwNrqEYBF9fFfnXKnxP9O674" target="_blank">https://tinyurl.com/2fp3mk8u</a>&nbsp;or contact the Cottonwood District office at 785-628-9430.

Peterson Farm Brothers to headline free teen event in Hays

Just this week I listened in on a Zoom training that reminded us again about the health benefits of adding a little fermented food to your healthy plate. Fermentation is a process where the natural bacteria found in fresh vegetables utilize the carbohydrates to reproduce and excrete lactic acid, which preserves the vegetables and creates a characteristic tangy flavor. There is evidence that the lactic acid bacteria present in fermented products helps create a healthy gut.

The fact sheet I wrote two years ago titled, “Taking a New Look at Fermented Foods,” is as relevant today as the day it was written. In fact, there seems to be a good deal of interest in preparing fermented foods at home.

A couple spots remain in an upcoming Fermentation workshop I am leading where participants will learn how to make Kimchi. Kimchi is a Korean condiment made from Napa cabbage and a few other ingredients to spice it up. The workshop is set for Monday, August 29th, from 6-9 PM. There is a $25 registration fee payable before class at the Cottonwood Extension Great Bend Office, 3007 10th Street. Registration covers the ingredients and equipment to make a 1-quart jar of Kimchi.

The practice of fermenting foods has been around for thousands of years. There are many claims to how fermentation was discovered, but now, every culture with access to salt, makes some kind of fermented food. The simplicity of this food preservation method coupled with its unique flavors and reported health benefits has made fermenting food popular worldwide.

Many foods and beverages are created through the process of fermentation: sourdough bread, yogurt, beer, wine, sauerkraut, and kombucha to name a few. Workshop participants will also get to sample an assortment of fermented foods and learn about various home fermentation kits on the market.

If you have questions about the workshop, give me a call!

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family and Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Just this week I listened in on a Zoom training that reminded us again about the health benefits of adding a little fermented food to your healthy plate. Fermentation is a process where the natural bacteria found in fresh vegetables utilize the carbohydrates to reproduce and excrete lactic acid, which preserves the vegetables and creates a characteristic tangy flavor. There is evidence that the lactic acid bacteria present in fermented products helps create a healthy gut.The fact sheet I wrote two years ago titled, “Taking a New Look at Fermented Foods,” is as relevant today as the day it was written. In fact, there seems to be a good deal of interest in preparing fermented foods at home.A couple spots remain in an upcoming Fermentation workshop I am leading where participants will learn how to make Kimchi. Kimchi is a Korean condiment made from Napa cabbage and a few other ingredients to spice it up. The workshop is set for Monday, August 29th, from 6-9 PM. There is a $25 registration fee payable before class at the Cottonwood Extension Great Bend Office, 3007 10th Street. Registration covers the ingredients and equipment to make a 1-quart jar of Kimchi.The practice of fermenting foods has been around for thousands of years. There are many claims to how fermentation was discovered, but now, every culture with access to salt, makes some kind of fermented food. The simplicity of this food preservation method coupled with its unique flavors and reported health benefits has made fermenting food popular worldwide.Many foods and beverages are created through the process of fermentation: sourdough bread, yogurt, beer, wine, sauerkraut, and kombucha to name a few. Workshop participants will also get to sample an assortment of fermented foods and learn about various home fermentation kits on the market.If you have questions about the workshop, give me a call!Donna Krug is the District Director and Family and Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KRUG: Taking a new look at fermented foods

Good fences make good neighbors is the old saying we’ve all heard. The challenge is that there are many things that property owners need to be aware of when it comes to fences and fence laws.

Roger McEowen, Washburn University School of Law &amp; KSU Ag Economist, a noted agricultural law specialist, will present an informative program on Kansas fence law. It will be held on Tuesday, August 23rd at 7:00 pm at the Geary County 4-H/Senior Citizens Building, 1025 S. Spring Valley Road, Junction City, KS. The seminar will also be Livestreamed Online. To register for the Livestream go to https://bit.ly/3C6V2v3

Topics to be addressed include basics of the Kansas fence law statutes; partition fences; locating, building and maintaining legal fences; handling fence disputes; highway fences; adverse possession and other regularly encountered fence law questions.

