June 1-5 is Medicare Fraud Prevention Week. This week focuses on actions everyone can take to prevent Medicare fraud, errors, or abuse. From the Medicare Fraud Prevention Week website, Medicare loses an estimated $60 billion each year due to fraud, errors, and abuse, though that number is impossible to measure. Every day, issues related to these problems affect people across the country, often costing them time, money, and well-being.

Medicare-related errors contribute to this annual loss even though errors can be honest health care billing mistakes. However, repeated errors by a doctor or provider could be considered a red flag of potential fraud or abuse if not corrected.

Some common examples of fraud, errors, or abuse could include:

· Charging for services or supplies that were not provided

· Misrepresenting a diagnosis, a person’s identity, the service provided, or other facts to justify payment

· Prescribing or providing excessive or unnecessary tests and services

Falling prey to consumer scams or health care fraud may mean that your Medicare number has been “compromised” as a result of medical identity theft. Stealing from Medicare leaves less available funds for those needing services now as well as those needing Medicare in the future.

Families and caregivers – you can help by talking to your loved ones or clients about protecting their Medicare number just as they would a credit card number and never give out their Medicare number over the phone for any reason.

Be on the lookout for things like boxes of knee braces (known as durable medical equipment, or DME) lying around the house. This is a common scam and may mean your client or loved one has been a victim. Help your loved ones create a  Medicare.gov account to access their Medicare claims online or remind them to open their Medicare statements and look for concerning claims.

As a community, you can help by looking out for your older neighbors. If you overhear someone talking about Medicare, don’t be afraid to give information about the local Senior Medicare Patrols (SMP) and State Health Insurance Program (SHIP). Encourage those you know to talk to a trusted source about their Medicare questions and tell your neighbors about the most recent Medicare scams.

Medicare beneficiaries, protect your Medicare number like you would your banking information. Scammers use a lot of tactics to get your Medicare number; be aware of their tricks.

Don't give or confirm your number to anyone that calls you out of the blue, through email, on social media, or even through a text message. You might be offered free products like back or knee braces, food, additional benefits, or told that your doctor asked them to call.

If it sounds too good to be true, it probably is so don't accept it. You are the best defense to protect your Medicare number! For more information, call Karissa or Michelle at the Cottonwood Extension District offices or check out https://smpresource.org/mfpw/medicare-fraud-prevention-week/

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!

Michelle Beran is a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other K-State Extension resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

All Kansas Extension education programs and materials are available to all individuals without discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age or disability.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>June 1-5 is Medicare Fraud Prevention Week. This week focuses on actions everyone can take to prevent Medicare fraud, errors, or abuse. From the Medicare Fraud Prevention Week website, Medicare loses an estimated $60 billion each year due to fraud, errors, and abuse, though that number is impossible to measure. Every day, issues related to these problems affect people across the country, often costing them time, money, and well-being.Medicare-related errors contribute to this annual loss even though errors can be honest health care billing mistakes. However, repeated errors by a doctor or provider could be considered a red flag of potential fraud or abuse if not corrected.Some common examples of fraud, errors, or abuse could include:· Charging for services or supplies that were not provided· Misrepresenting a diagnosis, a person’s identity, the service provided, or other facts to justify payment· Prescribing or providing excessive or unnecessary tests and servicesFalling prey to consumer scams or health care fraud may mean that your Medicare number has been “compromised” as a result of medical identity theft. Stealing from Medicare leaves less available funds for those needing services now as well as those needing Medicare in the future.Families and caregivers – you can help by talking to your loved ones or clients about protecting their Medicare number just as they would a credit card number and never give out their Medicare number over the phone for any reason.Be on the lookout for things like boxes of knee braces (known as durable medical equipment, or DME) lying around the house. This is a common scam and may mean your client or loved one has been a victim. Help your loved ones create a  Medicare.gov account to access their Medicare claims online or remind them to open their Medicare statements and look for concerning claims.As a community, you can help by looking out for your older neighbors. If you overhear someone talking about Medicare, don’t be afraid to give information about the local Senior Medicare Patrols (SMP) and State Health Insurance Program (SHIP). Encourage those you know to talk to a trusted source about their Medicare questions and tell your neighbors about the most recent Medicare scams.Medicare beneficiaries, protect your Medicare number like you would your banking information. Scammers use a lot of tactics to get your Medicare number; be aware of their tricks.Don't give or confirm your number to anyone that calls you out of the blue, through email, on social media, or even through a text message. You might be offered free products like back or knee braces, food, additional benefits, or told that your doctor asked them to call.If it sounds too good to be true, it probably is so don't accept it. You are the best defense to protect your Medicare number! For more information, call Karissa or Michelle at the Cottonwood Extension District offices or check out https://smpresource.org/mfpw/medicare-fraud-prevention-week/Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other K-State Extension resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.All Kansas Extension education programs and materials are available to all individuals without discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age or disability.

BERAN: Tips for patients, caregivers to avoid Medicare fraud

A Kansas State University entomologist and a state forestry expert are urging patience and persistence when trying to manage bagworms, noting that caterpillars may emerge from eggs from late spring through early summer, depending on weather conditions.

Shad Hufnagel, forest health coordinator with the Kansas Forest Service, and Raymond Cloyd, professor and extension specialist in horticultural entomology with K-State Extension, advise that homeowners scout for bagworms from early- to mid-May and apply insecticides when young bagworms are present.

Once bagworms are detected, they said, homeowners might need to treat with an insecticide weekly for up to four weeks.

Cloyd said that in addition to emergence over time, young bagworms can ‘blow in’ -- called ‘ballooning’ -- from neighboring plants on silken threads, thus increasing the importance of treating multiple times during the growing season.

“Once the caterpillars emerge from eggs, they begin feeding on the host tree or shrub, creating a protective bag, hence the common name,” Cloyd said. “The plant material fed upon is used to build a protective covering that provides protection from predators and insecticide treatments, which can influence the effectiveness of insecticide applications.”

Hufnagel added: “The larger and more robust the caterpillars and their cases become, the more difficult they are to manage with insecticides.”

Bagworm feeding is commonly associated with conifers, such as juniper, arborvitae, pine, and spruce, but Hufnagel said the caterpillars also feed on many deciduous host plants. Although defoliation of deciduous trees and shrubs typically does not result in long-term plant damage, defoliation of conifers can cause substantial plant stress and result in plant mortality.

He said insecticides can be effective in mitigating damage to trees and shrubs. However, bagworm infestations are often cyclical; consequently, bagworm infestations may be low enough that spraying an insecticide may not be warranted.

For increased effectiveness and to prevent bagworms from causing substantial plant damage, Hufnagel advises judicious treatment of windbreaks, Christmas trees, and ornamental landscape trees as soon as bagworms are present.

“Thorough coverage is important when treating for bagworms, including penetration into the interior plant canopy and upper branches,” he said. “Commercial treatments may be more effective for large trees or established windbreaks where applications from common household sprayers cannot reach the upper canopy of trees.”

Many insecticides are labeled for bagworms, but timing of application and thorough coverage will ensure the effectiveness of insecticides in managing bagworms. When bagworm caterpillars are 1/8 to 1/4 of an inch long, products containing Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki (Btk) or spinosad as the active ingredient can be effective in managing bagworms, according to Cloyd.

He adds that the recommended insecticides have minimal direct impact on beneficial insects compared to broad-spectrum insecticides, which could lead to outbreaks of spider mites or scale insects that can cause damage to treated trees and shrubs.

“If insecticides are not applied when bagworm caterpillars are 1/8 to 1/4 of an inch in length, then broad-spectrum insecticides, including those containing malathion, acephate, or cyfluthrin as the active ingredients can be applied,” Cloyd said. “Be sure to read the product label and follow directions before making applications.”

Hand removing and destroying bagworm bags is an option for smaller infestations.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. you can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

K-State Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>A Kansas State University entomologist and a state forestry expert are urging patience and persistence when trying to manage bagworms, noting that caterpillars may emerge from eggs from late spring through early summer, depending on weather conditions.Shad Hufnagel, forest health coordinator with the Kansas Forest Service, and Raymond Cloyd, professor and extension specialist in horticultural entomology with K-State Extension, advise that homeowners scout for bagworms from early- to mid-May and apply insecticides when young bagworms are present.Once bagworms are detected, they said, homeowners might need to treat with an insecticide weekly for up to four weeks.Cloyd said that in addition to emergence over time, young bagworms can ‘blow in’ -- called ‘ballooning’ -- from neighboring plants on silken threads, thus increasing the importance of treating multiple times during the growing season.“Once the caterpillars emerge from eggs, they begin feeding on the host tree or shrub, creating a protective bag, hence the common name,” Cloyd said. “The plant material fed upon is used to build a protective covering that provides protection from predators and insecticide treatments, which can influence the effectiveness of insecticide applications.”Hufnagel added: “The larger and more robust the caterpillars and their cases become, the more difficult they are to manage with insecticides.”Bagworm feeding is commonly associated with conifers, such as juniper, arborvitae, pine, and spruce, but Hufnagel said the caterpillars also feed on many deciduous host plants. Although defoliation of deciduous trees and shrubs typically does not result in long-term plant damage, defoliation of conifers can cause substantial plant stress and result in plant mortality.He said insecticides can be effective in mitigating damage to trees and shrubs. However, bagworm infestations are often cyclical; consequently, bagworm infestations may be low enough that spraying an insecticide may not be warranted.For increased effectiveness and to prevent bagworms from causing substantial plant damage, Hufnagel advises judicious treatment of windbreaks, Christmas trees, and ornamental landscape trees as soon as bagworms are present.“Thorough coverage is important when treating for bagworms, including penetration into the interior plant canopy and upper branches,” he said. “Commercial treatments may be more effective for large trees or established windbreaks where applications from common household sprayers cannot reach the upper canopy of trees.”Many insecticides are labeled for bagworms, but timing of application and thorough coverage will ensure the effectiveness of insecticides in managing bagworms. When bagworm caterpillars are 1/8 to 1/4 of an inch long, products containing Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki (Btk) or spinosad as the active ingredient can be effective in managing bagworms, according to Cloyd.He adds that the recommended insecticides have minimal direct impact on beneficial insects compared to broad-spectrum insecticides, which could lead to outbreaks of spider mites or scale insects that can cause damage to treated trees and shrubs.“If insecticides are not applied when bagworm caterpillars are 1/8 to 1/4 of an inch in length, then broad-spectrum insecticides, including those containing malathion, acephate, or cyfluthrin as the active ingredients can be applied,” Cloyd said. “Be sure to read the product label and follow directions before making applications.”Hand removing and destroying bagworm bags is an option for smaller infestations.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. you can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Patience and persistence required when treating for bagworms

In many areas of Kansas, prolonged drought has resulted in short wheat and thin stands. Harvesting wheat in these situations can be a challenge. Special attention needs to be given to cutting height, machine adjustments, and operator control. In short wheat, getting the heads into the combine with less straw will be a challenge. In some cases, the reel may not be able to effectively convey the wheat back from the cutter bar to the auger, nor hold it in place during cutting. Short cutting will also mean more contact potential with the ground and reduced levels of surface residue which will likely negatively impact moisture storage.

In the case of material conveyance, stripper headers, air reels, and draper headers may be a great help. The information in this article has been condensed considerably, for the full article search for K-State Agronomy eUpdate.

Stripper headers - stripper headers allow the grain to be harvested efficiently while leaving the maximum amount of standing residue in the field.

Air reels - air reels will also aid in the material conveyance from the cutter bar to the auger in reel-type units when crops are light or thin.

Draper headers and flex heads - draper headers may help with the conveyance of material since they have a very short distance between the cutterbar the conveyance belt.

Flex heads will also help deal with the lower cutting heights and potential ground strikes.

If harvesting with a draper or flex header, maintain the cutting height as high as possible to preserve standing stubble. Typically, cutting wheat at two-thirds of its full height will result in losses of less than 0.5 percent as any missed heads contain light weight grain that will be lost as tailings during the harvesting process.

Conventional headers - for many farmers, new equipment may not be an economical choice and you may have to make do with a conventional head on your combine. In this case, adjust the reel to get the best movement of the heads from the cutter bar to the auger.

Combine adjustments - in addition to material conveyance and cutting height, lower yields and uneven crop flow may also require performing combine adjustments to the concave/rotor cage clearance, cylinder/rotor speed, and fan speed. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Summary -although this will be a rough wheat harvest for many farmers, some changes can be made to help maximize harvest efficiencies. If you have ever wanted to try an alternate header (stripper, flex-draper, etc.), this may be the year for you. For those not wanting to buy, renting may also be a viable option.

Producers in dryland production systems need to keep in mind that in very low-yielding wheat years, anything that can be done to preserve what little crop residue is present will have large impacts on evaporative losses and productivity of the next crop.

Information provided by Lucas Haag, Agronomist-in-Charge at Tribune, and Ajay Sharda, Extension Agricultural Engineer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>In many areas of Kansas, prolonged drought has resulted in short wheat and thin stands. Harvesting wheat in these situations can be a challenge. Special attention needs to be given to cutting height, machine adjustments, and operator control. In short wheat, getting the heads into the combine with less straw will be a challenge. In some cases, the reel may not be able to effectively convey the wheat back from the cutter bar to the auger, nor hold it in place during cutting. Short cutting will also mean more contact potential with the ground and reduced levels of surface residue which will likely negatively impact moisture storage.In the case of material conveyance, stripper headers, air reels, and draper headers may be a great help. The information in this article has been condensed considerably, for the full article search for K-State Agronomy eUpdate.Stripper headers - stripper headers allow the grain to be harvested efficiently while leaving the maximum amount of standing residue in the field.Air reels - air reels will also aid in the material conveyance from the cutter bar to the auger in reel-type units when crops are light or thin.Draper headers and flex heads - draper headers may help with the conveyance of material since they have a very short distance between the cutterbar the conveyance belt.Flex heads will also help deal with the lower cutting heights and potential ground strikes.If harvesting with a draper or flex header, maintain the cutting height as high as possible to preserve standing stubble. Typically, cutting wheat at two-thirds of its full height will result in losses of less than 0.5 percent as any missed heads contain light weight grain that will be lost as tailings during the harvesting process.Conventional headers - for many farmers, new equipment may not be an economical choice and you may have to make do with a conventional head on your combine. In this case, adjust the reel to get the best movement of the heads from the cutter bar to the auger.Combine adjustments - in addition to material conveyance and cutting height, lower yields and uneven crop flow may also require performing combine adjustments to the concave/rotor cage clearance, cylinder/rotor speed, and fan speed. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations.Summary -although this will be a rough wheat harvest for many farmers, some changes can be made to help maximize harvest efficiencies. If you have ever wanted to try an alternate header (stripper, flex-draper, etc.), this may be the year for you. For those not wanting to buy, renting may also be a viable option.Producers in dryland production systems need to keep in mind that in very low-yielding wheat years, anything that can be done to preserve what little crop residue is present will have large impacts on evaporative losses and productivity of the next crop.Information provided by Lucas Haag, Agronomist-in-Charge at Tribune, and Ajay Sharda, Extension Agricultural Engineer.

CAMPBELL: Considerations when harvesting short wheat

Low-income Kansas seniors may be eligible for a program that provides benefits to purchase locally grown, fresh, unprocessed fruits, vegetables, cut herbs and honey at farmers markets in selected counties throughout the state.

The Kansas Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program (KSFMNP) is providing seniors who meet age and income requirements with $50 to purchase fresh fruits, vegetables, cut herbs and honey from authorized farmers at local participating farmers markets, June 1 through Nov. 1, 2026.

To be eligible to receive KSFMNP coupons, the following criteria must be met:

1. Age: A senior must be 60 years old or older, or at least 55 years old and a member of an Indian Tribal Organization, on the day the benefits are issued.

2. Income level: A senior’s annual gross household income (before taxes are withheld) must be at or below 185% of the federal poverty level. For example, a household of one must have an annual gross income at or below $29,526, or a monthly gross income at or below $2,461.

Applications for the Kansas Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program will be available starting on June 1 at Cottonwood Extension Office Ellis County, 601 Main St. Seniors may apply on-site from June 1- Sept 30, 2026 or until coupons are given out. Office hours are 8am-12pm and 1pm-5pm M-F.

Applications for the KSFMNP will be available starting June 2 at the Cottonwood Extension Office Barton County, 3007 10th St. Applications and card distribution will take place on the following dates (or until coupons are given out):

Funds are limited and benefits will be provided on a first-come, first-served basis. For more information about the Kansas Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program, call Monique Koerner or Jay Harris at 785-628-9430.

Eating more fruits and vegetables can lower the risk of health problems like heart disease, diabetes, and some cancers, as well as manage existing health conditions.

The Senior Farmers’ Market Program is a project of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Nutrition Service (FNS). The program is coordinated by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE), which is collaborating with local partners to identify and distribute coupons to eligible seniors.

This institution is an equal opportunity provider.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu

K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Low-income Kansas seniors may be eligible for a program that provides benefits to purchase locally grown, fresh, unprocessed fruits, vegetables, cut herbs and honey at farmers markets in selected counties throughout the state.The Kansas Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program (KSFMNP) is providing seniors who meet age and income requirements with $50 to purchase fresh fruits, vegetables, cut herbs and honey from authorized farmers at local participating farmers markets, June 1 through Nov. 1, 2026.To be eligible to receive KSFMNP coupons, the following criteria must be met:1. Age: A senior must be 60 years old or older, or at least 55 years old and a member of an Indian Tribal Organization, on the day the benefits are issued.2. Income level: A senior’s annual gross household income (before taxes are withheld) must be at or below 185% of the federal poverty level. For example, a household of one must have an annual gross income at or below $29,526, or a monthly gross income at or below $2,461.Applications for the Kansas Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program will be available starting on June 1 at Cottonwood Extension Office Ellis County, 601 Main St. Seniors may apply on-site from June 1- Sept 30, 2026 or until coupons are given out. Office hours are 8am-12pm and 1pm-5pm M-F.Applications for the KSFMNP will be available starting June 2 at the Cottonwood Extension Office Barton County, 3007 10th St. Applications and card distribution will take place on the following dates (or until coupons are given out):· Tuesday, June 2· Thursday, June 4· Tuesday, June 9· Thursday, June 11Available times each day will be:· 10:00 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.· 1:00 p.m. – 3:00 p.m.Funds are limited and benefits will be provided on a first-come, first-served basis. For more information about the Kansas Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program, call Monique Koerner or Jay Harris at 785-628-9430.Eating more fruits and vegetables can lower the risk of health problems like heart disease, diabetes, and some cancers, as well as manage existing health conditions.The Senior Farmers’ Market Program is a project of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Nutrition Service (FNS). The program is coordinated by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE), which is collaborating with local partners to identify and distribute coupons to eligible seniors.This institution is an equal opportunity provider.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.eduK-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: Seniors encouraged to apply for benefits for local farmers markets

It’s crunch time for homeowners and others who manage warm-season grasses in Kansas.