There is no charge to attend this seminar, it is open to the public but registration is required. A recording of the presentation will be available afterward. To find that information following the seminar go to www.agmanager.info

If you have any questions you can contact myself or Alicia Boor in either Cottonwood District Office or also contact Chuck Otte, Geary County Extension agent at 785-238-4161, cotte@ksu.edu

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1574181994278.png" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Good fences make good neighbors is the old saying we’ve all heard. The challenge is that there are many things that property owners need to be aware of when it comes to fences and fence laws.Roger McEowen, Washburn University School of Law &amp; KSU Ag Economist, a noted agricultural law specialist, will present an informative program on Kansas fence law. It will be held on Tuesday, August 23rd at 7:00 pm at the Geary County 4-H/Senior Citizens Building, 1025 S. Spring Valley Road, Junction City, KS. The seminar will also be Livestreamed Online. To register for the Livestream go to https://bit.ly/3C6V2v3Topics to be addressed include basics of the Kansas fence law statutes; partition fences; locating, building and maintaining legal fences; handling fence disputes; highway fences; adverse possession and other regularly encountered fence law questions.There is no charge to attend this seminar, it is open to the public but registration is required. A recording of the presentation will be available afterward. To find that information following the seminar go to www.agmanager.infoIf you have any questions you can contact myself or Alicia Boor in either Cottonwood District Office or also contact Chuck Otte, Geary County Extension agent at 785-238-4161, cotte@ksu.eduStacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Kansas Fence Law Seminar – livestreamed online

In times of excessive heat and drought, lawns can become thin and let weeds flourish. To control these weeds, identification of the plant and timing of the herbicide are imperative. One such weed that I have been getting calls about is Little Barley. Below is a little bit about this weed and how to control it.

Many people mistake little barley (Hordeum pusillum) for a little foxtail because the foxtail and little barley seedheads are similar. However, little barley is a winter annual that comes up in late September - October and spends the winter as a small plant. It thrives in the cooler spring temperatures, forms seed heads and dies out usually by July. Foxtail, on the other hand, is a summer annual that does well in hot weather. Also, foxtail will not produce seedheads until mid- to late-summer.

The best control for little barley is a thick lawn that is mowed high enough that sunlight does not hit the soil. Little barley seed will not germinate in such conditions. Overseeding in the fall can thicken up a tall fescue lawn and prevent a little barley infestation. However, if you do not plan to overseed, preemergence herbicides can be used to provide at least partial control of this weed. Dimension (dithiopyr) is labeled for barley (Herodium spp.) which would include little barley and therefore can be used to keep this weed under control. Dimension can be found in several homeowner products including Hi-Yield Turf &amp; Ornamental Weed &amp; Grass Stopper and Bonide Crabgrass and Weed Preventer. Other products may contain Dimension in combination with fertilizer or broadleaf weed killers. Because little barley is a winter annual that germinates in the fall, apply the preemergence herbicide in August and water in to activate. If overseeding, do not apply any preemergence herbicide as it will interfere with the germination of tall fescue.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>In times of excessive heat and drought, lawns can become thin and let weeds flourish. To control these weeds, identification of the plant and timing of the herbicide are imperative. One such weed that I have been getting calls about is Little Barley. Below is a little bit about this weed and how to control it.Many people mistake little barley (Hordeum pusillum) for a little foxtail because the foxtail and little barley seedheads are similar. However, little barley is a winter annual that comes up in late September - October and spends the winter as a small plant. It thrives in the cooler spring temperatures, forms seed heads and dies out usually by July. Foxtail, on the other hand, is a summer annual that does well in hot weather. Also, foxtail will not produce seedheads until mid- to late-summer.Recommendations:The best control for little barley is a thick lawn that is mowed high enough that sunlight does not hit the soil. Little barley seed will not germinate in such conditions. Overseeding in the fall can thicken up a tall fescue lawn and prevent a little barley infestation. However, if you do not plan to overseed, preemergence herbicides can be used to provide at least partial control of this weed. Dimension (dithiopyr) is labeled for barley (Herodium spp.) which would include little barley and therefore can be used to keep this weed under control. Dimension can be found in several homeowner products including Hi-Yield Turf &amp; Ornamental Weed &amp; Grass Stopper and Bonide Crabgrass and Weed Preventer. Other products may contain Dimension in combination with fertilizer or broadleaf weed killers. Because little barley is a winter annual that germinates in the fall, apply the preemergence herbicide in August and water in to activate. If overseeding, do not apply any preemergence herbicide as it will interfere with the germination of tall fescue.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Little barley

As I’m entering my third week as the Family and Community Wellness (FCW) Agent, the most frequent question I have gotten so far is, “What do you do?” That is a great question! I’m not sure after only three weeks I’m qualified to answer that question but I will do my best.