“Turfgrasses should be fertilized when they are actively growing,” said K-State horticulture expert Matt McKernan. “For warm-season grasses, that time is here.”

McKernan said late spring and early summer fertilizer applications are ideal for bermudagrass, buffalograss and zoysiagrass. Fertilizing too early, he said, does not help warm-season grasses, but rather encourages cool season weeds to grow.

“Northern and northwest Kansas can wait until May 30 or after to fertilize warm-season grasses,” McKernan said. “Those in other areas of the state can fertilize beginning now (mid-May). Fertilizing too late in the season can increase the turfgrass’ vulnerability to winter damage.”

McKernan said homeowners should avoid fertilizing warm-season turf with nitrogen after Aug. 15.

Some recommendations for fertilizing the three most common warm-season varieties include:

· Bermudagrass –Apply one pound of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet every four weeks. Usually, two to four fertilizer applications are made each growing season, between May and early August.

· Zoysiagrass – Apply three-fourths pound of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet in two applications: one in mid to late-May and one in mid-July.

· Buffalograss – Nitrogen fertilizers are not needed for its survival, but applying a nitrogen fertilizer will improve the color and density of the lawn. Apply one pound of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet once between mid-May and early June. If a darker green is desired, follow the same fertilizer recommendations as zoysiagrass.

“Warm season lawns will naturally thrive on less nitrogen fertilizer and water than tall fescue or Kentucky bluegrass in Kansas,” McKernan added. “Keep in mind the more fertilizer and irrigation you apply, the more these grasses will need to be mowed. It is important to strike a good balance between how much you fertilize and how much you are willing to mow.”

More information on fertilizing a warm-season lawn is available in the K-State Extension publication, Fertilizing Kansas Lawns.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>It’s crunch time for homeowners and others who manage warm-season grasses in Kansas.“Turfgrasses should be fertilized when they are actively growing,” said K-State horticulture expert Matt McKernan. “For warm-season grasses, that time is here.”McKernan said late spring and early summer fertilizer applications are ideal for bermudagrass, buffalograss and zoysiagrass. Fertilizing too early, he said, does not help warm-season grasses, but rather encourages cool season weeds to grow.“Northern and northwest Kansas can wait until May 30 or after to fertilize warm-season grasses,” McKernan said. “Those in other areas of the state can fertilize beginning now (mid-May). Fertilizing too late in the season can increase the turfgrass’ vulnerability to winter damage.”McKernan said homeowners should avoid fertilizing warm-season turf with nitrogen after Aug. 15.Some recommendations for fertilizing the three most common warm-season varieties include:· Bermudagrass –Apply one pound of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet every four weeks. Usually, two to four fertilizer applications are made each growing season, between May and early August.· Zoysiagrass – Apply three-fourths pound of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet in two applications: one in mid to late-May and one in mid-July.· Buffalograss – Nitrogen fertilizers are not needed for its survival, but applying a nitrogen fertilizer will improve the color and density of the lawn. Apply one pound of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet once between mid-May and early June. If a darker green is desired, follow the same fertilizer recommendations as zoysiagrass.“Warm season lawns will naturally thrive on less nitrogen fertilizer and water than tall fescue or Kentucky bluegrass in Kansas,” McKernan added. “Keep in mind the more fertilizer and irrigation you apply, the more these grasses will need to be mowed. It is important to strike a good balance between how much you fertilize and how much you are willing to mow.”More information on fertilizing a warm-season lawn is available in the K-State Extension publication, Fertilizing Kansas Lawns.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. you can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Now is the time to fertilize warm-season grasses in Kansas

This past week’s Walk Kansas newsletter featured a great article titled, “Savor the Season, Stretch Your Budget” and I’d like to share some key points.

First, eating seasonally is a great way to boost health, stretch your budget, and enjoy food at peak flavor. Seasonal produce is typically harvested at its prime, meaning it has more time develop vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Also, because seasonal foods don’t need to travel long distances or sit in storage for extended periods, they retain more of the nutrients your body needs.

Flavor and freshness are a huge perk for eating seasonally. Biting into a fresh-picked tomato or strawberry are some of the best flavors of summer! I am not a very good gardener and we use a couple of recycled cattle-mineral tubs for a few tomato and pepper plants as well as fresh herbs.

The article includes some of my favorite herbs such as basil, cilantro, parsley, and thyme which are fairly easy to grow. Additionally, there are several varieties of these that are fun to experiment with – have you ever added purple basil to a recipe? I love being able to step out my kitchen door to snip off sprigs of whichever herb I need for flavoring dinner!

Many years ago, our family planted a couple of hills of pumpkins. While it was fun to have the pumpkins in the fall, nothing was more fun than watching my kids run to the patch every day to check the blossoms and the progressions from those blossoms into their very own pumpkins!

Eating seasonally encourages variety, supports local agriculture, and helps you connect more closely with the foods on your plate. For more information, check out walkkansas.org and look for the newsletter tab.

We have family and friends who share seasonal produce such as asparagus, zucchini, and tomatoes. Our family loves to drizzle fresh asparagus with a little olive oil, sprinkle on some steak seasoning, and add it to the grill. In about 10 minutes, you have a fresh, seasonal side dish that screams of spring!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>This past week’s Walk Kansas newsletter featured a great article titled, “Savor the Season, Stretch Your Budget” and I’d like to share some key points.First, eating seasonally is a great way to boost health, stretch your budget, and enjoy food at peak flavor. Seasonal produce is typically harvested at its prime, meaning it has more time develop vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Also, because seasonal foods don’t need to travel long distances or sit in storage for extended periods, they retain more of the nutrients your body needs.Flavor and freshness are a huge perk for eating seasonally. Biting into a fresh-picked tomato or strawberry are some of the best flavors of summer! I am not a very good gardener and we use a couple of recycled cattle-mineral tubs for a few tomato and pepper plants as well as fresh herbs.The article includes some of my favorite herbs such as basil, cilantro, parsley, and thyme which are fairly easy to grow. Additionally, there are several varieties of these that are fun to experiment with – have you ever added purple basil to a recipe? I love being able to step out my kitchen door to snip off sprigs of whichever herb I need for flavoring dinner!Many years ago, our family planted a couple of hills of pumpkins. While it was fun to have the pumpkins in the fall, nothing was more fun than watching my kids run to the patch every day to check the blossoms and the progressions from those blossoms into their very own pumpkins!Eating seasonally encourages variety, supports local agriculture, and helps you connect more closely with the foods on your plate. For more information, check out walkkansas.org and look for the newsletter tab.We have family and friends who share seasonal produce such as asparagus, zucchini, and tomatoes. Our family loves to drizzle fresh asparagus with a little olive oil, sprinkle on some steak seasoning, and add it to the grill. In about 10 minutes, you have a fresh, seasonal side dish that screams of spring!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other K-State Extension resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.All Kansas Extension education programs and materials are available to all individuals without discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age or disability.

BERAN: Savor the season, stretch your budget

The viruses that cause wheat streak mosaic need no introduction in many parts of Kansas. Wheat streak mosaic is one of the most economically devastating wheat diseases in the state. Although statewide levels are lower than in 2025, we are again seeing wheat streak mosaic infections in many fields.

Wheat streak mosaic complex is caused by several viruses, including wheat streak mosaic virus, triticum mosaic virus, and High Plains wheat mosaic virus. These viruses are transmitted by the tiny wheat curl mite, which survives between seasons on volunteer wheat and other grassy hosts. Infections can occur in the fall or spring but can result in more severe yield loss when they occur in the fall after planting. Wheat streak mosaic symptoms develop most rapidly at temperatures above 70 degrees F. We often see symptoms appear when temperatures warm in the spring. Symptoms appear as green and yellow streaks on wheat leaves. Infected plants may be stunted with reduced tiller numbers, particularly if infections occurred in the fall.

The best management strategy is to destroy volunteer wheat immediately after harvest and maintain a “wheat-free period” over the summer months. There are some varieties that carry limited resistance to these viruses. More info on how your varieties stack up against this complex of viruses can be found in the Kansas Wheat Variety Guide: https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF3383.pdf

Sample Submission to K-State Disease Diagnostic Lab When in doubt, wheat samples can be submitted to the K-State plant disease diagnostic lab or your local Extension Office. (https://www.plantpath.k-state.edu/extension/plant-disease-diagnostic-lab/). As a reminder, a well-submitted sample earlier in the week, and fast shipping (FedEx or UPS, not USPS) are key to a good diagnosis. Any questions about collecting a sample and submission to the lab can be directed to your local Extension Office.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>The viruses that cause wheat streak mosaic need no introduction in many parts of Kansas. Wheat streak mosaic is one of the most economically devastating wheat diseases in the state. Although statewide levels are lower than in 2025, we are again seeing wheat streak mosaic infections in many fields.Wheat streak mosaic complex is caused by several viruses, including wheat streak mosaic virus, triticum mosaic virus, and High Plains wheat mosaic virus. These viruses are transmitted by the tiny wheat curl mite, which survives between seasons on volunteer wheat and other grassy hosts. Infections can occur in the fall or spring but can result in more severe yield loss when they occur in the fall after planting. Wheat streak mosaic symptoms develop most rapidly at temperatures above 70 degrees F. We often see symptoms appear when temperatures warm in the spring. Symptoms appear as green and yellow streaks on wheat leaves. Infected plants may be stunted with reduced tiller numbers, particularly if infections occurred in the fall.The best management strategy is to destroy volunteer wheat immediately after harvest and maintain a “wheat-free period” over the summer months. There are some varieties that carry limited resistance to these viruses. More info on how your varieties stack up against this complex of viruses can be found in the Kansas Wheat Variety Guide: https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF3383.pdfSample Submission to K-State Disease Diagnostic Lab When in doubt, wheat samples can be submitted to the K-State plant disease diagnostic lab or your local Extension Office. (https://www.plantpath.k-state.edu/extension/plant-disease-diagnostic-lab/). As a reminder, a well-submitted sample earlier in the week, and fast shipping (FedEx or UPS, not USPS) are key to a good diagnosis. Any questions about collecting a sample and submission to the lab can be directed to your local Extension Office.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Wheat streak mosaic virus complex

Tis the season for warmer temperatures, getting outdoors and playing in green, grassy fields – all fun, but also conditions that favor a blood-sucking parasite that preys on humans, pets and livestock.

Many tick bites are harmless, but some ticks can transmit pathogens causing diseases such as Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. K-State Entomologist Cassandra Olds said that avoiding tick bites is the first level of defense.

“Be careful when you’re outdoors, especially when you’re in an area with long grass,” she said. “Ticks need to be protected from the elements, so they like to be in the grass and leaf litter, but then they come out looking for a meal.”

When in tall grassy areas, Olds suggests tucking pants into socks, and shirts into pants to limit tick access to your skin. You can even duct tape shirt sleeves to skin.

“You just really want to limit the entry points where a tick can get in,” she said. “Then, once you’re back indoors, take off your clothes, put them in the wash and do a full body check.”

If a tick is found on the body, and it is not embedded you can pick it off to remove. If it has attached, Olds suggests using the thumb and forefinger to pull it away from the body with steady but firm pressure.

Olds said that once a tick finds a host, it must penetrate the skin, secure its mouth parts and initiate feeding – which takes about 24 to 48 hours. She said that if ticks can be repelled, prevented from attaching or killed during this period, then it reduces the chance that it will have transmitted a pathogen.

“I always get people freaked out when I say this, but you should then store that tick in a Ziploc bag in the freezer for two weeks,” she said. “If by chance that tick was carrying (a pathogen) and you start getting flu-like symptoms, or feeling sick, you can then take that tick with you to your doctor or send to (K-State’s Department of Entomology) for identification. If we know what tick species it is, it narrows down what you might be infected with, which gives us a head start for treatment.”

The tick species that most commonly infest people and domestic animals in Kansas are the American dog tick, lone star tick, winter tick, and the blacklegged tick (or deer tick).

“The American dog tick is one that is a big problem because it can transmit a nasty pathogen called the Rocky Mountain spotted fever to dogs and humans,” Olds said.

The American dog tick can also induce tick paralysis, which is caused by components in tick saliva. Tick paralysis occurs more frequently in children and smaller animals and can often be reversed by removing the tick in a timely manner.

The lone star tick is one that people come across more commonly in Kansas. The female tick is brown, with a white spot on it; the male is similar-looking, but without the white spot.

The lone star tick can transmit several pathogens, but is also known to cause the malady known as alpha-gal syndrome, or an allergy to mammalian food products or items with animal additives, including several medications.

To protect dogs, cats and livestock, Olds said a regular application of acaricides – which are pesticides used to kill ticks and mites – may be necessary. She suggests consulting with a veterinarian for the best recommendation to protect animals.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Tis the season for warmer temperatures, getting outdoors and playing in green, grassy fields – all fun, but also conditions that favor a blood-sucking parasite that preys on humans, pets and livestock.Many tick bites are harmless, but some ticks can transmit pathogens causing diseases such as Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. K-State Entomologist Cassandra Olds said that avoiding tick bites is the first level of defense.“Be careful when you’re outdoors, especially when you’re in an area with long grass,” she said. “Ticks need to be protected from the elements, so they like to be in the grass and leaf litter, but then they come out looking for a meal.”When in tall grassy areas, Olds suggests tucking pants into socks, and shirts into pants to limit tick access to your skin. You can even duct tape shirt sleeves to skin.“You just really want to limit the entry points where a tick can get in,” she said. “Then, once you’re back indoors, take off your clothes, put them in the wash and do a full body check.”If a tick is found on the body, and it is not embedded you can pick it off to remove. If it has attached, Olds suggests using the thumb and forefinger to pull it away from the body with steady but firm pressure.Olds said that once a tick finds a host, it must penetrate the skin, secure its mouth parts and initiate feeding – which takes about 24 to 48 hours. She said that if ticks can be repelled, prevented from attaching or killed during this period, then it reduces the chance that it will have transmitted a pathogen.“I always get people freaked out when I say this, but you should then store that tick in a Ziploc bag in the freezer for two weeks,” she said. “If by chance that tick was carrying (a pathogen) and you start getting flu-like symptoms, or feeling sick, you can then take that tick with you to your doctor or send to (K-State’s Department of Entomology) for identification. If we know what tick species it is, it narrows down what you might be infected with, which gives us a head start for treatment.”The tick species that most commonly infest people and domestic animals in Kansas are the American dog tick, lone star tick, winter tick, and the blacklegged tick (or deer tick).“The American dog tick is one that is a big problem because it can transmit a nasty pathogen called the Rocky Mountain spotted fever to dogs and humans,” Olds said.The American dog tick can also induce tick paralysis, which is caused by components in tick saliva. Tick paralysis occurs more frequently in children and smaller animals and can often be reversed by removing the tick in a timely manner.The lone star tick is one that people come across more commonly in Kansas. The female tick is brown, with a white spot on it; the male is similar-looking, but without the white spot.The lone star tick can transmit several pathogens, but is also known to cause the malady known as alpha-gal syndrome, or an allergy to mammalian food products or items with animal additives, including several medications.To protect dogs, cats and livestock, Olds said a regular application of acaricides – which are pesticides used to kill ticks and mites – may be necessary. She suggests consulting with a veterinarian for the best recommendation to protect animals.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. you can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Tick season has arrived in Kansas - tips for avoiding and protecting against

Week of May 11 - 18 Thursday, May 14 Chamber Coffee: K-State Extension - Cottonwood District 3007 10th Street, Great Bend Doors open at 9 a.m., program starts at 9:30 a.m.

Ribbon Cutting: Dawson's Roadside Assistance Chamber boardroom - 1125 Williams, Great Bend Immediately following chamber coffee, approximately 10:15 a.m.

Ribbon Cutting: SRCA Dragstrip 9951 B-29 Way, Great Bend, 3 p.m.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2026/5/1778000550249.png" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>Week of May 11 - 18 Thursday, May 14 Chamber Coffee: K-State Extension - Cottonwood District 3007 10th Street, Great Bend Doors open at 9 a.m., program starts at 9:30 a.m. Ribbon Cutting: Dawson's Roadside Assistance Chamber boardroom - 1125 Williams, Great Bend Immediately following chamber coffee, approximately 10:15 a.m. Ribbon Cutting: SRCA Dragstrip 9951 B-29 Way, Great Bend, 3 p.m.Save the date!<ul>
 <li>June 3&nbsp;- CHAMBER AFTER HOURS EVENT - Wheatland Electric @ Dry Lake Brewing 4PM-7PM</li><li>Aug. 13&nbsp;- Business Showcase&nbsp;- Trade show&nbsp;style event held at the&nbsp;USD 428&nbsp;PAC. Registration not open yet.&nbsp;</li><li>Sept. 2&nbsp;- Kid's Ag Day - volunteers and planning committee members needed,&nbsp;details&nbsp;still under construction - stay tuned.&nbsp;</li><li>Sept. 25&nbsp;- 20th ANNUAL CHAMBER GOLF TOURNAMENT, registration not open yet</li><li>Oct. 20&nbsp;- CHAMBER AFTER HOURS - Barton Community College @ Camp Aldrich</li>
 </ul>

Upcoming Great Bend Chamber events for week of May 11-18

The Annual Wheat Variety Demonstration Plot Field Days for the Cottonwood Extension District are coming up on Wednesday, May 13. Barton County starts at 8:30 a.m. and Ellis County at 6:00 p.m.

Even though it has been a rough spring for the wheat crop I would encourage growers to try and attend to see how each variety looks compared to the others. In tough years we can sometimes learn more about different varieties and how they perform compared to a good year when they all seem to do well.

As always there will be some Extension specialist with K-State Research &amp; Extension to talk about the varieties and their strengths and weaknesses. Jeanne Falk Jones, NW Area Extension Agronomists and Eric DeWolf, K-State Plant Pathology will both be on hand at both locations. These folks get to see many different wheat varieties and management practices scattered across the region and bring a wealth of knowledge.

The field days usually last about one and a half to sometimes two hours depending on questions and discussion. As always bring any questions you might have, it is informal and we want and encourage discussion and questions.

Donuts, coffee, water and juice will be provided in Barton County courtesy of American Ag Credit, Great Bend and Ed Junior Farm of Otis, Tim Oborny. No RSVP necessary.