The main goal of any extension agent is to bring quality, research-based information to the people of Kansas and the districts or counties that we serve. Typically, there are a handful of agents in a district or county that are ready to answer questions and provide programming on a wide variety of topics; from plants and animals to bugs, nutrition, and healthy living. I’m excited to learn more as I network with other FCW agents at Agent update in Manhattan in a couple of weeks.

The area that I will provide education and information is family and community wellness. Family and Community Wellness Agents develop and deliver educational programs to build healthy, sustainable communities, families, and individuals. Programming may include, but is not limited to, strengthening families and individuals; building community capacity; family and community health and wellness; and local volunteer development. That is a lot! Those are large and encompassing descriptions and maybe need some clarification. They are broad for a reason so that agents can tailor the needs to the community they serve.

I see my job as building relationships with the people in Ellis and Barton County. Currently, as I figure out what our community needs, I have mostly been asking a lot of questions and finding out what people want to learn more about. What is important to them? What are ways they can be healthy both mentally and physically and also financially? I have experience, education, and resources to help with all these areas. One of the main topics that has surfaced already is in the area of nutrition. Families are busy! Many families struggle to meet nutritional needs of their families in a quick, easy, economical but yet healthy way. Not only are families busy, but prices are rising, so finding meals that fit in the budget is important. Eating out is expensive and often times it is difficult to find healthy choices.

One thing for sure is I love answering questions. There are no dumb questions. I know it is easy to find information on the internet but sometimes it is nice to talk to someone who can tailor the information to your specific needs. If you are curious about any of these topics, please feel free to email, call or come by the office. I look forward to meeting you!

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/7/1658934668566.png" alt="written by: Monique Koerner - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Monique Koerner - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>As I’m entering my third week as the Family and Community Wellness (FCW) Agent, the most frequent question I have gotten so far is, “What do you do?” That is a great question! I’m not sure after only three weeks I’m qualified to answer that question but I will do my best.The main goal of any extension agent is to bring quality, research-based information to the people of Kansas and the districts or counties that we serve. Typically, there are a handful of agents in a district or county that are ready to answer questions and provide programming on a wide variety of topics; from plants and animals to bugs, nutrition, and healthy living. I’m excited to learn more as I network with other FCW agents at Agent update in Manhattan in a couple of weeks.The area that I will provide education and information is family and community wellness. Family and Community Wellness Agents develop and deliver educational programs to build healthy, sustainable communities, families, and individuals. Programming may include, but is not limited to, strengthening families and individuals; building community capacity; family and community health and wellness; and local volunteer development. That is a lot! Those are large and encompassing descriptions and maybe need some clarification. They are broad for a reason so that agents can tailor the needs to the community they serve.I see my job as building relationships with the people in Ellis and Barton County. Currently, as I figure out what our community needs, I have mostly been asking a lot of questions and finding out what people want to learn more about. What is important to them? What are ways they can be healthy both mentally and physically and also financially? I have experience, education, and resources to help with all these areas. One of the main topics that has surfaced already is in the area of nutrition. Families are busy! Many families struggle to meet nutritional needs of their families in a quick, easy, economical but yet healthy way. Not only are families busy, but prices are rising, so finding meals that fit in the budget is important. Eating out is expensive and often times it is difficult to find healthy choices.One thing for sure is I love answering questions. There are no dumb questions. I know it is easy to find information on the internet but sometimes it is nice to talk to someone who can tailor the information to your specific needs. If you are curious about any of these topics, please feel free to email, call or come by the office. I look forward to meeting you!Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: What does a Family and Community Wellness Extension Agent do?

If your garden is producing more fresh vegetables than you can work in to the daily menu plan you may want to consider freezing. Most vegetables need to be blanched before freezing to inactivate enzymes and protect their quality. This is done by water or steam blanching. Enzymes are a natural component of food. They work inside food and can change flavor, texture, color and nutrition. Blanching stops enzymes and protects the food from quality changes.

Occasionally I will get a call from someone who asks if blanching can be done in the microwave? Using the microwave may produce poor results. Due to uneven heating, the microwave may not completely inactivate enzymes. This results in off flavors, poor texture and loss of color. The microwave does not save time or energy.

To blanch vegetables correctly, briefly expose them to boiling water or steam. Then cool rapidly in ice water to stop cooking. Blanching destroys microorganisms on the vegetable surface and is essential for top-quality frozen vegetables.

For products like tomatoes you will notice that they will have a mushy texture when thawed and are suitable only for cooking in soups, stews and sauces. Tomatoes that are frozen raw become watery and can develop an off-flavor after a short time in the freezer. Tomatoes that are too ripe for safe canning but still sound and free from decay can be frozen safely.

If you are wanting to freeze sweet corn, it is important to preserve it as soon after harvest as possible for best quality. To prepare corn-on-the-cob for freezing: Blanch small ears (1 ¼ inches or less in diameter) 7 minutes in boiling water; medium-size ears (1 ¼ to 1 ½ inches) 9 minutes; and large ears (1 ½ inches or more) 11 minutes. Cool in several changes of ice cold water and drain. If desired, cut ears into uniform 4-, 6-, or 8-inch pieces and package in freezer bags or containers.

Be aware there is a significant difference between a plastic storage bag and plastic freezer bags. Make sure you are using the heavier freezer bags for best results.

Excellent reference bulletins for a variety of vegetables and fruits are available at: www.rrc.k-state.edu/preservation/freezing.html

A little work now to preserve the harvest will certainly be enjoyed and appreciated next winter! Call me if you have any questions.

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent for K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>If your garden is producing more fresh vegetables than you can work in to the daily menu plan you may want to consider freezing. Most vegetables need to be blanched before freezing to inactivate enzymes and protect their quality. This is done by water or steam blanching. Enzymes are a natural component of food. They work inside food and can change flavor, texture, color and nutrition. Blanching stops enzymes and protects the food from quality changes.Occasionally I will get a call from someone who asks if blanching can be done in the microwave? Using the microwave may produce poor results. Due to uneven heating, the microwave may not completely inactivate enzymes. This results in off flavors, poor texture and loss of color. The microwave does not save time or energy.To blanch vegetables correctly, briefly expose them to boiling water or steam. Then cool rapidly in ice water to stop cooking. Blanching destroys microorganisms on the vegetable surface and is essential for top-quality frozen vegetables.For products like tomatoes you will notice that they will have a mushy texture when thawed and are suitable only for cooking in soups, stews and sauces. Tomatoes that are frozen raw become watery and can develop an off-flavor after a short time in the freezer. Tomatoes that are too ripe for safe canning but still sound and free from decay can be frozen safely.If you are wanting to freeze sweet corn, it is important to preserve it as soon after harvest as possible for best quality. To prepare corn-on-the-cob for freezing: Blanch small ears (1 ¼ inches or less in diameter) 7 minutes in boiling water; medium-size ears (1 ¼ to 1 ½ inches) 9 minutes; and large ears (1 ½ inches or more) 11 minutes. Cool in several changes of ice cold water and drain. If desired, cut ears into uniform 4-, 6-, or 8-inch pieces and package in freezer bags or containers.Be aware there is a significant difference between a plastic storage bag and plastic freezer bags. Make sure you are using the heavier freezer bags for best results.Excellent reference bulletins for a variety of vegetables and fruits are available at: www.rrc.k-state.edu/preservation/freezing.htmlA little work now to preserve the harvest will certainly be enjoyed and appreciated next winter! Call me if you have any questions.Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent for K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KRUG: Prepping vegetables for freezing

written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, (Figure 1) is known to feed on over 80 host plants. In Kansas, it can damage several important crops as well as pasture, turf, and home landscaping. This insect does not overwinter in Kansas. Rather, it is native to the tropical regions of the western hemisphere and is active year-round along the gulf coast and southern Florida, migrating in from these locations each year. Two full generations are possible in Kansas with defoliation and grain damage being the biggest concerns.