A meal and refreshments will be provided by Gemini Jr’s. 4-H Club at the Ellis County Field Day. RSVP is Requested for Meal Count. The meal and refreshments are courtesy of several businesses in the county. You can RSVP several ways by calling Theresa at our office 785-628-9430, email her at tam3@ksu.edu or <a href="https://kstate.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_6RqD9p8oc5rdbQG">CLICK HERE.</a>

So, if you are in Barton County, please come join us before you go to the field. Have a donut and something to drink, see and hear about the newest wheat varieties in the plot, and visit with other farmers. Ellis County farmers, well you might as well quit a little early and join us and have a good supper and conversation before calling it a day. Or at least when you go back to the field supper is out of the way!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>The Annual Wheat Variety Demonstration Plot Field Days for the Cottonwood Extension District are coming up on Wednesday, May 13. Barton County starts at 8:30 a.m. and Ellis County at 6:00 p.m.Even though it has been a rough spring for the wheat crop I would encourage growers to try and attend to see how each variety looks compared to the others. In tough years we can sometimes learn more about different varieties and how they perform compared to a good year when they all seem to do well.As always there will be some Extension specialist with K-State Research &amp; Extension to talk about the varieties and their strengths and weaknesses. Jeanne Falk Jones, NW Area Extension Agronomists and Eric DeWolf, K-State Plant Pathology will both be on hand at both locations. These folks get to see many different wheat varieties and management practices scattered across the region and bring a wealth of knowledge.The field days usually last about one and a half to sometimes two hours depending on questions and discussion. As always bring any questions you might have, it is informal and we want and encourage discussion and questions.Donuts, coffee, water and juice will be provided in Barton County courtesy of American Ag Credit, Great Bend and Ed Junior Farm of Otis, Tim Oborny. No RSVP necessary.A meal and refreshments will be provided by Gemini Jr’s. 4-H Club at the Ellis County Field Day. RSVP is Requested for Meal Count. The meal and refreshments are courtesy of several businesses in the county. You can RSVP several ways by calling Theresa at our office 785-628-9430, email her at tam3@ksu.edu or <a href="https://kstate.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_6RqD9p8oc5rdbQG">CLICK HERE.</a>So, if you are in Barton County, please come join us before you go to the field. Have a donut and something to drink, see and hear about the newest wheat varieties in the plot, and visit with other farmers. Ellis County farmers, well you might as well quit a little early and join us and have a good supper and conversation before calling it a day. Or at least when you go back to the field supper is out of the way!Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Wheat variety plot field days for Barton, Ellis set for May 13

K-State Extension is pleased to announce they will again be offering a series of prenatal education sessions in the Ellis County area beginning on May 21. These sessions, available free-of-charge to all area families regardless of income or other social determinants, are being provided thanks to a partnership between the Kansas Department of Health and Environment Bureau of Family Health, March of Dimes, First Care Clinic, High Plains Mental Health, Early Childhood Connections, Hays Public Library, Feeding Hays, KidLink DSNWK, Jana’s Campaign, Prospectively Healthy, and Ellis County Emergency Medical Services. 

Utilizing the March of Dimes’ Becoming a Mom®/Comenzando bien® curriculum, expectant participants and their support person(s) will learn about topics related to physical and emotional health during pregnancy, as well as receive in-depth education surrounding labor and delivery, infant feeding, infant care, safe sleep, and other hot button parenting issues. Information about area resources and additional parenting support systems in the community will also be provided.

I’m incredibly excited about the dedicated instructors and community partners who have come together to bring Becoming a Mom to life here in Ellis County. I’ve long envisioned a space where families can connect, build relationships with other parents, and support one another. During a meeting of the Ellis County Breastfeeding Coalition, we discussed the idea of a mentorship program for parents and felt that the Becoming a Mom classes offered a great opportunity to make that vision a reality. 

Another key goal of the program is to connect families with valuable resources by involving community partners who work with expectant parents and young families at each session. My hope is that by helping parents get to know these service providers personally, it will make it easier for them to reach out when they need support. Becoming a Mom will hopefully lead to improved pregnancy and birth outcomes for moms and babies in the Ellis county area, just as they have across many locations in Kansas. 

Since 2010, evaluation efforts for the Becoming a Mom® program according to the Kansas Perinatal Community Collaborative model, have been overwhelmingly positive. Outcomes have shown significant improvement in rates of preterm birth, low birth weight, breastfeeding initiation, and lower cesarean rates.

All area pregnant women are encouraged to attend, regardless of past experience with pregnancy or parenting. Incentives for participation will be provided thanks to grants made available through KDHE. Mothers, fathers, and support people are invited to attend each class. You can choose which classes you want to attend but you earn bigger incentives (portable crib or infant playmat) for attending 4 out of the 6 classes. 

Families in surrounding communities may also be interested in attending due to a meal being offered, thanks to the generosity of Feeding Hays. To obtain a schedule of class dates or to register for sessions, please contact Monique at Cottonwood Extension District by emailing/calling at MONIQUEK@KSU.EDU or 785-628-9430. 

You can also find Ellis County Becoming a Mom program on the Web at HTTPS://COTTONWOOD.K-STATE.EDU/BECOMING-A-MOM/ and Facebook HTTPS://WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/KSRECOTTONWOOD.

Becoming a Mom is also offered in Barton County through the Barton County Health Department. Parents in Barton County can call the Barton County Health Department at 620-793-1902 to inquire about classes as well.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or MONIQUEK@KSU.EDU

K-State Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>K-State Extension is pleased to announce they will again be offering a series of prenatal education sessions in the Ellis County area beginning on May 21. These sessions, available free-of-charge to all area families regardless of income or other social determinants, are being provided thanks to a partnership between the Kansas Department of Health and Environment Bureau of Family Health, March of Dimes, First Care Clinic, High Plains Mental Health, Early Childhood Connections, Hays Public Library, Feeding Hays, KidLink DSNWK, Jana’s Campaign, Prospectively Healthy, and Ellis County Emergency Medical Services. Utilizing the March of Dimes’ Becoming a Mom®/Comenzando bien® curriculum, expectant participants and their support person(s) will learn about topics related to physical and emotional health during pregnancy, as well as receive in-depth education surrounding labor and delivery, infant feeding, infant care, safe sleep, and other hot button parenting issues. Information about area resources and additional parenting support systems in the community will also be provided.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2026/5/1777933404444.png" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>I’m incredibly excited about the dedicated instructors and community partners who have come together to bring Becoming a Mom to life here in Ellis County. I’ve long envisioned a space where families can connect, build relationships with other parents, and support one another. During a meeting of the Ellis County Breastfeeding Coalition, we discussed the idea of a mentorship program for parents and felt that the Becoming a Mom classes offered a great opportunity to make that vision a reality. Another key goal of the program is to connect families with valuable resources by involving community partners who work with expectant parents and young families at each session. My hope is that by helping parents get to know these service providers personally, it will make it easier for them to reach out when they need support. Becoming a Mom will hopefully lead to improved pregnancy and birth outcomes for moms and babies in the Ellis county area, just as they have across many locations in Kansas. Since 2010, evaluation efforts for the Becoming a Mom® program according to the Kansas Perinatal Community Collaborative model, have been overwhelmingly positive. Outcomes have shown significant improvement in rates of preterm birth, low birth weight, breastfeeding initiation, and lower cesarean rates.All area pregnant women are encouraged to attend, regardless of past experience with pregnancy or parenting. Incentives for participation will be provided thanks to grants made available through KDHE. Mothers, fathers, and support people are invited to attend each class. You can choose which classes you want to attend but you earn bigger incentives (portable crib or infant playmat) for attending 4 out of the 6 classes. Families in surrounding communities may also be interested in attending due to a meal being offered, thanks to the generosity of Feeding Hays. To obtain a schedule of class dates or to register for sessions, please contact Monique at Cottonwood Extension District by emailing/calling at MONIQUEK@KSU.EDU or 785-628-9430. You can also find Ellis County Becoming a Mom program on the Web at HTTPS://COTTONWOOD.K-STATE.EDU/BECOMING-A-MOM/ and Facebook HTTPS://WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/KSRECOTTONWOOD.Becoming a Mom is also offered in Barton County through the Barton County Health Department. Parents in Barton County can call the Barton County Health Department at 620-793-1902 to inquire about classes as well.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or MONIQUEK@KSU.EDUK-State Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: Becoming a Mom prenatal education classes

May is Mental Health awareness month and the past few years have been extremely difficult to navigate. It has never been more important to talk about stress and mental strain each one of us may be experiencing. Sustained higher levels of stress can lead to depression, anxiety, fatigue, and other triggers that cause a greater propensity for attempting suicide. The stigma of mental health can also make it difficult for people to feel that they can reach out for support. There are a number of helpful sources available for people in need and I will highlight those today.

The National Suicide helpline is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week by calling or texting “988”. Support services are confidential and free of charge. This helpline is now a streamlined version of the suicide hotline and involves the ability to call and talk with someone, or text the number and use the text version if you do not want to talk.

Local resources are also available. In the Great Bend area, the Center for Counseling and Consultation can be reached on their confidential crisis line 24 hours a day, seven days a week at 800-875-2544 or 620-792-2544 as well as at their website https://thecentergb.org. In the Hays area, High Plains Mental Health is there to help. Contract them at 785-628-2871 or on their crisis line 24/7 at 800-432-0333. Their website is https://hpmhc.com.

K-State Extension also has available resources. The Stress and Resiliency team are trained in several programs including: Mental Health First Aid, Michigan State Farm Stress Training, and QPR (Question, Persuade, Refer). The Team is available for on sight programs, contact them at https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/health/stress-management/trainings-programs.html, or by email to rclews@ksu,.edu or aboor@ksu.edu.