In late June, large numbers of fall armyworm were being recovered from pheromone traps in the Texas panhandle. The offspring from these large flights have been emerging and are continuing to move north. Fall armyworm adults were detected in southwest Kansas pheromone traps during the first week of July and trap numbers are beginning to increase. Adult moths are most likely active throughout the southern portion of the state.

Start scouting now - at-risk crops should be scouted regularly for the remainder of the growing season. Caterpillars increase in size at an exponential rate and a majority of feeding occurs during the later stage of development. It is critical to scout thoroughly and treat, if needed, before the caterpillars are over ½ inch long. Larger caterpillars are harder to control and do the most damage. Recommended thresholds and products labeled for Sorghum Insect Management can be found at www.cottonwood.ksu.edu click onto the Crops and Livestock tab and look under Hot Topics.

Fall armyworm thresholds - Alfalfa: 1-2 caterpillars per square foot can destroy seedling alfalfa. 10-15 per square foot can destroy 12” tall plants. Corn: damage to whorl stage in early summer; treatment may be needed if 75% of plants are damaged. Bt corn may prevent ear damage. Sorghum: damage to whorl stage in early summer; treatment may be needed if 75% of plants are damaged. 1-2 larvae/head during flowering to soft dough reduces yield 5-10%. Wheat: Larval “window-paning” in early planted wheat can be a concern. If 25-30% of plants show damage, examine field frequently. Treat at 2-3 active larvae/ft.

Sorghum midge and sorghum aphid - have recently been found in Kansas, so growers are urged to be scouting their fields.

Historically in Kansas, the midge has been considered a minor pest confined to the southeast part of the state. Kansas producers have never actively treated fields for the pest.

“However, between 2017 and 2021, there were reports of large infestations resulting in significant losses in southwest and southeast Kansas,” reports Anthony Zukoff, Extension Entomologist, Garden City. “So far, there is no clear pattern to these events, and locations that experienced losses one year have not necessarily ended up with problems in the years following.”

Last week the first report of sorghum aphid (previously called the sugarcane aphid) was reported in Ellsworth County. “Every year since 2014 we have seen these aphids migrate into the state, generally being reported from south to north, and I would expect the same this year”, said Jeff Whitworth Extension Entomologist, Manhattan.

Since about 2018, however, they have not been as large or widespread a problem as they were in 2015-2017. Every year since 2018 sorghum colonies have been decimated by beneficial insects. “That is why you do not want to be too quick to make an insecticide application”, says Whitworth. Lastly when scouting fields keep mindful of one other insect pest—headworms. Once sorghum is between flowering and soft dough stages, headworms need to be monitored as well.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/8/1660052559421.png" alt="Figure 1. Full grown fall armyworm caterpillar. Department of Entomology, Kansas State University." />
 <figcaption>Figure 1. Full grown fall armyworm caterpillar. Department of Entomology, Kansas State University.</figcaption>
 </figure>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension DistrictFall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, (Figure 1) is known to feed on over 80 host plants. In Kansas, it can damage several important crops as well as pasture, turf, and home landscaping. This insect does not overwinter in Kansas. Rather, it is native to the tropical regions of the western hemisphere and is active year-round along the gulf coast and southern Florida, migrating in from these locations each year. Two full generations are possible in Kansas with defoliation and grain damage being the biggest concerns.In late June, large numbers of fall armyworm were being recovered from pheromone traps in the Texas panhandle. The offspring from these large flights have been emerging and are continuing to move north. Fall armyworm adults were detected in southwest Kansas pheromone traps during the first week of July and trap numbers are beginning to increase. Adult moths are most likely active throughout the southern portion of the state.Start scouting now - at-risk crops should be scouted regularly for the remainder of the growing season. Caterpillars increase in size at an exponential rate and a majority of feeding occurs during the later stage of development. It is critical to scout thoroughly and treat, if needed, before the caterpillars are over ½ inch long. Larger caterpillars are harder to control and do the most damage. Recommended thresholds and products labeled for Sorghum Insect Management can be found at www.cottonwood.ksu.edu click onto the Crops and Livestock tab and look under Hot Topics.Fall armyworm thresholds - Alfalfa: 1-2 caterpillars per square foot can destroy seedling alfalfa. 10-15 per square foot can destroy 12” tall plants. Corn: damage to whorl stage in early summer; treatment may be needed if 75% of plants are damaged. Bt corn may prevent ear damage. Sorghum: damage to whorl stage in early summer; treatment may be needed if 75% of plants are damaged. 1-2 larvae/head during flowering to soft dough reduces yield 5-10%. Wheat: Larval “window-paning” in early planted wheat can be a concern. If 25-30% of plants show damage, examine field frequently. Treat at 2-3 active larvae/ft.Sorghum midge and sorghum aphid - have recently been found in Kansas, so growers are urged to be scouting their fields.Historically in Kansas, the midge has been considered a minor pest confined to the southeast part of the state. Kansas producers have never actively treated fields for the pest.“However, between 2017 and 2021, there were reports of large infestations resulting in significant losses in southwest and southeast Kansas,” reports Anthony Zukoff, Extension Entomologist, Garden City. “So far, there is no clear pattern to these events, and locations that experienced losses one year have not necessarily ended up with problems in the years following.”Last week the first report of sorghum aphid (previously called the sugarcane aphid) was reported in Ellsworth County. “Every year since 2014 we have seen these aphids migrate into the state, generally being reported from south to north, and I would expect the same this year”, said Jeff Whitworth Extension Entomologist, Manhattan.Since about 2018, however, they have not been as large or widespread a problem as they were in 2015-2017. Every year since 2018 sorghum colonies have been decimated by beneficial insects. “That is why you do not want to be too quick to make an insecticide application”, says Whitworth. Lastly when scouting fields keep mindful of one other insect pest—headworms. Once sorghum is between flowering and soft dough stages, headworms need to be monitored as well.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Moths appearing in southern Kansas

Organizers of the Central Kansas Warm Season Forage Field Day, scheduled for Aug. 18, said the event will showcase work being done in central Kansas to improve forages for cattle producers in the state.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Cade Rensink, the director of the Central Kansas Extension District, staff in his office and the Saline County Conservation District have established an on-farm demonstration of annual forages available in that part of the state.&nbsp;&nbsp;

The goal of the program, he said, is “to increase awareness about the agronomics and systems-use of warm and cool season forage crops.”&nbsp;&nbsp;

The project is funded by the Kansas Department of Agriculture’s Division of Conservation. Rensink said other key cooperators include Saline County rancher Mike Henry, Star Seed, and Phillips Seed Farms.&nbsp;&nbsp;

The Aug. 18 field day begins at 8 a.m. and is free to the public. The event will be held at 3421 E. Water Well Road in Salina. Reservations are not required to attend.&nbsp;&nbsp;

The field day agenda includes:&nbsp;&nbsp;

For questions or more information, call the Central Kansas Extension District office at 785-309-5850.&nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Organizers of the Central Kansas Warm Season Forage Field Day, scheduled for Aug. 18, said the event will showcase work being done in central Kansas to improve forages for cattle producers in the state.&nbsp;&nbsp;Cade Rensink, the director of the Central Kansas Extension District, staff in his office and the Saline County Conservation District have established an on-farm demonstration of annual forages available in that part of the state.&nbsp;&nbsp;The goal of the program, he said, is “to increase awareness about the agronomics and systems-use of warm and cool season forage crops.”&nbsp;&nbsp;The project is funded by the Kansas Department of Agriculture’s Division of Conservation. Rensink said other key cooperators include Saline County rancher Mike Henry, Star Seed, and Phillips Seed Farms.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Aug. 18 field day begins at 8 a.m. and is free to the public. The event will be held at 3421 E. Water Well Road in Salina. Reservations are not required to attend.&nbsp;&nbsp;The field day agenda includes:&nbsp;&nbsp;<ul>
 <li>Tours of plots consisting of hybrid pearl millet, teff, crabgrass and photoperiod sensitive BMR sorghum-sudangrass.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>A discussion on identifying, concerns about, and controlling sericea lespedeza.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Presentations by Henry as well as representatives of Star Seed and the Central Kansas Extension District.&nbsp; </li>
 </ul>For questions or more information, call the Central Kansas Extension District office at 785-309-5850.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Central Kansas Warm Season Forage Field Day

When the calendar turns to August, I find myself saying the same four words, “Where did summer go?” Families with kids adapted to a summer schedule filled with ball games, camp, swimming lessons, and 4-H activities and now the schedule is about to change again! With the start of school just a few short weeks away it is the perfect time to call a family meeting and get everyone on board with the new routine.