The Kansas Agriculture Mediations Services are ready to assist. They will gather your information and can connect you with financial advisors, legal advice, lawyers, and can also put you in contact with metal health facilities closer to your location. One call can get you in touch with many that can help your unique situation. They can be reached at 800-321-3276.

In closing, be sure to watch out for your friends and family. If you feel like something is wrong, ask. Help them get the help they need. And remember it is beneficial to implement daily coping strategies. Try taking a walk, get a message, or try guided restful breathing practices. Other coping suggestions to try, listen to music or just take ten minutes to write down your blessings. Positive thoughts and practices can go a long way to improve an outlook on life. But, mostly if you need help, please seek it. Your friends and family need you.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681527025.jpeg" alt="written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>May is Mental Health awareness month and the past few years have been extremely difficult to navigate. It has never been more important to talk about stress and mental strain each one of us may be experiencing. Sustained higher levels of stress can lead to depression, anxiety, fatigue, and other triggers that cause a greater propensity for attempting suicide. The stigma of mental health can also make it difficult for people to feel that they can reach out for support. There are a number of helpful sources available for people in need and I will highlight those today.The National Suicide helpline is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week by calling or texting “988”. Support services are confidential and free of charge. This helpline is now a streamlined version of the suicide hotline and involves the ability to call and talk with someone, or text the number and use the text version if you do not want to talk.Local resources are also available. In the Great Bend area, the Center for Counseling and Consultation can be reached on their confidential crisis line 24 hours a day, seven days a week at 800-875-2544 or 620-792-2544 as well as at their website https://thecentergb.org. In the Hays area, High Plains Mental Health is there to help. Contract them at 785-628-2871 or on their crisis line 24/7 at 800-432-0333. Their website is https://hpmhc.com.K-State Extension also has available resources. The Stress and Resiliency team are trained in several programs including: Mental Health First Aid, Michigan State Farm Stress Training, and QPR (Question, Persuade, Refer). The Team is available for on sight programs, contact them at https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/health/stress-management/trainings-programs.html, or by email to rclews@ksu,.edu or aboor@ksu.edu.The Kansas Agriculture Mediations Services are ready to assist. They will gather your information and can connect you with financial advisors, legal advice, lawyers, and can also put you in contact with metal health facilities closer to your location. One call can get you in touch with many that can help your unique situation. They can be reached at 800-321-3276.In closing, be sure to watch out for your friends and family. If you feel like something is wrong, ask. Help them get the help they need. And remember it is beneficial to implement daily coping strategies. Try taking a walk, get a message, or try guided restful breathing practices. Other coping suggestions to try, listen to music or just take ten minutes to write down your blessings. Positive thoughts and practices can go a long way to improve an outlook on life. But, mostly if you need help, please seek it. Your friends and family need you.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.K-State Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: May is Mental Health Awareness Month - resources are available

Adjuvants are commonly used to increase the efficacy in farming of postemergence herbicide applications. There are a few key types of adjuvants, including:

· methylated seed oils (MSO) · nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate (AMS) or urea ammonium nitrate (UAN).

The success of many herbicide applications depends on selecting the correct adjuvant, which is always described on the herbicide label. For example, COC is often recommended with clethodim (Select), MSO with tembotrione (Laudis), MSO plus AMS with saflufenacil (Sharpen), and NIS with mesotrione (Callisto). In some cases, using the wrong adjuvant may reduce herbicide efficacy or increase crop injury. One important example of this is glyphosate (Roundup) when mixed with COC or MSO.

High Surfactant Oil Concentrate (HSOC) adjuvants were developed for use in tank mixes that include herbicides that require an oil adjuvant and glyphosate. HSOC adjuvants are oil-based, containing 20% to 50% surfactant and a minimum of 50% of oil. An HSOC can use either COC (HSPOC) or MSO (HSMOC). The surfactant component of HSOC improves droplet spread and disperses oil-soluble compounds in water while the oil component increases absorption across the leaf cuticle. The overall effectiveness of an HSOC on hydrophilic (water-soluble) and lipophilic (oil-loving) herbicides depends on the properties of the oil and surfactant, and the oil-to-surfactant ratio. Research conducted in North Dakota showed that glyphosate plus dicamba or tembotrione provided greater control of several indicator species, on average, with HSMOC compared to HSPOCs evaluated.

Always follow label requirements and recommendations for adjuvant use. If the herbicide label does not specify HSOC use directions, HSOC adjuvants should generally be applied at half the labeled rate of COC or MSO, typically around 0.5 % v/v, to minimize the risk of crop injury. For additional information about adjuvants, search for Adjuvants with Herbicides. When and Why They Are Needed. For more detailed information about herbicides, see the “2026 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, and Noncropland” guide online or check with your local K-State Extension office for a paper copy.

The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements.

Information provided by K-State Research &amp; Extension Weed Management Specialists

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Adjuvants are commonly used to increase the efficacy in farming of postemergence herbicide applications. There are a few key types of adjuvants, including:· nonionic surfactants (NIS)· crop oil concentrates (COC)· methylated seed oils (MSO) · nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate (AMS) or urea ammonium nitrate (UAN).The success of many herbicide applications depends on selecting the correct adjuvant, which is always described on the herbicide label. For example, COC is often recommended with clethodim (Select), MSO with tembotrione (Laudis), MSO plus AMS with saflufenacil (Sharpen), and NIS with mesotrione (Callisto). In some cases, using the wrong adjuvant may reduce herbicide efficacy or increase crop injury. One important example of this is glyphosate (Roundup) when mixed with COC or MSO.High Surfactant Oil Concentrate (HSOC) adjuvants were developed for use in tank mixes that include herbicides that require an oil adjuvant and glyphosate. HSOC adjuvants are oil-based, containing 20% to 50% surfactant and a minimum of 50% of oil. An HSOC can use either COC (HSPOC) or MSO (HSMOC). The surfactant component of HSOC improves droplet spread and disperses oil-soluble compounds in water while the oil component increases absorption across the leaf cuticle. The overall effectiveness of an HSOC on hydrophilic (water-soluble) and lipophilic (oil-loving) herbicides depends on the properties of the oil and surfactant, and the oil-to-surfactant ratio. Research conducted in North Dakota showed that glyphosate plus dicamba or tembotrione provided greater control of several indicator species, on average, with HSMOC compared to HSPOCs evaluated.Always follow label requirements and recommendations for adjuvant use. If the herbicide label does not specify HSOC use directions, HSOC adjuvants should generally be applied at half the labeled rate of COC or MSO, typically around 0.5 % v/v, to minimize the risk of crop injury. For additional information about adjuvants, search for Adjuvants with Herbicides. When and Why They Are Needed. For more detailed information about herbicides, see the “2026 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, and Noncropland” guide online or check with your local K-State Extension office for a paper copy.The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements.Information provided by K-State Research &amp; Extension Weed Management Specialists

CAMPBELL: High surfactant oil concentrate adjuvants in herbicides

April 27th is National Storytelling Day, which reminds me of the importance of literacy activities across the lifespan. Storytelling connects generations, preserves traditions, and helps you learn about the world around you. While reading aloud is often associated with young children, literacy is important at every stage of life.

In early childhood, reading helps build the foundation for language development, school readiness, and social emotional growth. During the first five years of life, children’s brains develop rapidly, and exposure to books, songs and storytelling helps strengthen vocabulary, communications skills and imagination. Reading with young children also creates meaningful bonding time with parents and caregivers.

As children grow, literacy remains essential for academic success. Strong reading skills help students learn across all subjects, build confidence and develop critical thinking abilities. Teens and adults rely on literacy every day to navigate school, careers, finances, healthcare information, and daily responsibilities.

Literacy also supports healthy aging. Reading, writing, and lifelong learning can help older adults stay mentally engaged, connected to others, and maintain cognitive health. Whether reading for enjoyment, learning new skills or sharing family stories with younger generations, literacy continues to enrich lives.

K-State Extension promotes literacy through creative programs like Story Walks, which place pages of a children’s book along walking paths or community spaces. Families can read together while enjoying physical activity outdoors. Getting outside, moving our bodies and engaging our brains all have a positive impacts across the lifespan. Story Walks can be placed in a park, school or other outdoor space and left for a period of time or they can be part of a program for an organization that could include a sensory activity and a healthy snack. We have many different titles to choose from. Please contact our office if you are interested.

On National Storytelling Day (or everyday!), consider reading a favorite book or sharing a family memory. Literacy opens doors at every age and every story shared today can inspire a lifetime of learning.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>April 27th is National Storytelling Day, which reminds me of the importance of literacy activities across the lifespan. Storytelling connects generations, preserves traditions, and helps you learn about the world around you. While reading aloud is often associated with young children, literacy is important at every stage of life.In early childhood, reading helps build the foundation for language development, school readiness, and social emotional growth. During the first five years of life, children’s brains develop rapidly, and exposure to books, songs and storytelling helps strengthen vocabulary, communications skills and imagination. Reading with young children also creates meaningful bonding time with parents and caregivers.As children grow, literacy remains essential for academic success. Strong reading skills help students learn across all subjects, build confidence and develop critical thinking abilities. Teens and adults rely on literacy every day to navigate school, careers, finances, healthcare information, and daily responsibilities.Literacy also supports healthy aging. Reading, writing, and lifelong learning can help older adults stay mentally engaged, connected to others, and maintain cognitive health. Whether reading for enjoyment, learning new skills or sharing family stories with younger generations, literacy continues to enrich lives.K-State Extension promotes literacy through creative programs like Story Walks, which place pages of a children’s book along walking paths or community spaces. Families can read together while enjoying physical activity outdoors. Getting outside, moving our bodies and engaging our brains all have a positive impacts across the lifespan. Story Walks can be placed in a park, school or other outdoor space and left for a period of time or they can be part of a program for an organization that could include a sensory activity and a healthy snack. We have many different titles to choose from. Please contact our office if you are interested.On National Storytelling Day (or everyday!), consider reading a favorite book or sharing a family memory. Literacy opens doors at every age and every story shared today can inspire a lifetime of learning.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.eduK-State Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: Celebrate National Storytelling Day today

As the tax preparer’s in our area take a deep breath after April 15, what are some ways that you can utilize a tax refund?

It is easy to use a tax refund to splurge on fun things or even things that you have put off purchasing. I have certainly been in that position!

Another way to look at it is to divide your refund up into several priorities. Just like day to day expenses, building a budget can be helpful.

First, do you have bills that need to be caught up? Next, can you set aside a small portion toward savings? Finally, can you set aside a small portion for an inexpensive family activity or dinner?

Your tax refund may not cover all of every bill. However, applying an extra portion from your tax return to each one can definitely help in making progress. In some cases, it may make sense to evaluate the one(s) with higher interest to make a priority.

Do you have a savings or emergency fund established? Most financial institutions do have minimum balances and limited withdrawals to avoid fees on savings because the accounts are intended to help you save, not constantly move money in and out. United Way of Central Kansas has put together a great program “Bank On Central Kansas” and works with several community partners to provide access to safe, low-cost, and functional bank accounts. You can find out more about this program at Bank On Central Kansas | United Way of Central Kansas at uwck.org/bankon.

Finally, when you have been working on a very thin budget, it is hard to not celebrate making progress. Pack a picnic lunch and spend some time at the zoo! Splurge a little (a little is the important word!) on fun snacks, sidewalk chalk, bubbles, and a new ball for a family game night in your own yard. Does your family regularly cook together? If not, pizza night where everyone helps prepare toppings and makes their own mini-pizza can be an economical and fun family experience.

Whatever way you put your plan into place, talk about it with your family. Littles can begin to understand that planning and savings, while taking care of responsibilities, are important life skills. These are all ways to model behaviors and set examples!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Michelle Beran - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>As the tax preparer’s in our area take a deep breath after April 15, what are some ways that you can utilize a tax refund?It is easy to use a tax refund to splurge on fun things or even things that you have put off purchasing. I have certainly been in that position!Another way to look at it is to divide your refund up into several priorities. Just like day to day expenses, building a budget can be helpful.First, do you have bills that need to be caught up? Next, can you set aside a small portion toward savings? Finally, can you set aside a small portion for an inexpensive family activity or dinner?Your tax refund may not cover all of every bill. However, applying an extra portion from your tax return to each one can definitely help in making progress. In some cases, it may make sense to evaluate the one(s) with higher interest to make a priority.Do you have a savings or emergency fund established? Most financial institutions do have minimum balances and limited withdrawals to avoid fees on savings because the accounts are intended to help you save, not constantly move money in and out. United Way of Central Kansas has put together a great program “Bank On Central Kansas” and works with several community partners to provide access to safe, low-cost, and functional bank accounts. You can find out more about this program at Bank On Central Kansas | United Way of Central Kansas at uwck.org/bankon.Finally, when you have been working on a very thin budget, it is hard to not celebrate making progress. Pack a picnic lunch and spend some time at the zoo! Splurge a little (a little is the important word!) on fun snacks, sidewalk chalk, bubbles, and a new ball for a family game night in your own yard. Does your family regularly cook together? If not, pizza night where everyone helps prepare toppings and makes their own mini-pizza can be an economical and fun family experience.Whatever way you put your plan into place, talk about it with your family. Littles can begin to understand that planning and savings, while taking care of responsibilities, are important life skills. These are all ways to model behaviors and set examples!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other K-State Extension resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.All Kansas Extension education programs and materials are available to all individuals without discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age or disability.

BERAN: Tips for budgeting your tax return

Postemergence weed control in sorghum, especially grass weeds, has always been limited compared to many of our commonly grown crops. Although sorghum is a major crop in Kansas, the acreage planted nationwide is considerably less than for corn, soybeans, or wheat (Figure 1). Consequently, herbicides used in sorghum must often be registered in other crops in order to be economically practical for chemical companies. However, herbicide-resistant sorghum hybrids have been developed to help producers manage weeds.

Herbicide-tolerant sorghum is not a Genetically Modified Organism (GMO). Rather it is a trait that was discovered in johnsongrass that showed resistance to a specific grass herbicide. It was patented and bred into conventional grain sorghum. The breeding work began in 2019 between the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station and Texas A &amp; M AgriLife Research. It was commercially released to production agriculture in 2021.

There are three herbicide-resistant sorghum technologies available in Kansas in 2026. They are Inzen grain sorghum and Zest (nicosulfuron) herbicide. Pioneer has two hybrids available in Kansas in 2026 suited for a range of yield environments.

Igrowth sorghum (both grain and forage hybrids) and ImiFlex (imazamox) herbicide. For 2026, Alta Seed has three hybrids available suited for a range of yield environments.

Double Team sorghum (both grain and forage hybrids) allows the postemergence application of FirstAct (quizalofop) herbicide. Sorghum Partners was acquired by Warner Seed, Inc. from S&amp;W Seed Company in September 2025. Warner Seeds acquired the brand, germplasm portfolio, and all sorghum assets to continue offering grain and forage sorghum products.

Important considerations with herbicide-resistant sorghum

Properly managing herbicide-tolerant sorghum is important for preserving the technology in the future. Cultural and mechanical weed management practices are necessary for successful sorghum production. Controlling any existing weeds prior to planting and applying a strong preemergence herbicide at planting are critical for managing weeds in sorghum. No herbicide-tolerant sorghum is currently labeled for control of shattercane (Sorghum bicolor) or johnsongrass (Sorghum halapense). 

Both of these species readily cross-pollinate with our cultivated sorghum varieties, and the likelihood of resistance being passed to these weeds is high. Shattercane resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides was first identified in Kansas in 1996. Steps must be taken to ensure shattercane and johnsongrass in or near fields planted to herbicide-tolerant sorghum do not flower at the same time as the crop. To read the full article with specifics of each products use guidelines and weeds controlled or suppressed, search for K-State Agronomy eUpdate,

Specific stewardship guidelines are available from retailers marketing the sorghum and herbicides mentioned in this article. The United Sorghum Checkoff Program provides an excellent pamphlet of general stewardship guidelines at: https://www.sorghumcheckoff.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/09_2022_HT_StewardshipGuide.pdf More information on sorghum weed control can be found in the 2026 K-State Chemical Weed Control Guide SRP-1194.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Postemergence weed control in sorghum, especially grass weeds, has always been limited compared to many of our commonly grown crops. Although sorghum is a major crop in Kansas, the acreage planted nationwide is considerably less than for corn, soybeans, or wheat (Figure 1). Consequently, herbicides used in sorghum must often be registered in other crops in order to be economically practical for chemical companies. However, herbicide-resistant sorghum hybrids have been developed to help producers manage weeds.Herbicide-tolerant sorghum is not a Genetically Modified Organism (GMO). Rather it is a trait that was discovered in johnsongrass that showed resistance to a specific grass herbicide. It was patented and bred into conventional grain sorghum. The breeding work began in 2019 between the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station and Texas A &amp; M AgriLife Research. It was commercially released to production agriculture in 2021.There are three herbicide-resistant sorghum technologies available in Kansas in 2026. They are Inzen grain sorghum and Zest (nicosulfuron) herbicide. Pioneer has two hybrids available in Kansas in 2026 suited for a range of yield environments.Igrowth sorghum (both grain and forage hybrids) and ImiFlex (imazamox) herbicide. For 2026, Alta Seed has three hybrids available suited for a range of yield environments.Double Team sorghum (both grain and forage hybrids) allows the postemergence application of FirstAct (quizalofop) herbicide. Sorghum Partners was acquired by Warner Seed, Inc. from S&amp;W Seed Company in September 2025. Warner Seeds acquired the brand, germplasm portfolio, and all sorghum assets to continue offering grain and forage sorghum products.Important considerations with herbicide-resistant sorghumProperly managing herbicide-tolerant sorghum is important for preserving the technology in the future. Cultural and mechanical weed management practices are necessary for successful sorghum production. Controlling any existing weeds prior to planting and applying a strong preemergence herbicide at planting are critical for managing weeds in sorghum. No herbicide-tolerant sorghum is currently labeled for control of shattercane (Sorghum bicolor) or johnsongrass (Sorghum halapense). Both of these species readily cross-pollinate with our cultivated sorghum varieties, and the likelihood of resistance being passed to these weeds is high. Shattercane resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides was first identified in Kansas in 1996. Steps must be taken to ensure shattercane and johnsongrass in or near fields planted to herbicide-tolerant sorghum do not flower at the same time as the crop. To read the full article with specifics of each products use guidelines and weeds controlled or suppressed, search for K-State Agronomy eUpdate,Specific stewardship guidelines are available from retailers marketing the sorghum and herbicides mentioned in this article. The United Sorghum Checkoff Program provides an excellent pamphlet of general stewardship guidelines at: https://www.sorghumcheckoff.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/09_2022_HT_StewardshipGuide.pdf More information on sorghum weed control can be found in the 2026 K-State Chemical Weed Control Guide SRP-1194.The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Herbicide-tolerant sorghum options for Kansas in 2026

Starter fertilizer is typically applied at a low rate of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) near the seed at planting time. This fertilizer is intended to "jump start" growth in the spring, and it is not unusual for a producer to see an early-season growth response to starter fertilizer application. However, some producers might also consider using this opportunity to apply higher fertilizer rates to meet most of the corn crop's N and P needs.