Research shows that kids ages 3 to 6 need ten to twelve hours of sleep each day. As youngsters begin pre-school or the early grades it is important to have a set bedtime with a routine that encourages success. Perhaps you want to target 8 p.m. as bedtime. If so you will want to begin the wind down process around 7. Perhaps a warm bath and bed time story help your child to relax. Planning what will be worn the next day or eaten for breakfast also encourages a less hectic morning when the alarm goes off. Whatever you want to adopt as a routine, now is a good time to start working toward your final goal. If the summer schedule has been lax, start moving the bedtime up a few minutes each day until your target is reached. That should help make the first day of school a success.

One of the most important messages I like to share at this time of year is to “Eat breakfast every day.” As kids start back to school they need to start each day with some nutritious food in their stomachs. It’s really brain food. Countless studies have shown that kids perform better in school, and are less irritable, when their day starts with breakfast.

There is no doubt about it: our bodies need to refuel after not eating for 10-12 hours. So why is it that breakfast is the meal most often skipped? The most common answers I hear are that “there isn’t time” or “my kids aren’t hungry in the morning.”

As you plan to start each day with breakfast, keep in mind the following tips. Breakfast does not have to be a big meal. Try to include something from the grain group as well as a fruit. Breakfast does not have to be traditional. Be creative; nutritious foods are healthy any time of the day. Last night’s leftovers can be reheated in a hurry. Peanut butter can be spread on a piece of whole grain toast and served with a glass of 100% fruit juice. Equal amounts of juice, milk and yogurt can be combined for a smoothie like treat. Get your day off to a great start and be a breakfast eater!

And finally, if you live close enough to school can your children safely walk or bike to school? Research shows that starting your day with some physical activity (i.e. walking to school) encourages better concentration and behavior in the classroom. If your schedule allows it, do a trial run with your child; either walking or biking on a safe route to the front door of the school.

Here’s hoping your school year gets off to a great start!

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Donna Krug - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>When the calendar turns to August, I find myself saying the same four words, “Where did summer go?” Families with kids adapted to a summer schedule filled with ball games, camp, swimming lessons, and 4-H activities and now the schedule is about to change again! With the start of school just a few short weeks away it is the perfect time to call a family meeting and get everyone on board with the new routine.Research shows that kids ages 3 to 6 need ten to twelve hours of sleep each day. As youngsters begin pre-school or the early grades it is important to have a set bedtime with a routine that encourages success. Perhaps you want to target 8 p.m. as bedtime. If so you will want to begin the wind down process around 7. Perhaps a warm bath and bed time story help your child to relax. Planning what will be worn the next day or eaten for breakfast also encourages a less hectic morning when the alarm goes off. Whatever you want to adopt as a routine, now is a good time to start working toward your final goal. If the summer schedule has been lax, start moving the bedtime up a few minutes each day until your target is reached. That should help make the first day of school a success.One of the most important messages I like to share at this time of year is to “Eat breakfast every day.” As kids start back to school they need to start each day with some nutritious food in their stomachs. It’s really brain food. Countless studies have shown that kids perform better in school, and are less irritable, when their day starts with breakfast.There is no doubt about it: our bodies need to refuel after not eating for 10-12 hours. So why is it that breakfast is the meal most often skipped? The most common answers I hear are that “there isn’t time” or “my kids aren’t hungry in the morning.”As you plan to start each day with breakfast, keep in mind the following tips. Breakfast does not have to be a big meal. Try to include something from the grain group as well as a fruit. Breakfast does not have to be traditional. Be creative; nutritious foods are healthy any time of the day. Last night’s leftovers can be reheated in a hurry. Peanut butter can be spread on a piece of whole grain toast and served with a glass of 100% fruit juice. Equal amounts of juice, milk and yogurt can be combined for a smoothie like treat. Get your day off to a great start and be a breakfast eater!And finally, if you live close enough to school can your children safely walk or bike to school? Research shows that starting your day with some physical activity (i.e. walking to school) encourages better concentration and behavior in the classroom. If your schedule allows it, do a trial run with your child; either walking or biking on a safe route to the front door of the school.Here’s hoping your school year gets off to a great start!Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or dkrug@ksu.edu K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KRUG: Back to school tips

I am sharing some wise words from a fellow 4-H agent today and it is a great follow up to the county fair and in preparation for the Kansas State Fair.