Producers should be very cautious about applying starter fertilizer that includes high rates of N (and/or K). It is best to have some soil separation between the starter fertilizer and the seed. The safest placement methods for starter fertilizer are either as a deep-band application 2 to 3 inches to the side and 2 to 3 inches below the soil surface (2x2) or as a surface-band application to the side of the seed row at planting time (2x0), especially in conventional tillage or where farmers are using row cleaners or trash movers in no-till. What are the risks with “pop-up” placement? If producers apply starter fertilizer with the corn seed (“pop-up” in-furrow), they run an increased risk of seed injury when applying more than 6 to 8 pounds per acre of N and K2O combined in direct seed contact on a 30-inch row spacing (Table 1). Nitrogen fertilizer can result in salt injury. Urea-containing fertilizers can also result in ammonia toxicity. Urea converts to ammonia, which is very toxic to seedlings and can significantly reduce final stands.

What is a “salt”? “Salts” are ionic compounds that result from the neutralization reaction of an acid and base. Most fertilizers are soluble salts (e.g., KCl from K+ and Cl- ions). Salt injury can occur when fertilizer addition increases the osmotic pressure in the soil solution (due to an increase in salt concentration) around the germinating seed and roots. This can cause plasmolysis, which is when water moves out of the plant cell, shrinking cell membranes and collapsing the cell. Symptoms of salt damage are short, discolored roots and a reduced corn population.

N rates with 2x2 placement or “surface dribble” - starter fertilizer placements, such as 2x2 or surface dribble (2x0), provide enough soil between the fertilizer and the seed and are considered safe alternatives for higher rates of N application. Recent studies in Kansas suggest that the full rate of N can be applied safely using these placement options. One concern from some producers is related to the additional time demands for the application of high rates of fertilizer during planting. However, from an agronomic perspective, this can be an excellent time for N application, minimizing potential N “tie-up” and providing available N to the corn, particularly under no-till systems with heavy residue.

Take-home message - producers can apply most of the corn needs at planting as long as the fertilizer placement provides enough soil separation between the fertilizer and the seed. The best options are the 2x2 placement or surface-dribble (to the side of the seed row at planting time), with similar results in terms of crop response. Nitrogen applications with these starter fertilizer options can provide an excellent alternative for producers who might not have the opportunity for anhydrous ammonia applications this spring or are planning to apply additional N as a side-dress application.

Information provided by Dorivar Ruiz Diaz, Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management Specialist.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>written by: Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Starter fertilizer is typically applied at a low rate of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) near the seed at planting time. This fertilizer is intended to "jump start" growth in the spring, and it is not unusual for a producer to see an early-season growth response to starter fertilizer application. However, some producers might also consider using this opportunity to apply higher fertilizer rates to meet most of the corn crop's N and P needs.Producers should be very cautious about applying starter fertilizer that includes high rates of N (and/or K). It is best to have some soil separation between the starter fertilizer and the seed. The safest placement methods for starter fertilizer are either as a deep-band application 2 to 3 inches to the side and 2 to 3 inches below the soil surface (2x2) or as a surface-band application to the side of the seed row at planting time (2x0), especially in conventional tillage or where farmers are using row cleaners or trash movers in no-till. What are the risks with “pop-up” placement? If producers apply starter fertilizer with the corn seed (“pop-up” in-furrow), they run an increased risk of seed injury when applying more than 6 to 8 pounds per acre of N and K2O combined in direct seed contact on a 30-inch row spacing (Table 1). Nitrogen fertilizer can result in salt injury. Urea-containing fertilizers can also result in ammonia toxicity. Urea converts to ammonia, which is very toxic to seedlings and can significantly reduce final stands.What is a “salt”? “Salts” are ionic compounds that result from the neutralization reaction of an acid and base. Most fertilizers are soluble salts (e.g., KCl from K+ and Cl- ions). Salt injury can occur when fertilizer addition increases the osmotic pressure in the soil solution (due to an increase in salt concentration) around the germinating seed and roots. This can cause plasmolysis, which is when water moves out of the plant cell, shrinking cell membranes and collapsing the cell. Symptoms of salt damage are short, discolored roots and a reduced corn population.N rates with 2x2 placement or “surface dribble” - starter fertilizer placements, such as 2x2 or surface dribble (2x0), provide enough soil between the fertilizer and the seed and are considered safe alternatives for higher rates of N application. Recent studies in Kansas suggest that the full rate of N can be applied safely using these placement options. One concern from some producers is related to the additional time demands for the application of high rates of fertilizer during planting. However, from an agronomic perspective, this can be an excellent time for N application, minimizing potential N “tie-up” and providing available N to the corn, particularly under no-till systems with heavy residue.Take-home message - producers can apply most of the corn needs at planting as long as the fertilizer placement provides enough soil separation between the fertilizer and the seed. The best options are the 2x2 placement or surface-dribble (to the side of the seed row at planting time), with similar results in terms of crop response. Nitrogen applications with these starter fertilizer options can provide an excellent alternative for producers who might not have the opportunity for anhydrous ammonia applications this spring or are planning to apply additional N as a side-dress application.Information provided by Dorivar Ruiz Diaz, Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management Specialist.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Starter fertilizer for corn – nitrogen placement and rate

By MIKE COURSON Great Bend Post

Spring in Kansas ushers in a good deal of positive things:
warmer temperatures, rain flowers, and baseball. Then there are the things that
sting and bite. Flying insects that may be considered a nuisance are on the
move in Central Kansas, but Alicia Boor, agriculture and natural resources
agent in the Cottonwood District for K-State Research and Extension, reminds
residents that bugs like bees and wasps play their role in the natural world.

“Bees are pollinators, so they go from flower to flower to
grab the pollen, and solitary bees do other things,” she said. “Wasps are
predators. What they are doing is actually attacking and getting rid of pest
species. So they are beneficial, just in a different way.”

Boor said neither bees nor wasps are aggressive. Many have
lived alongside paper wasps without getting stung. One other big difference
between the two insects is how they sting.

“Wasps can sting multiple times,” Boor said. That goes along
with being a predator because what they do is sting their prey to immobilize it.
That is why they can sting multiple times. Most of the times, the ones that are
the actual hunters are the females. With honeybees, they only sting once. When
they sting, there are barbs on that stinger, and it pulls it out of their
abdomen, and they die.”

Other than the pain of a sting, there are more serious health
issues to consider, namely allergic reactions. Boor said someone can be
allergic to a bee sting but not a wasp sting and vice versa. While leaving the
stinging insects alone may be the best way to avoid a sting, Boor offered a few
tips if there is interaction with the bugs or a paper wasp nest.

“If you need to remove it because it’s too close to your
house or something like that, the best time to do it is at night because they
are kind of sleeping and it’s easier to control them at that point,” she said. “If
you do need to get rid of them, that’s the best time to do it. Also, if you are
eating outside, anything that contains sugar, like sugary drinks or punches,
they are attracted to the sugar. Keep a lid on those, and that will help keep
them away from you. Otherwise, if you see them and they’re not harming
anything, leave them alone.”

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/7/1689400056467.jpeg" alt="(photo courtesy of KSRE)" />
 <figcaption>(photo courtesy of KSRE)</figcaption>
 </figure>By MIKE COURSON Great Bend PostSpring in Kansas ushers in a good deal of positive things:
warmer temperatures, rain flowers, and baseball. Then there are the things that
sting and bite. Flying insects that may be considered a nuisance are on the
move in Central Kansas, but Alicia Boor, agriculture and natural resources
agent in the Cottonwood District for K-State Research and Extension, reminds
residents that bugs like bees and wasps play their role in the natural world.“Bees are pollinators, so they go from flower to flower to
grab the pollen, and solitary bees do other things,” she said. “Wasps are
predators. What they are doing is actually attacking and getting rid of pest
species. So they are beneficial, just in a different way.”Boor said neither bees nor wasps are aggressive. Many have
lived alongside paper wasps without getting stung. One other big difference
between the two insects is how they sting.“Wasps can sting multiple times,” Boor said. That goes along
with being a predator because what they do is sting their prey to immobilize it.
That is why they can sting multiple times. Most of the times, the ones that are
the actual hunters are the females. With honeybees, they only sting once. When
they sting, there are barbs on that stinger, and it pulls it out of their
abdomen, and they die.”Other than the pain of a sting, there are more serious health
issues to consider, namely allergic reactions. Boor said someone can be
allergic to a bee sting but not a wasp sting and vice versa. While leaving the
stinging insects alone may be the best way to avoid a sting, Boor offered a few
tips if there is interaction with the bugs or a paper wasp nest.“If you need to remove it because it’s too close to your
house or something like that, the best time to do it is at night because they
are kind of sleeping and it’s easier to control them at that point,” she said. “If
you do need to get rid of them, that’s the best time to do it. Also, if you are
eating outside, anything that contains sugar, like sugary drinks or punches,
they are attracted to the sugar. Keep a lid on those, and that will help keep
them away from you. Otherwise, if you see them and they’re not harming
anything, leave them alone.”