Growing up I was quick to hide any ribbons that were not purples! Yes, we all have those purple ribbons, buckles, or duffle bags in our goals to win…but what about the “other” ribbons.

She shared a photo with all ribbons represented because, as she notes, they all matter!

4-H is about youth development and helping build the next generation. We hope that those who started as Cloverbuds will be in the stands as Market Buyers someday.

In life, not everyone wins every time and that’s okay but it’s important to learn so you can grow. 4-H teaches youth valuable lessons that will be essential in this world such as commitment, responsibility, dedication, punctuality, organization, and those are just listing a few! There is no surprise that 4-H youth excel when it comes to job searches as these traits are exactly what businesses are looking for.

Sarah’s favorite question to ask youth is “what did you fail at?” This can sometimes be a hard question because we are taught failing is bad…but if we never fail how would we learn and grow as human beings? FAILING IS NOT BAD!! Just because you got a red ribbon, it is not bad; instead ask yourself how can we learn from this? Maybe it is seeking out an upperclassman, volunteer, breeder or agent and asking questions. Maybe its learning more about animal husbandry and being more aggressive with wormer or learning how to read your feed labels to understand protein better.

There is always knowledge and personal growth to gain, we just need the right mind set to be open to it. So this year, show all your ribbons proudly because you accomplished that! It takes a lot to prepare your projects and present them to the judge! Recognize what did you do well at? What did you fail at? And what are you going to work on?

Imagine a world of adults who were taught as children their short comings opened the door for opportunity.

Many thanks to Cowley County 4-H agent, Sarah LaGrone, for sharing her perspective!

Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County office. For more information on this article or other 4-H and Youth Development related questions, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call 620-793-1910.

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 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1579114162620.jpeg" alt="written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>I am sharing some wise words from a fellow 4-H agent today and it is a great follow up to the county fair and in preparation for the Kansas State Fair.Sarah states:Growing up I was quick to hide any ribbons that were not purples! Yes, we all have those purple ribbons, buckles, or duffle bags in our goals to win…but what about the “other” ribbons.She shared a photo with all ribbons represented because, as she notes, they all matter!4-H is about youth development and helping build the next generation. We hope that those who started as Cloverbuds will be in the stands as Market Buyers someday.In life, not everyone wins every time and that’s okay but it’s important to learn so you can grow. 4-H teaches youth valuable lessons that will be essential in this world such as commitment, responsibility, dedication, punctuality, organization, and those are just listing a few! There is no surprise that 4-H youth excel when it comes to job searches as these traits are exactly what businesses are looking for.Sarah’s favorite question to ask youth is “what did you fail at?” This can sometimes be a hard question because we are taught failing is bad…but if we never fail how would we learn and grow as human beings? FAILING IS NOT BAD!! Just because you got a red ribbon, it is not bad; instead ask yourself how can we learn from this? Maybe it is seeking out an upperclassman, volunteer, breeder or agent and asking questions. Maybe its learning more about animal husbandry and being more aggressive with wormer or learning how to read your feed labels to understand protein better.There is always knowledge and personal growth to gain, we just need the right mind set to be open to it. So this year, show all your ribbons proudly because you accomplished that! It takes a lot to prepare your projects and present them to the judge! Recognize what did you do well at? What did you fail at? And what are you going to work on?Imagine a world of adults who were taught as children their short comings opened the door for opportunity.Many thanks to Cowley County 4-H agent, Sarah LaGrone, for sharing her perspective!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County office. For more information on this article or other 4-H and Youth Development related questions, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call 620-793-1910.All Kansas Extension education programs and materials are available to all individuals without discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age, or handicap.